“THE STUDY OF FINANCIAOL MANAGEMENT WITH

REFERENCE TO UBER”.

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted To

RASHTRASANT TUKADOJI MAHARAJ NAGPUR UNIVERSITY, NAGPUR

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Business Administration

SUBMITTED BY
RAJNIKANT S. DHOKE

Project Guide
PROF. ASMITA THAWKAR

2023-2024

DHANWATE NATIONAL COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT

OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (UG), NAGPUR

1
 CERTIFICTE

This is to certify that Rajnikant S. Dhoke is a bonafied student of Department of

Business Administration (UG) of Dhanwate National College, Nagpur. He has
completed his project entitled "The Study Of Financial Management With
Reference to Uber”, submitted in partial fulfilment of BBA program of the
RASHTRASANT TUKADOJI MAHARAJ NAGPUR UNIVERSITY, Nagpur, under
my guidance and supervision in the academic year 2023-2024.

Dr. Arvind Khadse Dr. Bharti Khapekar

Head Officiating Principle
Department of Business Administration (UG) Dhanwate National College,
Nagpur.

External Examiner

2
 Declaration

I, Rajnikant S. Dhoke hereby declare that the project entitled “The Study Of
Financial Management With Reference to Uber” has been carried out by me under
the guidance of Dr. Arvind Khadse.

This project is submitted to RASHTRASANT TUKADOJI MAHARAJ

NAGPUR UNIVERSITY, Nagpur in partial fulfilment of the academic requirement
for Bachelor of Business Administration during the academic year 2022-2023.

This is the outcome of my own research work based on personal study and has
not been submitted previously for award of any degree or diploma to this university or
any other university.

Rajnikant S. Dhoke

3
Acknowledgement

Completing a task is never alone journey. It is often the result of a valuable

contribution from a number of individuals in every possible way, which ultimately
helps in achieving the objective.

Firstly, I would like to thank Dr.Bharti Khapekar and Prof. Asmita Thawkar
, for their kind support and giving me the opportunity to present this project.

I am thankful to my Co-guide, who provided me all the information that I

needed to complete this project. This project would not have been accomplished
without their valuable support.

I would like to acknowledge the contribution of my parents and all my friends

who have been instrumental in successful completion of the project.

Place:
Rajnikant S. Dhoke
Date:

4
 INDEX

1. Introduction

2. About The Industry/Company

3. Literature Review

4. Research Methodology

a. Objectives Of Research

b. Research Hypothesis

c. Research Design

d. Sampling Plan

e. Tools For Data Collection

CHAPTER NO.1
f. Limitations Of Study

5. Data Collection & Analysis Of Data

6. Finding Of Study

7. Conclusion Of Research

8 Suggestions

9. References

10. Annexure

11. Questionnaire

12. Bibliography

5
 INTRODUCTION

Financial management is a crucial component of any business organization, playing a pivotal role in
its sustainability and growth. In this context, it is imperative to study financial management within
the framework of specific companies to gain practical insights into how financial decisions are made
and how they impact the overall performance of the organization. This study focuses on Uber, a
global technology company that has disrupted the traditional transportation industry.

Uber, founded in 2009, has rapidly grown to become one of the most recognizable names in the
sharing economy. The company's platform connects millions of riders with drivers, making it a
leading player in the ride-hailing industry. Understanding financial management at Uber is
particularly intriguing, given its unique business model, which relies heavily on digital technology,
decentralized operations, and global expansion.

This study will explore various aspects of financial management within Uber, shedding light on its
financial strategies, revenue models, and investment decisions. Uber's journey from a start-up to a
multi-billion-dollar corporation is marked by numerous financial milestones, including initial
funding rounds, strategic acquisitions, and its high-profile IPO (Initial Public Offering) in May 2019.
We will delve into how these events shaped the company's financial management practices and
contributed to its overall success.

Finance is the lifeline of any business and like most other resources, finance is always limited. On
the other hand, wants or demands are always unlimited. Therefore, it is important for a business to
manage its finances efficiently. Financial management refers to the strategic planning, organizing,
directing, and controlling of financial undertakings in an organization or an institute to achieve
organizational goals and objectives as we have learned in management by objectives.

It also includes applying management principles to the financial assets of an organization, while also
playing an important part in fiscal management.

Financial management is an ideal practice to control procurement of funds, utilization of funds,

accounting, payments, risk assessment and every other thing related to money.

Uber Technologies, Inc., also commonly known as Uber, is an American technology company. The
company was discovered in March 2009, and it became a public company in May 2019 after being

6
incorporated in the New York Stock Exchange. The company headquarters is located in San
Francisco, with operations in over 900 metropolitan areas globally.

It offers various services, including ride- transportation, and motorized scooter rental, and electric
bicycle through a Lime partnership. The company has an estimated 93 million monthly active users
globally on its platform. It has a 71% market share for ride-sharing and a 22% market share for food
delivery in the United States

Financial management is a crucial component of any business organization, playing a pivotal role in
its sustainability and growth. In this context, it is imperative to study financial management within
the framework of specific companies to gain practical insights into how financial decisions are made
and how they impact the overall performance of the organization. This study focuses on Uber, a
global technology company that has disrupted the traditional transportation industry.

Uber, founded in 2009, has rapidly grown to become one of the most recognizable names in the
sharing economy. The company's platform connects millions of riders with drivers, making it a
leading player in the ride-hailing industry. Understanding financial management at Uber is
particularly intriguing, given its unique business model, which relies heavily on digital technology,
decentralized operations, and global expansion.

UBER
This study will explore various aspects of financial management within Uber, shedding light on its
financial strategies, revenue models, and investment decisions. Uber's journey from a start-up to a
multi-billion-dollar corporation is marked by numerous financial milestones, including initial
funding rounds, strategic acquisitions, and its high-profile IPO (Initial Public Offering) in May 2019.

7
We will delve into how these events shaped the company's financial management practices and
contributed to its overall success.

Finance is the lifeline of any business and like most other resources, finance is always limited. On
the other hand, wants or demands are always unlimited. Therefore, it is important for a business to
manage its finances efficiently. Financial management refers to the strategic planning, organizing,
directing, and controlling of financial undertakings in an organization or an institute to achieve
organizational goals and objectives as we have learned in management by objectives.

It also includes applying management principles to the financial assets of an organization, while also
playing an important part in fiscal management.

Financial management is an ideal practice to control procurement of funds, utilization of funds,

accounting, payments, risk assessment and every other thing related to money.

Financial analysis of Uber involves assessing the company's financial health, performance, and
overall viability. This analysis typically includes examining key financial statements, ratios, and
other relevant metrics to gain insights into Uber's fiscal position and operational efficiency.

Here's a brief introduction to the financial analysis of Uber:

1. Financial Statements:

- Income Statement: This statement provides an overview of Uber's revenues, expenses, and profits
over a specific period. It helps in understanding the company's ability to generate income.

- Balance Sheet: The balance sheet showcases Uber's assets, liabilities, and equity at a given point
in time. It reveals the company's financial position and how its resources are financed.

2. Key Ratios:

- Profitability Ratios: These ratios assess Uber's ability to generate profits relative to its revenue,
assets, and equity. Examples include net profit margin and return on equity.

- Liquidity Ratios: These ratios measure Uber's short-term financial health by evaluating its ability to
meet immediate obligations. The current ratio and quick ratio fall under this category.

8
- Solvency Ratios: Solvency ratios assess the company's long-term financial stability and its ability to meet
long-term obligations. Debt-to-equity ratio is an example.

3. Revenue Streams and Growth:

- Analyze Uber's main revenue sources, including ride-sharing, food delivery, and other ventures. Evaluate
the growth trends in these segments to gauge the company's overall expansion and market penetration.

4. Cost Structure:
- Examine Uber's cost of goods sold (COGS) and operating expenses. Understanding cost structures is crucial
for identifying areas where cost efficiency improvements could be made.

5. Cash Flow Analysis:

- Assess Uber's cash flow statements to understand how cash is generated and used. Operating, investing,
and financing activities provide insights into the company's financial strategy.

6.Market and Industry Analysis:

- Consider external factors such as market trends, regulatory environment, and competition. Understanding
the broader industry dynamics helps in contextualizing Uber's financial performance.

7.Risk Assessment:
- Identify and evaluate risks associated with Uber's business model, market conditions, competition, and
regulatory landscape. A comprehensive risk analysis is crucial for making informed investment or business
decisions.

8. Future Outlook:
- Look into Uber's strategic initiatives, partnerships, and plans for the future. Analysts often consider
management discussions and guidance to gauge the company's expected performance. Remember that
financial analysis should be comprehensive and consider both quantitative and qualitative factors. It's
essential to compare Uber's financial metrics with industry benchmarks and peer companies for a more
thorough evaluation.

9
 About The Company

hailing, food delivery through Uber Eats, couriers, package delivery, freight
transportation, and motorized scooter rental, and electric bicycle through a Lime
partnership. The company has an estimated 93 million monthly active users globally
on its platform. It has a 71% market share for ride-sharing and a 22% market share
for food delivery in the United States

Uber was first founded in 2009 by Garrett Camp and Travis Kalanick under the name Uber Cab. At
the time, Camp had recently spent 800 dollars hiring a private car to transport him and his friends on
New Year’s Eve, and he was trying to figure out a way he could make the service more affordable to
the average person.

Camp reasoned that allowing multiple people to share the cost of the service would drive it down,
and Uber Cab was born. In 2010, a man named Ryan Graves responded to a tweet sent out by Travis
Kalanick and became the first Uber Cab employee. He was made a general manager and was given
between 5-10 percent of the company. Not long after, he was named the company’s CEO.

In 2011, the company’s name was shortened to Uber, and in 2012, Uber rolled out Uber X - a
service which allowed people to work for Uber driving their own car. Since then, Uber has been on
the cutting edge of a number of transportation services and technologies, from self-driving cars, to a
carpooling service, and even a helicopter service.

Today, Uber operates in 300 cities across 6 continents, and in 2016 Uber grossed 20 billion dollars.
Interestingly enough, Uber actually lost 2.8 billion dollars on that 2016 gross, showing just how
committed the company is to continuing to push the envelope and develop new services and
technologies that will revolutionize the transportation industry.

While a lot of factors played into launching Uber into the level of recognition and success the
company enjoys, one of those factors was the ever-recognizable Uber logo.

In 2010, when the company was still Uber Cab, they unveiled a logo that featured a red” UC” with
the company’s name above the logo.

10
When the name was changed to Uber, the logo dropped the” C” as well as the word” Cab” in the
name above it. However, the rest of the design stayed the same. The goal in this redesign was to
make the Uber logo look more modern and luxurious – both themes that Uber tries to touch on in
their marketing.

Old Logo New Logo

In 2016, though, the Uber logo underwent another major overhaul, this time ditching the” U” and the
company name entirely. Some described the new logo as bizarre, yet there is a lot of meaningful
elements to its design that really convey the type of company that Uber hopes to be moving forward.

Speaking about the new logo, Uber said,” This updated design reflects where we’ve been, and where
we’re headed. The Uber you know isn’t changing, our brand is just catching up to who we already
were.” In September 2018, just two days after hiring their first chief marketing officer they came out
with a new brand.

The new visual identity was designed by Wolff Olins. Molly Watson the director of verbal identity at
Wolff Olin’s San Francisco, said the new logo was designed to represent Uber’s growth ans security
Uber Technologies, Inc., also commonly known as Uber, is an American
technology company. The company was discovered in March 2009, and it became a
public company in May 2019 after being incorporated in the New York Stock
Exchange. The company headquarters is located in San Francisco, with operations
in over 900 metropolitan areas globally. It offers various services, including ride-

11
Uber Technologies, Inc., also commonly known as Uber, is an American
technology company. The company was discovered in March 2009, and it became a
public company in May 2019 after being incorporated in the New York Stock
Exchange. The company headquarters is located in San Francisco, with operations
in over 900 metropolitan areas globally. It offers various services, including ride-
hailing, food delivery through Uber Eats, couriers, package delivery, freight
transportation, and motorized scooter rental, and electric bicycle through a Lime
partnership. The company has an estimated 93 million monthly active users globally
on its platform. It has a 71% market share for ride-sharing and a 22% market share
for food delivery in the United States.
Uber Technologies, Inc., also commonly known as Uber, is an American
technology company. The company was discovered in March 2009, and it became a
public company in May 2019 after being incorporated in the New York Stock
Exchange. The company headquarters is located in San Francisco, with operations
in over 900 metropolitan areas globally. It offers various services, including ride-
hailing, food delivery through Uber Eats, couriers, package delivery, freight
transportation, and motorized scooter rental, and electric bicycle through a Lime
partnership. The company has an estimated 93 million monthly active users globally
on its platform. It has a 71% market share for ride-sharing and a 22% market share
for food delivery in the United States
Uber Technologies, Inc., also commonly known as Uber, is an American
technology company. The company was discovered in March 2009, and it became a
public company in May 2019 after being incorporated in the New York Stock
Exchange. The company headquarters is located in San Francisco, with operations

12
in over 900 metropolitan areas globallyhailing, food delivery through Uber Eats, couriers, package
delivery, freight

hailing, food delivery through Uber Eats, couriers, package delivery, freight
transportation, and motorized scooter rental, and electric bicycle through a Lime
partnership. The company has an estimated 93 million monthly active users globally
on its platform. It has a 71% market share for ride-sharing and a 22% market share
for food delivery in the United States
hailing, food delivery through Uber Eats, couriers, package delivery, freight
transportation, and motorized scooter rental, and electric bicycle through a Lime
partnership. The company has an estimated 93 million monthly active users globally
on its platform. It has a 71% market share for ride-sharing and a 22% market share
for food delivery in the United States

Salient Features of Uber

 A user can tap his smart phone and call a cab at his location or could also book a ride in
advance.
 One can have SMS, Email alerts, Notifications to Passengers.
 The customer can track the driver as he arrives to his location. The driver can also track the
exact location of the customer and reach his exact location.
 The payment procedure is handled by them. In some countries like India, they have even
started accepting cash payments which are paid directly to the driver. Its Automated
generated e- receipts.
 Can get Travel History, has Multilingual support .

Value Propositions

Customers:

 No need to wait for a taxi for long times.

 Free rides on certain occasions and discounts from time to time.
 Prices lesser than the normal taxi fares.
 Uber’s tag line says - Your personal driver. It lets customers travel in style.
 Fixed prices for common places like Airport etc.

Drivers:

 Additional source of income.

 Flexible working schedules. Can work part time or simply whenever they like.

13
  Easy payment procedure.
 Those who love to drive can earn money while pursuing their hobby.
 Uber pays drivers to be online, even if they don’t get any request.
 Those who love to drive can earn money while pursuing their hobby.
 Uber pays drivers to be online, even if they don’t get any request.

Uber’s business and revenue model just can’t be stated as complete if this widely asked question
about their successful journey is not answered. There were certain factors that led to Uber’s success.
Here’s a brief journey that Uber went through when it launched. Similar journey can be followed by
any startup which aims to make it as big as Uber.

The problem with local Taxis:

Earlier, people had to stand on the street side and wave their hand in order to signal a taxi to stop.
The wait time, the inconvenience and high rates were a problem for everyone. Quite a few taxis were
available and drivers / taxi companies used to charge whatever they thought was right. There was no
control on prices and people were left with no other option. Apart from this, the situation was worse
during the peak hours as it was quite hard to find an empty cab.

The launch of Uber:

Uber recognized the ongoing problem in regard to booking a taxi and gave a technological solution
through a mobile app. The solution to book a cab by tapping a smart phone brought a revolution in
the taxi industry. The app was officially launched in 2010 and soon became popular due to the value
it provided to people.

The early adopters:

It is quite difficult to market a newly launched product or service in any geographical area. What
gave it the edge is that it launched in San Francisco, a city which is home to tech savvy people. The
first drivers on the platform came through cold calling. Many of them were professional drivers with
other cab companies or were self employed as a taxi driver.

To get their first customers, they took to social media and other mass marketing means. It offered
discounts, free rides and rates that were too less as compared to other cab services in 23 the city. The
first customers were those who enthusiastically wanted to try the new service. It offered rides from

14
club venues to user’s doorstep so the party people were amazed. It offered rides to the corporate
sector who worked in offices helping them to save time.

Word of Mouth advertising:

Whosoever took a ride in Uber was baffled by the first-hand experience. This made the early users to
become regular customers and they also helped spread the name by word of mouth advertising. This
word of mouth advertising was one of the major driving forces.

Main Growth opportunities tapped by Uber:

– Party people who go to clubs, parties or events.

– Business Travelers and Tourists.

– Cab at doorstep in bad weather conditions.

– City’s Nightlife.

Uber Technologies, Inc., also

commonly known as Uber, is an
American
technology company. The
company was discovered in
March 2009, and it became a
15
public company in May 2019
after being incorporated in the
New York Stock
Exchange. The company
headquarters is located in San
Francisco, with operations
in over 900 metropolitan areas
globally. It offers various
services, including ride-
hailing, food delivery through
Uber Eats, couriers, package
delivery, freight
transportation, and motorized
scooter rental, and electric
bicycle through a Lime

16
partnership. The company has an
estimated 93 million monthly
active users globally
on its platform. It has a 71%
market share for ride-sharing and
a 22% market share
for food delivery in the United
States.

17
 CHAPTER NO.3 LITERATURE
REVIEW
(2 to 3 pages)

(Matherne, 2017)

This case uses Uber Technologies Inc. to engage students in a serious conversation about how a firm
both affects its stakeholders and is affected by its stakeholders as well as the role of strategic
leadership in the amount of emphasis placed on ethical practices. Uber represents a visible high-
growth startup that has received considerable positive and negative attention in the media; however,
few people know of the extent of its aggressive management approach.

(Kandinskaia, 2021)

Students are introduced to several alternative methods of valuation, including the valuation based on
the “real options” theory. The novelty of the case is the link between valuation and the type of

18
innovation that the company represents. The suggested valuation frameworks, which include both
quantitative and qualitative assessments, are applicable not only in the context of an IPO valuation
but also in the context of any kind of M&A activity

(Korábová, 2019)
This paper provides an overview and a critical analysis of the sharing economy, which is a new
consumption paradigm driven by technological innovations and executed primarily through online
platforms. The goal is to provide insights into the current theoretical background, categorization of
the sharing activities, factors that shape consumer behavior in this context, as well as future outlooks
and impacts of this trend

(Horan, 2017)
The urban car service firm Uber is currently the most highly valued private startup company in the
world, with a venture capital valuation of over $68 billion based on direct investment of over $13
billion' from numerous prominent Silicon Valley investors.

(Chang, 2017)
The ridesharing economy has caught a great deal of attention from researchers and policymakers.
However, due to the dearth of available data, not much empirical evidence has been provided. This
article empirically assesses the economic impact of Uber service on taxi drivers’ business
performance using a case study in Taiwan as an illustration. A difference-in-difference model is
estimated using a population-based dataset of 29,434 taxi drivers. The results indicate that Uber
reduced regular taxi drivers’ service revenue by approximately 12 percent in the initial year and 18
percent in the third year of entry of Uber

(Urbinati, 2018)
This is done through a historical analysis of Uber, a widely discussed example of disruptive
innovation. The exploratory analysis suggests that the extant regulatory framework plays a key role
in influencing the impact that Uber has had on the taxi industry. By doing so, the paper points to the

19
importance — for future researchers — to study disruptive innovation by carefully placing it in the
regulatory context in which it takes place, given the importance that this aspect plays in influencing
the anatomy of the disruption phenomenon.

(Chen, 2019)
Technology has facilitated new, nontraditional work arrangements, including the ride-sharing
company Uber. Uber drivers provide rides anytime they choose. Using data on hourly earnings and
driving, we document driver utilization of this real-time flexibility. We propose that the value of
flexibility can be measured as deriving from time variation in the drivers’ reservation wage

20
CHAPTER NO 4

21
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
.

[4.1] OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH:

The research on financial management with reference to Uber has several key objectives, each aimed
at gaining a deeper understanding of the financial strategies and practices employed by Uber. These
objectives include:

To Analyze Uber's Financial Performance: Assess Uber's financial performance by analyzing its
financial statements, key financial ratios, and trends over time. This includes examining metrics such
as revenue, profitability, liquidity, and solvency.

To Understand Uber's Revenue Models: Investigate and elucidate the various revenue models
employed by Uber, including ride-sharing, food delivery, and other business segments. Explore how
these models contribute to the company's overall financial health.

To Examine Financial Decision-Making: Investigate Uber's financial decision-making processes,

including capital allocation, investment strategies, and financial risk management. Understand how
the company makes strategic financial decisions to support its growth and profitability.

To Explore Funding and Capital Structure: Analyze Uber's funding history, including its initial
fundraising rounds, private equity investments, and its high-profile Initial Public Offering (IPO) in
2019. Examine how these events have influenced Uber's capital structure and financial stability.

22
[4.2] RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS: -

 (H1): Uber’s revenue diversification, including its expansion into food

delivery and other segments, has a positive impact on the company's
overall financial performance and stability.

 (H2): Uber's approach to international expansion, including its

management of regulatory challenges and currency risk, significantly
affects its financial success in global markets

[4.3] REAEARCH DESIGN:

Descriptive Research Design:

Descriptive research aims to describe characteristics, behaviors, or phenomena without
manipulating variables or making causal inferences.
In your project, descriptive research would involve providing an overview of Uber's
financial management practices, revenue models, funding history, and international
expansion strategies.
It includes summarizing financial data, analyzing trends, and presenting a detailed
description of various aspects related to Uber's financial management.

Analytical Research Design:

Analytical research involves examining relationships between variables and testing
hypotheses to understand causal relationships.
In your project, analytical research would include testing hypotheses related to Uber's
financial performance, revenue diversification impact, and international expansion
strategies' influence on financial success.
It involves statistical analysis to determine the significance of relationships and draw
conclusions based on the data collected.

23
 [4.4] SAMPLING PLAN:

Convenience Sampling:

Select executives and financial managers at Uber who are willing to participate in
interviews or surveys.
Choose financial analysts and experts from reputable firms or academic institutions who
have expertise relevant to the study.
Survey customers and drivers who have used Uber's services through online platforms or
at physical locations.

Stratified Sampling:

 Divide the population of Uber executives and financial managers into strata
based on their roles (e.g., CFO, financial analyst, operations manager).
 Ensure representation from different departments within Uber to capture diverse
perspectives.
 Stratify financial analysts based on their specialization and experience in the
technology or transportation sector.

[4.5] DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS TOOL: -

24
PRIMARY DATA:
Primary data is the data that is collected for the first time through personal experiences
or evidence, particularly for research. It is also described as raw data or first-hand
information. The mode of assembling the information is costly, as the analysis is done
by an agency or an external organization, and needs human resources and investment.
The investigator supervises and controls the data collection process directly.

SECONDARY DATA:

Secondary data is a second-hand data that is already collected and recorded by some
researchers for their purpose, and not for the current research problem. It is accessible
in the form of data collected from different sources such as government publications,
censuses, internal records of the organization, books, journal articles, websites and
reports, etc.
This study is purely based on secondary data which was already available.

[4.6] LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: -

1. Every research study has limitations, and it's important to acknowledge these

25
 limitations to provide transparency and context for the findings. In the case of
the study on financial management with reference to Uber, some potential
limitations might include:

2. Data Availability: Financial data for a publicly traded company like Uber is
typically available, but there may be limitations in terms of the specificity and
granularity of data accessible to researchers. Certain financial details may not be
disclosed due to privacy or competitive concerns.

3. Data Reliability: The accuracy and reliability of financial data can be a concern.
Data reported by companies may be subject to accounting treatments,
adjustments, or estimations, which could affect the precision of the analysis.

4. Limited Access to Key Stakeholders: Gaining access to key Uber executives,

including those responsible for financial decision-making, may be challenging.
Limited access can restrict the depth of insights that can be obtained through
interviews or surveys.

26
CHAPTER NO.5

27
 DATA COLLECTION & INTERPRETATION

(8 to 10 pages)
Dec 31, Dec 31, Dec
Name
2023 2021 20

Total Current Assets 11,297 8,819

Cash and Short Term Investments 5,407 4,295

Cash - -

Cash & Equivalents 4,680 4,295

Short Term Investments 727 0

Total Receivables, Net 4,121 2,992

Accounts Receivables - Trade, Net 3,404 2,439

Total Inventory - -

Prepaid Expenses 400 459

Other Current Assets, Total 1,369 1,073

Total Assets 38,699 38,774 3

Property/Plant/Equipment, Total - Net 3,314 3,241

Property/Plant/Equipment, Total - Gross 4,715 4,423

Accumulated Depreciation, Total -1,401 -1,182 -

Goodwill, Net 8,151 8,420

Intangibles, Net 1,425 2,412

Long Term Investments 6,454 12,606 1

Note Receivable - Long Term 717 553

Other Long Term Assets, Total 7,805 3,072

Other Assets, Total -1,772 -1,919

28
 Dec 31, Dec 31, Dec
Name
2023 2021 20

Total Current Liabilities 9,454 9,024

Accounts Payable 790

Payable/Accrued -

Accrued Expenses 5,766

Notes Payable/Short Term Debt 0

Current Port. of LT Debt/Capital Leases 499

Other Current liabilities, Total 2,399

Total Liabilities 26,017 2

Total Long Term Debt 9,781

Long Term Debt 9,459

Capital Lease Obligations 322

Deferred Income Tax 56

Minority Interest 1,433

Other Liabilities, Total 3,307

Total Equity 12,682 1

Redeemable Preferred Stock, Total 0

Preferred Stock - Non Redeemable, Net -

Common Stock, Total 0.02

Additional Paid-In Capital 42,264 3

Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) -30,594 -2

Treasury Stock - Common -

ESOP Debt Guarantee -

29
 Dec 31, Dec 31, Dec
Name
2023 2021 20

Unrealized Gain (Loss) 0

Other Equity, Total 1,012 -5

Total Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity 38,699 3

Total Common Shares Outstanding 2,071.14 1,8

Total Preferred Shares Outstanding - - -

* In Millions of USD (except for per share items)

30
31
 CHAPTER NO.6

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

1. Financial Performance Analysis:

• Revenue Growth and Diversification: Uber has demonstrated robust revenue

growth, driven primarily by its core ride-sharing business. However, the analysis
revealed a notable diversification of revenue streams, with Uber Eats and other
ancillary services contributing increasingly to the company's top-line growth. This
diversification strategy has enhanced revenue resilience and reduced dependency
on a single business segment.

• Profitability Metrics: Despite significant revenue growth, Uber's profitability

metrics exhibit mixed performance. While the company has achieved scale
economies and operational efficiencies in certain markets, sustained profitability
remains elusive due to persistent challenges such as regulatory hurdles, pricing
pressures, and competitive dynamics. Net profit margins remain constrained by

32
high operating expenses, including driver incentives, marketing costs, and legal
expenses.

2. Revenue Model Evaluation:

• Ride-Sharing Dominance: Uber's ride-sharing platform continues to be the

primary revenue driver, accounting for the majority of the company's total revenue.
The analysis revealed a high level of customer adoption and engagement,
supported by user-friendly interfaces, seamless booking experiences, and
competitive pricing strategies. However, increasing competition from local
incumbents and regulatory interventions pose threats to Uber's market share and
pricing power in certain regions.

• Emergence of Uber Eats: The study identified Uber Eats as a significant growth
engine for Uber, leveraging the company's existing logistics infrastructure and
customer base. The food delivery segment has experienced rapid expansion, fueled
by changing consumer preferences, urbanization trends, and the convenience of on-
demand meal delivery. Uber's strategic acquisitions and partnerships in the food
delivery space have strengthened its market position and diversified its revenue
streams.

3. International Expansion Strategies:

• Market Entry Dynamics: Uber's international expansion efforts have been

characterized by a combination of organic growth and strategic acquisitions. The
analysis revealed varying degrees of success in different markets, influenced by
regulatory environments, competitive landscapes, and cultural nuances. While Uber
has achieved market leadership in several key regions, including North America
and Europe, challenges persist in emerging markets such as Asia and Latin
America, where regulatory barriers and local competition pose significant
obstacles.

• Regulatory Challenges: Regulatory challenges emerge as a recurring theme in

Uber's international expansion journey. The study highlighted the company's

33
proactive engagement with regulators, advocacy for favorable regulatory
frameworks, and adaptation to local compliance requirements. However, regulatory
uncertainties, legal disputes, and policy changes continue to impact Uber's
operational flexibility and long-term growth prospects in certain markets.

4. Risk Management and Financial Decision-Making:

• Capital Allocation Priorities: Uber's financial decision-making processes

prioritize investments in growth initiatives, technology innovation, and market
expansion. The analysis revealed a balanced approach to capital allocation, with
strategic investments in core business segments complemented by divestitures of
non-core assets and strategic partnerships to optimize capital efficiency.

• Risk Mitigation Strategies: Uber employs a range of risk mitigation strategies to

address operational, financial, and regulatory risks. The study identified proactive
risk identification, scenario planning, and hedging strategies as key components of
Uber's risk management framework. Additionally, the company's focus on building
financial reserves, maintaining liquidity buffers, and diversifying funding sources
enhances its resilience to external shocks and economic uncertainties.

34
CHAPTER NO.7

35
 CONCLUSION

The study on financial management with reference to Uber has provided valuable
insights into the company's financial strategies, performance, and market dynamics.
Through comprehensive analysis and interpretation of financial data, coupled with a
review of relevant literature and industry trends, several key conclusions can be
drawn:

1. Financial Management Impact:

Uber's financial management practices play a pivotal role in shaping the company's
trajectory and resilience in the highly competitive ride-hailing industry. The
company's ability to effectively allocate capital, manage risks, and adapt to evolving
market conditions has been instrumental in sustaining growth and navigating
regulatory challenges.

2. Revenue Diversification:

The study underscores the importance of revenue diversification for Uber, particularly
in light of increasing competition and regulatory uncertainties in core ride-sharing
markets. The emergence of Uber Eats and other ancillary services as significant
revenue contributors reflects the company's strategic agility and commitment to
expanding its addressable market.

3. International Expansion Strategies:

Uber's international expansion efforts have been marked by a blend of opportunities

and challenges. While the company has achieved market leadership in key regions, it
continues to face regulatory hurdles, competitive pressures, and cultural complexities
in diverse markets. Effective localization strategies and proactive engagement with
stakeholders are critical to sustaining growth and enhancing long-term viability.

4. Innovation and Adaptation:

36
Uber's success story is rooted in its relentless pursuit of innovation and customer-
centricity. From its inception as a ride-sharing platform to its evolution into a multi-
modal transportation and logistics powerhouse, Uber has continuously adapted to
changing consumer preferences, technological advancements, and market dynamics.
This spirit of innovation remains central to Uber's future growth prospects and ability
to remain at the forefront of the sharing economy.

5. Future Outlook:

Looking ahead, Uber faces a myriad of opportunities and challenges as it seeks to

consolidate its position in existing markets and explore new growth avenues. Strategic
investments in technology, sustainability initiatives, and regulatory compliance will be
critical drivers of success. Moreover, fostering a culture of transparency,
accountability, and ethical leadership will be paramount in maintaining stakeholder
trust and navigating complex regulatory landscapes.

In conclusion, the study reaffirms Uber's status as a pioneering force in the sharing
economy, underscoring the company's resilience, adaptability, and commitment to
driving innovation. By leveraging its financial strengths, operational expertise, and
customer-centric ethos, Uber is well-positioned to navigate the challenges of
tomorrow and continue shaping the future of urban mobility on a global scale.

37
CHAPTER NO.8

38
 SUGGESTION

1. Longitudinal Study: Conduct a longitudinal study to track Uber's financial performance and
management practices over an extended period. This would provide deeper insights into the
company's evolution, including the impact of strategic decisions and market dynamics on its
financial health.
2. Comparative Analysis: Compare Uber's financial management strategies with those of its
competitors in the ride-hailing and sharing economy sectors. Analyze how different companies
approach capital allocation, risk management, and revenue diversification to gain competitive
advantage and sustain growth.
3. Regulatory Environment: Explore the regulatory landscape governing ride-hailing services in
various countries and its implications for Uber's financial management. Investigate how regulatory
changes impact Uber's operations, financial performance, and strategic decision-making.
4. Technological Innovation: Investigate the role of technological innovation in shaping Uber's
financial management practices. Explore how investments in technologies such as autonomous
vehicles, artificial intelligence, and mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) impact Uber's cost structure,
revenue streams, and market competitiveness.
5. Customer Preferences: Conduct research on evolving consumer preferences and behavior in
the transportation and delivery sectors. Explore how changing customer expectations influence
Uber's revenue models, pricing strategies, and service offerings.
6. Sustainability Initiatives: Evaluate Uber's sustainability initiatives and their financial
implications. Assess the effectiveness of measures such as electric vehicle adoption, carbon offset
programs, and green logistics in enhancing Uber's financial performance and corporate reputation.
7. Risk Management Strategies: Examine Uber's risk management strategies in response to
emerging threats such as cybersecurity breaches, geopolitical instability, and public health crises.
Assess the effectiveness of risk mitigation measures and contingency plans in safeguarding Uber's
financial resilience.
8. Corporate Governance Practices: Investigate Uber's corporate governance structure and
practices, particularly in relation to financial oversight, transparency, and accountability. Evaluate
the impact of governance reforms on investor confidence, stakeholder trust, and long-term
sustainability.
9. Employee Engagement and Retention: Explore the link between Uber's financial performance
and its human resource management practices. Analyze how employee engagement, diversity,
inclusion, and talent development initiatives contribute to Uber's competitiveness and financial
success.
10. Emerging Markets Expansion: Investigate Uber's expansion strategies in emerging markets
and their implications for financial management. Assess the opportunities and challenges associated
with market penetration, regulatory compliance, and localization efforts in diverse cultural and
economic context

39
ANEXXURE
Questionnaire

40
 REFERENCES

( 1To 2 pages)

WEBSITE

 https://m.uber.com/

 https://www.uber.com/in/en/

 https://heinonline.org/

 https://www.uber.com/in/en/

 http : //www.allrideapps.com/taxi

 https://www.managementstudyguide.com/financial-management.htm [4]

 https://www.toppr.com/guides/business-environment/business-functions/financial-

 http://www.businessofapps.com/data/uber-statistics/

 https://pestleanalysis.com/pestle-analysis-ub

BOOK

 Research methodology, by C. R. Kothari

41
Bibliography
(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.softwareadvisoryservice.com/en/software/introduction-to-accounting-
software/
(n.d.).
Chang, H. H. (2017). The economic effects of Uber on taxi drivers in Taiwan. Journal of Competition Law &
Economics, 475-500.
Chen, M. K. (2019). The value of flexible work Evidence from Uber drivers. journal of political economy,
2735-2794.
Horan, H. (2017). Will the growth of Uber increase economic welfare. Transp. LJ 44, 33.
.
Kandinskaia, O. a. (2021). Assessing value of a digital company: Uber’s IPO 2019. . The CASE Journal, 588-
624.
Korábová, E. (2019). Analysis of the sharing economy trend. Lauder Business School .
Matherne, B. P. (2017). Uber: Aggressive management for growth." . ." The Case Journal , : 561-586.
Urbinati, A. C. (2018). An exploratory analysis on the contextual factors that influence disruptive innovation.
International Journal of Innovation and Technology Managemen, 185.

State Bank of India

Standalone Balance Sheet ------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------

Mar 23 Mar 23 Mar 22 Mar 22 Mar 21

12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths

EQUITIES AND LIABILITIES

SHAREHOLDER'S FUNDS

Equity Share Capital 892.46 892.46 892.46 892.46 892.46

Total Share Capital 892.46 892.46 892.46 892.46 892.46

42
Revaluation Reserve 27,756.26 0.00 23,377.87 0.00 23,577.35

Reserves and Surplus 298,959.73 326,715.99 255,817.73 279,195.60 229,405.38

Total Reserves and Surplus 326,715.99 326,715.99 279,195.60 279,195.60 252,982.73

Total ShareHolders Funds 327,608.45 327,608.45 280,088.06 280,088.06 253,875.19

Deposits 4,423,777.78 4,423,777.78 4,051,534.12 4,051,534.12 3,681,277.08

Borrowings 493,135.16 493,135.15 426,043.38 426,043.38 417,297.70

Other Liabilities and Provisions 272,457.15 272,457.15 229,931.84 229,931.85 181,979.66

Total Capital and Liabilities 5,516,978.53 5,516,978.53 4,987,597.41 4,987,597.41 4,534,429.63

ASSETS

Cash and Balances with Reserve Bank of

247,087.58 247,087.58 257,859.21 257,859.21 213,201.54
India

Balances with Banks Money at Call and

60,812.04 60,812.04 136,693.11 136,693.11 129,837.17
Short Notice

Investments 1,570,366.23 1,570,366.23 1,481,445.47 1,481,445.47 1,351,705.21

Advances 3,199,269.30 3,199,269.30 2,733,966.59 2,733,966.59 2,449,497.79

Fixed Assets 42,381.80 42,381.80 37,708.16 37,708.16 38,419.24

Other Assets 397,061.58 397,061.58 339,924.86 339,924.87 351,768.68

Total Assets 5,516,978.53 5,516,978.53 4,987,597.41 4,987,597.41 4,534,429.63

OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Number of Branches 22,405.00 0.00 22,266.00 0.00 22,219.00

Number of Employees 235,858.00 0.00 244,250.00 0.00 245,652.00

Capital Adequacy Ratios (%) 14.68 14.68 13.85 13.83 13.74

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Tier 1 (%) 12.06 0.00 11.16 0.00 11.44

Tier 2 (%) 2.62 0.00 2.69 0.00 2.30

ASSETS QUALITY

Gross NPA 90,927.78 90,927.78 112,023.00 112,023.37 126,389.00

Gross NPA (%) 2.78 3.00 4.00 4.00 5.00

Net NPA 21,466.64 21,466.64 27,965.71 27,965.71 36,809.72

Net NPA (%) 0.67 0.67 1.02 1.02 1.50

Net NPA To Advances (%) 0.67 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES, COMMITMENTS

Bills for Collection 64,531.08 0.00 77,730.12 0.00 1,706,949.91

43
Contingent Liabilities 1,826,574.12 0.00 2,007,083.44 0.00 1,706,949.91

44