Domestic, Municipal, and Industrial Water Supply and Waste Disposal

WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA
DOMESTIC, MUNICIPAL, AND

INDUSTRIAL WATER
SUPPLY AND WASTE DISPOSAL
Jay Lehr, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Keeley
Senior Editor
Janet Lehr
Associate Editor
Thomas B. Kingery III

Information Technology Director
The Water Encyclopedia is available online at

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Lehr, Jay
Water Encyclopedia: Domestic, Municipal, and Industrial Water Supply and Waste Disposal
ISBN 0-471-73687-2
ISBN 0-471-44164-3 (Set)
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA
WATER QUALITY
AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Jay Lehr, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Keeley
Senior Editor
Janet Lehr
Associate Editor




electronic format.
Lehr, Jay
Water Encyclopedia: Water Quality and Resource Development
ISBN 0-471-73686-4
ISBN 0-471-44164-3 (Set)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA
SURFACE AND AGRICULTURAL

WATER
Jay Lehr, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Keeley
Senior Editor
Janet Lehr
Associate Editor




electronic format.
Lehr, Jay
Water Encyclopedia: Surface and Agricultural Water
ISBN 0-471-73685-6
ISBN 0-471-44164-3 (Set)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA
OCEANOGRAPHY;
METEOROLOGY;
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY;
WATER LAW; AND WATER
HISTORY, ART, AND CULTURE
Jay Lehr, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Keeley
Senior Editor
Janet Lehr
Associate Editor




electronic format.
Lehr, Jay
Water Encyclopedia: Oceanography; Meteorology; Physics and Chemistry; Water Law; and Water
History, Art, and Culture
ISBN 0-471-73684-8
ISBN 0-471-44164-3 (Set)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA
GROUND WATER
Jay Lehr, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Keeley
Senior Editor
Janet Lehr
Associate Editor




electronic format.
Lehr, Jay
Water Encyclopedia: Ground Water
ISBN 0-471-73683-X
ISBN 0-471-44164-3 (Set)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PREFACE
No one really questions that water is the life blood of cryptosporidium, arsenic, and public confidence), to
humankind. We all remain amazed that the existence of industry and its special needs (such as microfiltration,
water separates our planet from every other we have thus effluent discharge, reuse, energy, nuclear reactor coolants,
far viewed in our universe. We can arguably do without and even golf course irrigation), and of course the
every naturally occurring molecule on the earth except disposal of our used water in a safe and efficient manner
water. Life was clearly formed within water and exists in (subjects such as air stripping, bioassays, flotation, sludge,
one way or another on water. bioavailability, and wetlands). We hope that no reader can
Few people in the developed world give this simple fact stump the experts, which means that we have covered
of life much thought. We have an abundance of water every area of interest. However, we know that this goal is
for most of our needs, although some agricultural areas, not currently possible, but in coming years and in coming
a few municipalities, and some rural families, at times editions on paper and on the World Wide Web, we will
are strapped for the full amount of water they desire. more closely approach it. Let us know on our website
In the developing world, however, in some locations, the where our information may be incomplete, and we will be
collection and distribution of water is a critical part of sure to follow-up and fill in the gap in the future.
every day life, with many women devoting the major The contributors to this volume have freely offered
portion of their day to the provision of water for their their expertise to this project. Some have focused their
family. In other villages, the construction and protection of information on those in need of complete and often complex
a single well can be the primary focus of community needs. detail of their subject matter. Others have followed a
In general, the actual delivery of water for a myriad of middle road for a wider audience, and still others believed
uses followed by its disposal is taken for granted by all that a very simple approach to conveying information on
but the individuals charged with carrying out these often their subject was best.
amazing tasks. In this volume of the Water Encyclopedia, The reader may find all approaches on the same subject
a collaborative effort of hundreds of people from dozens matter because the editors frequently sought overlapping
of countries, we have tried to cover every conceivable information presented from different points of view. We
topic of interest to people in every walk of life, be they are confident that most people will find their needs met.
students, researchers, professionals, or just plain folks Through this encyclopedia, which is the most compre-
with an intellectual curiosity about our elixir of life. hensive effort ever undertaken on behalf of this most
We are concerned in this volume with the actual important subject, we hope that we will collectively make
delivery of water to the home by the home owner a contribution that will enhance the distribution and use
(subjects include disinfection, corrosion control, nitrates, of our water supplies in ever safer and more efficient ways.
gray water, septic tanks, and windmills), from the
municipal supplier (and their challenges, including Jay Lehr
distribution, filtration, zebra mussels, reverse osmosis, Jack Keeley
ix
PREFACE
Cities, towns, states, and nations must manage their water attitudes and biases harbored in different regions and
resources wisely from both a quality and a quantitative how they affect scientific and regulatory outcomes.
perspective. The editors cannot imagine what has been left out, but
If we do otherwise and manage them with a narrow we know of course that readers will at times come up
perspective, the public’s needs will not be adequately met. short of finding an exact match to a problem they face.
In this volume of the Water Encyclopedia, authors from We hope they will contact us at our website and allow
around the world have described a myriad of problems us the opportunity of adding additional subjects to our
relating to individual water bodies as well as to geographic encyclopedia. At the same time, the reader will understand
water resources and their management dilemmas. that many subjects in the area of water quality may have
Humans and other living creatures contribute to our been addressed in our Surface Water category. It was
water quality problems. Neither can be fully controlled. often difficult to determine where an investigator would
Even the nature of contaminant sources and programs be more likely to look for a piece of information. (The
for their elimination can be difficult to design. This complete index of all five volumes appears in the Ground
volume contains the best and brightest ideas and case Water volume as well as on our website.)
studies relating to the areas of water quality and resource We trust all users of this encyclopedia will find it
management problems. detailed, informative, and interesting. Not only are a
Quality problems deal with a diverse suite of subjects wide range of subjects treated, but authors choose varying
ranging widely from acid mine drainage to biosorption, approaches to presenting their data to readers who may be
colloids, eutrophication, protozoa, and recalcitrant com- professionals, students, researchers, as well as individuals
pounds. Resource management features drought stud- simply satisfying their intellectual curiosity. We hope we
ies, flood control, river basin management, perennial are successfully serving all of these populations in some
overdraft, water banking, and a host of other sub- useful way.
jects.
The perspective of scientists from nearly every Jay Lehr
continent of the world offers a truly catholic view of Jack Keeley
ix
PREFACE
Surface water and agricultural water are uniquely Discourses on surface water would not be complete
associated as they provide many of our basic needs, without articles related to fish. Accordingly, we have
including food and fiber, power, transportation, and included articles on fish growth, fisheries, fishponds,
recreation. Like other volumes in the Water Encyclopedia, and the use of fish scales in toxicological studies
we have selected articles as varied in content as they are in as examples.
technical sophistication. To this end, the reader will also Another vital area of study in this volume is perhaps
recognize that single topics are occasionally duplicated at best described as the practical side. These areas are of
varying levels of scientific acumen. less esoteric origins, including salt tolerance of plants,
Articles are also provided that demonstrate that surface irrigation wells, weed control, tile drains, and moisture
and agricultural water are associated in yet another way: content in to agriculture. Similar topics in surface water
They must be used efficiently and protected to assure include riparian systems, reservoir design, wetlands,
their productiveness far into the future. For example, lakes, levees, and the unit hydrograph.
agricultural water use efficiency is discussed from several Finally, and appropriately, this volume of the Water
viewpoints with respect to irrigation technology. River Encyclopedia contains articles on specific water bodies
basin planning is approached in diverse ways, including and the consequences of their being. Included are
stream classifications, watershed hydrology, modeling, the Aral Sea, the Ganga River of India, the Great
erosion control, and water conservation. Lakes, and the Yellow River in China, only to name
We have necessarily included articles addressing issues a few. Here, too, the association of surface water and
of quality with respect to both surface and agricultural agricultural water are reinforced. This volume presents
water. In addition to an assessment of pollution outflow an important segment of the topic of water. We believe
from agricultural areas, the quality of reclaimed irrigation that the reader’s educational pursuits will be well met by
is addressed from both chemical and microbial stand- its contents.
points. Watershed areas are examined according to their
contribution and vulnerability to contamination, flooding, Jay Lehr
sediment transport, and trace elements. Jack Keeley
ix
PREFACE
No natural molecule on the planet is more fascinating than But water has a wonderful human face as well. We
water. It has unique properties ranging from the unusual have reached around the world to describe the history
angles formed between its two hydrogen ions and its single of water and its role in the development of civilizations
oxygen molecule, to the fact that unlike most substances, it and the many beliefs held about it. As society developed,
expands when it freezes rather than shrinks and reaches the distribution of water needed supervision, which lead
a maximum density as a liquid 4◦ F above its freezing to a wide variety of water laws we have attempted to
point. These and many other aspects of the special physics categorize and describe in an interesting and meaningful
and chemistry are described in this volume, including the way.
impact of a wide variety of chemicals occurring in water, We are equally proud of our open-minded effort to
osmosis, diffusion, hydration, isotope exchange, along with describe the role that water has played in art and culture.
the fun physics of the mariotte bottle. We have attempted not be judgmental, with stories of
Equally fascinating are the many unusual physical and water forms and water intelligence along with some
chemical encounters in both the ocean and the atmosphere. medical theories and, of course, the wonderful descriptions
Although oceanography and meteorology are frequently of early water clocks. This volume is a true intellectual
considered separate sciences from hydrology, their limited cornucopia of water in the life of humankind on a
inclusion in the Water Encyclopedia was deemed necessary personal level.
to tell the complete story. Tidal changes, benthic nutrients, We are confident that in the coming years and editions
the sea floor, el nino, sea level, and ocean/climate of the Water Encyclopedia, this volume will expand with
relationships make up but a few of the oceans fascinating more participation from individuals working in unusual
stories, whereas water spouts, hurricanes, monsoons, fields relating to water.
droughts, sublimation, and barometric efficiency just touch
the tip of what this volume has in store in the area of Jay Lehr
meteorology. Jack Keeley
ix
PREFACE
Throughout history, groundwater has played a major role from many American scholars, equally superb writings
in providing the resource needs of the world. It accounts from such diverse countries as England, Nigeria, India,
for 97% of the world’s freshwater and serves as the base Iran, Thailand, and Greece are provided.
flow for all streams, springs, and rivers. In the United As the origins of the selected articles are diverse, so
States, one half of the population relies on groundwater are the subjects of discussion. Along with straightforward
for its drinking water and is the sole source of supply for descriptions of basic groundwater concepts (drawdown
20 of the 100 largest cities. Well over 90% of rural America around pumping wells, hydraulic head, field capacity, and
is totally dependent on groundwater. An inventory of the flow), the reader is introduced to more complex subjects
total groundwater resources in the United States can be (isotope technologies, aquifer tests, in situ remediation,
visualized as being equal to the flow of the Mississippi tritium dating, modeling, and geophysical properties).
River at Vicksburg for a period of 250 years. There are also articles for more practical applications (well
One of the first groundwater scientists was a French maintenance, subsurface drainage, nitrate contamination,
engineer who was in charge of public drinking water tracer tests, well yields, and drilling technologies). Of
in Dijon. In 1856, Henri Darcy conducted experiments course, for the more fanciful reader, we have selected
and published mathematical expressions describing the articles that remind us of the way windmills sounded
flow of water through sand filters. His work remains one at night, the ancient use of qanats in Persia to provide
of the cornerstones of today’s groundwater hydrologists. sustainable groundwater resources, and the development
At about the same time, a Connecticut court ruled that of Darcy’s Law.
the influences of groundwater movement are so secret, In the end, we feel that the information provided
changeable, and uncontrollable that they could not be will afford an educational home for readers approaching
subject to regulations of law, nor to a system of rules, as the Water Encyclopedia from a variety of needs as well
had been done with surface streams. as different levels of scientific acumen. We are also
In this volume of the Water Encyclopedia, we have confident that many readers will simply be expanding
attempted to erase the ignorance that existed in the their knowledge base by these sets of enjoyable reading.
early years of groundwater science by presenting the most
current knowledge on the subject as provided by authors Jay Lehr
from around the globe. In addition to excellent articles Jack Keeley
ix
ACKNOWLEGMENTS
The editors of this encyclopedia wish to acknowledge two every problem. His interaction with contributors and his
special people without whose assistance this enormous knowledge of the publishing process offered us the security
undertaking could not have been initiated, administered, and comfort required to persevere through the four years
or completed. required to complete this work. We will forever be in his
Bob Esposito, Executive Editor, placed the project debt.
before us and convinced us it would be as exciting and
rewarding as time has proved. Jay Lehr
Jonathan T. Rose, Editorial Program Coordinator, was Jack Keeley
the true backbone of our team. His warm, accommodating, Janet Lehr
and skillful management helped us overcome each and Thomas B. Kingery III
xi
CONTRIBUTORS
Segun Michael Ade Adelana, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Robert Bruce, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati,
Nigeria, Water and Human Health, Nitrate Health Effects Ohio, Health Effects of Microbial Contaminants and Biotoxins in
Franklin Agardy, Forensic Management Association, San Mateo, Drinking Water, Health Effects of Commonly Occurring Disinfection
California, Chemical Drinking Water Standards, Past, Present, and Byproducts in Municipal Water Supplies
Future Charlie Bryce, Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom,
Rasheed Ahmad, Khafra Engineering Consultants, Atlanta, Georgia, Fil- The Arsenic Drinking Water Crisis in Bangladesh
tration With Granular Media, Hydraulic Design of Water Distribution Mario O. Buenfil-Rodriguez, National University of Mexico & Mexican
Storage Tanks, Ozone With Activated Carbon for Drinking Water Treat- Institute of Water Technology, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, Public Water
ment, Particulate Removal, Filtration Water Treatment, Particulate Supply World, Water Distribution System Operation, Water Meter
Matter Removal by Filtration and Sedimentation, Synthetic and Natural Zia Bukhari, American Water, Quality Control and Research Laboratory,
Organic Removal by Biological Filtration, Water Filtration, Floccula- Belleville, Illinois, Potential Risks of Waterborne Transmission of
tion, Gravity Separation/Sedimentation, Particulate Matter Removal Escherichia coli O157:H7, Measuring Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocyst
by Coagulation, Dechlorination, Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, Inactivation Following Disinfection With Ultraviolet Light
Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse Treatment Technology Michael A. Butkus, United States Military Academy, West Point, New
Julia E. Aizpún de Moreno, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, York, Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Mar del Plata, Argentina, Macrophytes as Biomonitors of Polychlorinated D. Butler, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Gray Water Reuse
Biphenyls in Households
Imram Ali, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India, Wastewater Rebecca L. Calderon, Ph.D., National Health and Environmental
Treatment and Recycling Technologies Effects Laboratory Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Improving
George R. Alther, Biomin, Inc., Ferndale, Michigan, The Role of Waterborne Disease Surveillance
Organoclay in Water Cleanup Christine M. Carey, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,
Pietro Argurio, Universita della Calabria, Rende, Italy, Ultrafiltra- Molecular-Based Detection of Cryptosporidium Parvum in Water
tion—Complexation in Wastewater Treatment Peter S. Cartwright, P.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota, Water Reuse
Scott Arthur, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Frank J. Castaldi, Brown and Caldwell, Austin, Texas, Degradation of
Kingdom, Roof Drainage Hydraulics Chloro-Organics and Hydrocarbons, Aqueous Behavior of Elements in a
Samuel C. Ashworth, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Flue Gas Desulfurization Sludge Disposal Site
Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Frédéric J.F. Chagnon, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cam-
Water Treatment in Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage, Hydrocarbon bridge, Massachusetts, Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment of
Treatment Techniques, Metal Speciation and Mobility as Influenced Wastewater
by Landfill Disposal Practices Chavalit Chaliraktrakul, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thai-
Kwok-Keung Au, Greeley and Hansen, Chicago, Illinois, Removal of land, A Real-Time Hydrological Information System for Cities
Pathogenic Bacteria, Viruses, and Protozoa, Granular Bed and Precoat Lena Ciric, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Oxford, United Kingdom,
Filtration Molecular Biology Tools for Monitoring Biodiversity in Wastewater
Ann Azadpour-Keeley, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Treatment Plants
Ada, Oklahoma, Virus Transport in the Subsurface Gunther F. Craun, P.E., M.P.H., D.E.E., Gunther F. Craun and Asso-
Christine L. Bean, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New ciates, Staunton, Virginia, Improving Waterborne Disease Surveillance
Hampshire, Giardiasis James Crocker, Richland, Washington, Radioactive Waste
Asbjorn Bergheim, RF-Rogaland Research, Stavanger, Norway, Waste Sukumar Devotta, Environmental Genomics Unit, National Environ-
Treatment in Fish Farms mental Engineering, Research Institute, CSIR, Nagpur, India, Water
Vipin Bhardwaj, NDWC Engineering Scientist, Diatomaceous Earth Security: An Emerging Issue
Filtration for Drinking Water, Reservoirs, Towers, and Tanks Drinking John E. Dodes, Forest Hills, New York, Fluoridation
Water Storage Facilities, Pumps, Water Meters, Preventing Well L. Donald Duke, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, Effluent
Contamination, Cross Connection and Backflow Prevention, Repairing Limitations and the NPDES Permit
Distribution Line Breaks Timothy J. Downs, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, Munici-
William J. Blanford, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, pal Watersheds, Integrated Capacity Building Needs for Water Supply
Review of Parasite Fate and Transport in Karstic Aquifers and Wastewater Sanitation
C. Blöcher, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany, Application of Jorg E. Drewes, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, Wastewater
Microfiltration to Industrial Wastewaters Reclamation and Reuse Research
Patrick Bond, Kensington, South Africa, The Economics of Water James B. Duncan, Kennewick, Washington, Aqueous Reactions of Specific
Resources Allocation Organic Compounds with Ozone
T.R. Bott, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United King- María-del-Carmen Durán-de-Bazúa, UNAM, National Autonomous
dom, Industrial Cooling Water—Scale Formation, Industrial Cooling University of Mexico, México D.F., México, Sugarcane Industry
Water—Corrosion, Industrial Cooling Water—Biofouling, Energy Dis- Wastewaters Treatment, Use of Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment Systems
sipation for Maize Processing Plants
Jeanine L. Boulter-Bitzer, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, C. Erickson, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, Land
Canada, Molecular-Based Detection of Cryptosporidium Parvum in Applications of Wastewater in Arid Lands: Theory and Case Studies
Water T. Erwe, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany, Application of
Brenda Boutin, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincin- Microfiltration to Industrial Wastewaters, Bonding of Toxic Metal Ions
nati, Ohio, Health Effects of Microbial Contaminants and Biotoxins in Susan L. Franklin, Tetra Tech MPS, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Consumer
Drinking Water, Health Effects of Commonly Occurring Disinfection Confidence Reports
Byproducts in Municipal Water Supplies From Drinking Water Regulation and Health, Wiley 2003, 1962 U.S.
Jacqueline Brabants, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Public Health Service Standards
Hampshire, Cryptosporidium Floyd J. Frost, Ph.D., The Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico,
Alexander Brinker, Fischereiforschungsstelle des Landes Baden- Improving Waterborne Disease Surveillance
Württemberg, Langenargen, Germany, Waste Treatment in Fish Farms Michael H. Gerardi, Linden, Pennsylvania, Microbial Foaming in
B.M. Brouckaert, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa, Key Causes the Activated Sludge Process, Biological Phosphorus Removal in the
of Drinking Water Quality Failure in a Rural Small Water Supply of Activated Sludge Process, Nitrification in the Activated Sludge Process,
South Africa Denitrification in The Activated Sludge Process
xiii
xiv CONTRIBUTORS
Sanjiv Gokhale, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, Basics Mark W. LeChevallier, American Water, Voorhees, New Jersey,
of Underground Water and Sewer Pipeline Assessment, Repair, Microbiological Concerns of Drinking Water Distribution Systems,
and Rehabilitation, Trenchless Repair and Rehabilitation Techniques, Potential Risks of Waterborne Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7
Problems Encountered During Pipe Repair and Renewal Hung Lee, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Molecular-
Janusz Guziur, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Based Detection of Cryptosporidium Parvum in Water
Poland, Role of Small Water Reservoirs in Environment Gatze Lettinga, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wagenin-
Donald R.F. Harleman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cam- gen, The Netherlands, Anaerobic Sewage Treatment
bridge, Massachusetts, Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment of Srinivasa Lingireddy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,
Wastewater Design of Water Distribution Systems
Arnim R.H. Hertle, GHD Pty Ltd, Wembley, Washington, Australia, Fine Gerasimos Lyberatos, University of Patras, Patras, Greece, Nitrification
Bubble Diffused Air Aeration Systems, Aeration of Potable Water Using Trickling Filters
James Higgins, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, Threat Agents and Bruce A. Macler, Toxicologist, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Water Biosecurity San Francisco, California, Application of Risk Assessments in Crafting
Arthur M. Holst, Philadelphia Water Department, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- Drinking Water Regulations
vania, Windmills N. Makala, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, Assessing the
Robert M. Hordon, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, Bottled Bactericidal Efficiency of Polydex for the Disinfection of Drinking Water
Water in Rural Areas of South Africa, Key Causes of Drinking Water Quality
Failure in a Rural Small Water Supply of South Africa
Marsha A. Hosner, DHI, Newtown, Pennsylvania, Approaches for
Babalola Makinde-Odusola, Public Utilities, Riverside, California, Well
Securing a Water Distribution System
Head Protection, Drinking Water Quality Standards (DWQS)-United
Look Hulshoff Pol, Lettinga Associates Foundation, Wageningen, The
States
Netherlands, Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment
Joe D. Manous, Jr., United States Military Academy, West Point, New
M. Eng Nguyen Quang Hung, Asian Institute of Technology, York, Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Pathumthani, Thailand, A Real-Time Hydrological Information System
Ole Mark, DHI Water and Environment, Hørsholm, Denmark, A Real-Time
for Cities
Hydrological Information System for Cities
Herbert Inhaber, Risk Concepts, Las Vegas, Nevada, Water Use in Energy
Kostas A. Matis, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece, Bonding
Production
of Toxic Metal Ions, Application of Microfiltration to Industrial
Enos C. Inniss, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Use of Redox Wastewaters, Flotation as A Separation Process
Potentials in Wastewater Treatment Paul Mavros, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece, Mixing and
Th. A. Ioannidis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Agitation in Water Treatment Systems
Greece, Solidification/Stabilization of Hazardous Solid Wastes V. Mavrov, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany, Application of
Irena B. Ivshina, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, Microbial Microfiltration to Industrial Wastewaters, Bonding of Toxic Metal Ions
Foaming and Bulking in Activated Sludge Plants Steve Maxwell, TechKNOWLEDGEy Strategic Group,Boulder, Colorado,
James A. Jacobs, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley, Califor- Ten Key Trends That Will Shape the Future of the World Water Industry,
nia, Water Impacts from Construction Sites The State of the Water Industry—2004
Kauser Jahan, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, Detergents Kevin S. McLeary, Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmental Protection,
C.K. Jain, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India, Wastewater Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Wastewater Treatment Processes and Water
Treatment and Recycling Technologies Reuse, Domestic Sewage
H.A. Jenner, KEMA Power Generation and Sustainables, Arnhem, The Sue McLeod, William Forrest and Sons, Omoa Works, Newarthill,
Netherlands, Chlorine and Chlorine Residuals Motherwell, United Kingdom, Odor Abatement in Wastewater Treatment
Dick de Jong, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, Delft, Plants
The Netherlands, Multistage Filtration: An Innovative Water Treatment Fayyaz A. Memon, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Gray
Technology Water Reuse in Households
Mohammad R. Karim, American Water, Quality Control and Research Mirta L. Menone, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata,
Laboratory, Belleville, Illinois, Microbiological Concerns of Drinking Argentina and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Water Distribution Systems (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina, Macrophytes as Biomonitors of
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
A. Katsoyiannis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki,
Greece, The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in The Chris Metzgar, Graphic Designer, Reservoirs, Towers, and Tanks
Wastewater Treatment Process Drinking Water Storage Facilities
I. Katsoyiannis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, J.G. Mexal, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, Land
Applications of Wastewater in Arid Lands: Theory and Case Studies
Technologies for Arsenic Removal from Contaminated Water Sources
C. Mfenyana, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, Inadequate
Absar A. Kazmi, Department of Civil Engineering, Roorkee, Uttaranchal,
Treatment of Wastewater: A Source of Coliform Bacteria in Receiving
India, Water and Wastewater Properties and Characteristics, Reclaimed
Surface Water Bodies in Developing Countries—Case Study: Eastern
Water, Sewage, Wastewater Characterization
Cape Province of South Africa
Jack W. Keeley, Environmental Engineer, Ada, Oklahoma, Virus
Z. Michael Lahlou, Technical Assistance Consultant, Water Quality in
Transport in the Subsurface
Distribution Systems
Jaehong Kim, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia,
Karina S.B. Miglioranza, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata,
Municipal Water Supply: Ozonation
Mar del Plata, Argentina and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
K. Thomas Klasson, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina, Macrophytes
Tennessee, Mercury Removal From Complex Waste Waters as Biomonitors of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Jeff Kuo, Cerritos, California, Air Stripping Mel Mirliss J., International Diatomite Producers Association, Diatoma-
Maria S. Kuyukina, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, ceous Earth Filtration for Drinking Water
Microbial Foaming and Bulking in Activated Sludge Plants M. S. Mohan Kumar, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,
Zacharia Michael Lahlou, Technical Assistance Consultant, Valves, Modeling Chlorine Residuals in Urban Water Distribution Systems
Water Hammer, Point-of-Use/Point-of-Entry Systems (POU/POE), Leak Dinesh Mohan, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India, Granular
Detection and Water Loss Control, System Control and Data Acquisition Activated Carbon, Competitive Adsorption of Several Organics and
(SCADA) Heavy Metals on Activated Carbon in Water
Guenter Langergraber, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and T. C. Molden, Magnatech Corporation, Fort Wayne, Indiana, Zebra Mussel
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Ecological Wastewater Manage- Control Without Chemicals
ment, Wastewater Treatment—Small Scale, Constructed Wetlands Raffaele Molinari, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy, Pho-
Lars Chr Larsen, DHI Water and Environment, Hørsholm, Denmark, A tocatalytic Membrane Reactors in Water Purification, Ultrafiltra-
Real-Time Hydrological Information System for Cities tion—Complexation in Wastewater Treatment
CONTRIBUTORS xv
M.N.B. Momba, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, Key Causes Nicholas J. Pokorny, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,
of Drinking Water Quality Failure in a Rural Small Water Supply Molecular-Based Detection of Cryptosporidium Parvum in Water
of South Africa, Assessing the Bactericidal Efficiency of Polydex for Kelly Pollack, University of California, Irvine, California, Pharmaceuti-
the Disinfection of Drinking Water in Rural Areas of South Africa, cals in Water Systems
Inadequate Treatment of Wastewater: A Source of Coliform Bacteria in Christopher Polley, William Forrest and Sons, Omoa Works, Newarthill,
Receiving Surface Water Bodies in Developing Countries—Case Study: Motherwell, United Kingdom, Odor Abatement in Wastewater Treatment
Eastern Cape Province of South Africa Plants
John E. Moore, Hydrologic Consultant, Denver, Colorado, Septic Tank Rathnavel Ponnuswami, CARE2, Redwood City, California, Water
Systems Hammer: Quantitative Causes and Effects
Víctor J. Moreno, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Prakhar Prakash, Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Argentina, Macrophytes as Biomonitors of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Pennsylvania, Selective Coagulant Recovery from Water Treatment
Chandrika Moudgal, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Plant Residuals Using the Domain Membrane Process
Cincinnati, Ohio, Health Effects of Microbial Contaminants and C.A. Prochaska, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki,
Biotoxins in Drinking Water, Health Effects of Commonly Occurring Greece, Municipal Storm Water Management, Combined Sewer Overflow
Disinfection Byproducts in Municipal Water Supplies Treatment
G. R. Munavalli, Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli, India, Hemant J. Purohit, Environmental Genomics Unit, National Environ-
Modeling Chlorine Residuals in Urban Water Distribution Systems mental Engineering, Research Institute, CSIR, Nagpur, India, Water
Michael Muntisov, GHD Pty Ltd., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Guide Security: An Emerging Issue
to Selection of Water Treatment Processes S. Rajagopal, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
Susan Murcott, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Chlorine and Chlorine Residuals
Massachusetts, Household Drinking Water Treatment and Safe Storage D. Ramalingam, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, Design of
Water Distribution Systems
National Drinking Water Clearinghouse, Treatment for Technologies
for Small Drinking Water Systems, Disinfection, Filtration, Corrosion Niranjanie Ratnayake, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka,
Control, Ion Exchange and Demineralization, Organic Removal, Water Disinfection Using UV Radiation—A Sri Lankan Experience
Package Plants, Water Treatment Plant Residuals Management, Lime Eugene R. Reahl, Ionics, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, Answering the
Softening, Iron and Manganese Removal, Water Conservation Measures, Challenge
Membrane Filtration, Ozone, Radionuclides, Slow Sand Filtration, Robin J. Reash, American Electric Power, Water & Ecological Resource
Ultraviolet Disinfection Services, Columbus, Ohio, Electric Generating Plants—Effects of
Abid M. Nasser, Water Quality Research Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Contaminants
Tel-Aviv, Israel, Persistence of Pathogens in Water Bethany Reed, NESC Graphic Designer, Pumps, Cross Connection and
Louis H. Nel, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa, Backflow Prevention
Emerging Waterborne Infectious Diseases Steven J. Renzetti, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada,
Economics of Residential Water Demands, Economics of Industrial Water
Robert Y. Ning, King Lee Technologies, San Diego, California, Reverse
Demands
Osmosis, Membrane Foulants, Arsenic in Natural Waters, Reverse
Osmosis, Process Chemistry, Reverse Osmosis, Membrane Cleaning Susan Richardson, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,, What is in
Our Drinking Water?
Office of Water—United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Ingrid Ritchie, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis,
EPA’s National Pretreatment Program, 1973–2003: Thirty Years of
Indiana, Magnetic Water Conditioning
Protecting The Environment
Paul D. Robillard, World Water Watch, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
Oladele Ogunseitan, University of California, Irvine, California,
Methods of Reducing Radon in Drinking Water
Pharmaceuticals in Water Systems
D.S. Rodriguez, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico,
A. Okeyo, Programme Unit of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
Land Applications of Wastewater in Arid Lands: Theory and Case Studies
of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, Assessing the Bactericidal Efficiency of
Stephen J. Rooklidge, Aurora, Oregon, Multistage Drinking Water
Polydex for the Disinfection of Drinking Water in Rural Areas of South
Filtration, Slow Sand Filtration and the Impact of Schmutzdecke
Africa
David L. Russell, Global Environmental Operations, Inc., Lilburn,
Daniel A. Okun, (from Drinking Water Regulation and Health, Wiley 2003)
Georgia, Introduction to Wastewater Modeling and Treatment Plant
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Drinking
Design, Practical Applications of Wastewater Modeling and Treatment
Water and Public Health Protection
Plant Design
Lindell E. Ormsbee, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, Design
Z. Samani, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, Land
of Water Distribution Systems
Applications of Wastewater in Arid Lands: Theory and Case Studies
Aisling D. O’Sullivan, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland, Petros Samaras, Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute,
Using Ecosystem Processes in a Constructed Wetland to Treat Mine Thermi-Thessaloniki, Greece, Landfill Leachates: Part 2: Treatment,
Wastewater in Ireland Landfill Leachates, Part I: Origin and Characterization
Marinus L. Otte, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland, Using Technological Educational Institute of West Macedonia, Kozani, Greece
Ecosystem Processes in a Constructed Wetland to Treat Mine Evaluation of Toxic Properties of Industrial Effluents by on-Line
Wastewater in Ireland Respirometry
David Lloyd Owen, Envinsager, Llangoedmor, Ceredigion, United C. Samara, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,
Kingdom, Private Sector Participation, Marketing and Corporate The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in The Wastewater
Strategies in Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Treatment Process
L. Palmisano, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy, Photocatalytic T. Sammis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, Land
Membrane Reactors in Water Purification Applications of Wastewater in Arid Lands: Theory and Case Studies
E.N. Peleka, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Hellas, Bonding of Toxic Charles H. Sanderson, Magnatech Corporation, Fort Wayne, Indiana,
Metal Ions Zebra Mussel Control Without Chemicals, Physical Water Conditioning
Jim Philp, Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, Zane Satterfield, NDWC Engineering Scientists, Water Meters
The Arsenic Drinking Water Crisis in Bangladesh, Odor Abatement in Lucas Seghezzo, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wagenin-
Wastewater Treatment Plants, Molecular Biology Tools for Monitoring gen, The Netherlands, Anaerobic Sewage Treatment
Biodiversity in Wastewater Treatment Plants, Landfill Arup K. SenGupta, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania,
Laurel Phoenix, Green Bay, Wisconsin, Extraterritorial Land Use Control Selective Coagulant Recovery from Water Treatment Plant Residuals
to Protect Water Supplies Using the Domain Membrane Process
G. Picchioni, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, Land William E. Sharpe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Applications of Wastewater in Arid Lands: Theory and Case Studies Pennsylvania, Methods of Reducing Radon in Drinking Water
xvi CONTRIBUTORS
M. Siddiqui, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, Ultraviolet Raghuraman Venkatapathy, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and
Irradiation, Ozone–Bromide Interactions Education, Cincinnati, Ohio, Health Effects of Microbial Contaminants
Kunwar P. Singh, Dinesh Mohan and Kunwar P. Singh, Gomti Nagar, and Biotoxins in Drinking Water, Health Effects of Commonly
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh IndiaGranular Activated Carbon, Competitive Occurring Disinfection Byproducts in Municipal Water Supplies,
Adsorption of Several Organics and Heavy Metals on Activated Carbon Disinfectants
in Water V.P. Venugopalan, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, India, Chlorine and
Marin Slunjski, Orica Watercare, Regency Park, SA, Australia, Ion Chlorine Residuals
Exchange—Use of Magnetic Ion Exchange Resin For DOC Removal Roger C. Viadero Jr., West Virginia University, Morgantown, West
Jo Smet, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, Delft, The Virginia, Lime–Soda Ash Processes
Netherlands, Multistage Filtration: An Innovative Water Treatment Christian J. Volk, Indiana-American Water, Richmond, Indiana,
Technology Corrosion Control in Drinking Water Systems
Stuart A. Smith, Smith-Comeskey Ground Water Science LLC, Upper Constantin Von Der Heyden, School of Geography and the Environment,
Sandusky, Ohio, Evaluation of Microbial Components of Biofouling Oxford, United Kingdom, Industrial Mine Use: Mine Waste
Mervyn Smyth, Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Newtownabbey, Nikolay Voutchkov, Poseidon Resources Corporation, Stamford, Con-
United Kingdom, Domestic Solar Water Heaters necticut, Desalination, Settling Tanks
Muhammad Sohail, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Sutat Weesakul, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand,
Kingdom, Domestic Water Supply—Public–Private Partnership A Real-Time Hydrological Information System for Cities
Ludovico Spinosa, National Research Council, BARI, Italy, Sludge Uruya Weesakul, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand, A
Treatment and Disposal Real-Time Hydrological Information System for Cities
Fiona M. Stainsby James C. Philp Sandra Dunbar, Napier University, Janice Weihe, American Water, Quality Control and Research Laboratory,
Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, Microbial Foaming and Bulking Belleville, Illinois, Potential Risks of Waterborne Transmission of
in Activated Sludge Plants Escherichia coli O157:H7
Bradley A. Striebig, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington, Sewer- June Weintraub, City and County of San Francisco, Department of Public
age Odors—How to Control Health, San Francisco, California, Disinfectants
Patrick Sullivan, Forensic Management Association, San Mateo, Andy Whiteley, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Oxford, United
California, Chemical Drinking Water Standards, Past, Present, and Kingdom, Molecular Biology Tools for Monitoring Biodiversity in
Future Wastewater Treatment Plants
Bryan R. Swistock, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Dan Wolz, City of Wyoming, Michigan, Wyoming, Michigan, Getting Our
Pennsylvania, Methods of Reducing Radon in Drinking Water Clean Water Act Together
David J. Tonjes, Cashin Associates, PC, Hauppauge, New York, New York Don J. Wood, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, Design of
City Harbor Survey Water Distribution Systems
Jack T. Trevors, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Grant Wright, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United
Molecular-Based Detection of Cryptosporidium Parvum in Water Kingdom, Roof Drainage Hydraulics
Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece, J. Michael Wright, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mas-
Wastewater Management for Developing Countries sachusetts, Disinfectants
Izrail S. Turoviskiy, Izrail S. Turoviskiy, Jacksonville, FloridaProcessing W. Zachritz II, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico,
of Sludge, Biosolids, Wastewater Sludge Land Applications of Wastewater in Arid Lands: Theory and Case Studies
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency—Office of Wastewa- B. Zani, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, Key Causes of
ter Management, What Wastewater Utilities Can Do Now to Guard Drinking Water Quality Failure in a Rural Small Water Supply of South
Against Terrorist and Security Threats, Africa
U.S. Geological Survey, Estimated Use of Water in The United States in Grietje Zeeman, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wagenin-
1990 Industrial Water Use, Source Water Assessment, gen, The Netherlands, Anaerobic Sewage Treatment
Miguel A. Valenzuela, Instituto Politecnico Nacional—ESIQIE. MEX- Anastasios Zouboulis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki,
ICO,, Wastewater Treatment Techniques—Advanced Greece, Landfill Leachates: Part 2: Treatment, Landfill Leachates,
G. van der Velde, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Part I: Origin and Characterization, Solidification/Stabilization of
Netherlands, Chlorine and Chlorine Residuals Hazardous Solid Wastes, Municipal Storm Water Management,
D.V. Vayenas, University of Ioannina, Agrinio, Greece, Nitrification of Combined Sewer Overflow Treatment, Technologies for Arsenic Removal
Potable Water Using Trickling Filters from Contaminated Water Sources
CONTRIBUTORS
Absar Alum, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, Water Quality Joanna Davies, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom, The
Management in the U.S.: History of Water Regulation Control of Algal Populations in Eutrophic Water Bodies
Mohammad N. Almasri, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Maria B. Davoren, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland,
Palestine, Best Management Practices for Water Resources Luminescent Bacterial Biosensors for the Rapid Detection of Toxicants
Linda S. Andrews, Mississippi State University, Biloxi, Mississippi, T.A. Delvalls, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Cádiz, Spain,
Shellfish Growing Water Classification, Chlorine Residual Biomarkers and Bioaccumulation: Two Lines of Evidence to Assess
Hannah Aoyagi, University of California, Irvine, California, Cytochrome Sediment Quality, A Weight of Evidence Approach to Characterize
P450 Monooxygenase as an Indicator of PCB/Dioxin-Like Compounds in Sediment Quality Using Laboratory and Field Assays: An Example
Fish For Spanish Coasts
Robert Artinger, TÜV Industrie Service GmbH, München, Germany, Nicolina Dias, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Braga, Portugal, Ciliated
Column Experiments in Saturated Porous Media Studying Contaminant Protists as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessment
Transport Galina Dimitrieva-Moats, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, Microbial
Mukand Singh Babel, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thai- Detection of Various Pollutants as an Early Warning System for
land, Conservation of Water, Integrated Water Resources Management Monitoring of Water Quality and Ecological Integrity of Natural
(IWRM) Resources, in Russia
Mark Bailey, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology–Oxford, Oxford, United Halanaik Diwakara, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia,
Kingdom, Bioluminescent Biosensors for Toxicity Testing Water Markets in India: Economic and Institutional Aspects
Shimshon Balanson, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, Francis G. Doherty, AquaTox Research, Inc., Syracuse, New York, The
Macrophytes as Biomonitors of Trace Metals Submitochondrial Particle Assay as a Biological Monitoring Tool
Antonia A. Donta, University of Münster, Centre for Environmental
Christine L. Bean, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New
Research, Münster, Germany, Sustainable Water Management On
Hampshire, Protozoa in Water
Mediterranean Islands: Research and Education
Jennifer Bell, Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Biolumi-
Timothy J. Downs, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, Field
nescent Biosensors for Toxicity Testing
Sampling and Monitoring of Contaminants, State and Regional Water
Lieven Bervoets, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Active
Supply, Water Resource Sustainability: Concepts and Practices
Biomonitoring (ABM) by Translocation of Bivalve Molluscs
Hiep N. Duc, Environment Protection Authority, NSW, Bankstown, New
J.M. Blasco, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucı́a, Cádiz, Spain, A
South Wales Australia, Urban Water Resource and Management in Asia:
Weight of Evidence Approach to Characterize Sediment Quality Using Ho Chi Minh City
Laboratory and Field Assays: An Example For Spanish Coasts
Suzanne Du Vall Knorr, Ventura County Environmental Health Division,
Ronny Blust, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Active Biomoni- Ventura, California, Regulatory and Security Requirements for Potable
toring (ABM) by Translocation of Bivalve Molluscs Water
Marta Bryce, CEPIS/PAHO, Delft, The Netherlands, Flood of Portals on Sandra Dunbar, Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,
Water Bioluminescent Biosensors for Toxicity Testing
Mario O. Buenfil-Rodriguez, National University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Diane Dupont, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada,
Morelos, Mexico, Water Use Conservation and Efficiency Valuing Water Resources
Jacques Buffle, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Colloids and Michael P. Dziewatkoski, Mettler-Toledo Process Analytical, Woburn,
Dissolved Organics: Role in Membrane and Depth Filtration Massachusetts, pH
Zia Bukhari, American Water, Belleville, Illinois, Understanding Energy Information Administration—Department of Energy,
Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and the Need for Rapid Detection in Water Hydropower—Energy from Moving Water
John Cairns, Jr., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Environment Canada, Water—Here, There, and Everywhere in Canada,
Blacksburg, Virginia, Microscale Test Relationships to Responses to Water Conservation—Every Drop Counts in Canada
Toxicants in Natural Systems Environmental Protection Agency, Water Recycling and Reuse: The
Michael J. Carvan III, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Environmental Benefits
Wisconsin, Genomic Technologies in Biomonitoring M. Eric Benbow, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
M.C. Casado-Martı́nez, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Road Salt
Cádiz, Spain, A Weight of Evidence Approach to Characterize Sediment Teresa W.-M. Fan, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky,
Quality Using Laboratory and Field Assays: An Example For Spanish Remediation and Bioremediation of Selenium-Contaminated Waters
Coasts Federal Emergency Management Agency, Food and Water in an
Tomás Ángel Del Valls Casillas, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain, Emergency
Amphipod Sediment Toxicity Tests, Development and Application of Huan Feng, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, Classifi-
Sediment Toxicity Test for Regulatory Purposes cation and Environmental Quality Assessment in Aquatic Environments
Teresa A. Cassel, University of California, Davis, California, Remediation N. Buceta Fernández, Centro de Estudios de Puertos y Costas, Madrid,
and Bioremediation of Selenium-Contaminated Waters Spain, A Weight of Evidence Approach to Characterize Sediment Quality
Augusto Cesar, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain, Amphipod Sediment Using Laboratory and Field Assays: An Example For Spanish Coasts
Toxicity Tests Peter D. Franzmann, CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, Australia,
K.W. Chau, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Microbial Activities Management
Hong Kong, Water Quality Models: Mathematical Framework Christian D. Frazar, Silver Spring, Maryland, Biodegradation
Paulo Chaves, Water Resources Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan, Rajiv Gandhi Chair, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,
Quality of Water in Storage Oil Pollution
Shankar Chellam, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, Bromide Suduan Gao, USDA–ARS, Parlier, California, Eh
Influence on Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Formation Horst Geckeis, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, Karlsruhe, Germany,
X. Chris Le, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Arsenic Metal Ion Humic Colloid Interaction
Compounds in Water Robert Gensemer, Parametrix, Corvallis, Oregon, Effluent Water
Russell N. Clayshulte, Aurora, Colorado, Water Quality Management in Regulations in Arid Lands
an Urban Landscape Mário Abel Gonçalves, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisoba,
Gail E. Cordy, U.S. Geological Survey, A Primer on Water Quality Lisoba, Portugal, Background Concentration of Pollutants
Rupali Datta, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Lead and its Neil S. Grigg, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, Planning
Health Effects and Managing Water Infrastructure, Drought and Water Supply
xi
xii CONTRIBUTORS
Management, Drought Management Planning, Water Infrastructure and Rebecca D. Klaper, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee,
Systems, Water Resources Management Wisconsin, Genomic Technologies in Biomonitoring
Håkan Håkanson, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden, Dishwashing Toshiharu Kojiri, Water Resources Research Center, Kyoto University,
Water Quality Properties Japan, Quality of Water in Storage
Carol J. Haley, Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Management Ken’ichirou Kosugi, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Lysimeter Soil
of Water Resources for Drought Conditions Water Sampling
M.G.J Hartl, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Manfred A. Lange, University of Münster, Centre for Environmental
Ireland, Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Tests for Research, Münster, Germany, Sustainable Water Management On
Regulatory Purposes Mediterranean Islands: Research and Education
Roy C. Haught, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Supply and Frédéric Lasserre, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada, Water
Water Resources: Distribution System Research Use in the United States
Joanne M. Hay, Lincoln Ventures, Ltd., Lincoln, New Zealand, N.K. Lazaridis, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece, Sorptive
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Other Organic Pollution Measures Filtration
Richard M. Higashi, University of California, Davis, California, Remedi- Jamie R. Lead, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,
ation and Bioremediation of Selenium-Contaminated Waters Trace Metal Speciation
A.Y. Hoekstra, UNESCO–IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The G. Fred Lee, G. Fred Lee & Associates, El Macero, California, Water
Netherlands, Globalization of Water Quality Aspects of Dredged Sediment Management, Municipal Solid
Charles D.D. Howard, Water Resources, Victoria, British Columbia, Waste Landfills—Water Quality Issues
Canada, River Basin Decisions Support Systems Terence R. Lee, Santiago, Chile, Water Markets: Transaction Costs and
Institutional Options, The Provision of Drinking Water and Sanitation
Margaret S. Hrezo, Radford University, Virginia, Management of Water
in Developing Countries, Spot Prices, Option Prices, and Water Markets,
Resources for Drought Conditions
Meeting Water Needs in Developing Countries with Tradable Rights
Enos C. Inniss, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Perchloroethy-
Markku J. Lehtola, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland,
lene (PCE) Removal
Microbiological Quality Control in Distribution Systems
James A. Jacobs, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley,
Gary G. Leppard, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, Ontario,
California, Emerging and Recalcitrant Compounds in Groundwater
Canada, Colloids and Dissolved Organics: Role in Membrane and Depth
Chakresh K. Jain, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India, Water
Filtration
Quality Management, Trace Element Contamination in Groundwater of
Mark LeChevallier, American Water, Voorhees, New Jersey, Understand-
District Hardwar, Uttaranchal, India, Ground Water Quality in Areas
ing Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and the Need for Rapid Detection in
Adjoining River Yamuna at Delhi, India, Irrigation Water Quality in
Water
Areas Adjoining River Yamuna At Delhi, India
Nelson Lima, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Braga, Portugal, Ciliated
Sanjay Kumar Jain, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India,
Protists as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessment
Remote Sensing and GIS Application in Water Resources
Maria Giulia Lionetto, Università di Lecce, Lecce, Italy, Metallothioneins
Sharad K. Jain, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttranchal,
as Indicators of Trace Metal Pollution
India, Water Resources of India
Jody W. Lipford, PERC, Bozeman, Montana, and Presbyterian College,
H.A. Jenner, KEMA Power Generation and Sustainables, Arnhem, The
Clinton, South Carolina, Averting Water Disputes
Netherlands, Dose-Response of Mussels to Chlorine
Baikun Li, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Iron
Y. Jiang, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Algal Bacteria, Microbial Dynamics of Biofilms, Microbial Forms in Biofouling
Toxins in Water Events
B. Ji, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Algal Toxins in Rongchao Li, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands,
Water Transboundary Water Conflicts in the Nile Basin, Institutional Aspects of
N. Jiménez-Tenorio, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Cádiz, Water Management in China, Flood Control History in the Netherlands
Spain, Biomarkers and Bioaccumulation: Two Lines of Evidence to Bryan Lohmar, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of
Assess Sediment Quality Agriculture, Will Water Scarcity Limit China’s Agricultural Potential?
Zhen-Gang Ji, Minerals Management Service, Herndon, Virginia, Water Inmaculada Riba López, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain, Amphipod
Quality Modeling—Case Studies, Water Quality Models: Chemical Sediment Toxicity Tests
Principles M.X. Loukidou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,
Erik Johansson, GS Development AB, Malmö, Sweden, Dishwashing Biosorption of Toxic Metals
Water Quality Properties Scott A. Lowe, Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York, Eutrophication
B. Thomas Johnson, USGS—Columbia Environmental Research Center, and Organic Loading
Columbia, Missouri, Monitoring Lipophilic Contaminants in the Aquatic G. Lyberatos, University of Ioannina, Agrinio, Greece, Cartridge Filters
Environment using the SPMD-TOX Paradigm for Iron Removal
Anne Jones-Lee, G. Fred Lee & Associates, El Macero, California, Water Kenneth M. Mackenthun, Arlington, Virginia, Water Quality
Quality Aspects of Dredged Sediment Management, Municipal Solid Tarun K. Mal, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, Macrophytes
Waste Landfills—Water Quality Issues as Biomonitors of Trace Metals
Dick de Jong, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, Delft, The Philip J. Markle, Whittier, California, Toxicity Identification Evaluation,
Netherlands, Flood of Portals on Water Whole Effluent Toxicity Controls
Jagath J. Kaluarachchi, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, Best James T. Markweise, Neptune and Company, Inc., Los Alamos,
Management Practices for Water Resources New Mexico, Assessment of Ecological Effects in Water-Limited
Atya Kapley, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Environments, Effluent Water Regulations in Arid Lands
CSIR, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India, Salmonella: Monitoring and Pertti J. Martikainen, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland, Microbio-
Detection in Drinking Water logical Quality Control in Distribution Systems
I. Katsoyiannis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, M.L. Martı́n-Dı́az, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucı́a, Cádiz,
Arsenic Health Effects Spain, A Weight of Evidence Approach to Characterize Sediment Quality
Absar A. Kazmi, Nishihara Environment Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Using Laboratory and Field Assays: An Example For Spanish Coasts,
Activated Carbon—Powdered, Chlorination Biomarkers and Bioaccumulation: Two Lines of Evidence to Assess
Keith O. Keplinger, Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Sediment Quality
Stephenville, Texas, The Economics of Water Quality Maria del Carmen Casado Martı́nez, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz,
Kusum W. Ketkar, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, Oil Spain, Amphipod Sediment Toxicity Tests
Pollution K.A. Matis, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece, Sorptive Filtration
Ganesh B. Keremane, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia, Lindsay Renick Mayer, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Harvesting Rainwater Maryland, NASA Helping to Understand Water Flow in the West
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
Mark C. Meckes, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Supply Krishna Ramanujan, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland,
and Water Resources: Distribution System Research NASA Helping to Understand Water Flow in the West
Richard W. Merritt, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Lucas Reijnders, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
Road Salt Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
Richard Meyerhoff, CDM, Denver, Colorado, Effluent Water Regulations Steven J. Renzetti, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada,
in Arid Lands Water Demand Forecasting, Water Pricing, Valuing Water Resources
J. Michael Wright, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mas- Martin Reuss, Office of History Headquarters U.S. Army Corps
sachusetts, Chlorination By-Products of Engineers, The Development of American Water Resources: Planners,
Cornelis J.H. Miermans, Institute for Inland Water Management and Politicians, and Constitutional Interpretation, The Expansion of Federal
Waste Water Treatment–RIZA, Lelystad, The Netherlands, SOFIE: An Water Projects
Optimized Approach for Exposure Tests and Sediment Assays I. Riba, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Cádiz, Spain,
Ilkka T. Miettinen, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland, Biomarkers and Bioaccumulation: Two Lines of Evidence to Assess
Microbiological Quality Control in Distribution Systems Sediment Quality, A Weight of Evidence Approach to Characterize
Dusan P. Miskovic, Northwood University, West Palm Beach, Florida, Sediment Quality Using Laboratory and Field Assays: An Example
Oil-Field Brine For Spanish Coasts
Diana Mitsova-Boneva, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, Matthew L. Rise, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee,
Quality of Water Supplies Wisconsin, Genomic Technologies in Biomonitoring
Tom Mohr, Santa Clara Valley Water District, San Jose, California, Arthur W. Rose, Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Emerging and Recalcitrant Compounds in Groundwater Pennsylvania, Acid Mine Drainage—Extent and Character, Passive
M.C. Morales-Caselles, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage (Wetlands)
Cádiz, Spain, Biomarkers and Bioaccumulation: Two Lines of Evidence Barry H. Rosen, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Vero Beach, Florida,
to Assess Sediment Quality Waterborne Bacteria
National Drought Mitigation Center, Drought in the Dust Bowl Years Serge Rotteveel, Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water
National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program—U.S. Treatment–RIZA, Lelystad, The Netherlands, SOFIE: An Optimized
Geological Survey, Source-Water Protection Approach for Exposure Tests and Sediment Assays
Jennifer Nelson, The Groundwater Foundation, Lincoln, Nebraska, Timothy J. Ryan, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, Water Sampling and
Reaching Out: Public Education and Community Involvement in Laboratory Safety
Groundwater Protection Randall T. Ryti, Neptune and Company, Inc., Los Alamos, New Mexico,
Anne Ng, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorne, Victoria, Assessment of Ecological Effects in Water-Limited Environments
Australia, River Water Quality Calibration, Review of River Water Masaki Sagehashi, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Biomanipulation
Quality Modeling Software Tools Basu Saha, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom,
Jacques Nicolas, University of Liege, Arlon, Belgium, Interest in the Use Activated Carbon: Ion Exchange and Adsorption Properties
of an Electronic Nose for Field Monitoring of Odors in the Environment Md. Salequzzaman, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh, Ecoregions:
Ana Nicolau, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Braga, Portugal, Ciliated A Spatial Framework for Environmental Management
Protists as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessment Dibyendu Sarkar, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Lead and its
Diana J. Oakes, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia, Environmen- Health Effects
tal Applications with Submitochondrial Particles Peter M. Scarlett, Winfrith Technology Centre, Dorchester, Dorset, United
Oladele A. Ogunseitan, University of California, Irvine, Califor- Kingdom, The Control of Algal Populations in Eutrophic Water Bodies
nia, Microbial Enzyme Assays for Detecting Heavy Metal Toxicity, Trifone Schettino, Università di Lecce, Lecce, Italy, Metallothioneins as
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase as an Indicator of PCB/Dioxin-Like Indicators of Trace Metal Pollution
Compounds in Fish Lewis Schneider, North Jersey District Water Supply Commission,
J. O’Halloran, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Wanaque, New Jersey, Classification and Environmental Quality
Ireland, Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Tests for Assessment in Aquatic Environments
Regulatory Purposes Wolfram Schuessler, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, Karlsruhe,
Victor Onwueme, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, Germany, Column Experiments in Saturated Porous Media Studying
Classification and Environmental Quality Assessment in Aquatic Contaminant Transport
Environments K.D. Sharma, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India, Water
Alper Ozkan, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, Coagulation and Quality Management
Flocculation in Practice Mukesh K. Sharma, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India,
Neil F. Pasco, Lincoln Ventures, Ltd., Lincoln, New Zealand, Biochemical Ground Water Quality in Areas Adjoining River Yamuna at Delhi, India,
Oxygen Demand and Other Organic Pollution Measures Irrigation Water Quality in Areas Adjoining River Yamuna At Delhi,
B.J.C. Perera, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorne, Victoria, India
Australia, River Water Quality Calibration, Review of River Water Daniel Shindler, UMDNJ, New Brunswick, New Jersey, Methemoglobine-
Quality Modeling Software Tools mia
Jim Philip, Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Biolumines- Slobodan P. Simonovic, The University of Western Ontario, London,
cent Biosensors for Toxicity Testing Ontario, Canada, Water Resources Systems Analysis, Fuzzy Criteria
Laurel Phoenix, Green Bay, Wisconsin, Source Water Quality Manage- for Water Resources Systems Performance Evaluation, Participatory
ment, Water Managed in the Public Trust Multicriteria Flood Management
Randy T. Piper, Dillon, Montana, Overview and Trends in the Shahnawaz Sinha, Malcolm Pirnie Inc., Phoenix, Arizona, Disinfection
International Water Market By-Product Precursor Removal from Natural Waters
John K. Pollak, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia, Environmen- Joseph P. Skorupa, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Remediation and
tal Applications with Submitochondrial Particles Bioremediation of Selenium-Contaminated Waters
Dörte Poszig, University of Münster, Centre for Environmental Research, Roel Smolders, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Active
Münster, Germany, Sustainable Water Management On Mediterranean Biomonitoring (ABM) by Translocation of Bivalve Molluscs
Islands: Research and Education Jinsik Sohn, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea, Disinfection By-Product
Hemant J. Purohit, National Environmental Engineering Research Precursor Removal from Natural Waters
Institute, CSIR, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India, Salmonella: Monitoring Fiona Stainsby, Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,
and Detection in Drinking Water Bioluminescent Biosensors for Toxicity Testing
Shahida Quazi, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Lead and its Ross A. Steenson, Geomatrix, Oakland, California, Land Use Effects on
Health Effects Water Quality
S. Rajagopal, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, Nijmegen, The Leonard I. Sweet, Engineering Labs Inc., Canton, Michigan, Application
Netherlands, Dose-Response of Mussels to Chlorine of the Precautionary Principle to Water Science
xiv CONTRIBUTORS
Kenneth K. Tanji, University of California, Davis, California, Eh Janice Weihe, American Water, Belleville, Illinois, Understanding
Ralph J. Tella, Lord Associates, Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, Overview Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and the Need for Rapid Detection in
of Analytical Methods of Water Analyses With Specific Reference to EPA Water
Methods for Priority Pollutant Analysis June M. Weintraub, City and County of San Francisco Department
William E. Templin, U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, California, of Public Health, San Francisco, California, Chlorination By-Products,
California—Continually the Nation’s Leader in Water Use Alternative Disinfection Practices and Future Directions for Disinfection
Rita Triebskorn, Steinbeis-Transfer Center for Ecotoxicology and By-Product Minimization
Ecophysiology, Rottenburg, Germany, Biomarkers, Bioindicators, and Victor Wepener, Rand Afrikaans University, Auckland Park, South
the Trondheim Biomonitoring System Africa, Active Biomonitoring (ABM) by Translocation of Bivalve Molluscs
Nirit Ulitzur, Checklight Ltd., Tivon, Israel, Use of Luminescent Bacteria Eva Ståhl Wernersson, GS Development AB, Malmö, Sweden, Dishwash-
and the Lux Genes For Determination of Water Quality ing Water Quality Properties
Shimon Ulitzur, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, Use of Andrew Whiteley, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology–Oxford, Oxford,
Luminescent Bacteria and the Lux Genes For Determination of Water United Kingdom, Bioluminescent Biosensors for Toxicity Testing
Quality Siouxsie Wiles, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, How We Use Water in These Bioluminescent Biosensors for Toxicity Testing
United States Thomas M. Williams, Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest
U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Water and Science, Georgetown, South Carolina, Water Quality Management in a
Coastal Resources Forested Landscape
U.S. Geological Survey, Water Quality, Water Science Glossary of Terms Parley V. Winger, University of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, Water
G. van der velde, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, Nijmegen, Assessment and Criteria
The Netherlands, Dose-Response of Mussels to Chlorine M.H. Wong, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Algal
F.N.A.M. van pelt, Environmental Research Institute, University College Toxins in Water
Cork, Ireland, Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Tests R.N.S. Wong, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Algal
for Regulatory Purposes Toxins in Water
D.V. Vayenas, University of Ioannina, Agrinio, Greece, Cartridge Filters J. Michael Wright, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mas-
for Iron Removal sachusetts, Alternative Disinfection Practices and Future Directions for
Raghuraman Venkatapathy, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Edu- Disinfection By-Product Minimization
cation, Cincinnati, Ohio, Alternative Disinfection Practices and Future Gary P. Yakub, Kathleen Stadterman-Knauer Allegheny County Sanitary
Directions for Disinfection By-Product Minimization, Chlorination By- Authority, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Indicator Organisms
Products Yeomin Yoon, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, Disinfection
V.P. Venugopalan, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, India, Dose-Response By-Product Precursor Removal from Natural Waters
of Mussels to Chlorine M.E. Young, Conwy, United Kingdom, Water Resources Challenges in the
Jos P.M. Vink, Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Arab World
Treatment–RIZA, Lelystad, The Netherlands, Heavy Metal Uptake Rates Mehmet Ali Yurdusev, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey,
Among Sediment Dwelling Organisms, SOFIE: An Optimized Approach Integration of Environmental Impacts into Water Resources Planning
for Exposure Tests and Sediment Assays Karl Erik Zachariassen, Norwegian University of Science and Technol-
Judith Voets, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Active Biomoni- ogy, Trondheim, Norway, Physiological Biomarkers and the Trondheim
toring (ABM) by Translocation of Bivalve Molluscs Biomonitoring System
Mark J. Walker, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, Water Related Luke R. Zappia, CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, Australia, Microbial
Diseases Activities Management
William R. Walker, Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Manage- Harry X. Zhang, Parsons Corporation, Fairfax, Virginia, Water Quality
ment of Water Resources for Drought Conditions Management and Nonpoint Source Control, Water Quality Models for
Xinhao Wang, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, Quality of Water Developing Soil Management Practices
Supplies Igor S. Zonn, Lessons from the Rising Caspian
Corinna Watt, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Arsenic A.I. Zouboulis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,
Compounds in Water Biosorption of Toxic Metals, Arsenic Health Effects
CONTRIBUTORS
Julia E. Aizpún de Moreno, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B.D. Clinton, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of
Mar del Plata, Argentina, Occurrence of Organochlorine Pesticides in Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Measuring and Modeling Tree and Stand
Vegetables Grown on Untreated Soils from an Agricultural Watershed, Level Transpiration
Pesticide Chemistry in the Environment Steve Colman, U.S. Geological Survey, Lake Baikal—A Touchstone for
Mahbub Alam, Kansas State University, Garden City, Kansas, Vacuum Global Change and Rift Studies
Gauge Tensiometer Charles M. Cooper, USDA Agricultural Research Service National
Absar Alum, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, Microbial Quality Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, Mississippi, Drainage Ditches
of Reclaimed Irrigation: International Perspective Dennis L. Corwin, Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California, Soil
Peyman Daneshkar Arasteh, Soil Conservation and Watershed Salinity
Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Tehran, Iran, Minimum
Lewis M. Cowardin, U.S. Department of the Interior, Classification of
Environmental Flow Regimes, Large Area Surface Energy Balance
Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States
Estimation Using Satellite Imagery, Water Spreading
Christophe Cudennec, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique,
Muhammad Nadeem Asghar, International Water Management Institute
Rennes, France, Unit Hydrograph, Rivers and Streams: One-Way Flow
(IWMI), Lahore, Pakistan, Irrigation Wells, Skimmed Groundwater,
System
Sprinkler Irrigation
Rupali Datta, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Phytoremediation
Mukand Singh Babel, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani,
By Constructed Wetlands, Soil N Management Impact on The Quality of
Thailand, Soil Moisture Measurement—Neutron
Surface and Subsurface Water
Frank Balon, Buffalo District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Corps
Turned Niagara Falls Off, On Again Francesca Dellacasa, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, River Basins
Joseph D. Bankston, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Richard Dowling, Pittsburgh District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Louisiana, Pumping Stations Innovative Pens Hatch Thousands of Trout
Nathalie Barrette, Laval University, Québec, Canada, Greenhouse Gas Éric Duchemin, DREX Environment, Montréal, Canada, Hydroelectric
Emissions From Hydroelectric Reservoirs Reservoirs as Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases
Luis Berga, ETSIn Caminos, Barcelona, Spain, Floods as a Natural Julia Duzant, Cranfield University, North Wyke, Devon, United Kingdom,
Hazard Water Quality Management in an Agricultural Landscape, Soil Erosion
Asbjørn Bergheim, RF-Rogaland Research, Stavanger, Norway, Water and Control Practices
Pollution From Fish Farms J. Gordon Edwards, San Jose, California, Effects of DDT in Surface
K.K.S. Bhatia, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttaranchal, Water on Bird Abundance and Reproduction—A History
India, Dilution-Mixing Zones and Design Flows, Surface Water Pollution, Environment Canada, Water—The Canadian Transporter
Assessment of Pollution Outflow From Large Agricultural Areas K.J. Elliott, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of
Sandra Bird, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Impervious Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Measuring and Modeling Tree and Stand
Cover—Paving Paradise Level Transpiration
Peter E. Black, State University of New York College of Environmental Theodore A. Endreny, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, New York, Forests and
Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, Watershed Hydrology Wetlands, Riparian Systems, Great Lakes
Robert W. Black, National Water Quality Assessment Program, U.S. Wayne D. Erskine, State Forests of New South Wales, Beecroft, New South
Geological Survey, Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Wales, Australia, Stream Classification, Gully Erosion, Sediment Load
Freshwater Streambed Sediment and Fish from the Puget Sound Basin Measurements
Alexander Brenning, Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Xing Fang, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, Culvert Design, Water
Rock Glacier Turbine, Hydraulics of Pressurized Flow, Open Channel Design, Storage
Karen D. Brettschneider, Houston-Galveston Area Council, Houston, and Detention Facilities, Streamflow
Texas, Urban Water Studies, Watershed Jerry L. Farris, Arkansas State University, State University, Arkansas,
Emera Bridger, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, New York, Forests and Wetlands Drainage Ditches
Alexander Brinker, Fischereiforschungsstelle des Landes Baden- Douglas H. Fender, International Turf Producers Foundation, Meadows,
Württemberg, Langenargen, Germany, Water Pollution From Fish Farms Illinois, Landscape Water-Conservation Techniques
Gary A. Buchanan, Division of Science, Research, and Technology,
R. Andrés Ferreyra, Ag Connections, Inc., Murray, Kentucky, Stomates
Trenton, New Jersey, Fish Consumption Advisories
Markus Flury, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, Dyes
Yong Cai, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, Metal
As Hydrological Tracers
Tolerance in Plants: The Roles of Thiol-Containing Peptides
Julia Freedgood, American Farmland Trust, Washington, District of
René Canuel, University of Québec in Montréal, Montréal, Canada,
Columbia, Agriculture and Land Use Planning
Hydroelectric Reservoirs as Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases
Annette Geller, UFZ Center for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle
Virginia Carter, U.S. Department of the Interior, Classification of
Ltd., Magdeburg, Germany, Limnology
Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States
Harenda Singh Chauhan, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Walter Geller, UFZ Center for Environmental Research, Magdeburg,
Technology, Pantnagar, India, Microirrigation: An Approach to Efficient Germany, Limnology, Lakes
Irrigation Walter H. Geller, UFZ, Dept. of Inland Water Research, Magdeburg,
Shulin Chen, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, Germany, Acidification of Freshwater Resources
Aquaculture Technology for Producers Robert J. Gilliom, U.S. Geological Survey, Classification and Mapping of
Pietro Chiavaccini, Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Flood Control Agricultural Land for National Water-Quality Assessment
Structures, Hydraulics Francis C. Golet, U.S. Department of the Interior, Classification of
Brent C. Christopher, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States
Subglacial Lake Vostok Mariana Gonzalez, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del
Xuefeng Chu, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, Michigan, Plata, Argentina and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y
Pesticide Occurrence and Distribution in Relation to Use Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina, Pesticide Chemistry in
Michelle Clarke, Cranfield University, North Wyke, Devon, United the Environment, Occurrence of Organochlorine Pesticides in Vegetables
Kingdom, Water Quality Management in an Agricultural Landscape, Grown on Untreated Soils from an Agricultural Watershed
Soil Erosion and Control Practices Eve Gruntfest, (from The Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water:
Thomas R. Clarke, USDA ARS U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, Atmospheric Chemistry, Hydrology, and Societal Impacts, Wiley 2003),
Phoenix, Arizona, Crop Water Stress Detection Using Remote Sensing Floods
xi
xii CONTRIBUTORS
Suresh K. Gupta, CSSRI, Karnal, Haryana, India, Salt Tolerance, Richard Lanyon, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater
Waterlogging Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, Reversal of the Chicago River
John Hall, New Orleans District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Lasers Edward T. Laroe, U.S. Department of the Interior, Classification of
Scan Levees from the Air Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States
Dorota Z. Haman, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, Screen Catherine Larose, University of Québec in Montréal, Montréal, Canada,
Filters for Microirrigation, Media Filters for Microirrigation, Microirri- Hydroelectric Reservoirs as Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases
gation Frederic Lasserre, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada, The Aral Sea
Blaine Hanson, LAWR, Davis, California, Deep-Well Turbine Pumps Disaster: Environment Issues and Nationalist Tensions, Irrigation in
David R. Hargis, Hargis + Associates, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, Forensic The United States
Hydrogeology Jamie R. Lead, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United
Thomas Harter, University of California, Davis, California, Animal Kingdom, Freshwater Colloids
Farming Operations: Groundwater Quality Issues G. Fred Lee, G. Fred Lee & Associates, El Macero, California,
G.J. Harvey, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of Eutrophication (Excessive Fertilization), Unrecognized Pollutants,
Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Measuring and Modeling Tree and Stand Urban Stormwater Runoff Water Quality Issues
Level Transpiration
Leo S. Leonhart, Hargis + Associates, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, Forensic
Karl E. Havens, South Florida Water Mgmt. District, West Palm Beach,
Hydrogeology, Cienega
Florida, Submerged Aquatic Plants Affect Water Quality in Lakes
Xu Liang, University of California, Berkeley, California, Land Surface
Peder Hjorth, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, River Basin Planning and
Modeling
Coordination
Srinivasa Lingireddy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,
Joseph Holden, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, Surface
Calibration of Hydraulic Network Models
Runoff and Subsurface Drainage
Zhi-Qing Lin, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville,
Robert M. Hordon, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, Flow-
duration Curves Illinois, Bioaccumulation
Stéphane Houel, University of Québec in Montréal, Montréal, Canada, Rongchao Li, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands,
Hydroelectric Reservoirs as Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases Flood Control in the Yellow River Basin in China
Xiangjiang Huang, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, G.V. Loganathan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Drainage Networks Blacksburg, Virginia, Instream Flow Methods
Fen C. Hunt, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Marc Lucotte, University of Québec in Montréal, Montréal, Canada,
Columbia, Agriculture and Land Use Planning Hydroelectric Reservoirs as Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases
Stephen W. Hussey, Dabane Trust, Burnside, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Dorene E. Maccoy, National Water Quality Assessment Program,
Water from Saturated River Sediment—Sand Abstraction U.S. Geological Survey, Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in
Deborah Hutchinson, U.S. Geological Survey, Lake Baikal—A Touch- Freshwater Streambed Sediment and Fish from the Puget Sound Basin
stone for Global Change and Rift Studies Chandra Madramootoo, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste-
James A. Jacobs, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley, Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, Tile Drainage: Impacts, Plant
California, Groundwater Assessment Using Soil Sampling Techniques Growth, and Water Table Levels, Water Logging: Topographic and Agri-
Chakresh K. Jain, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India, cultural Impacts, Water Table Contribution to Crop Evapotranspiration
Adsorption of Metal Ions On Bed Sediments Ole Mark, Asian Institute of Technology, Hørsholm, Denmark, Modeling of
Sharad K. Jain, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttranchal, Urban Drainage and Stormwater, Modeling of Water Quality in Sewers,
India, Hydroelectric Power, Reservoir Sedimentation, Reservoirs- Urban Flooding
Multipurpose, Base Flow, Ganga River, India Brane Maticic, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Nitrate Pollution Prevention
Steven Jennings, (from The Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water: Matthew P. McCartney, International Water Management Institute,
Atmospheric Chemistry, Hydrology, and Societal Impacts, Wiley 2003), Pretoria, South Africa, Wetlands: Uses, Functions, and Values
Floods Marianne McHugh, Cranfield University, Silsoe, United Kingdom, Water
Ramakar Jha, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttranchal, Quality Management in an Agricultural Landscape, Soil Erosion and
India, Hydrological Processes and Measured Pollutant Loads, Dilution- Control Practices, Soil Conservation
Mixing Zones and Design Flows, Surface Water Pollution, Assessment of
T.C. Mcintyre, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control
Pollution Outflow From Large Agricultural Areas
of Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Plant and Microorganism Selection for
Klaus Jöhnk, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Phytoremediation of Hydrocarbons and Metals
Heat Balance of Open Waterbodies
Karina S.B. Miglioranza, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar
Bill Johnson, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington,
del Plata, Argentina and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas
Aquaculture Technology for Producers
y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina, Pesticide Chemistry in
Brit Johnson, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, the Environment, Occurrence of Organochlorine Pesticides in Vegetables
Aquaculture Technology for Producers Grown on Untreated Soils from an Agricultural Watershed
Anne Jones-Lee, G. Fred Lee & Associates, El Macero, California,
Matjaz Mikos, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Sediment
Eutrophication (Excessive Fertilization), Unrecognized Pollutants,
Transport
Urban Stormwater Runoff Water Quality Issues
Myron J. Mitchell, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York,
Pierre Y. Julien, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado,
Episodic Acidification
Sedimentation, Rivers
Jarai Mon, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, Dyes As
Alpana Khairom, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Phytoremedi-
Hydrological Tracers
ation By Constructed Wetlands
Jacob W. Kijne, Herts, United Kingdom, World’s Major Irrigation Areas, Matthew T. Moore, USDA Agricultural Research Service National
Maintaining Salt Balance on Irrigated Land Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, Mississippi, Drainage Ditches
Charles W. Kirby, Paciulli, Simmons & Assoc., Fairfax, Virginia, Water M. Susan Moran, USDA ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center,
Quality in Suburban Watersheds Tucson, Arizona, Crop Water Stress Detection Using Remote Sensing
Matthias Koschorreck, Center of Environmental Research (UFZ), Vı́ctor J. Moreno, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del
Magdeburg, Germany, Microorganisms in Their Natural Plata, Argentina, Pesticide Chemistry in the Environment, Occurrence
Environment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Vegetables Grown on Untreated Soils
Demetris Koutsoyiannis, National Technical University, Athens, Greece, from an Agricultural Watershed
Stochastic Simulation of Hydrosystems, Reliability Concepts in Reservoir R.P.C. Morgan, Cranfield University, Silsoe, United Kingdom, Soil
Design, Hydrologic Persistence and The Hurst Phenomenon Conservation
V. Kulik, CYPUM PTY LTD, Canberra City, Australia, Combustible Roy Morgan, Cranfield University, North Wyke, Devon, United Kingdom,
Watersheds Soil Erosion and Control Practices
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
National Wild and Scenic Rivers System—National Park Service, K.D. Sharma, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttranchal, India,
River and Water Facts Hydrological Processes and Measured Pollutant Loads
J.R. Newman, IACR-Centre for Aquatic Plant Management, Reading G. S. Shrivastava, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad,
Berkshire, United Kingdom, Weed Control Strategies West Indies, Watershed Management for Environmental Quality and
Jeffrey D. Niemann, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, Food Security
Drainage Networks Paul K. Sibley, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,
Chironomids in Sediment Toxicity Testing
NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab, NOAA Lake Level
Forecast for Lake Michigan Right on Target Slobodan P. Simonovic, The University of Western Ontario, London,
Ontario, Canada, Flood Prevention
C.S.P. Ojha, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttaranchal, India,
Vijay P. Singh, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Base
Surface Water Pollution, Dilution-Mixing Zones and Design Flows,
Flow, Kinematic Wave Flow Routing, Kinematic Shock, Kinematic Wave
Assessment of Pollution Outflow From Large Agricultural Areas
and Diffusion Wave Theories, Surface Water Pollution, Hydrological
Lindell E. Ormsbee, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, Processes and Measured Pollutant Loads
Calibration of Hydraulic Network Models
Bellie Sivakumar, University of California, Davis, California, Hydrologic
Stefano Pagliara, Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Flood Control Thresholds
Structures, Hydraulics, River Basins, Levees for Flood Protection Nicolas Soumis, University of Québec in Montréal, Montréal, Canada,
Qiang Pan, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, Aquacul- Hydroelectric Reservoirs as Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases
ture Technology for Producers Susan-Marie Stedman, NMFS F/HC, Silver Spring, Maryland, Coastal
Geoffrey Petts, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United King- Wetlands
dom, Regulated Rivers, Environmental Flows Pasquale Steduto, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute, Valenzano, Italy,
Laurel Phoenix, Green Bay, Wisconsin, Lakes—Discharges To Agricultural Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Productivity (WP)
Gloria Post, Division of Science, Research, and Technology, Trenton, New Alan Stern, Division of Science, Research, and Technology, Trenton, New
Jersey, Fish Consumption Advisories Jersey, Fish Consumption Advisories
Simone Pozzolini, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Levees for Flood Eric A. Strauss, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La
Protection Crosse, Wisconsin, Microbiology of Lotic Aggregates and Biofilms
John C. Priscu, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, Subglacial Tim Sullivan, E & S Environmental, Corvallis, Oregon, Acidifica-
Lake Vostok tion—Chronic
Leonard I. Sweet, Environmental Energy Group, Engineering Labs
Nitish Priyadarshi, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India,
Inc., Canton, Michigan, Fish Cells in the Toxicological Evaluation of
Pollution of Surface Waters, Trace Elements in Water, Sediment,
Environmental Contaminants
and Aquatic Biota—Effects of Biology and Human Activity, Cultural
Eutrophication, Water Quality in Ponds Maria A. Szumiec, Polish Academy of Sciences, Chybie, Poland, Pond
Aquaculture—Modeling and Decision Support Systems, An Outline of
Rudi Rajar, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Numerical
the History of Fishpond Culture in Silesia, the Western Part of Poland
Modeling of Currents
David D. Tarkalson, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte,
Tara Reed, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, Tile Nebraska, Nitrification
Drainage
Gail P. Thelin, U.S. Geological Survey, Classification and Mapping of
Lucas Reijnders, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Nether- Agricultural Land for National Water-Quality Assessment
lands, Biofuel Alternatives to Fossil Fuels Chacharee Therapong, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas,
Jane Rickson, Cranfield University, North Wyke, Devon, United Kingdom, Phytoremediation By Constructed Wetlands
Soil Erosion and Control Practices Mladen Todorovic, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Valen-
R.J. Rickson, Cranfield University, Silsoe, United Kingdom, Soil zano, Bari, Italy, Crop Water Requirements, Crop Evapotranspiration
Conservation Mark R. Tompkins, University of California, Berkeley, California, Fish
Eliot C. Roberts, Rosehall Associates, Sparta, Tennessee, Soil Water Passage Facilities, Floodplain, Fishing Waters
Issues U.S. Environmental Protection Agency—Office of Water, Office of
T. Lackey Robert, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds, Wetlands Overview
Corvallis, Oregon, Fisheries: History, Science, and Management Vandana Vandanapu, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Soil N
Barry H. Rosen, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Vero Beach, Florida, Management Impact on The Quality of Surface and Subsurface Water
Potential Health Issues Associated With Blue-Green Algae Blooms in Roger C. Viadero, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia,
Impoundments, Ponds and Lakes Sedimentation and Flotation, Factors Affecting Fish Growth and
William R. Roy, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois, Production, Geochemistry of Acid Mine Drainage
Remediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soil at Agrichemical Facilities J.M. Vose, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of
Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Measuring and Modeling Tree and Stand
Bahram Saghafian, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management
Level Transpiration
Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, Time-Area and The Clark Rainfall-
Thorsten Wagener, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Runoff Transformation, Time of Concentration and Travel Time
Pennsylvania, Uncertainty Analysis in Watershed Modeling, Watershed
in Watersheds, Flood Source Mapping in Watersheds, Floodwater
Modeling, Modeling Ungauged Watersheds
Spreading
Lizhu Wang, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Monona,
Dibyendu Sarkar, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio,
Wisconsin, Biotic Integrity Index to Evaluate Water Resource Integrity
Texas, Phytoremediation By Constructed Wetlands, Soil N Management
in Freshwater Systems
Impact on The Quality of Surface and Subsurface Water, Soil Phosphorus
Sutat Weesakul, DHI Water & Environment, Bangkok, Thailand,
Availability and Its Impact on Surface Water Quality
Modeling of Urban Drainage and Stormwater
Hubert H.G. Savenije, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands,
Brian B. Weigel, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Monona,
Interception
Wisconsin, Biotic Integrity Index to Evaluate Water Resource Integrity
Miklas Scholz, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, in Freshwater Systems
Urban Runoff Sebastian Weissenberger, University of Québec in Montréal, Montréal,
Harold L. Schramm, Jr, U.S. Geological Survey, Mississippi State, Canada, Hydroelectric Reservoirs as Anthropogenic Sources of Green-
Mississippi, Water Needs for Freshwater Fisheries Management house Gases
Andy Seidl, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, Agriculture Douglas F. Welsh, Texas A&M University, Collage Station, Texas,
and Land Use Planning Xeriscape
xiv CONTRIBUTORS
Adrian E. Williams, APEM Ltd., Manchester, United Kingdom, Water Chih Ted Yang, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado,
Hyacinth—The World’s Most Problematic Weed Sedimentation, Dam Removal as River Restoration, Rivers
Tommy S.W. Wong, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC),
Kinematic Wave Method For Storm Drainage Design Córdoba, Spain, Crop Water Stress Detection Using Remote Sensing
Don J. Wood, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, Calibration of Weihua Zhang, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, Metal
Hydraulic Network Models Tolerance in Plants: The Roles of Thiol-Containing Peptides
CONTRIBUTORS
M. Abad, Universidad de Huelva. Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas, Huelva, Eli Dahi, Environmental Development Corporation, Søborg, Denmark,
A Statistical Approach to Critical Storm Period Analysis Defluroidation
Edinara Adelaide Boss, Artur-Nogueira-SP, Brazil, Sublimation Carl W. David, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, The
Joseph H. Aldstadt, III, Genetic Technologies, Inc. Testing Institute, Hydronium Ion
Waukesha, Wisconsin, In Situ Chemical Monitoring Jana Davis, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater,
Alaska Biological Science Center—U.S. Geological Survey, Oceano- Maryland, Marine Stock Enhancement Techniques
graphic Environment of Glacier Bay Christine Dickenson, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne,
Sergio Alonso, University of the Balearic, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Florida, An Analysis of the International Maritime Organiza-
Relative Humidity tion–London Convention Annual Ocean Dumping Reports
Marie de Angelis, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, Major Robert E. Dickinson, (from The Handbook of Weather, Climate, and
Ions in Seawater Water: Dynamics, Climate, Physical Meteorology, Weather Systems, and
Carolyn Ann Koh, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, Clathrate Measurements, Wiley 2003), Overview: The Climate System
Hydrates, Hydration Priyanka K. Dissanayake, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Estuarian Waters
Yoseph Negusse Araya, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Iver W. Duedall, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida,
Kingdom, Hydrosphere An Analysis of the International Maritime Organization–London
Ann Azadpour-Keeley, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Convention Annual Ocean Dumping Reports
ORD, U.S.EPA, Ada, Oklahoma, Water and the History of Man Sandra Dunbar, Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United
W.D. Bach, Jr., (from The Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water: Kingdom, Partitioning and Bioavailability
Dynamics, Climate, Physical Meteorology, Weather Systems, and Antonı́n Dvořák, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic,
Measurements, Wiley 2003), Basic Research for Military Applications Negotiating between Authority and Polluters: An Approach to Managing
Patrick L. Barry, NASA, Water on the Space Station Water Quality
David R. Easterling, (from Handbook of Weather, Climate, and
F. Batmanghelidj, Global Health Solutions, Falls Church, Virginia, The
Water: Dynamics, Climate, Physical Meteorology, Weather Systems, and
Myth of Bad Cholesterol: Why Water Is A Better Cholesterol-Lowering
Measurements, Wiley 2003), Observations of Climate and Global Change
Medication, Water: The Key to Natural Health And Healing, The Mistake
from Real-Time Measurements
of Waiting to Get Thirsty
Theodore A. Endreny, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, New York, Remote Sensing
M. Eric Benbow, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, A
of Applications in Hydrology, Evaporation, Radar Use in Rainfall
History of Hawaiian Freshwater Resources
Measurements, Rainfall and Runoff
Mike Bettwy, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, African Monsoons
Environment Canada, Water—Nature’s Magician
David Biggs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Canals in
Timothy Erickson, National Weather Service New Orleans/Baton Rouge
the Mekong Delta: A Historical Overview from 200 C.E. to the Present
Forecast Office, Slidell, Louisiana, Coastal Fog Along the Northern Gulf
Jessica Black, NOAA/CREST CCNY, New York, New York, Remote
of Mexico
Sensing of Applications in Hydrology
Kirsten Exall, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, Ontario,
Peter E. Black, SUNY ESF, Syracuse, New York, Water Resource
Canada, Coagulation and Flocculation
Organizations
David L. Feldman, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, Water
Julián Blasco, Institute of Marine Sciences of Analucia, Cadiz, Spain, Supply Planning—Federal, Water Transfers
Marine and Estuarine Microalgal Sediment Toxicity Tests
Montserrat Filella, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Antimony
M. Boström, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, Hofmeister in Aquatic Systems
Effects, Dissolved Gases
Sylwester Furmaniak, N. Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland,
Kristofor R. Brye, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, Mechanisms of Water Adsorption on Carbons
Nitrogen
Piotr A. Gauden, N. Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, The Effect
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Water of Carbon Surface Chemical Composition on the Mechanism of Phenol
Transportation Occupations Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions, Mechanisms of Water Adsorption
Bureau of Reclamation—U.S. Department of the Interior, Hoover on Carbons
Dam History Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory—NOAA, El Niño: The
Robert M. Burgess, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Interannual Prediction Problem, Hurricanes: Modeling Nature’s Fury,
Rhode Island, Ammonia Global Climate Change
Albert J. Burky, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, A History of Andrea K. Gerlak, Columbia University, New York, New York, Wetlands
Hawaiian Freshwater Resources Policy in the United States: From Drainage to Restoration
James Butler, Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, NOAA Michael H. Glantz, (from The Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water:
and University Scientists Study Methyl Bromide Cycling in the North Atmospheric Chemistry, Hydrology, and Societal Impacts, Wiley 2003),
Pacific Climate and Society
Bradford Butman, U.S. Geological Survey, Mapping the Sea Floor of the Global Change Research Program—U.S. Geological Survey, Flattop
Historic Area Remediation Site (HARS) Offshore of New York City Mountain Snotel Snowpack: Water Year 2004
Pietro Chiavaccini, Universitá di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Shallow Water Waves, Jyotsna Goel, Centre for Fire, Explosives, and Environmental Safety,
Breakwaters Timarpur, India, Ion Exchange and Inorganic Adsorption
G.G. Clarke, University of Hawaii, Hilo, Hawaii, Climate and Water Kelly Goodwin, University of Miami, NOAA and University Scientists
Balance on the Island of Hawaii Study Methyl Bromide Cycling in the North Pacific
Jay Clausen, AMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc., Westford, Mas- David M. Gray, Mettler-Toledo Thornton Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts,
sachusetts, Technetium in Water, Beryllium in Water Conductivity-Electric
Aldo Conti, Frascati (RM), Italy, Floating Ice, Condensation, Desertifica- Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (NOAA), Tech-
tion, Dew, Distilled Water, Isotopes, Rain Forests, Dew Point nology Development: Hardware Development—Marine Instrumentation
Giuseppe Cortese, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Laboratory (MIL)
Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany, Seawater Temperature Esti- Seth I. Gutman, NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory, Ground-Based GPS
mates in Paleoceanography Meteorology at FSL
Sara Cotton, University of Miami, NOAA and University Scientists Study Janusz Guziur, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn,
Methyl Bromide Cycling in the North Pacific Poland, History of Pond Fisheries in Poland
L.M. Cáceres, Universidad de Huelva. Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas, David Haley, Picacadilly, Ulverston, Cumbria, United Kingdom, Water
Huelva, A Statistical Approach to Critical Storm Period Analysis and Well-Being, Evolution
xi
xii CONTRIBUTORS
Jon Hare, NOAA Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, Daniel King, University of Colorado, NOAA and University Scientists
NOS/NMFS Cooperative Research on Coastal Fisheries and Habitats at Study Methyl Bromide Cycling in the North Pacific
the Beaufort Laboratory Piotr Kowalczyk, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
Michael J. Hayes, Climate Impacts Specialist—National Drought The Effect of Carbon Surface Chemical Composition on the Mechanism
Mitigation Center, Drought Indices of Phenol Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions, Mechanisms of Water
William Henderson, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand, Adsorption on Carbons
Analysis of Aqueous Solutions Using Electrospray Ionization Mass Upadhyayula V. K. Kumar, Choa Chu kang Ave-4, Singapore, Coastal
Spectrometry (esi ms) Water Pollutants
Warwick Hillier, The Australian National University, Canberra, W. Kunz, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, Hofmeister
Australia, Isotope Exchange in Gas-Water Reactions Effects
Joseph Holden, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, Mariotte Frederic Lasserre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, Great
Bottle—Use in Hydrology, Rain Simulators
Lakes Governors’ Agreement
S. Holgate, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Birkenhead, United
Marshall Lawson, Land Conservation Legal Services, LLC, Columbia,
Kingdom, The Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level
South Carolina, Quantitative GroundWater Law
Arthur M. Holst, Philadelphia Water Department, Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
Jamie R. Lead, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United King-
vania, Frost Damage, Droughts, Water Cycle, Monsoon, Permanent
dom, Dissolved Organic Carbon
Frost, United States Weather Bureau, Waterspout, Cloud Seeding,
Cyclones, Fog, Frost, Chinook, Flood Control Act of 1944, Jacob’s Well, G. Fred Lee, G. Fred Lee & Associates, El Macero, California, Clean Water
Gordon and Franklin Rivers and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Act, Water Quality Criteria/Standards, TMDLs, and Weight-of-Evidence
Heritage Area Approach for Regulating Water Quality
Kirk L. Holub, NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory, Ground-Based GPS Maggie Lee, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Free Flowing Water: A Source of
Meteorology at FSL Wisdom
Paul R. Houser, (from The Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water: Nai Kuang Liang, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Water
Atmospheric Chemistry, Hydrology, and Societal Impacts, Wiley 2003), Waves
Infiltration and Soil Moisture Processes Sharon L. Lien, The Groundwater Foundation, Lincoln, Nebraska,
S.A. Hsu, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Air–Sea Effective Water Education Strategies in a Nontraditional Setting
Interaction Clive D. Lipchin, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Water Between Arabs and
Jason A. Hubbart, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, Hydrologic Israelis: Researching Twice-Promised Resources, Conflict and Water
Cycle, Water Resources, and Society, Hydrologic History, Problems, and Use in the Middle East
Perspectives Eileen Loiseau, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, NOAA and
Basia Irland, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, A University Scientists Study Methyl Bromide Cycling in the North Pacific
Concise Glimpse of Water in the History of Photography M.X. Loukidou, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece, Sorption
Mohammed Riajul Islam, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, Rain and Kinetics
Rocks: The Recipe for River Water Chemistry
Helen H. Lou, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, Solubility of
James A. Jacobs, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley, Hydrocarbons and Sulfur Compounds in Water, Solubility of Chemicals
California, Fenton’s Reaction and Groundwater Remediation, Regulatory
in Water
Issues and Remediation: Risk, Costs, and Benefits, Water, Bacteria, Life
Nancy A. Lowery, San Diego, California, United States-Mexico Border
on Mars, and Microbial Diversity
Waters: Conventions, Treaties, and Institutions
Sharad K. Jain, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India, Isohyetal
Method, Hydrologic Cycle Luı́s M. Lubián, Institute of Marine Sciences of Analucia, Cadiz, Spain,
Marine and Estuarine Microalgal Sediment Toxicity Tests
Purnima Jalihal, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, India,
Renewable Energies from the Ocean Paolo Magni, IMC—International Marine Centre, Torregrande-Oristano,
S. Jevrejeva, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Birkenhead, United Italy, Laboratory Experiments On Bivalve Excretion Rates of Nutrients,
Kingdom, The Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level Temporal Scaling of Benthic Nutrient Regeneration in Bivalve-
Dominated Tidal Flat, Physical and Chemical Variability of Tidal
Alicia Jimenez, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
Transboundary Waters in Latin America: Conflicts and Collaboration Streams, Tidally Mediated Changes in Nutrient Concentrations
Anne Jones-Lee, G. Fred Lee & Associates, El Macero, California, Clean Babs A. Makinde-Odusola, Riverside, California, Radon in Water
Water Act, Water Quality Criteria/Standards, TMDLs, and Weight-of- William E. Marks, Water Consciousness, Inc., Martha’s Vineyard,
Evidence Approach for Regulating Water Quality Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin: From Kite to Lightning Rod,
Andrew Juhl, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia Univer- Benjamin Franklin’s Armonica: A Water Music Instrument, Our
sity, Palisades, New York, Food Chain/Foodweb/Food Cycle Evolving Water Consciousness, Water Clocks, Ben Franklin’s Gulf
James O. Juvik, University of Hawaii, Hilo, Hawaii, Climate and Water Stream Weather and Swim Fins
Balance on the Island of Hawaii D.L. Marrin, Hanalei, Hawaii, Cosmic Water, Molecular Network
K. Kadirvelu, Centre for Fire, Explosives, and Environmental Safety, Dynamics, Sound in Water, Water Symbolism
Timarpur, India, Ion Exchange and Inorganic Adsorption K.A. Matis, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece, Sorption Kinetics
Th.D. Karapantsios, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece, Sorption Patricia Matrai, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, NOAA and
Kinetics University Scientists Study Methyl Bromide Cycling in the North Pacific
Thomas R. Karl, (from Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water: Mollie D. McIntosh, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
Dynamics, Climate, Physical Meteorology, Weather Systems, and A History of Hawaiian Freshwater Resources
Measurements, Wiley 2003), Observations of Climate and Global Change Kevin S. McLeary, Physical Properties
from Real-Time Measurements
Lucius O. Mendis, Colombo, Sri Lanka, Ancient Water and Soil
Melinda R. Kassen, Trout Unlimited, Colorado Water Project, Boulder, Conservation Ecosystems of Sri Lanka
Colorado, Legal Protection for In-stream Flow, Interface between Federal
Carlos D. Messina, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, Degree
Water Quality Regulation and State Allocation of Water Quantity
Day Method
Gholam A. Kazemi, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran,
Age Dating Old Groundwater, Chlorine-36 and Very Old Groundwaters, Paulette Middleton, (from The Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water:
Deuterium, Freshwater, Hard Water, Heavy Water, Hydrogen Ion, Atmospheric Chemistry, Hydrology, and Societal Impacts, Wiley 2003),
Isotope Fractionation, Soft Water, Strontium Isotopes in Water and Acid Rain and Society
Rock, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Elsie F. Millano, ERM, Inc., Vernon Hills, Illinois, Great Lakes Water
Jack W. Keeley, Environmental Engineer, Ada, Oklahoma, Water and Quality Initiative
the History of Man A. Trent Millet, Newark, Vermont, The Medicinal Properties of the Waters
Giora J. Kidron, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, of Saratoga Springs
Dew Deserts Koichi Miyashita, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan, Transpiration
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
Eric P. Mollard, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France, Laurel Phoenix, Green Bay, Wisconsin, Water as a Human Right
Curious Uses of Agricultural Water in the World, Jaubert de Passa: The Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technol-
First World History of Irrigation in 1846 ogy, Early Clocks
Shigeru Montani, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan, Physical Ralph W. Pike, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
and Chemical Variability of Tidal Streams, Laboratory Experiments Solubility of Hydrocarbons and Sulfur Compounds in Water, Solubility
On Bivalve Excretion Rates of Nutrients, Tidally Mediated Changes of Chemicals in Water
in Nutrient Concentrations, Temporal Scaling of Benthic Nutrient
R. Pino, Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Reina Mercedes, Sevilla, A
Regeneration in Bivalve-Dominated Tidal Flat, Seasonal Coupling
Statistical Approach to Critical Storm Period Analysis
Between Intertidal Macrofauna and Sediment Column Porewater
Richard Z. Poore, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, Sea Level
Nutrient Concentrations
and Climate
Robert M. Moore, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,
Marine Sources of Halocarbons Bobby J. Presley, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, Trace
Element Pollution
Ignatio Moreno-Garrido, Institute of Marine Sciences of Analucia,
Cadiz, Spain, Marine and Estuarine Microalgal Sediment Toxicity Nitish Priyadarshi, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India,
Tests Sodium in Natural Waters
Suparna Mukherji, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India, Adsorption of Jian-Wen Qiu, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon,
Organic Compounds Hong Kong, Larvae and Small Species of Polychaetes in Marine
J.M. Muñoz, Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Reina Mercedes, Sevilla, A Toxicological Testing
Statistical Approach to Critical Storm Period Analysis Climent Ramis, University of the Balearic, Palma de Mallorca, Spain,
Prasad K. Narasimhan, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, Adsorption Relative Humidity
Capacity of Activated Carbon for Water Purification, Solubility of Jorge Ramı́rez-Vallejo, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
Hydrocarbons and Sulfur Compounds in Water, Solubility of Chemicals Economic Value of Water: Estimation
in Water, Solubility of Hydrocarbons in Salt Water Todd Rasmussen, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, Barometric
NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center, Black Water Turns the Tide Efficiency
on Florida Coral, The Water Cycle, Weather Forecasting Through The Howard Reminick, Ohno Institute on Water and Health, Willoughby,
Ages, The Earth Observing System: Aqua Ohio, An Analysis of The Impact of Water on Health and Aging: Is All
NASA—Langley Research Center, CERES: Understanding The Water The Same?
Earth’s Clouds and Climate Martin Reuss, Ph.D, Office of History Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Where Water Floats of Engineers, The Constitution and Early Attempts at Rational Water
National Drought Mitigation Center, What is Climatology? Planning
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), J. Rodrı́guez Vidal, Universidad de Huelva. Avda. de las Fuerzas
NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Armadas, Huelva, A Statistical Approach to Critical Storm Period
Natural Resources Conservation Service, Conservation and the Analysis
Water Cycle A. Rodrı́guez-Ramı́rez, Universidad de Huelva. Avda. de las Fuerzas
John W. Nielsen-Gammon, (from Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Armadas, Huelva, A Statistical Approach to Critical Storm Period
Water: Dynamics, Climate, Physical Meteorology, Weather Systems, and Analysis
Measurements, Wiley 2003), Overview of Weather Systems Romualdo Romero, University of the Balearic, Palma de Mallorca, Spain,
Robert Y. Ning, King Lee Technologies, San Diego, California, Silica in Relative Humidity
Natural Waters, Carbonate in Natural Waters William R. Roy, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois,
B.W. Ninham, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany and Iron
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Hofmeister Effects,
F. Ruiz, Universidad de Huelva. Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas, Huelva,
Dissolved Gases
A Statistical Approach to Critical Storm Period Analysis
NOAA Coral Reef Information System (CORIS), Deep Water Corals
David L. Russell, Global Environmental Operations, Inc., Lilburn,
NOAA National Ocean Service, NOS Sanctuaries Protect Nation’s
Georgia, A Brief History of the Water Pollution Control Act in the
Maritime History
U.S.
NOAA—Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Pacific Marine
Timothy J. Ryan, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, The Clean Water Act
Environmental Laboratory—30 Years of Observing The Ocean
Gerhard Rychlicki, N. Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, The Effect
Northeast Fisheries Science Center—NOAA, Woods Hole: The Early
of Carbon Surface Chemical Composition on the Mechanism of Phenol
Years
Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions, Mechanisms of Water Adsorption
Gertrud K. Nürnberg, Freshwater Research, Baysville, Ontario, Canada,
on Carbons
Quantification of Anoxia and Hypoxia in Water Bodies
S. Sabri, University of Malaya, Petaling Jaya Selangor, Malaysia, Islamic
Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Physical
Water Law
Oceanography
Basu Saha, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom,
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory—Shrub-Steppe Ecology
Removal of Organic Micropollutants and Metal Ions from Aqueous
Series, What About Meteorology?
Solutions by Activated Carbons
Stefano Pagliara, Universitá di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Shallow Water Waves,
Breakwaters Eric Saltzman, University of Miami, NOAA and University Scientists
Study Methyl Bromide Cycling in the North Pacific
Magni Paolo, IMC-International Marine Centre, Torregrande-Oristano,
Italy, Seasonal Coupling Between Intertidal Macrofauna and Sediment Peter H. Santschi, Texas A&M University, Galveston, Texas, Marine
Column Porewater Nutrient Concentrations Colloids
Jose O. Payero, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, Nebraska, Edward S. Sarachik, (from The Handbook of Weather, Climate, and
Evapotranspiration Water: Dynamics, Climate, Physical Meteorology, Weather Systems, and
Mauricio Peredo, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Electricity as a Measurements, Wiley 2003), The Ocean in Climate
Fluid Eva Saroch, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, Representing
Naraine Persaud, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Geopolitics of (Hydro) Borders in South Asia
Blacksburg, Virginia, Adiabatic Cooling, Humidity—Absolute, Heat of Petr Šauer, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic, Negotiating
Vaporization, Vapor Pressure between Authority and Polluters: An Approach to Managing Water
Geoff Petts, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Quality
Water in History Donald Savage, NASA Headquarters, Washington, Mars Exploration
Tony Phillips, NASA, Water on the Space Station Rover Mission
Jim Philp, Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, Reuel Shinnar, The City College of the CUNY, New York, The Mirage of
Partitioning and Bioavailability The H2 Economy
xiv CONTRIBUTORS
Melissa A. Singer Pressman, Genetic Technologies, Inc. Testing Institute, Rolf R. von Oppenfeld, The TESTLaw Practice Group, Phoenix,
Waukesha, Wisconsin, In Situ Chemical Monitoring Arizona, The National Pollution Discharge Elimination System, The
Pratap Singh, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India, Snow Safe Drinking Water Act
Density, Snow and Snowmelt, Snow Surveys Linda Voss, U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission, Ballooning and
Vijay P. Singh, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Meteorology in the Twentieth Century
Entropy Theory For Hydrologic Modeling, Unit Hydrograph Theory, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Atmospheric
Hydrologic Cycle, Isohyetal Method Scientists
D.C. Singleton, University of Hawaii, Hilo, Hawaii, Climate and Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency—Oceans and Coastal
Balance on the Island of Hawaii Protection Division, Coral Reefs and Your Coastal Watershed
Bellie Sivakumar, University of California, Davis, California, Hydropsy- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Quality
chology U.S. Global Change Research Program, The Global Water Cycle
E. Dendy Sloan, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, Clathrate Guy Webster, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, Mars
Hydrates Exploration Rover Mission
James A. Smith, (from The Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water: Radosław P. Wesołowski, N. Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland,
Atmospheric Chemistry, Hydrology, and Societal Impacts, Wiley 2003), Mechanisms of Water Adsorption on Carbons
Rainfall Scott Whiteford, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
Fiona Stainsby, Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Transboundary Waters in Latin America: Conflicts and Collaboration
Kingdom, Partitioning and Bioavailability Patrick Willems, Hydraulics Laboratory, Leuven, Belgium, Uncertainties
Susan-Marie Stedman, Silver Spring, Maryland, Coastal Waters in Rainfall–Runoff Modeling
Kenneth F. Steele, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, Richard S. Williams, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole,
Nitrogen, Carbonate Geochemistry Massachusetts, Sea Level and Climate
David P. Stern, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Electricity as a Marek Wiśniewski, N. Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, Mecha-
nisms of Water Adsorption on Carbons
Fluid, Weather and the Atmosphere
Ming Hung Wong, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong,
Bradley A. Striebig, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington, Chemi-
Kowloon, Hong Kong, Larvae and Small Species of Polychaetes in Marine
cal Precipitation
Toxicological Testing
Georgina Sturrock, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Eve Woods, Denver, Colorado, Reserved Water Rights for Indian and
Organization—Australia, NOAA and University Scientists Study Methyl
Federal Lands
Bromide Cycling in the North Pacific
P.L. Woodworth, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Birkenhead,
Artur P. Terzyk, N. Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, The Effect
United Kingdom, The Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level
of Carbon Surface Chemical Composition on the Mechanism of Phenol
Tom Wydrzynski, The Australian National University, Canberra,
Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions, Mechanisms of Water Adsorption
Australia, Isotope Exchange in Gas-Water Reactions
on Carbons
Carl L. Yaws, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, Adsorption Capacity of
Ryszard Tokarczyk, University of Miami, NOAA and University
Activated Carbon for Water Purification, Solubility of Hydrocarbons and
Scientists Study Methyl Bromide Cycling in the North Pacific
Sulfur Compounds in Water, Solubility of Chemicals in Water, Solubility
Marta E. Torres, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, Distribution of Hydrocarbons in Salt Water
and Dynamics of Gas Hydrates in the Marine Environment
Brian Yocis, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, NOAA and
Christopher Tracey, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, Sea Level University Scientists Study Methyl Bromide Cycling in the North Pacific
and Climate David W. Yoskowitz, Texas A&M University—Corpus Christi, Laredo,
Anne M. Trehu, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, Distribution Texas, U.S./Canadian Boundary Waters Treaty and the Great Lakes
and Dynamics of Gas Hydrates in the Marine Environment Water Quality Agreement
Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Mark A. Young, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, Environmental
Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, The Role of Oceans in the Global Photochemistry in Surface Waters
Cycles of Climatically-Active Trace-Gases Shari Yvon-Lewis, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labora-
David B. Vance, ARCADIS, Midland, Texas, Regulatory Issues and tory, NOAA and University Scientists Study Methyl Bromide Cycling in
Remediation: Risk, Costs, and Benefits, Water, Bacteria, Life on Mars, the North Pacific
and Microbial Diversity Karl Erik Zachariassen, Norwegian University of Science and Technol-
Javier Velez-Arocho, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washing- ogy, Trondheim, Norway, Freezing and Supercooling of Water, Osmosis-
ton, District of Columbia, Marine Debris Abatement Diffusion of Solvent or Caused by Diffusion of Solutes?
Roger C. Viadero Jr., West Virginia University, Morgantown, West A. Zaharuddin, University of Malaya, Petaling Jaya Selangor, Malaysia,
Virginia, Henry’s Law Islamic Water Law
CONTRIBUTORS
Segun Adelana, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, Summary of Isotopes Flow, Combined Free and Porous Flow in the Subsurface, Modeling
in Contaminant Hydrogeology, Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology Techniques for Solute Transport in Groundwater
Mohammad N. Almasri, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Rupali Datta, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas,
Palestine, Groundwater Flow and Transport Process Remediation of Contaminated Soils, Genetics of Metal Tolerance
Tom A. Al, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, and Accumulation in Higher Plants, Phytoextraction of Zinc and
Canada, River-Connected Aquifers: Geophysics, Stratigraphy, Hydroge- Cadmium from Soils Using Hyperaccumulator Plants, Phytoremediation
ology, and Geochemistry of Selenium-Laden Soils, Phytoextraction and Phytostabilization:
Larry Amskold, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Technical, Economic and Regulatory Considerations of the Soil-Lead
Brunswick, Canada, River-Connected Aquifers: Geophysics, Stratigra- Issue
phy, Hydrogeology, and Geochemistry Ali H. Davani, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas,
Ann Azadpour-Keeley, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Remediation of Contaminated Soils
ORD, U.S. EPA, Ada, Oklahoma, Microbial Processes Affecting L.C. Davis, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of
Monitored Natural Attenuation of Contaminants in the Subsurface, Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Phytoremediation of Methyl Tertiary-Butyl
Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater Ether
Mukand Singh Babel, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Melissa R. Dawe, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New
Thailand, Groundwater Velocities, Groundwater Flow Properties, Water Brunswick, Canada, River-Connected Aquifers: Geophysics, Stratigra-
in The Unsaturated Zone phy, Hydrogeology, and Geochemistry
Philip B. Bedient, Rice University, Houston, Texas, Transport of Reactive Steven A. Dielman, ENVIRON International Corporation, Arlington,
Solute in Soil and Groundwater Virginia, Hydraulic Conductivity/Transmissibility
David M. Bednar, Jr., Michael Baker, Jr. Inc., Shreveport, Louisiana, Craig E. Divine, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, Ground-
Karst Hydrology, Karst Topography, Groundwater Dye Tracing in Karst water Sampling with Passive Diffusion Samplers, Detecting Modern
Groundwaters with 85 Kr, Groundwater Dating with H–He
Milovan Beljin, Cincinnati, Ohio, Horizontal Wells
Shonel Dwyer, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley, California,
Craig H. Benson, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,
Groundwater and Perchlorate: Chemical Behavior and Treatment
Reactive Transport in The Saturated Zone: Case Histories for Permeable
Reactive Barriers Aly I. El-Kadi, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii,
Unconfined Groundwater
Robert A. Bisson, Alexandria, Virginia, Megawatersheds
Environment Canada, Groundwater—Nature’s Hidden Treasure
William J. Blanford, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
L.E. Erickson, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of
Vadose Zone Monitoring Techniques
Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Phytoremediation of Methyl Tertiary-Butyl
Thomas B. Boving, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode
Ether
Island, Organic Compounds in Ground Water, Innovative Contaminated
Thomas R. Fisher, Horn Point Laboratory—UMCES, Solomons,
Groundwater Remediation Technologies
Maryland, What is a Hydrochemical Model?
Richard C. Brody, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, Connate Water
Craig Foreman, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley, California,
Kristofor R. Brye, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas,
Groundwater and Cadmium: Chemical Behavior and Treatment
Lysimeters, Soil and Water Contamination by Heavy Metals
Devin L. Galloway, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, Earth-
Gunnar Buckau, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, Karlsruhe, Germany, quakes—Rattling the Earth’s Plumbing System
Mobility of Humic Substances in Groundwater
Lorraine Geddes-McDonald, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill
Bureau of Indian Affairs and Arizona Department of Water Valley, California, Groundwater and Nitrate: Chemical Behavior and
Resources—U.S. Geological Survey, Black Mesa Monitoring Treatment
Program
Mário Abel Gonçalves, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisoba,
Karl E. Butler, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Lisoba, Portugal, Metal Organic Interactions in Subtitle D Landfill
Canada, River-Connected Aquifers: Geophysics, Stratigraphy, Hydroge- Leachates and Associated Ground Waters, Geochemical Modeling-
ology, and Geochemistry Computer Codes, Geochemical Models
Herbert T. Buxton, United States Geological Survey, Pharmaceuticals, Jason J. Gurdak, U.S. Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado and
Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, Groundwater Vulnerability
Streams to Pesticides: Statistical Approaches
Natalie L. Capiro, Rice University, Houston, Texas, Transport of Reactive Navraj S. Hanspal, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United
Solute in Soil and Groundwater Kingdom, Modeling Techniques for Solute Transport in Groundwater,
Harendra S. Chauhan, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Viscous Flow, Laminar Flow, Finite Element Modeling of Coupled Free
Technology, Uttar Pradesh, India, Steady-State Flow Aquifer Tests, and Porous Flow
Subsurface Drainage Thomas Harter, University of California, Davis, California, Specific Yield
Bernard L. Cohen, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Storage Equation, Vulnerability Mapping of Groundwater Resources,
Risk Analysis of Buried Wastes From Electricity Generation Aquifers
David P. Commander, Water and Rivers Commission, East Perth, Blayne Hartman, H&P Mobile Geochemistry, Solana Beach, California,
Australia, Water Dowsing (Witching), Artesian Water Applications of Soil Vapor Data to Groundwater Investigations
Dennis L. Corwin, USDA-ARS George E. Brown, Jr., Salinity Laboratory, Joseph Holden, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, Infiltrom-
Riverside, California, Characterizing Soil Spatial Variability, Modeling eters, Soil Pipes and Pipe Flow, Infiltration and Soil Water Processes,
Non-Point Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone Using GIS, Groundwater Darcy’s Law, Infiltration/Capacity/Rates
Vulnerability to Pesticides: An Overview of Approaches and Methods of Ekkehard Holzbecher, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany,
Evaluation Groundwater Modeling, Ghijben–Herzberg Equilibrium
Colin C. Cunningham, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Paul F. Hudak, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, Mass Transport
Scotland, United Kingdom, In Situ Bioremediation of Contaminated in Saturated Media
Groundwater John D. Humphrey, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado,
William L. Cunningham, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, Groundwater Dating with H–He
Earthquakes—Rattling the Earth’s Plumbing System S.L. Hutchinson, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control
Uwe Dannwolf, URS Australia Pty Ltd., Turner, Australia, Groundwater of Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Hydrologic Feasibility Assessment and
and Vadose Zone Hydrology Design in Phytoremediation
Diganta Bhusan Das, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom, Th.A. Ioannidis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki,
Viscous Flow, Finite Element Modeling of Coupled Free and Porous Greece, Phytoremediation of Lead-Contaminated Soils
xi
xii CONTRIBUTORS
Jahangir Islam, City Design Limited, Auckland, New Zealand, Sub- Leo S. Leonhart, Hargis Associates, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, Recharge in
Surface Redox Chemistry: A Comparison of Equilibrium and Reaction- Arid Regions, Perched Groundwater
Based Approaches Scott M. Lesch, USDA-ARS George E. Brown, Jr., Salinity Laboratory,
Irena B. Ivshina, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms Riverside, California, Characterizing Soil Spatial Variability
of the RAS, Perm, Russia, In Situ Bioremediation of Contaminated Len Li, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Reactive
Groundwater Transport in The Saturated Zone: Case Histories for Permeable Reactive
James A. Jacobs, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley, Cali- Barriers
fornia, Groundwater and Cobalt: Chemical Behavior and Treatment, Keith Loague, Stanford University, Stanford, California, Groundwater
Limiting Geochemical Factors in Remediation Using Monitored Nat- Vulnerability to Pesticides: An Overview of Approaches and Methods of
ural Attenuation and Enhanced Bioremediation, The Role of Heat in Evaluation, Modeling Non-Point Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone
Groundwater Systems, Horizontal Wells in Groundwater Remediation, Using GIS
Groundwater Flow in Heterogenetic Sediments and Fractured Rock Walter W. Loo, Environmental & Technology Services, Oakland,
Systems, Groundwater and Cadmium: Chemical Behavior and Treat- California, Treatment for Nitrates in Groundwater, Treatment of
ment, Groundwater and Benzene: Chemical Behavior and Treatment, Arsenic, Chromium, and Biofouling in Water Supply Wells, In Situ
Groundwater and Lead: Chemical Behavior and Treatment, Groundwa- Electrokinetic Treatment of MtBE, Benzene, and Chlorinated Solvents,
ter and Nitrate: Chemical Behavior and Treatment, Groundwater and Hydraulic Properties Characterization
Uranium: Chemical Behavior and Treatment, Groundwater and Mer- Kerry T. Macquarrie, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New
cury: Chemical Behavior and Treatment, The Environmental Impact of Brunswick, Canada, River-Connected Aquifers: Geophysics, Stratigra-
Iron in Groundwater, Water Well Drilling Techniques, Water-Jetting phy, Hydrogeology, and Geochemistry
Drilling Technologies for Well Installation And In Situ Remediation of
Mini Mathew, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, Modeling of
Hydrocarbons, Solvents, and Metals, Source, Mobility, and Remediation
DNAPL Migration in Saturated Porous Media
of Metals, Particulate Transport in Groundwater—Bacteria and Col-
S.C. Mccutcheon, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control
loids, Groundwater and Arsenic: Chemical Behavior and Treatment,
of Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Hydrologic Feasibility Assessment and
In Situ Groundwater Remediation for Heavy Metal Contamination,
Design in Phytoremediation
Groundwater Remediation by In Situ Aeration and Volatilization,
MTBE, Phytoremediation Enhancement of Natural Attenuation Pro- John E. McCray, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado,
cesses, Groundwater Remediation by Injection and Problem Prevention, Groundwater Vulnerability to Pesticides: Statistical Approaches
Chemical Oxidation Technologies for Groundwater Remediation, Phys- M.S. Mohan Kumar, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,
ical Properties of DNAPLs and Groundwater Contamination, Process Modeling of DNAPL Migration in Saturated Porous Media
Limitations of In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater, Water Contam- John E. Moore, USGS (Retired), Denver, Colorado, Well Hydraulics and
ination by Low Level Organic Waste Compounds in the Hydrologic Aquifer Tests, Drawdown, Groundwater Quality, Hot Springs, Overdraft,
System, Applications of Soil Vapor Data to Groundwater Investi- Saline Seep, Geological Occurrence of Groundwater
gations, Groundwater Remediation Project Life Cycle, Groundwater Angela Munroe, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley, California,
Remediation: In Situ Passive Methods, Groundwater and Vinyl Chlo- Groundwater and Vinyl Chloride: Chemical Behavior and Treatment
ride: Chemical Behavior and Treatment, Groundwater and Perchlorate: Jean-Christophe Nadeau, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton,
Chemical Behavior and Treatment, Groundwater Sampling Techniques New Brunswick, Canada, River-Connected Aquifers: Geophysics, Stratig-
for Environmental Projects, Low Flow Groundwater Purging and raphy, Hydrogeology, and Geochemistry
Surging NASA Earth Science Enterprise Data and Services, Squeezing Water
Hamid R. Jahani, Water Research Institute, Hakimieh, Tehran, Iran, from Rock
Groundwater Tracing, Resistivity Methods Vahid Nassehi, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United King-
Chakresh K. Jain, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India, dom, Combined Free and Porous Flow in the Subsurface, Viscous Flow
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in District Hardwar, Uttaranchal, Sascha E. Oswald, UFZ Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig-
India, Nonpoint Sources, Fluoride Contamination in Ground Water, Halle, Germany, Modeling Contaminant Transport and Biodegradation
Irrigation Water Quality in District Hardwar, Uttaranchal, India in Groundwater
John R. Jansen, Aquifer Science & Technology, Waukesha, Wisconsin, Timothy K. Parker, Groundwater Resources of California, Sacramento,
Geophysics and Remote Sensing California, Water Contamination by Low Level Organic Waste
Anthea Johnson, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Compounds in the Hydrologic System
Bacteria Role in the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Jim C. Philp, Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom,
Silvia Johnson, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley, California, In Situ Bioremediation of Contaminated Groundwater
Groundwater and Mercury: Chemical Behavior and Treatment Laurel Phoenix, Green Bay, Wisconsin, Fossil Aquifers
Tracey Johnston, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Nitish Priyadarshi, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India,
Texas, Phytoextraction and Phytostabilization: Technical, Economic and Geothermal Water, Rock Fracture, Consolidated Water Bearing Rocks,
Regulatory Considerations of the Soil-Lead Issue Groundwater Contamination from Runoff, Groundwater Dating with
Jagath J. Kaluarachchi, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, Ground- Radiocarbon, Methane in Groundwater, Permeability
water Flow and Transport Process S.N. Rai, National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India,
A. Katsoyiannis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Artificial Recharge of Unconfined Aquifer
Greece, The Use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) for Todd Rasmussen, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, Head, Deep
Monitoring, Exposure, and Toxicity Assessment Soil-Water Movement, Soil Water, Specific Gravity, Tidal Efficiency
Jack Keeley, Environmental Engineer, Ada, Oklahoma, Nitrate Contam- Hugh H. Russell, CHR2 Environmental Services, Inc.,, Oilton, Oklahoma,
ination of Groundwater Microbial Processes Affecting Monitored Natural Attenuation of
David W. Kelley, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, Leaching Contaminants in the Subsurface
Lisa Kirkland, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley, California, Philip R. Rykwalder, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio,
Groundwater and Lead: Chemical Behavior and Treatment Texas, Vadose Zone Monitoring Techniques
Dana W. Kolpin, United States Geological Survey, Pharmaceuticals, Bahram Saghafian, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management
Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, Qanats: An Ingenious Sustainable
Streams Groundwater Resource System
C.P. Kumar, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India, Groundwater C. Samara, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,
Balance The Use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) for Monitoring,
Maria S. Kuyukina, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms Exposure, and Toxicity Assessment
of the RAS, Perm, Russia, In Situ Bioremediation of Contaminated Dibyendu Sarkar, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio,
Groundwater Texas, Remediation of Contaminated Soils, Genetics of Metal Tolerance
Kung-Yao Lee, Horn Point Laboratory—UMCES, Solomons, Maryland, and Accumulation in Higher Plants, Phytoextraction of Zinc and
What is a Hydrochemical Model? Cadmium from Soils Using Hyperaccumulator Plants, Phytoremediation
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
of Selenium-Laden Soils, Phytoextraction and Phytostabilization: David J. Tonjes, Cashin Associates PC, Hauppauge, New York, Ground-
Technical, Economic and Regulatory Considerations of the Soil-Lead water Contamination From Municipal Landfills in the USA
Issue Douglas C. Towne, Phoenix, Arizona, Ambient Groundwater Monitoring
J.L. Schnoor, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of Network Strategies and Design
Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Phytoremediation of Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Michael D. Trojan, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul,
Ether Minnesota, Land Use Impacts on Groundwater Quality, Sensitivity of
Guy W. Sewell, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, ORD, Groundwater to Contamination
U.S. EPA, Ada, Oklahoma (formerly with Dynamac Corporation), Kristine Uhlman, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, Recharge in
Microbial Processes Affecting Monitored Natural Attenuation of Desert Regions Around The World
Contaminants in the Subsurface Matthew M. Uliana, Texas State University—San Marcos, San Marcos,
Raj Sharma, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Texas, Regional Flow Systems, Hydraulic Head, Storage Coefficient
Laminar Flow David B. Vance, ARCADIS G&M, Inc., Midland, Texas, Groundwater
Caijun Shi, CJS Technology, Inc., Burlington, Ontario, Canada, High Remediation by In Situ Aeration and Volatilization, Source, Mobility, and
pH Groundwater—The Effect of The Dissolution of Hardened Cement Remediation of Metals, Particulate Transport in Groundwater—Bacteria
Pastes and Colloids, The Environmental Impact of Iron in Groundwater,
Naresh Singhal, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Groundwater Remediation by Injection and Problem Prevention, Chemi-
Bacteria Role in the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals, Sub-Surface cal Oxidation Technologies for Groundwater Remediation, Physical Prop-
Redox Chemistry: A Comparison of Equilibrium and Reaction-Based erties of DNAPLs and Groundwater Contamination, Process Limitations
Approaches of In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater, Phytoremediation Enhance-
V.P. Singh, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Artificial ment of Natural Attenuation Processes, Groundwater and Arsenic:
Recharge of Unconfined Aquifer Chemical Behavior and Treatment, Low Flow Groundwater Purging and
Joseph Skopp, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, Field Capacity Surging, The Role of Heat in Groundwater Systems, Horizontal Wells
Jeffrey G. Skousen, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West in Groundwater Remediation, Groundwater Flow in Heterogenetic Sed-
Virginia, Acid Mine Drainage: Sources and Treatment in the United iments and Fractured Rock Systems, Limiting Geochemical Factors
States in Remediation Using Monitored Natural Attenuation and Enhanced
Bioremediation
Ricardo Smalling, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley,
California, Groundwater and Uranium: Chemical Behavior and Keith Villiers, Environmental Bio-Systems, Inc., Mill Valley, California,
Treatment Groundwater and Benzene: Chemical Behavior and Treatment
James A. Smith, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Vapor Nikolay Voutchkov, Poseidon Resources Corporation, Stamford, Con-
Transport in the Unsaturated Zone necticut, Well Design and Construction
Stuart A. Smith, Smith-Comeskey GroundWater Science LLC, Upper Atul N. Waghode, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United
Sandusky, Ohio, Well Maintenance, Biofouling in Water Wells, Soil and Kingdom, Finite Element Modeling of Coupled Free and Porous Flow
Groundwater Geochemistry and Microbiology Roger M. Waller, U.S. Geological Survey,, Ground Water: Wells
Michelle Sneed, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, Earth- Lise Walter, Environmental Bio-Systems, Mill Valley, California,
quakes—Rattling the Earth’s Plumbing System Groundwater and Cobalt: Chemical Behavior and Treatment
Roger Spence, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, J.W. Weaver, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of
High pH Groundwater—The Effect of The Dissolution of Hardened Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Hydrologic Feasibility Assessment and
Cement Pastes Design in Phytoremediation
Kenneth F. Steele, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, Soil Jason J. Wen, City of Downey, Downey, California, Treatment for Nitrates
and Water Contamination by Heavy Metals in Groundwater, Treatment of Arsenic, Chromium, and Biofouling in
Mark D. Steele, MDC Systems, Inc., Berwyn, Pennsylvania, Water Level Water Supply Wells
Drawdown Dennis E. Williams, Geoscience Support Services, Claremont, California,
P. Takis Elefsiniotis, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Well TEST, Radial Wells, Well Screens
Bacteria Role in the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Eric S. Wilson, E. L. Montgomery & Associates, Inc., Tucson, Arizona,
Henry Teng, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, Safe Yield of an Aquifer, Specific Capacity
Water/Rocks Interaction S.K. Winnike-McMillan, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and
Stephen M. Testa, Mokelumne Hill, California, Dating Groundwaters Control of Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Phytoremediation of Methyl
with Tritium, Brine Deposits Tertiary-Butyl Ether
Geoffrey Thyne, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, Detecting Q. Zhang, (from Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of
Modern Groundwaters with 85 Kr, Geochemical Modeling—Computer Contaminants, Wiley 2003), Phytoremediation of Methyl Tertiary-Butyl
Code Concepts Ether
Fred D. Tillman, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, A.I. Zouboulis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,
Vapor Transport in the Unsaturated Zone Phytoremediation of Lead-Contaminated Soils

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WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA

DOMESTIC, MUNICIPAL, AND

Thomas B. Kingery III

The Water Encyclopedia is available online at

A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

Thomas B. Kingery III

The Water Encyclopedia is available online at

A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

SURFACE AND AGRICULTURAL

Thomas B. Kingery III

The Water Encyclopedia is available online at

A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

Thomas B. Kingery III

The Water Encyclopedia is available online at

A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

Thomas B. Kingery III

The Water Encyclopedia is available online at

A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

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