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    Lab 13

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    Lûtwàmä Jôë
    The document describes an AC motor control lab experiment involving controlling an AC motor using pulse-width modulation. Students will observe motor voltage and current waveforms at different frequencies and speeds, both with and without a load. They will investigate how closed-loop feedback control helps maintain a constant speed despite load disturbances.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lab 13

    Uploaded by

    Lûtwàmä Jôë
    26 views9 pages
    The document describes an AC motor control lab experiment involving controlling an AC motor using pulse-width modulation. Students will observe motor voltage and current waveforms at different frequencies and speeds, both with and without a load. They will investigate how closed-loop feedback control helps maintain a constant speed despite load disturbances.

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    The document describes an AC motor control lab experiment involving controlling an AC motor using pulse-width modulation. Students will observe motor voltage and current waveforms at different frequencies and speeds, both with and without a load. They will investigate how closed-loop feedback control helps maintain a constant speed despite load disturbances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views9 pages

    Lab 13

    Uploaded by

    Lûtwàmä Jôë
    The document describes an AC motor control lab experiment involving controlling an AC motor using pulse-width modulation. Students will observe motor voltage and current waveforms at different frequencies and speeds, both with and without a load. They will investigate how closed-loop feedback control helps maintain a constant speed despite load disturbances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    ME 576 Lab. Assignment No.

    13 DC/AC Motors

    Part A: AC Motor (Induction Motor with PWM)

    This week’s laboratory involves experimenting with the three-phase AC motor control kit.
    The purpose of this exercise is to give students hands-on experience of a new method of
    speed control used for industrial motors. Students will learn electrical and mechanical
    characteristics of AC motors driven by pulse-width-modulated (PWM) waveforms and
    observe how feedback control can help to maintain a constant speed in the presence of
    disturbances such as the change of load and inertia. First, go through the handout that
    explains the basic theories regarding the AC motor control kit. Then, follow the
    procedures given below. You must be under the supervision of the TA whenever you
    try to make a change in the wiring of the equipment. Before starting each part of the
    experiment, check to see if the equipment is switched on and adjusted to match the
    standard control setting as in Table 1. Your lab. report should include detailed
    observations made during the lab. and discussions.

    Part 1. Voltage, Current, Speed and Frequency Characteristics of AC Motor

    1) Observation of pulse-width-modulated motor voltage waveforms


    You will have a chance to observe the switched voltage waveform in the AC motor.
    First, Switch off the power. Make sure there is no connection to any 0V socket of
    the PE 485 kit. Connect channel 1 of the oscilloscope between two phases of the
    motor, say V and W using the 10:1 probe. Set the oscilloscope according to the
    following table:

    Time scale Voltage scale Coupling Trigger source


    2 ms/div 20.0 V/div DC Channel 1

    Switch on the power, switch to ‘run’ and raise the frequency to about 40Hz. Adjust the
    oscilloscope and the frequency until you get a steady trace. Observe the waveform, and
    then make a sketch or print-out. Try varying the frequency and observe how the
    waveform changes.

    2) Observation of motor current waveforms


    You can use special sockets in PE485 kit to provide a copy of the current waveform as
    a voltage referred to the 0V line. Switch off the power. Remove the wiring made to
    the two phase of the motor in the previous assignment. Connect the external sync input
    of the oscilloscope to ‘sync output’ of PE485A. Connect the two input channels to the
    PE485B sockets I1 and I2. Use 0V lines of PE485 to supply ground to the
    oscilloscope. Set the oscilloscope according to the following table:

    Time scale Voltage scale Coupling Trigger source


    5 ms/div 100 mV/div AC External
    Switch on the power, switch to ‘run’ and raise the frequency to about 40Hz. Observe
    the waveforms and relative phase. Try connecting I1 - I3, I2 - I3 and see how they are
    spaced in phase. They will be similar waveforms, nominally sinusoidal and 120o apart in
    phase. Make a sketch or print-out. Explain how the switched voltage waveforms
    observed in the previous section can generate a smooth sinusoidal current waveforms.

    3) Electro-mechanical behavior of AC motor


    In this section, you will discover how the voltage, current and speed of the motor vary
    as the speed setting is changed and see the effect of a mechanical load on the motor.
    Switch off the power. Connect the DMMs according to Fig. 1 and set the ranges.
    Switch on the power. Switch the stop/run switch to ‘run’. By adjustment of the set
    speed control, raise the output frequency to 30Hz. Adjust the voltage VCO control to
    give a 30V reading on meter 2. Then set the frequency back to zero.
    Use the table in Fig. 2 to enter your results in. In the left-hand column of the results
    table a number of frequency values are listed. Set the frequency to each of these values
    in turn, using the set speed control, and record under the heading ‘No load’:
    • The motor voltage – meter 2
    • The motor current – meter 4
    • The tachogenerator current – meter 1.
    Each tachogenerator reading should be converted into speed. The scaling factor is
    5000 rev/min per mA. Note that, in order to go above 100Hz, you will have to adjust
    the gain control slightly. Plot your results on a graph. Figure 3 shows an example of
    the graph. Your results should show electrical behavior that can be classified into three
    regions as in the handout.
    After you have completed the ‘No Load’ readings, rotate the magnet assembly to
    position 10 on its scale. Take a second set of readings to complete the ‘Loaded’
    columns of the results table, reducing the frequency in steps. You may notice that the
    loaded speed reading for 120Hz is less than that for 100Hz. Look at the torque-speed
    graph in the handout and discuss the results.

    Part 2. Closed-Loop Speed Control

    This part of the lab. is aimed at investigating the advantage of closed-loop control
    in dealing with external disturbances. The following figure shows the schematic of closed-
    loop speed control.
    Switch off the power. Connect the DMMs according to Fig. 4 and set the ranges.
    Note that the other end of meter 4 should be connected to the power supply. Swing the
    magnet away from the brake disc.
    Set the deceleration control to mid-range and switch the dynamic brake switch
    ‘on’. Use the results sheet in Fig. 5.
    Switch on. Use the stop/run switch and the set speed control to run the motor with
    an indicated frequency of 50Hz.
    On the ‘No-Load’ row of the results sheet, record the values of the current shown
    by meter 1 and meter 4. Take particular care to read meter 1 precisely. Convert the speed
    in rev/min.
    Apply breaking by rotating the magnet assembly to mark 6 on its scale. Record a
    new set of readings as before, in the ‘Open Loop’ row of the results table. Record the
    frequency. This completes the open loop measurements.
    Close the loop by switching the tacho switch ‘on’. To complete the results table
    the following procedure is given.
    1. Swing the magnet assembly away from the break disc. Bring the output frequency back
    to 50Hz.
    2. Check that the unloaded conditions are as you recorded them before. Then apply
    braking to mark 6 and record a new set of readings.
    The first time, setting the 50Hz will probably require the set speed control to be
    turned fully clockwise, after which a slight adjustment of the gain control may be
    necessary to get the minimum gain at which 50Hz can be set. Record the results in the
    ‘minimum gain’low.
    The second time, set the gain control mid-way between that minimum gain
    position and ‘max’. Then adjust the set speed control for 50Hz.
    Finally set the gain control to ‘max’. Then adjust the set speed control for 50Hz.
    Your results should show that when the tachogenerator feedback is operating, the fall in
    speed due to applied load is reduced. Explain why setting the gain to maximum may not
    be the best way to control.
    Table 1. Standard control setting
    Control to set Standard control setting
    Acceleration Min (fully counterclockwise)
    Deceleration Min
    Stop/run Run while setting; leave at stop
    Delay oscillator Fully clockwise
    Set speed mid-scale
    Gain Min
    Frequency VCO 50Hz output
    Voltage VCO 43V between motor phases
    Tacho Off
    Boost switch Off
    Range:
    2A AC

    Range:
    1mA DC

    Fig. 1 Connections for section 1-3.


    Fig. 2 Results sheet for section 1-3.
    Fig. 3 Graph sheet for results
    Range:
    1mA DC

    Fig. 4 Connections for Part 2.


    Fig. 5 Results sheet for Part 2.

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