16x4x2 MIXER APPLICATIONS

LIVE SOUND REINFORCEMENT

The extreme ver~a!My 01the 1€x4x2 provides a level of control mo'e than equal
lodemandinglives,Iualions

MULTI TRACK
Inte1acesperlectlywith4\racktransportslorsupefbmu'j'-trackmas1ersas
well aspalching fac;li\ies for 2t,ack mix down

THEATRICAL PRODUCTION
Thf" f~xib,Jtty ,md expandlb'l,ty of the 1$.4.2 allow the theat,;,;:al user mo.a
:haner>oughoptionslordramaticandmusicalpresentaHons

VIDEO POST PRODUCTION

A superb unit for profes~io"al audio results in both the commercIal film and
",deomediurns

PERMANENT INST ALlA TION/CHURCHES'INSTITUTIONS

Mult;~le inpU!$ a~,d outputs allow for selective signal distnbut.on fOtmats not
usualtyk'1,mdinordinarymixers

Toc~'_oca:'nf"'mal""".'''''oce"""pa'''are.'''';_ F",f\.""",~..,.,""tt","""·.S!udo"",,,.ter,",eof
'"<o"gl'.ny."1hor;'edde.lero<represen1a';vewo<i<1_ p<~,""e"'_ofl"e_essesl;,,,,,~OOIow
 1

Thank you forpurchas'nglheStud'omaster1Sx4x2mixer

The Stud>o master 1h4x2 mixer has been carefully designed tOf .ecord'rlg as well as live pertormanC(! mIxing
Ful1hef, this mIXer can be used lor slmunaneous recording ot liH. performances in add'I00I110 ,emixing of mulh·
track master record'ngs. Thismixerhastheflex'bil'tytomootvirtua Ilyanyuniqueaudiositualioounderthemost
strenuous conditions and provide superb aud,ble results. The 16x4x2perf ectlymatchesany4tracl('eoord'I\Q
transport making this board perfect in both home and stud;o recording environments

Read this manual carefully and familiarize yoo~ellwlth'hefeaturesandfurdions beforeoperatong Wesugges1

atwayskeepingth,smanualwiththem'xer.

We at Studiomasler are proud of our mixers and we believe you will t>e equally proud w;th you, purchase

CONTENTS

INPUTCHANNELS1·16

SUSGROUPCONTROlS 1-4

AUXILIARY CONTROLS SECTION

MASTER QUTPUT ANDJ<:jXILLARY 8E-

TURNS

SACKPANElFEATURES

16x4x2 MIXER APPLICATIONS

16.4x2 LIVE SOUND REINFORCEMENT

16.4.2 RECORDING AND MIXING

16.4.2 THEATRICAL PRODUCTION

16x4.2 VIDEO POST PRODUCTION

PERMANENT INST ALLA T IONS

SCHEMA TIC

TECHNICALSPECIFICATIQN

1-.' _
c ~)

BASS FREQUENCY

BASS CUT BOOST

AUX1 (POST)

AUX 2 PREPOST SWITCH

AUX3(PRE)

SOLO ASSIGN SWITCH

L&A ASS.G~ SWITCH

SUBGROUP
ASSIGN SWITCHES

CHANNEL
FADER

OVERLOAD INDICATOR
Each input channel consists of the lollowing con- 'AUX2
trolsandleature.: Thiscontrol,likeAux 1, isnormatty post ta(/er. Au'2
MIC LINE SWITCH however, is p'o~ided with a pre-fade, sele<:tor switch for
This swilch allows lor any channel fo be used with eifher bussing ot pre-tader sigr1als fa fhe Aux 2 masler secllon

a microphone le~el Olpul (balanced low impedance -200 'AUX 3

ohm) 0' a line le~el input (unbalanced 600 ohm.) lsee The Au,iliary 3 conlrol allows for bussing ot a pre-fader
page 25 Ior details) signaltolheAu,3maslerse{:tionPrefade,signalsare
normallyusedlorstagemonilor,studiotoldbackorcue-
PAD SWITCH
Thisswitchprovidesa20dBpaddirectlytolhemicinput "'9
and 10dB to iine, and can be used to attenuafe high PAN CONTROL
level signals ThEt rotary postfaderpanconlroldetermonesthEtleft-lo-
right balancEtotthEt signal ooing sEtnt to the outpul bus-
sesll1hechannelsigr'lalissentt01hesubgroupS(I-4j,
The gain control is continuously variable from 1QdBfa
thEtoddgroupsarelEtftwhHethEtevenar"righl
6OdB.Thiscontroideterminesthenominalcharmelsen·
siti~ity by varying the pre amp gain, preserving 'SOLO
maximum head,oom <lnd minimum r.ois"withoutaffec1 The~oswitchallowsthechann"lsignaltob6bus:;ed
inginputsignalsensittvity atapretaderlevEtilothEtMon'toroutputThissignalca"
be used in a pre~iew Q'cueing application. This signal
automaticallya;JpearsonLEDladder#4
The 16x.h2 utilizes the famoos Studio master sem;- LEFT-RIGHT MASTER ASSIGNMEr,;r
P<lrametricEO.network. TI>e Ireble control network is
This swilch allOws for bussir'lg Ihe pOst pan slgMb d;-
an <lctive sI1elving-type high pass filter lunct,oning from
rectlytothEtletlaod"ghtmasleroutputsectio",s.bypas-
10kHz,provid,nglor16dBboostorcut
sing the subgroIJPS. This sigr'lal may be used tor posl
production ove'dubblng onrecordiogsT~d'osOffor roul-
Themidrange networkoonsists Of <Icontinuously ~ari· ingofsinglesignalstotheprogramOIJtputs:nlive;;-er-
able frequency control with a sweep of from 200Hz fa formance<lpphcations
BkHz.Thisiscombinedwith<lseperateg<l,ncontrolpro-
vi(/ing 16dB boost or cut ove' the chosen frequency SUB GROUP ASSIGNMENT
ThEtIQursubgroupswilchesallowlorbussingthechar1-
"od
ne1 sign<lls to any combination 01 su!Jgroups s,mutlan-e
The bass r>etwork oonsists of a oontinuOlJsly ~ar;able ouslySubgroupingisprovidedformu~;·trackrecor(j;ng
shelving frequencyco"trol with <I sweep oT from 25Hz or for sub mixing signals g'oups. suCh as drums. during
to 350Hz This is combined wilh a seperate gai" control IivesoundrEtinforcEtmenl
provid,ng16dBboostorcutonallfrequerICiO!'Sbelowthe
LEDQVERLOAOINOICATOR
chosencutollpoinl
ThEtinsetLEDne<ttolhEtchanoolfaoorprOVJdesaV1SU-
al indicalionolthEt chanr,,!ssigMI status The LEDfwes
Thlsswilch ailowst~Et us&r to bypass thEtequalLzallon <lt4dBbelowClippingallQwongthEtO(>eratOfIOI<1'oc:N..--I
network input inadvancelflhenominalsgnallevelO$~a
d,stor1edlev"I.T~.eLED6elec\Orc"=:.>II<5;)OS1~anc
E.C
Th;scontr~ailowstorbuSSlngolapOstTatI"r$igoalto
rhe Au,iiiary 1 maste, section, Post fader sends are CHANNEL FADER
comn1Of'1iy use<:: 10' WEt with Etxtemal ecl>o and or "It- The100nvncna.....,.,.,faoo,P'O'<"deSOUIpVIIevelCOt1Ifol
"erbd"~'ces Iromfhecl1anoeltoa!lpost!adefbusse$. Theraooris
'(postEa.) callbfa:edIOfaccuraterel"·"EtIe,,e1ir>dlcat>ans
 )

SOLO ASSIGN

1kHz SLATE

SUBGROUP FADER

c. ~)
2T TO MONITOR ASSIGN

TB TO AUX 3 ASSIGN

TALKBACK

AUX 1 AuX 2 AUX 3

[MASTER SENDS]
Eao::h'I,IbllrOl,lP,onsitllsolthefollowingleatl,lres& PAN CONTROL
Y'w:1ion.: The pan control determines tl1e lefl-to-right balanooot
the SUbgfOUP signal bussed to the moniloroutpllt and

TAPE MONITOR SWITCH tnemasteroutputs

.•..••••••••switches bussthaincoming muW-tracktapain SOLO SWITCH
;Uslrum the line iIlput jacks on input channels JIffi The soloswitcl1sends the subgroopsignal to t!1emoni·
:YectIyto the monltorootputs. This allows monito-rfng'1,t toroutputdirectfy,bypassing the moni\Of send and pan
f"t'c1ry signal prior to remim>g or eftects additioo Oflor control
'-·tapemooitonng

The subgroup fader is a 100mmcontrol provided w;th

MONITOR CONTROL dB calibrations lor aCCllrate relative signal indication
'""emonitore:ontrotbussesthesubgroupoutputtothe This ct"'termines the final signal level available at the
"'~ ,md right master outputs, Addltionall~, the signal is subgroup ootput jack as well as to all post tadersub-
:>..:ssed c!"ectly to the monitor output jacks Iocaledon groupbusses
Iw!rearpaneLTheleft.'rightbalanc;eisrontrolledbyttJe
SLATE(I<x:-atedinSubgroup4)
subgroup pan control (see below)
The slate tor.e s.••itch applies a Ik•..•z tone to all 4 sub-
groupssimlJllaneously. Additionall)', this tone may be
AUX3 bussedtothelell&righlpfogramoUtputs.thus,thetone
1'-l'>!'subgroupsignalcanbabussedtotheAux3master may be used tor lining up recordbg equ;or:>ent, slatIng
~viath'ssendoontroI.Thesignalismonauraland tapesandsystemcheck--outinti"esoundreinlo~ement
~postsubgroup!ader applicatIons

AUXILIARY 1, '1 & 3 MASTER SECTIONS T ALKBACK VOLUME ANO ROUTiNG SWITCH
ThetalkbackvolumeOO>1troldeterminestr.elevelolar.y
Ead1AuxillaryMasterse<:uonisidenticai.thec!illerence
micsignalwith,nthe~ss.Acress'sviatl'>e)(LRj"put
:.e;nglnthec!&rivationoltheincomingsignals
onthe rear panel (see rear paael teatures). Tharo..obr)Q
rne master control determines the level 01signal avai' switchisamomentarypushbuttonopeningtneta'~!>ack
~attherorresporidingoutputiack.Thesoloswitct1 circuitacresstotheAux3bussoolpUl.Thosallowst:OfTr
••••• saach auxiliary buss to be Seflt to the solo circuit. munications to the stage monitoring sys1em dIn'1g ~
-ne:er#4andthemonitoroulputs soundleintorcementortotnetoldbacks~

SOLOINOICATOR recording Thetalk·bad<cirruil.V18Aw:3. mayallCO<I

~soIoLEDwilllightwhenanysignalispresen1inthe used as part 01an Intercom sys'emlQronBrC '="£iQ!'

d;rectloncommunica\lOn5du".ng~
U;lClfcuit, This;n(licatesthe signal is visually present
situ.a\Jons
~rr-.etef"'4an(laudlblyavailableallhemoniloroulpUl

ZTMONITOR
~ allows bussing ot the incomir)Q 2lracl< signal (Irom MONITORVOlU"'EC~
r.e2 track retl,lrn jacksl to the monitor outputs. Th'sal- 'Thosdetermoroesthea..e-idleWlala-"a.o;ro..c5l9"'.a.
Cws tor playbad< monitoring 01 remixed tapes, tNJS re- bussedtothemoMOf~as..elaslhe_1Dne
-..:edtapes can be compared in e.ther·dry"or •••••
et· thecontroldoesnote«ectthelevelofs.q'\al$t>JsSed
5:atetorfinaloverdubbing totneleft&ng/1IprogramootpUlS
c )

MrDRANGE

AUX1 OR2 RETURN

SOLO ASSIGN (MASTER OUTPUT)

UR ASSIGN (AUX)

SUBGROUP ASSIGNS (AUX)

The left. & right program master sK1ions <!Ireldenti· Ing auxiliary sends and thus can be driven with any
calinleaturesandfuncti0<15. unbalanc<M line level signal

EQUALIZATION AUXILIARY LEVEL CONTROL

The output equ<llization on the program masters con- This determines the amounlol returning signal avalJ-
sistsolthafollcwingnetwor1<.s: able for oossing to lhe subgroups and·"orp'ogrs.m out-
puts
Treble-shelvirogtypew.th 16dBbooslorcu1al 20kHz
Middle-reciprocalcurve(peak'dip)networkwrth PAN
16dBboostorCUlat1.5kHz ThisdeterminestheleIHo-rightbalanceolthe'ncoming
Bass -shelvingtypew'th16dBboostorcutat signals/Ouledlothevariousbusses
20<,
RETURN ASSIGNMENTS
MASTER FADER These switchesdete,mine the rouling of the auxiliary
The program master faders are dB cahbfated lor accu- signals (pOst pan & level). The signal may be bus~ed
rate relalrve signal levelindicatlOJ"ls. The100mmunrts directly to the lett& righlprogram. subg,eups1 and2
controlthefinalsignalbuss<Mtotheprogramlett&right and3and4oral'oltheabove
XLRconnectoro

AUXILIARY 1 & 2 RETURNS AC SWITCH AND Pfi..OTLlGHT

These two networl\s are identical in bolhleatures and The AC swilch energizes the entire console. An -AC on-
functions. Auxiliary return networks do r'IOt neoossarily condilion is indicated by the red LEDlocaled tOlhe liO'tt
require their inputs to be derived from the correspOnd olthisswitch
 CHANNEL INPUTS 1-Hi pnmarily for use withextemaf signal processir.g and el-
Each oflhe sixteen chanr1els have the following inpul !ectsdeviQessuchasechoordigitaldelay.Aux3isp'Q--
connections and accesspoir\ls vided primarilyfo'sludiofoldback or live sound stage
MICROPHONE INPUT monilorfeeds, Auxiliary2,whichisselectableaseilher
MIC level j\ow impedance) sigr\als are int'oduced to the a pre or post fader signal buss, may be usedfm eifher
char\r\elthrough the XLR connecto'. This routes the Of the above functioos. depernMg0r11hesrtuationar1dl
sfgnal to the balanced discrete p,eamplifie! section or user preference
LINE INPUT
SUBGROUP LINE OUTPUTS 1-4
linelevelsignal(unbalanced)canbeinsertedviathev.'
These 4 oufpls provide an unbalanced line level sigoal
phone jack located below each mix XLR
(+4 dBm level) 10' 4 t,ack recording, The signals avai~
CHANNEL PATCHING ACCESS ablea,ederivedposffade,arxfa'ep,imarilydes;gned
for use with 4 frac~ fape machines or for live souod
applicafions requi'ir\g multiple, ir\doperldef1t program
allows ir\dividual channel signals 10 fo, lines.Theseoutputsmayalsobeusedlorbussingsig-
example.toanextemalsignalprocessir.g::levicesuch nals 10 extemal devices, SUCh as iimiters. whe'ein ft1e
as an e<:ho Or delay unil and 'etumed to the channel for p'ocessoo s>gnal is returned 10 the program outpuls via.
r\Ormalrouhngtotheoulpufs.Thes\>jackscanbeeasily ft1eauxiliary1and2retu,nnetworks
modified for post fade, operation for larger multi·lrack
2 TRACK LINE IN (RETURN)
sit\.latiol>s. (See P<lge 1Q Auxiliary Bussing)
These1/4"phor\ejacksprOVldereturnaccessfor-10dB
AUX1,2&3SENDS sigr\als from 2 track tape machioesforplaybackofmas·
Thea\Jdia'Y send jacks derive signals from their re· teredfapes, The signals a.re routed fo the Mooilor out-
spectivemaslerstmdoonfrofs_Auxser\d 1 is designed pulswhenthe2T,ack'10-MDf1itorswilchisdep'essed

LEFT AND RIGHT SUBGROUP LINE

AUXILIARY SENDS OUTPUTS 1-4
MAIN OUTS

__ I _ 4

AC INPUT
 MONITOR OUTPUTS e.ceptinoutpullevel
Thetwo1i4-stereophonejacksarepr<MdedrOld"v,ng PROGRAM OutPUTS - LEFT AND RIGHT
headphones or small, low power speakers (8 ohm jack) Thesign<llsprese"faI1heprog'amXLRcormectorsa'e
or ruu siza s'udioTeferencemonilOlsjislems (600 ohm balarn:ed with <InomiMllevel of + 4dBm. These are de-
iack).The signals present are idenlicalexcept lorlhe nved'rom the master sections described in the Front
Ioadrequiremen~anda'edenvedlromthesubgroup Panel Features section or this ma'1u<l1. These signals
monitor send and pan controls The final !evel is deter- may be used for live s.ound re,n!occement or rortwo
mif'>edbylhemonilormaslercontrol IraCkrecording where professional (+4) ~v€lsare/e-
TALKBACK quired
This XLR accepts a standard low impedance mK:ro- PHANTOM POWER SWITCH
phoneloruseasac..eingCl!intercomconnectionlothe 48v of phantom power is aV<lilableloail micoonr>eCtors
Aux30ulputbuss I:tyactuafing the phanfom power sNitch
AUXILIARY RETURNS AC POWER CONNECTION, VOLTAGE SELECTION
The two auxiliary jacks are designed:o accepl line ,""vel ANDFUSEHOlOEA
signais for bussing 10 the programs or 10Ine SUbgroups The 16x4.2 isdesignedlooperale ona~j' 01 ~ voIlages
(re!erlott1eseCliononFrontPaneIConlrols-Auxiliary at either 50 or 60Hz; l00V, 120V, '220V and 240V. Tho
Aet,-,ms). The signals may be returned from the auxil-
iaf)' ser>ds, subgroup sends or from inclependente><!er
voll<lge should
Pows/cord.
be se!ecled before
The se:eclor can be char.gec
a::a~hing t~e
b~ It!li'1gl'>e
AC
I
nalsources
2 TR~CK LIN!: Out
The two Irack tine oui j••ch providea-1OdB signal for
squt.reinsertar'!dluming!heil1se""JI~!i:theor,;;~rvoi-
tage is afigrwsdwllh the arrOl'l O"lr.e "g~,1 ~a;Je
holder. The AC is introduc"d ..-;" " Slar,d"n; lEG co~-
roflhe
i
i
fecording 01 rem,xed maslar tapes. Thesignalspresent nector. TheACfu~,aT2AtypC,i$lQ<;aled;ns;jetrt€
I
are idenl,cal to the main left and right program outpUIS, vollage seleclor insert I
~
CHANNEL INPUTS 1-16

~_ CHANNEL PATCHING JACKS

(DIRECT IN OUT LOOPS)
--~

Since the 16~4~2mixingconso!emilybeu$edfor inpulto1haheadphonesvia!l1esolobuss.Properm,x·

8 variety of audio mixing applications, it is u- ong lech •.•iques should lesult in the channel tader talhng
tremely Impo"anl to fully understand the various betwee •.•·5a •.•d·20o •.•thescale,al1houghnolallsignals
functions which may be required. It is atso impor- aresoobhgi •.•g'
tanllounderslandthelolalaspeclandcapabllilyof
Whe •.•fonahz,ngthegainandEQ.se!tingS,keepinmirtd
the unit, even those not necessarily applicable 10
the Overload i•.•dicalorfiresat 4dS priortocl,pping, thus
the final, Immediate ,!!tup, In order !O tea1l2e the
it is often normal tor the LED 10 lire i•.• a sporadic,
bestformalloranygivensitulltionorapplication
mome •.•tarymanner, True overload and dis!ortion is in·
dicatedbyastrong,contlnllOus·on"condolion.
LIVE SOUND REINFORCEMENT
The 16x4x2may be used !or live soond re,nlorcernent AUXILIARY SUSSING
ina number o! ways. Two examples are shown lor con- During live performances it is oflen nocessary to assign
cenorlivemusicsituationsanda!hirde'amp~shows various input signals to mul1iple access points 01' bus·
a typical theatrical appl'cation_ Tr.e actual set up ses. Forth'S reaso •.•, the 16.4x2hasbeendesigned
selectedwilldependontheamountandtypeolexlernal wl!h.2 pnmary busses (Program Lett and Right), 4 sub·
equipment (mics, amps, speakers, elc.) used in lhe groupbusses(1,.2,3artd4)and3auxiliarybusses (Au~
overali syslem as well as other variables such as type 1,.2and 3) as well as channel patch points. This allows
cfve •.•ue, mi~erloca1io"'s.typeofpertormaoce, etc. No theoperatorachok:eof10distlibut'on'OIJtesfOl'a •.•yin
allernplismadel1eretodlctatehnalgai"'ande.Q se! comi"'gsignal.lnma"'yapplicationsilmayberequifed
t,ngS'Jfslg" ••: bussing, e.cep! by e~ampleforinstruc- toaddexler •.•ale"ectsorco •.•trolS,suchaSOCho,delay
honalpurlJOS(!s,asthesedepender"ltorelyo •.•i•.•puttype orlimi~og, 10specitic inpuls. Addi\ionallyit is oflen a re·
and sensrt'vity,sig •.•alcomposit,on,e •.•viro •.•mental con- quiremenl for the on stage lalent to have a refelence
di!'o~.5a'XIperscnaltasteCaretulstudyoltl1efollowing s'gnalormonrtor.lfthemonrtorSlgnalrequirementsare
exan.,'es will fesu~ ona Deller understanding of the mix- slmple,as,nglesernlmaybeadequatea •.•dca •.•begen·
ers ",verall adaptability and fle.ibllity era\ed by routing the necessary signals via the au~ 3
~"mIALINPUTSET-UP buss.lf a more complex monitor mix is required. the aux
In most applications, a tog>cal,well plam1ed layout of 2 send may be assig •.•ed a pre-fader status and a sec
chanr,eldedi<;ation will ease the mi~ing enginoo'sjob ond,independilntmonitorsig •.•algeneraled
LivlOsoundengonee"ngoflenrequoresrapidcha •.•gesof Perhapso •.•e of the moSI crilical factors of high quality
key sell'ngsor groups, thus it is usually Deuer 10 gfOup hvepertorma •.•ce rei •.•forcemenl is the addlt>on and mIX
theleadorcnlicali",pulsnearestlhesubgroupa'XImas' i•.•g ofe.ternal signal processong devices such as re·
terront'ols,lesscnlicali •.•puts(lhoserequlfingfe .•.. verbs. delays, compressors. etc. The Sludiomaster
changes afte, the initialseUi •.•g) arebetlerlehou10ftne 16x4x2isdesig •.•edI0; •.•terfacewilhvirtuallyalfsuchde
.•'ay and are usually placed away tromlhe SUbgfOUPS vices capable of using line level;nputs and supplying
a'XImasters, Groups of inpu1s wh>ch are to be routed tine level outputs (Note: Some elfects devices are de·
lothesamesubgroupsmaybe~aced,nadjacenlchan' s;gnedloruse .••••
ithhighimpedanceinpuls;gijals, such
nels. however, any critical inputs to be routed to that as guitars and ge •.•e,alea high impedanceoutpul sig
subgroup maybe isolated near the subs and maslers na.! Such units ale oot directly compatible with the
tofacilitateeasierchar1ges 16.4~.2unlessimpedaocematchingdevioosareused
Forstart'ngpufposcs,m>clevelsig •.•alsshouldhavea on the input and output signals.) For etfects which are
ga,n setb •.•gof 30 with no p.ad and e.q. Ila1. Line level in· 10beusedonmu\!'pleinputsignals,e,g reverbonvo<:·
putsshouldbeini1iallysetat20withnopadande.qllat als,the input signals maybe rouledthroughAux1 as
EQ. SE!I'ings may De iMlally pertormed by rou!,ngthe well as assigned to submasler 1. The retuming"Wef"
 signals can be retumed via either the Aux 1 or 2 I"€tums signal strength will change in the sub as well as the
andassignedlosub1.AJ!ematemethodsarealsoavail- maS1er. Another advantage ot sub-masteflng Ot group-
at»e,suchasassignirogtheaboveexampletothemas- ingistheabilltytoaudlblyplacethesubgroupsignalrel-
lerptograml ••l1andrighloulpulsd'recl~>orbytaking ativetolhemaslerleIHo-rightba'ance.Thisisaccom
thelineootofthesubgrou.pstOdrivetheextemaldevice plishedviathesubglooppancontrol,whicha1lowsthe
and retumiog the signals to Ihe program mas!ers. This englneertosweepthesubgroupsendloreflect.Bywey
lattermethodisespecialfyeflectlVeon$lgnalgroupsre- of an example, a par1icular drum passage or solo may
quiringcompreSs'onand'orlevellimiting be pennedtofoUow Ihe movemer1tot thedtummer with-
out having to amend or alter the set~ngs 01 the iOO,-
Some incoming signals may require special effects
v;duatinp<.Jts
which are nol required or des,rable on any o!her s'gnal
£Xamp~swo~bellanging on a keyboard, ahar. Another benefitot subgrOllpingon the 16x4.2 is the
mcnizer on a guitar or limiting on a snare or bassdrUfTI ability to send the subgroup signals out of the mixer
These types o! effects can bellSed b;'patch,ng Ihe pro- without;
i 1.lnterruptlngt.t>esignalffowtolhemesters,or:
1,/ :::r::r::: : :::~a~ok.t~i~ ~:~ ~ac:~ 2.Theneedtoassignthesubgroupsignaltothe
nectOf as the outpul send,the ring connector as the masters
input retum and tM sleeve connector as the common Thisfle,bihtyaitowstheusertoaddeflectstoatotalsub
shielclfo< both lines Mating cord assemblias maybe group or to conlrol 1he tevel externatiyby WilY ofa limi-
purchasedorconstructedbytheuS€r.(Notell!heneed ter. In both instances, the subg'oup Oulpu1 would be
arises to route an input signal Iromthechannalwitho<Jt broughtbackintothemixerthtougheitherotthetwoaux
intarruptlngthenormalsigMltlowlt1roughlhemixe<, return networks after oolng processed by the exlernaJ
the mating piu" wired as above must have a jumper wire device
added between the tip and ring oonnectors. When using
MASTER OUTPUTS ·lEFT AND RIGHT
this!yp€ of passive slgMI spirt arrangement, care must
The chiet tunchon ot the master outputs istodetermme
be taken to avoid e.cessiveoontrol changes In either
and oontrol the overatl final ou!put levels. Additionally
the channel tader 01 post tader controls or thoS€ on the
the 16x412 masters are provide<! with a three band
device led by the Spilt signal. Since there is no isolation
equalization netwolktor making adjustments in the slg
controlvariatoons made at either end of the signal path
nattonality, Wh1telhisE.Q. is nol designed to ehminate
mayaflec1theothe.-side.)
theuseofe.terMlmulti-bandequalizersinthose<lPP!'-
catOonsrequiringextensivefif1etuninglorv~atiteroom
live Sound reinforcement mi1ingoltenlSaneasiertask environments, it can reduce the amount 01 extemat
~s,milartypesoflnputsaregrou~togetherarxlOOr)- changes required, It sl>ould be noted that> white
trolled as a single s'gnal Examples of Ihis type ot use Stl.ldiomaster-does not produce exlernal equalizat>on
wouldbemicrophonesusedondrumklts,harmonyandi "etworks, we believe many sound systems WQuld be
orbackgroundvocalmlcsandmul1'plekeyboardlnputs vastly improve<i by the addition of such devices. Addi
,/ As variOuS iI1putsare touted to a subgroup,iI1drvioual tionatly, the human ear, while extremely sensrtlve, can-
channel levels can be set so as to provide a proper not adequatelyproviOO frequency i-dentiflcahon during
blendandbalance •••.rthinlhesubgroupmi.,'t,torexam· Ihe setup of mu1li·bande.q. netWQrks, thus we equally
ple,theleve!otthedrumsneedstoberaisedorloweled be!,evenoprotes$ionalsystemistrulycompletew,thoul
relative to the overall pregram level. Ihe subgroop !adef 1heinclusionofareal-!imeaudiospectrumar>.alyzer
can be 'e-pos'tloned withouldes!roying the balance Many tt;gh quaLity equalizers and RTA's lire aV<lllable
Th,s stili alLows lorindrvidualchannets within the grO\Jp and no speeificproduct recommendation ismede or im-
to be taised or lowere<! as necessary as that channel pliedbyStudiomaster
 The t~IOWIf1g system diagfams illuslrate just a few 01 TV PICAL LIVE SOUND REIN FOFlCEMENT
the many s"!lups feasible Wtth the 16.4x2. Thesedia Inthise.ample, all 16 inpuls ilre utilized by signaisj'om
grams use suggested chanN31 ded>cationsfor various the performe's and instruments on stage, Tn.s setup ai-
app'ications; you •••.ill undou~tedlyarrive aldifferenl ar- lowssix:"'eninputslobE'bussedtoanyora.llolthe4

i! rangementswhicnrnaysuityulJrparbcularneedsmore
effeclive!y. Keep in mir>dsignallevel,equalizationand
suOgrOL!pswhich. In IhlS application, are used as sub'
maslers.Theprogramsignals,leftandright.aredenved
bu~,singareasirnportanltotheapplicalionaslhep<oper horn the main outputs. This setup allows pre·mi~ing ot

iI cO',ne<;tion. ?Iease refer to the appropfia!eapplicalion

sact'ontoradd,lionalinformation
"ario~s;npulswrthinthesubgrocrpsprlOr\otheflnalout
pulconlrols

I
L ~
I LEAD
VOCAL
LEAD
MONITOR GUITAR
SYSTEM (MIC)

'." '-.
 Individual Cllannels may be patched to e>ternal et1ects Thesignalforasimplestagemooitorsystemisde,i~ed
devk:esasshownoninpulschannels3.9.10and11 'rom theaux 3 output. Thes'gr"lal available maybe bus
Tllis allows tile engineer to iso'ate spooflc etfectsto sede;thefpre·faderorbo!h
s'nglecharlnelswhileallow'ngbuss'ng. Vla8UX 1 and
2.ofa!1ych8!1r>elstoadditi0"8Ie><temalelfecfs8sillus·
('ated.Additior"lally.aux1aod2retumsmaybebussed
to a!1Y sutlgroup allowing IU!'\herblending 01 'Weror
"dry" sigr"lals or the selectlQf1ofoneln plaoo Of :he o1her
lor:;pec,llcprogramportiOl1s

'------ ~
 In!t1islargerlivesystem,additionalinpulchannelpalct1- Prima')' and seconda')' prog'am s'9'18\s are derived
iog Osutilized and speci!,c subgroup assignmenlsbe t'omlhe prog'am arnl 2 track outputs, fu",lling a need
come morecribcaleveolhoughthechaonelulilization loradditional!illsignals
is the same as the prevIOUS e~ample, Sign'ficant
Thelhree seperate, irJdependentlyconlrolled 0100110'
cI1anges are obv,ous in the oulput area,indical,ng an
signalsarederivedjromaux2and3aswellaslrom
enti,ely different approach to tne input oulput matrix as
weilasoutput!unction

2 TRACK TAPE
fOR PRE POST
SIiOWSVSTEM
SIDE FILL CHECK
SYSTEM

l
subgroup 2. Si•.•ee different re!e'ence materials are is bussed,v,a the retum networl<. direct!y to the master
•.•eededineaeh,Msignmentisdoneviathechannoelaux outpu1sectio •.•
sendcontrolsaridbysubgroupassig •.•ment
Itdeslred,a 2 track tape machine can be added, 3S
Au.1isdedicaledtoadigi!aldelaywhiehmaybel!Sed shown.forpfeo'~stsystemcheckoutaswellasinter
0'" instruments and'"of vocals, while subgroup 4,con- miss"'n!illmate,ial
!ai•.•ingonlythevocals!eedstoane.temal'evero .•••.
hich

ORUM (MICS)
 Fo' multi-lrack recording the basic inpul set\;pis similar Formul(i-Irac~record.ng,thelevelsmaybeadjust(>d
10 that used for live sound. The pnmary d,fference ISir'l p'''''fotheactualrl''COrd.ngbyuSlngthelkHzslatetone
Ihe buss assignments, asthe subgroups are now used as an ahgnment reterel'\Ce. Thi$toJle can also be used
asmastersfo';ndividualtracks.thusanys,gnaldesired to record a slate sfgJlal to ease feloca!ion 01 va,ious
ontrackol'1wOuldbeassigne::1orllylOsubgroup#1with startingpoiJl!sonlheaclualmu~l-trac~mastertape
Ihechannelpanturnedallthe"aycounlerclockwiseor
4 TAACK TO 2TAACK
let:. The same appliestoanysignalas~gned only to
Itthemastertapeisa4 t,ack. ""e output from the Ifans·
trac.k3v;asubgmup:3whiles<gnalstosubgroopsa"d
port should be brought bac~ to Ihe hne inpuls 01 chan-
j'acks2arnl4wouldbapannedhardrightofclocKw'se
n~s 13,14,15 and 16. These d1annels should be
Foldback signals tor the periormefS may be generated routedlothe~flaJldnghtprogrammaslers,by·pass.ng
in a"y of 3 ways. LrvelQldbackmaybederivedusingthe allsubg(oups.TI1etl'''o1rac~mastl'fcanbere-mi'edto
au~ 3 semi on each inpu! desired in the foldback sys- eit"", a ·10dBm tel'el using the 2 trac~ lineouljac~s or
lem. The same method C<lnba pertormed by using the a+4dBmlel'elusingthepo-ogfamXLRoutputs
au~il:ary3send ~\hesubgroups. !husalow'ng:h€ art·
Playhack of the finis.'>ed 2 track maste, can be accom·
is''.1ohparf'lthers;r1'g'eins1ruments.anentlfegroupol

I plishedvialhe21'ackl.neinjackswhichmatchlheoul·
pulof-10dBmtransportsorthroughtheaux1and2re
lumjacks which will accepl a + 4dBm level. The 2 tracl<:
line ins route di'ec!ly 10 tM program masters while the
aux retumsmay t>e re-routed to the subgroups or the
mastefs.EI1he'methcdallowsaccessinr;thesignalsfor

Il:=~:::=.~.:;;.=
p;aybacklistenlng

eOR 16TRACK TO 2TRACK

Whenmultilrac~masfersofelther80r16t'ackSarelo

",,",""·,,°""'''''''''''0''''00''0"0'0", t>e'emixedt02traCk,theoutputsfromtMtapetraM
portshouldbeCQnnoctedI0thelineinputsolt~'nput The contr~ room mon,torsystem is driveflfromthe pro-
channels These inputs may, ,nlum, be rouled directly gram outputs which derive the;r signals v,athe sub-
to the program outputs, as in the above example,Of group monilorsends, This allows the engineer 10 listen
may be submixed using the louI subgroups as d,s- toaseperatetrackorgroupsoflrackswh'tehaadphone
cussed iI1 Ihe previous section on five sound rein!orce mooitonng the same s;gnals or Single channel (via
mentuseAnysignalorsigMlsroutedlOlhesubgroups WOo>
couldthenbebussedlOlhehnaloulputsvialhemonllor
Studiololdbacksignalsforthemus~iansistakentrom
sendandpancontrols
theaux30utpul,withasecoodsystemfedfromthe600
One of the mosf unique fealures otthe Studiomasfer
monifOfoulput,Thisallowstheengineertosupply€l1her
16x4x2 is the <lbility to immediately <emix 4 track or
"wet"(>r"dry·sigr1<!lsforrefer€f1ce.
larger multi-track tapes_TtIe 16x4x2line;nputsarede
signed to inter1ace w'th most transports wrthout the
For recofding themulli-track master, each inpuf is as-
ne<::ess,tyo!~rgepatct1baysand'oradaptorsor,equor-
s;gned to the desired SUbgfOUp{S),1heoulpulsQ1which
ingwholesaleequipmentcharrges
teed to sJngle Ifacks. During remix, Ihe channels used
AsshoWT1inthee.ample,fhechannelinpufsaretully are assigned directly to the program Ielland r;ghl mas-
dedicated to studio signal teeds, allowinge.ternalel terswhict1 in turn buss to \he correspondU'lg 21rack out-
lectsta be added eilher via the channel patch points or puts_ By routing back through the inputS,viahne,tha
theau.' and 2aocessbusses, The mulli-track1rans· signal composition ot any track or Iracks maybe altered
port rewrd signals are derived from the four subgroup and'oraudiblyrelocated
line outpufs, while the playback signals from the trans-
pon arelerminated al the char>net input line jacks (13· ~ayback ot the 2 track master may be accompi'shed
16),Althoughnotuseddurtngtherecordingofthemulti- without any alte'ationof the syslem or aSSignments
tfacl<master,atwo-trackmasteringmach;necanbebed The ;ncoming SigMls w;1Ibe presemonfyirrtheprog.am
to the 2-tracktine inputs and outputs in the same man- outputsorcanbebussedtothemonltoroutputsaswell
M,xing sound !o. tI1eatrical prodl.lClions, which ar€ In this system, each;npu1 maybe assigned tose~eral
g'eatlydependentupon~ari"gandp.ovidmgaudlO or all subgroups e~enthough all the subs may not be
cues,.equi.esaconsoleofextremeflexibiiity,suChas in use s'multaneously_ This allows 10r pre- settiogof
the 16x4x2 T~ ~a.ious styles 01 mi<;.ophones and sceneswh,chmaythenbechangedbyc.oss1adingbe-
pickups used, com~ned with the.r plaCEment, .equire tweensubgroups
theengineertoha~ecom~eteequali2atiOl1controlatall
times. The 16x4x2withitssemi-p.arametrice.q. on each
inpu1channelsmeetSlhisrJiflicutlc.iteria

REMOTE
(DRESSING ROOM, TO INTERCOM
LOBBY, LIGHTING, SYSTEM
ETC.)

"OM
DELAV
Since many stage productions use a combination ollNe Effective inter communications between the audio en-
ancl taped musiC, this system shows both types 01 in- gineer and other oftstage personnel (stage manager,
puts Additional recorded material (effects, music, e!c_) 'ightir>gdi'ector,elc_)canbesuppliedvia!hetal~back
maybe patched into any unused line level inpuls,then inpu1endaux30u1put
introduced by switching from mic 10 line inpu! with the
correspondingchannelswitdl
TheStudiomaster16x<lx2isclesigned!orex1rametlexi- Thecompactdesignhelpstokeepthesizeoftheed,Hng
bilityandcaneasilyinterfacewithava,ielyolvideoand baY!Oaminimuminthoseapplicat.onswherespaceis
cinematic equipment. including VTR's, VCR's. cart acriticalfactor
machine.>,mutli-tracktapererordersandlilmct1ains
ThestandardE,Qdeleatelimir\iltesthegenuinecon-
Oependir.gonth(!!inalnumt>erofaudlOtracksrequIJed cem fOf ilccidcnlal tonal changes, while the parametric
the 16x4x2canroutetheincomirogsignals(Iin.elevel designofthee,q networkailowslhelechnicaldi,ectOf
and'ofoverdubmics}lothemasterslorth€f,nalaudio tort>lloffunwantedrumblesatspecificbasslrequencies
tracks or to the subgroups. limiters can be piltched and eliminte high frequency noises while acce"tuating
either at theinpuls or the SlJbgroups. or can be placed il necessary. Ihecntical mid-fi!nge for maximum pres·
a!lerthelinaloutputasinthecaseofVTR'swithbuilt-in enceandclarity
hm;:,ng
Mixi"g oflhe audio s;gnalscan be done in Ihe$ame
manne' as both live and reoofding depending on the
Channelpa1chingatsoallowslorno;segatingolseldom
final track requirements
tve inputs and yet doesn't use val~abie auxiliary bu",·
singfOf$pecialeHecls Note: The slandard StlJdiomasler 16x4,2can t>esuc·

TECHNICAL
DIRECTOR
cessfully used with mosl video equipment by simply Pr;ma'yrecordingofthemasleraudiolracksmaybede
usir.galimiledquantilyofadaplors.Sludiomasteralso rived from either the programoutpu1s 8S shown while
offers a modified vers>on 01 the 16x4x2 with several lhe backup can be obtained fror':'l 8ny two su.bgroups
modifical>ons 10 reduce interlacing d,fliwhies. The Additional outputs may also be derived Irom lhe 2 track
c~ngesinclu(!ebalarn:edtransformerisolatedoutputs oUlput jacks and !rom the monilor master output (600
with a + 24dBm maximum output level (program left ohm)
andrightoutpulonly,o!heroplionsarealsoavailabfe
Foldbackrorlhevoice-overtalenlcanbeprovidedtrom
ContaclStudiomasterlordetails)
aux 3 as shown or from the MonilorOulput (8 ohm)
Talkback for communications is available fordi'ections
M,x;r>g 8udio for video applications is similar 10 multi
andCllessentfromtheTech.[)j'ector
tr8ck recording, the chiel diflerence being Inpul routirog
and!heneedforabacklJpmaster Themainoufpu!scanalsoberedtoastefeodistribut>on
amplrtler !t1en to mu~'ple VTR's and VCR's to generata
Ext,-,rr.al control dev;ces $uch as noOse gales and limit· mu~iple masters and back-ups, This allows formu~iple
erscanbeaddedeitherthroughtheind'vidualchannel formals (1" & 3'4") to be mastered simullaneouslylor
pa!chpo<ntsorvia!htlaux 1 and 2 networks laterdls!ributionloallilialesorbicyclesmlions
The features and flexibihty of the 1h4x2 make it ideal the mixer, various signal feeds can be mi.ed aod distri-
for inst:tulional sound sySlems such as cl1urcl1es, au- butad.ThesubgroupscanbeusedasiO(!epen6enlout-
d'toriums. medium s;ze meet'ng rooms and any other p\)ls. The example shown illustrates a typical Church ap-
permanent insta~ation situations. By centrally locating plication with provisions tor a meeflng or assembly hall

LECTURN
MIC 2

ASSEMBLY
MUL n PURPOSE'
RDOMSYSTEM
felnforcement. Chaf1nels 6 - 16 afe assigf1ed directly 10 bty''multipufp!Jse foom. lf1pul 1 is used in a seperale
progfam lell and fig~1 and lurnish signats lalhe basilica meetif1g room and is assigned 10 subg'oup 3 10<the
$Ol.If1dsystem, Irlj)UIS2-5areass;gnedtosubgroups feedbacklOlhef11e<Jlingfoomsyslem.
1 <lnd2andpravidesoundreinfofcemenllotheassem-

L
r )
MAXINPUTLE'lf.L SN
.•.8dBm MIC, .1MBm line, OdBm Awe In Betle-rthan85dB

OUTPUT CROSSTALK
~ax F'"ogam OUl - 2OdBm, Nom .•.4dBm _6OdBbetweenadjace<'1linp..rltl'\ar'lr'lelSoroupulS
Wax S<.b!rOUP OIl! .•.2Od6m. Nom .• ,(dBm EQUALIZATION

GAIN <::n3nneI1nputs :!-16de@ 10kHz

MlCinloSt./bgfoupOu1;+lOdBMAX '" 16dB(ir 200HzIoB~HzContnuouslyVanable

~ICinloProgramOut +lOdBMA.X :!-16dBlii 2'5Hllo~Conbn\IDUs."''Ja..able

~lCinI0Sul:>g'oupIDProg'amOuI;" 8QdBMAX ProgramOulputs

line inloSubg,OUP Out; + 40dB MAX ~16d'8 (a 2O+<Hz

li ••e into P,ogramOut; .• 4Od8MAX o"16dB(ii 1,5kHz

lineint(,SutogrouptoProgram, t5Od8MAX '!:16c!B(a 20Hl

~OISE
LEQMETERS
Ecru""aIe<"It~rooose-12tid8m~ M.lJCGAIN
Iluminateddo~y5"""'"",cahb'aledlD't!adOVU
FREORESPONSE • + 'dBm
2ClHz1o 20kHz' .• 0, ·1.5dB (DIN AUDIO BAND)

THD POWE" INPUT

lessthanO,01S ••••@1kHzreIOdBm 24-0,220,12Oarod100wlls

lessthan0015%(a1kHzref .• '5cl8m 5060HzsM1c1'1Seleclabie
lesslr.anO.'W\i20·20kHzal any level prior ~1I)C, powe' oonsumption 50 VA
loclipp."9

NOTE;
In t"ese ~II,cat;oos OdBm is treated as I VOLT ••.GE
reteref'cectO,71SvRMSrega-dje~soti~pedant:elevel