Class 6

Lesson – 6.2
Body Movements – Identifying and classifying body joints- Chapter 8

Parameters Descriptions Notes for

teachers
Chapter Covered Chapter 8: Body Movements
Sub-topic: Identifying and classifying body joints
Name of the NCERT, Science Textbook class VI
Book
Learning In this chapter, students will get an in depth understanding of the joints which gives
Objectives different flexibility to our body.

To enable learners to:

Scholastic:
Stage 1: Conceptualization
 Understand the body movement of different animals.
 Classify the different types of joints present in the human body.
 Distinguish the movements of different body parts having different parts of the
joint.
 Relate the different joints with various objects like door hinges.

AI and Tinkering:
Stage 2: Apply Design Thinking framework
 Understanding the structure of different types of bones.
 Identifying the role of joints to interconnect the different types of bones.
 Create a framework of the bones and joints of the body.

Stage 3: Making AI enabled software

 Research about different types of joints present in the human body.
 Collect the data related to the different types of joints.
 Infer how the data collection is done and how to label data.
 Gain knowledge of machine learning and its integration.
 Comprehend the AI tools and their applications.
 Explore Al modelling further using online tools to classify different types of
joints.

Stage 4: Making a hardware

 Learn hardware integration.
 How Arduino uno could be coded with pictoblox.
Time Required 5 periods of 45 minutes each
Classroom/ATL Seating arrangement:
Arrangement  Theory sessions – Regular classroom arrangement
 Activity sessions – Flexible (for group/pair work)
Material Scholastic:
Required  Textbook
 Smart Board / screen and projector
 Pen and paper
 White board and marker
 Laptop
 AI and Tinkering:
 Personal Computer/Laptop with Internet Connection
 Arduino Uno
 LEDs
 Power cable
 jumper wire
Pre – Preparation Scholastic: Consult the
Activities The teacher will show the following videos to prepare students for the class - yoga and
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cYal_hitz4 (The 6 Types of Joints - sports
Human Anatomy for Artists) teacher for
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbEfPtYR9tY (Types of Joints | Body effective
Movements | Class 6) integration
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwMdxJZ04PQ (Joints in our body) of other
subjects too.
The teacher will give a take home activity to observe and report as follows -
Students will be asked to find ways, how one would manage every day activities if
one of his body movements is not possible. They were asked to tie a scale on their
arm near the elbow joint and asked to try to move the elbow.

AI and Tinkering:
 The teacher makes the arrangements for hardware and good Internet
connection required to conduct the activity.
 Students will be introduced with the platform “Teachable Machine” where the
students can understand the concept of machine learning.
https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/
 ATL teacher will explain about use of sound playback module.
 Students must learn how to upload code in Arduino by Pictoblox.
 Learn about use of digital pins of Arduino, to activate and deactivate an
actuator.
Previous Scholastic:
Knowledge The students are expected to know about -
 Different body parts and their common functions.
 Different types of bones in our body.

AI and Tinkering:
 Basic understanding of Teachable Machine Platform.
https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/
 Image Classification and Processing.
 Basics of Data Collection and Data Evaluation.
 Basic understanding of PictoBlox, a programming software based on Scratch.
You may download Pictoblox using following link.
https://thestempedia.com/product/pictoblox/download-pictoblox/
Methodology Stage 1: Conceptualization Scholastic: (Science Teacher)

The teacher will ask if the students have performed the activity and will listen to their observation
about the given home activity. The below responses are expected -
 Students will not be able to perform everyday activities which involve elbow movement.
 Students will observe the importance of joints in their skeleton and how these joints are useful
in carrying out different body movements.
The teacher brainstormed the reason why different parts of the body show different types of
movements.

Introduction:
 The teacher discusses arrangement of bones present in different organisms resulting in
different body movements.
 Teacher will further explain different types of joints and their respective functions.
Following videos can be used for reference -
https://youtu.be/qmcj6ZvHBjk
https://youtu.be/OyK0oE5rwFY

Contextualization: AI and Tinkering:

Stage 2: Apply Design Thinking framework (Subject Teacher and ATL In charge)

Problem Statement / Scenario: Students were performing some basic exercise as a warm up
activity for their Basketball match. After exercising, Ajay noticed that he was able to perform various
movements of the body which were different from one another. He was able to rotate the neck but
was unable to do so with the skull. Similarly, he was able to rotate the shoulder clockwise and
anticlockwise but legs could not perform the same. He wondered what could be the reason behind
it. And thought about sharing it with teachers and friends in the classroom.

Empathize: Listening to the scenario shared by Ajay, teachers asked few questions about body
movements:
 In what directions do your hands move?
 Do you enjoy doing physical exercise?
 How do you move your hands and legs while doing different exercises?
 Which part of your arm can be bent?
 Straighten your arm and try to bend it downwards. Are you able to do it?
 Why is it that we are able to move a few parts of our body easily in various directions and some
only in one direction?
 Why are we unable to move some parts at all?

Define: Students will notice different body parts are involved in different movements of the body
part. They also understand how different joints in our body lead to different forms of flexibility in our
body.

Ideate: To understand the concept further, learners will be asked to train an AI model which can
identify different parts of joints in our body leading to different body movements.

Stage 3: Data collection of images for different types of joints present in the human body followed
by classification of joints using machine learning (Subject teacher and AI Faculty)

The learners will collect image data for different types of joints present in the human body using
online websites. The data collected will be further used to train the model for making predictions
for classifying different types of joints.

3.1 Teacher helps students understand various types of joints present in the human body.
 How each type of joints work?
 How to identify them?
 After understanding the students will search for databases available online. Teachers can ask
following questions -
 What are the websites available for finding datasets?
 What databases are open-sourced and readily available?
 Once the database is found, the students will evaluate the database and clean the dataset to
make better and accurate predictions (i.e. remove unnecessary images/data points).
 Alternatively the ATL in-charge can also suggest students to use a click of any available X-Ray
image of any particular joint.
3.2 After collecting the dataset, it is cleaned for further processing, wherein the learners can
remove the unwanted images or wrong images from the dataset.

3.3 Data Collection, Processing and Labelling: The students can collect the data as mentioned
above or he/she can even collect the data in real time by clicking the images of X-Ray of any
particular body joint.

Implementation Steps -
 Students have to click the following link: https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/
 After clicking on get started will select the image project.
 Create the four classes-
 Ball and Socket Joints
 Fixed Joints
 Hinge Joints
 Pivotal Joints

 Click on upload to get the dataset for all the four classes to train the model. For this activity you
may use following collection -
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1pTWxDBnJWaKFkc_Mxm2mBrEgVcsLzWCy?usp
=share_link
 You may add more data to the above collection.
 The data uploaded is used to train the model.
3.4 Understanding the Use Case & Training the model: The students are to be asked to click on
“Train Model “ to make the machine learn the images uploaded under different classes. AI teachers
should make the students understand the relationship between performance of the model and the
quantity as well as quality of the data. If the quantity as well as quality of the images captured is good
then the model will be able to understand the data better.

3.5 Testing & Evaluating the model: After the model is trained, it is tested. The learner clicks on the
top right button and changes the mode to File from Webcam (as shown below) and selects the
image from the test data folder.

The next step is to test the model by uploading the image from the test data folder.
As per the given inputs, the model has correctly predicted the probability of a particular joint. The
probabilities can change according to the database size and quality. The output probability also
suggests the confidence of the model in prediction.

The learners need to take care of the following parameters, if the output is not accurate.
 Add a good quantity of data.
 Ensure there are no errors in data.
 Ensure the classes are labelled properly.

3.6 To get shareable link of your project

 Click on Export Model Option and select Upload my model. Your model will be uploaded on
cloud.

 Now copy the shareable link as shown below-

Stage 4: Creating the hardware to predict the type of joint using colored LEDs
(Subject teacher and ATL Faculty)

4.1 Use PictoBlox with AI Model

Step 1- Open PictoBox software and open a new file

Step 2- Click on the add extension button present at bottom left as shown in above figure and select
machine learning.

Step 3- Click on Load Model and paste the shareable link copied from Teachable Machine. Upload
your test data as different backdrops using the button ‘Choose a backdrop’ at bottom right of the
screen and then selecting ‘upload backdrop’. Do not forget to delete white backdrop.

Step 4- Develop an interface in PictoBlox that selects any joint from uploaded backdrops and
shows the name of the joint accordingly. Add the blocks in following manner -

Step 5- Now test your model by clicking on the Go button. You will observe that the message will
be displayed on the screen according to the selected image.

Step 6- Now write a code to activate the Arduino digital pin to play sound module. Also upload the
pre-recorded sound files using the Sound tab and then using upload sound option.
Step 7- Connect the components as per the appropriate schematics: (Components used are: 4
LEDs, Breadboard, Arduino UNO, Connecting Wires, Power Cable). Use the following LEDs to
represent the specific joints as follows (Colors of the LEDs can be changed depending upon the
availability):
 White LED: Hinge Joint ( D 11)
 Red LED: Ball and Socket Joint (D10)
 Yellow LED: Fixed Joint (D13)
 Green LED: Pivotal Joint ( D 12)
 Step 8 - Click on board and select Arduino Uno. Connect the board and upload the code. Don’t
disconnect the arduino from the laptop until we want to run the project.

Learning Learners will be able to:

Outcomes  Analyse different types of joins
 Understand the movement associated with different joints
 Function of different joints
 Apply learning to real life situations
 Sensitized towards the body related deformities faced by the people
Glossary  Machine Learning: Machine Learning is the field of study that gives computers the capability
to learn without being explicitly programmed. ML is one of the most exciting technologies that
one would have ever come across. As it is evident from the name, it gives the computer that
makes it more similar to humans: The ability to learn.
 Teachable Machine: It is an online tool that enables a fast and easy way to create machine
learning models for your sites, apps, and more without the need for coding. It can be used to
detect poses, images and sounds.
 PictoBlox: PictoBlox is a graphical programming software based on the latest version of
Scratch that makes coding fun and easy. One can learn to code, make interactive animations
and games, interesting projects based on IoT, AI, program actions for robots, and much more.
 Data Acquisition: Data Acquisition refers to acquiring authentic data from reliable and
authentic sources/ platforms that is required for the AI model. There can be various ways to
collect data.
  Data Exploration: Data Exploration refers to visualizing the data to determine the pattern,
relationships between elements and trends in the dataset that gives a clear meaning and
understanding of the dataset. Data exploration is important as it helps the user to select an AI
model in the next stage of the AI project cycle. To visualize the data, various types of visual
representations can be used such as diagrams, charts, graphs, flows and so on.
 Data Visualization: Data visualization is the graphical representation of information and data.
By using visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps, data visualization tools provide an
accessible way to see and understand trends, outliers, and patterns in data.
 Data Labelling: It is the process of adding target attributes to training data and labelling them
so that a machine learning model can learn what predictions it is expected to make. This
process is one of the stages in preparing data for supervised machine learning
 Data Modelling: Data is the fuel of artificial intelligence. A machine is said to be artificially
intelligent if it gets trained and can make decisions/ predictions on its own and learns from its
own experience and mistakes. In the Modelling stage, data is split into a training set and a
testing set. The model is trained on the training set from which it makes its own rules that help
the machine to give an output and the model is then evaluated on the testing set.
 Arduino Microcontroller - Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics
projects. Arduino consists of both physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as
a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.
 LED- A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric
current flows through it. When current passes through an LED, the electrons recombine with
holes emitting light in the process. LEDs allow the current to flow in the forward direction and
block the current in the reverse direction.
Skill Outcome Tech Skill
 Digital literacy
 Algorithmic thinking
 Data gathering
 Model optimization
Design Thinking
 Ideation
 Innovation
 Prototyping
Social Skills
 Critical thinking
 Decision making
Artificial Intelligence
 Computer Vision
 Machine Learning
Social Impact Solution Building
 Problem identifying
 Problem solving
 Prototyping the AI and tinkering solution
Interpersonal Skill
 Empathy Collaboration
Intrapersonal Skill
 Organizational Skill
Creative Mindset