FINISHING CONSTRUCTION

WORKS
Level – I
Based on March 2022, Curriculum Version I

Module Title: - Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing

Works

Module code: EIS FCW1 M 02 0822

Nominal duration: 60Hour

Prepared by: Ministry of Labour and Skill

Aug, 2022
 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Table of Content
Acknoledgment
Introduction to the Module......................................................................................................... 5

Unit one: Plan and prepare ......................................................................................................... 6

1.1. Obtain work instructions ............................................................................................... 7
1.2. Following Safety (OHS) requirements ......................................................................... 7
1.3. Selecting tools and equipment .................................................................................... 12
1.4. Calculating material quantity ...................................................................................... 16
1.5. Preparing materials ..................................................................................................... 18
1.6. Identifying Environmental protection…………………………………………......19

Self check-1 ............................................................................................................................... 21

Operation sheet-1 ...................................................................................................................... 22
Lap Test-1 ................................................................................................................................. 22

Unit Two: Identify and indicate site boundaries................................................................ 23

2.1. Location Site survey .................................................................................................... 24
2.2. Set out string line ......................................................................................................... 32
Self check-2 ............................................................................................................................... 34
Operation sheet 2. ..................................................................................................................... 35
Lap Test-2 ................................................................................................................................. 36

Unit Three: Setting out first line for building alignment................................................. 37

3.2. Determining measurements of building line ................................................................ 38
3.2. Determining site plan and survey pegs ........................................................................ 41
3.3. Install pegs,profile and marking footing width on profile......................................... 47
3.4. Mark set location line on profile .................................................................................50
Self check-3 ............................................................................................................................... 59
Operation sheet-3 ...................................................................................................................... 60
Lap Test-3 ................................................................................................................................. 61

Unit Four: Setting out right angled corners .......................................................................... 62

4.1. Determining corner on set building line ..................................................................... 63
4.2. Setting up right angle .................................................................................................. 67
4.3. Installing profiles set line angled ............................................................................... 68

Page 2 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 4.4. Checking diagonal measurement and adjust square ................................................. 69
Self check-4 ............................................................................................................................... 72
Operation sheet-4 ...................................................................................................................... 73
Reference ................................................................................................................................... 75

Acknowledgment

Ministry of Labor and Skills wish to extend thanks and appreciation to the many representatives
of TVET instructors and respective industry experts who donated their time and expertise to the
development of this Teaching, Training and Learning Materials (TTLM).

Page 3 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Acronym
OHS = Occupational Health Standard
PPE = Personal Safety Equipment
MSDS = Material Safety Data Sheet
TTLM = Teaching, Training and Learning Materials

Page 4 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Introduction to the Module
The Setting out Profile Set-up for Finishing Works helps to know how to prepare for work; how
to Identify and indicate site boundaries to bed joints and to know how to Setting out first line for
building alignment, Setting out right angled corners up in finishing construction field. This
module covers skill, knowledge and attitude requires to carryout pointing works in different
background.
This module is designed to meet the industry requirement under the Finishing construction
work occupational standard, particularly for the unit of competency: Carry out pointing Setting
out Profile Set-up for Finishing Works

This module covers the units:

 Plan and prepare
 Identify and indicate site boundaries

 Set out first line for building alignment

 Set out right angled corners
Learning Objective of the Module
 Plan and preparing
 Identify and indicate site boundaries

 Setting out first line for building alignment

 Setting out right angled corners
Module Instruction
For effective use this modules trainees are expected to follow the following module instruction:
1. Read the information written in each unit
2. Accomplish the Self-checks at the end of each unit
3. Perform Operation Sheets which were provided at the end of units
4. Do the “LAP test” giver at the end of each unit and
5. Read the identified reference book for Examples and exercise

Page 5 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Unit one: Plan and prepare
This unit is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content
coverage and topics
 Work Instructions
 Follow safety requirements
 Select tools and equipment
 Calculate material quantity
 Prepare materials
 Environmental protection
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the above topics.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Obtain Work instructions, including plans and specifications.

 Follow safety requirements accordance with safety plans and policies

 Select tools and equipment to carry out tasks and serviceability
 Calculate material quantity requirements with plans and/or specifications
 Prepare materials
 Identified for the project Environmental protection.

Page 6 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
1.1 Obtain work instructions
Work Instructions are documents that clearly and precisely describe the correct way to perform
certain tasks that may cause inconvenience or damage if not done in the established manner. That
is, describe, dictate or stipulate the steps that must be followed to correctly perform any specific
activity or work Created by engineers showing off their technical understanding. Of course, it
is important to be compliant, but if you really want your work instructions to be effective you
need to start with the employee Work instruction including plans, specification and quality
requirement etc.

1.2 Follow Safety (OHS) requirements

Safety is the right way of doing to avoid accident, follows direction to prevent wastage of time,
energy & money

Safety Equipment needed when tiling floors includes, but limited to:

Steel capped boots or steel capped rubber boots - Shoes should be quality shoes that have steel
caps in the toe. There are types for most occasions including working on the ground, below
ground in trenches or on the roof. Safety shoes protect you from objects falling onto the front of
your feet. Shoes need to be a quality product that can flex sufficiently when you are required to
climb ladders or similar. Do not wear thongs or open foot-ware as you can easily receive serious
damage to your feet. Most building sites will ban such practices

A .Safety Boots & Shoes Superb range of work safety boots & shoes from Redwood, Capps,
Capps Composite & Panoply.

Fig 1.1 Safety boots & shoes

B. Safety glasses
Always use for cutting tiles - Eye protection is a must where there is a chance of getting
something caught in your eyes. Far worse than this is the chance that something may pierce your
eye. It is recommended that people wear quality protective safety glasses all of the time. They
may also be lightly tinted for sun protection. These are not expensive and can look quite
fashionable. Once again, many people take this advice far too lightly and only wish they had

Page 7 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
listened when told of the dangers. Other forms of eye protection are available including full face
shields.

Fig 1.2 Safety glasses

C. Ear protection
Hearing protection is essential where ever excessive noise is being created i.e. more than 70
decibels. Circular saws that cut brick, timber, tiles and other materials create a noise level that
can permanently damage your hearing

Fig 1.3 Ear protection

Healthy workers need

1. Shade for rest breaks

2. Dry areas to prepare food and drink on rainy days
3. Facilitates for washing hands
4. A room to change in and out of working clothes
First aid: - a building site should have a first aid box which as a minimum contains
 Plaster
 Bandages
 Ointment
 Disinfectant
Page 8 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Someone on site should be in charge of the box and know how to with broken bones,
burns and electric shocks

Fig 1.4. First Aid Box

Classification of safety
1. Personal safety (PPE & HSE)

2. Safety hand tools & equipment‟s

3. Safety working area

Page 9 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
4. Safety rules & regulation of in the construction site.

5. First aid. (plaster, disinfectant, bandage, ointment).

A. Personal safety
- wear appropriate /necessary cloth the work.

1. Helmet/hard hat : - to protect the head of the worker from any falling of object dropping
high level during construction site.

Fig 1.5 Helmet/hard hat

2. Fall Arrest Equipment

Excellent selection of quality fall arrest equipment (PPE) from Panoply (previously branded
Formant). The range includes: fall arrest kits (suitable for safflowers), full body fall arrest
harnesses, energy (shock) absorbing lanyards, retractable fall arrest blocks, ladder fall arrest
system, rope & webbing fall restraint lanyards (not for fall arrest), karabiners and safety scaffold
hooks. All Panoply fall protection equipment is compliant with the relevant EN safety standards.

Page 10 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Fig 1.6 Fall Arrest Equipment

3. Glove: - to protect the worker from oil, chemical, dust & and other dangerous materials
at affect the skin.

Fig 1.7 Glove

Page 11 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 1.3. Selecting tools and equipment
Selected to carry out tasks are consistent with the requirements for the job, checked for
serviceability & any faults rectified or reported prior to commencement.

1.3.1 Types of Tools and Equipment

Power tools come in many shapes and forms, each designed for a specific purpose
There are two main types of tools and equipment used for silicone applications:

 Powered tools
 Hand tools
Hand tools
The following is a list of other hand tools commonly used in silicone:
 Soap spray bottle
 Stanley knife
 Paper towels
 Paddle Pop sticks
 Newspaper
 Vacuum Cleaner
 Brush and shovel
 Old Towel
 Brush
 Roller and Pan
 Knee guards (PPE)
 Small trestle for heights
 Broom & rubbish bin

Plumb bob
Plum bob is made of metal. When suspended from a vertically attached string, it is employed to
check the vertical alignment of corners and surface of walls. A freely hanging plumb bob gives
exactly the vertical alignment, because any undisturbed freely hanging mass points to the center
of the earth. Plumb bob for vertical marking & leveling.

Page 12 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Fig 3.1 Plumb bob

Alignment string /masons’ line

Alignment string /mason line/, sometimes called, Fish line, is a rope used to transfer horizontal &
vertical alignments or lines, i.e., use to mark baseline on the floor or vertical point alignments of
wall. In other words, it is used to align the walling blocks, (stone, bricks, concrete blocks, hydra
form etc). It is available in different thickness & sizes in the market.

Fig 3.2 Alignment string /masons‟ line

 Chisels
It is used to cut and shape red-hot steel pieces. Since heated steel is many times softer than cold
steel, these chisels are not typically hardened or tempered. The blade of the hot chisel is ground
on one face, so that the bottom face of the blade can ride flush against the surface of the anvil.
The portion of a tool or machine with an edge that is designed to puncture, chop scrape surfaces.

Flat Chisels Point Chisels

Fig 3.3 Chisels

Page 13 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Water levels

 It is a transparent PVC hose. It is used to transfer or mark vertical levels on surface of wall
when it is filled with water, but without any air bubbles. The water level in each end of the
hose is equal. It is an instrument to mark equal levels on site. It is very accurate but not eases
to handle

Fig 3.4 water level

Straight edge/Level/:- This is a perfectly straight metal/aluminum/ with all long and short
edges parallel to its centerline. It is employed to check straight alignments of walls. Its length
ranges from 2m up to 4m. Together with the sprit level, it can be used to bridge over the point to
be checked. A straight edge/Level/ can also be made from a wooden plank with perfectly parallel
edges.

Fig 3.5 Straight edge/Level

Spirit level:-It is used to control the horizontal and vertical alignment of wall surface and
edges. The length is at least 40, 80 to 120cm long. It is made of metal, synthetic material or
wood. It has two measuring bubbles: one is located at mid length is used to check horizontal
positions. While the second one, at the end, is used to check vertical position.

Page 14 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Fig 3.6 Spirt Level

 Hammers
Hammer tool for cutting and trimming bricks and blocks and removing debris

Fig 3.7 Hammers

 Meters
Measuring tape is used to measure dimensions of building parts and distances in site. It is
manufactured from steel, plastic or fiber in lengths of 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 30m, etc. and 50m. In
using tapes for measurements, the two points should be aligned perfectly. In addition, when long
horizontal measurements are needed, care should be taken to avoid sag on the tape meters.

Page 15 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Fig 3.8 Meters

1. 4 .Calculating material quantity

1.4.1 Calculate the area of the wall and floor tile

Calculating material quantity when the area of the floor tile is 6 m x 8 m and the size of
the tile is 3Com x 3Com and the wastage gives in 5%

A. calculate the area of the tile

B. what is the number of the tile

C. what is the wastage

D. what is the total amount of tile that covered this area

GIVEN L═, 8m

W═, 6m

Wastage═, 5%

Solution area, LXW

8m x 6m

═48 m2

Number of tile ═area of tile ═8m x 6m∕0.3x0.3

Tile size

═ 533.33 pcs

Wastage ═ 5∕100 x 533.33 pcs ═ 26. 67 pcs

Page 16 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 A. what is the total amount of tile that covered this area

═ Number of tile + Wastage

═ 533.33pcs + 26. 67pcs

═ 560pcs

30cmx30cm of tile 1pack ═11pcs ═560pcs∕11pcs═51pack

? ═ 560pcs

Measure the area of this wall and floor L.═10m

W═7m

1.5 Preparing materials

Typical beneficiation processes include crushing, roasting, magnetic separation, flotation,
and leaching. Second, additional processes such as smelting and alloying are used to produce
the metal that is to be fabricated into parts that are eventually assembled into a product.
If the surface is smooth or has low absorption rate, then mineral based bonding coat should be
applied first to provide a mechanical key for subsequent layers.

Page 17 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Fig5.1 finishing materials

1.5.1 Applying safe handling techniques

Mix plastering compounds using hand or mechanical mixing techniques Materials appropriate to
the work application are identified, obtained, prepared, safely handled and Types of finishing
compounds compatible with project-based assessment techniques fully replicate ... follow safe
handling requirements
Sorting solid plastering material and component

Fig5.2 hand or mechanical mixing techniques Materials

Sorting solid plastering material and component Storing Solid plastering material and
components are identified on delivery to site and checked for conformity to material schedule,
plans and quality requirements

1.6 Identifying Environmental protection

Environmental plans and regulatory obligations and apply.

Environmental protection begins at the building site with the air workers have to breathe. They
should be protected from any fumes from construction machinery, as well as fumes from

Page 18 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
building waste or materials which need to be carefully separated and properly recycled or
disposed of when the job is complete, the soil should be treated as a valuable asset and left
unpolluted
In practice, smaller building sites where "prior consent" has not been sought can cause
problems to immediate neigh bourse.

Common Hazards
1. Cave in of ground
2. Collapse of Trench walls
3. Instability of adjoining structures
4. Contaminated environment
5. Contact with services
6. Inrush of water
7. Hazardous atmosphere
8. Falling loads
9. Placement of loads
10. Hazardous materials
Relevant principles of this act, which
could impact on the contract, include:

That pollution and degradation of the environment must be avoided or, where they cannot be
altogether avoided, are kept to a minimum and corrected.
That waste is avoided, or where it cannot be altogether avoided, minimized. That negative
impacts of the contract, on the environment and the people in the environment, are prevented and
where they cannot be altogether prevented, are kept to a minimum and corrected.
absence of mitigation construction and operations activities
The following construction and operations activities as having potential, in the absence of
mitigation, to result in the introduction of deleterious substances (contaminated runoff) into the
River:
Hazardous materials spill in the vicinity of the river/marsh during the course of roadway
construction.
Release of re-suspended, contaminated bottom sediments during the course of construction of
roadway embankment over Riel Pond
Page 19 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
During operation, introduction of contaminants (deleterious substances) into the River Marsh as
a result of discharge of roadway/bridge runoff from storm water management facilities.
During operation, release of hazardous materials as result of a spill associated with a vehicular
accident on the roadway, bridge deck or approaches.
During operation, introduction of contaminants (deleterious substances) into the Sturgeon
River/Riel Marsh as a result of roadway/bridge maintenance procedures
The above-described environmental protection measures will achieve the following:
 Minimization of the potential for hazardous materials spills to occur during
construction
 Minimization of the potential for any spill occurring during construction or operation
to reach the Sturgeon River or Riel Marsh.

Page 20 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Self-Check -1 Plan and prepare

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:
I. choice the correct answer from the alternatives (12%)
1. _________used for picking up mortar out of the barrel, spreading mortar on the tile. (Points 2)
A. Straight edge C. Trowel
B. Hose level D. Plum bob
2.______ is used to control the horizontal and vertical alignment of wall. (2 point)
A. Float C. Scissors
B. Trowel D. Spirit level
3._____is anything that prevents people or vehicles from getting through. (3 points)
A. Barricade. C. Signage
B. Interpreting D. sign
4.__________________________ is medical attention that is typically administered immediately
after an injury or illness occurs. (3 points)
A. Injury C. First aid
B. Emergency . D. Accident
5. Which of the following are used to keep our eye from accident? (2 point).

A. Helmet C. Glove

B. Goggle. D. Apron

6.________________ is essential that you identify the appropriate environmental controls for the
project you are working on. (2points)

A. plan C. Job specifications

B. Environmental plans and procedures for the worksite D. all of the above

Page 21 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Satisfactory rating above 6 unsatisfactory below 6

Answer Sheet
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
1----------------------------------- 3. ---------------------------
Rating: ____________
2. ----------------------------- 4. -----------------------------
OPERATION SHEET-1

OPERATION TITLE: - Plan and prepare.

PURPOSE: - used to develop work habit & create work opportunity
CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS FOR THE OPERATIONS: -
 Wear appropriate clothes, shoe ...
 Ensure the work shop hazard free
 Ensure the working area is bright / good visibility
 Make workstation comfortable
 Use standard & specifications
EQUIPMENT and TOOLS
Trowel, bucket, brush, Tape rule paper, sponge
PROCEDURE,
1. apply OHS rules
2. read and interpret working drawing
2. 1. To know Abbreviation & Symbols
2.2. To know Specifications
3.Identify use of tools & materials
4. measuring & mixing materials
PRECAUTIONS: -
Wear working cloth and shoes which properly fit with your body
Make working area hazard free
QUALITY CRITERIA:
-The Trainee should be Intended all activities prepare for work on the given procedure.

Page 22 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 LAP Test 1 Prepare and Prepare
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________
Time started: __________________Time finished: ________________
Instructions: Given necessary templates /guide, workshop, tools and materials you are
required to perform the following tasks within 1:00 hours.
Task1. Identify & apply tools with plan & prepare for work.
Task2. Acquiring procedures and information with plans & specification.
Task3. Making workstation ready and safe for top overhaul works Task4.

Page 23 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Unit Two: Identify and indicate site boundaries
This unit to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content coverage
and topics:
 Locating site survey
 Set out string line
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the above topics
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Accurately Locating site survey

 Building set-out starts with the designer line

Page 24 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
2.1. Location Site survey
It shows the location, size and nature of the plot, on which the building is to be constructed. and
the immediate surroundings in the scale.
The exact position of the building and the boundary is marked by the building line which is
defined by the municipality of the town or city.

2.1.1 Preparing work area

In order to provide the site worker with a set-up which allows him to carry out the process
required efficiently, effectively and economically, the site should organize in proper manner.
A proper building Site has to be organized according to the following measures.

 Safety precautions have to be followed

 Economic aspects has to be taken into account
 Environmental protection has to be considered
 Should ensure that adequate support personnel are available
 Should be checked adequate tools, equipment‟s and other auxiliary tools are on site.

2.1.2 Working drawing interpretation

Working drawing:-They are prepared in greater detail with all dimensions given to avoid the
need for taking measurements from scale. They comprise of all plans and elevations as well as an
adequate number of cross-sections. Materials to be used for the various parts of the building
should be indicated in different symbols. They are the most important components of building
drawings since they provide detail information on the internal as well as the external view
of a building.

2.1.3 SITE PLAN

A site is a parcel of land which is made up of one, two or more plots. Site plan is a drawing
showing various properties in terms of their owners, locations, elevations, states of development
and features such as roads, utility supply lines, etc.

Page 25 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Figure 2-1 site plan
2.1.4. Components of a site plan

 Survey beacons: these are concrete pillars located at principal corners of the site and at
every change in the direction of boundaries. They define the boundary and area of the
site.
 Elevations: these are the different heights on the surface of the site in relation to a
standard reference point known as the bench mark (BM).
 Locations: which have equal elevations are joined together using contour lines. These
lines help to define the topography of the land within a site.
 Site orientation: these refer to a system of defining the site in terms of its direction to the
north, south, east and west. Orientation is important in planning the building area to make
in to consideration such factors as the direction of rain, wind.
 Physical features: these are permanent objects or features existing within the site or
adjoining sites which are used for referencing or identification of the site.
Example
 Existing buildings, trees, roads, fences, etc.
 Access road: these shows the means of reaching the site.
 Utilities: A site plan shows utility supply lines such as for water, electricity and gas.
Procedures to set out a building
1. Collect the necessary tools, equipment & materials
 Working drawings
 Sharp pegs
 Timber Profiles
 Mason sledge hammer to drive pegs
Page 26 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
  Claw Hammer & nails
 A ball of string to create the out line
 Builder‟s square
 Steel tape
 Water level
 Plumb bob
2. Determine the frontage line on the site. That is the line beyond which the new building
must notproject. It can be positioned by referring to the layout plan of the building. Pegs
are driven in atpositions which are clear off the structure and a string line is then strained
between these two pegs (1 and 2), secured to nails in, the top of each.
3. (corners) of the building. It is from these pegs that a line is strained at 90° to the frontage
line.On a single rectangular building of modest size, the builder's square would be adequate
to set this right angle. Alternatively the 3-4 -5 formula can be applied by means of tape. By
measuring 3 m on the frontage line and 4 m on the return with a 5 m hypotenuse a right-
angle will have been formed.
4. Which again is kept well clear of the structure. From this point it is possible to position the
last two quoin pegs (7 and 8) at distances taken from the drawing between the frontage line
and the rear line of the building.
5. Diagonally from peg 3 to peg 8 and then from peg 4 to peg 7 - these distances should be
exactly the same if the building is rectangular and all angles are right angles.

Page 27 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Figure 2.2 Checking setting out profile
2.1.5 Boundary lines
The boundary is the line that defines the perimeter of a lot. Boundary lines are needed to
establish legal ownership of land for purposes such as property or land sales. For this reason,
boundary lines are usually determined by licensed surveyors
A. Marking the boundary
The first task in the process of setting out a building is identifying the exact size and
shape of the lot. Boundaries are used as reference lines from which measurements are
made to determine the position of the building.

Page 28 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 LOT 1 LOT 3
Metres

PROPOSED
BUILDING
Metres

B, locating the boundary markers

The size and shape of building lots are determined by a licensed surveyor from the registered
plan of the area. The surveyor identifies the site features by driving survey pegs into the ground at
appropriate points, eg boundary corners and easement positions, and issues a survey certificate
showing where the site boundaries are

and how they can be identified. The survey certificate is used by the architect when designing the
building and creating site plan.

CE RTIFICATE O F SURV EY

Vestibulum ante ipsum prim is ifaucibus or c i l u ct

Quisque nulla ex , placerat eu sagittis

Vestibulum ante ipsum prim is ifaucibus

Vest ibu lum ante

ipsum prim is in
faucibus orci

Morem ipsum dolor sit am et, conse Buam sem partos

ratio quam sem

Morbi placerat quam sem Buam sem partos

a cer at q u a m

Lorem ipsum dolor sit am et,

co ns ec tet ur adipi scing elit .

Morbi placerat quam sem Morbi pla cerat quamipsum

Lorem sem ,
eu aliquam odio.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit am et, dolor sit am et, consectetur adipiscing
N elit. cons ec tet ur Morbi placerat quam sem , adipiscing
elit.

Figure 2.3 boundary markers

C. Reading the site plans

 A site plan shows the entire lot or at least the part of the lot where the building
will be. It provides most of the important information for setting out a building
and includes the:
Page 29 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
  size and shape of the lot
 position of boundary lines
 position and distance between the boundary pegs
 direction the building is facing
 contour lines showing the topography of the lot
Proposed building outline in relation to the boundaries

String lines

String lines are some of the oldest and most basic hand tools used in building and construction.
They‟re usually made from nylon or fine cotton string about 2–3 mm indiameter and used to
create a straight line between two points.

A string line is set up by attaching one end of the string to a nail fixed into the top of a timber
peg that‟s been driven into the ground. The string is then pulled taut (tight) and securely
fastened to another peg.
A stringline is set up by attaching one end of the string to a nail fixed into the top of a timber peg
Thethat’s
site should be cleared
been driven of all
into the unwanted
ground. obstacles
The string before
is then stringlines
pulled areand
taut (tight) set securely
out and care
fastened to
another
should peg. to avoid any distortion to the line caused by wind, unevenground, plants and
be taken
Theor
grass, site should be cleared of all unwanted obstacles before stringlines are set out and care should be
debris
taken to avoid any distortion to the line caused by wind, unevenground, plants and grass, or debris.
Where you set the stringlines to identify the site boundaries will depend on different factors,
including:

 the shape of the lot

Page 30 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
  the position of the proposed building
 obstacles such as trees or existing structures
 buildings built on the existing boundary line on adjacent lots fences on the boundary line
of adjacent lots
Corner peg
As the name suggests, corner pegs are used to mark the main corners of the lot. They have a
metal or plastic plate fixed to the top with one or more numbers corresponding to the lot number
of the lots it separates.
Corner pegs are approximately 50 mm X 50 mm and havea clout nail in the top which marks the
exact point the boundary lines intersect. They‟re usually painted white for easy identification

. Truncated corner peg

A truncated corner is where the corner of the lot has been cut off and is not square (90°).
Truncated corners are marked with 75 × 75 mm pegs which are painted red to identify that there
is a change of direction to the boundary line

LOT 47

Page 31 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Because boundary pegs are short and sit only 20 mm or so above the ground, they can be easily
buried and therefore hard to find. For this reason, they‟re usually marked with a 500 mm peg
with a brightly covered ribbon tied to it.

It‟s always a good idea to confirm the position of boundary pegs by taking site measurements.
Irregular-shaped lots should be doubled-checked and care must be taken not to confuse boundary
pegs with survey pegs belonging to an adjoining block of different dimensions.
Dimensions shown on plans always represent the distance across a level, horizontal plane. If a
measurement is taken with a tape along the ground on a sloping block, the distance will be
shorter than it should be. All distances between survey pegs on flat, sloping or steep sites must
be measured horizontally to eliminate any accumulated error; that is, many small errors building
up to become a large error.

When conducting a site survey, consider these general steps:

 Obtain a facility diagram. ...
 Visually inspect the facility. ...
 Identify user areas. ...
 Determine preliminary wired and wireless access point locations. ...
 Verify access point locations. ...
 Document findings.

Page 32 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 2.2 Set out string line

When setting out a straight line with intermediate pins, the start and end pins are positioned first,
a string line pulled tight between the two, and then the intermediate pins established so that they
are just touching the taut string line.

2.2.1 Setting out building lines

a. Once the front and side setbacks have been established and the temporary pegs are in
place, you can begin setting out the profiles and stringlines to establish the exact size,
shape and position of the proposed building.
Part 1 – Setting out the first lines
The first two building lines are measured from the boundary line of the lot or, if
necessary, from an existing building.
Step 1
a) Install the first profiles A and B approximately 2–3 m from the temporary pegs
used to mark the corners of the proposed building.
Use a spirit level to make sure each ledger is level across the top face and an
optical or laser level to check that both profiles are approximately level with each
other.
b) Measure the front setback from the front boundary to the profiles.
Use a spirit level to transfer and mark the measured position from the ground to
the top of each ledger.
c) Fix a nail in the top of each ledger at the mark and set the string line A–B taut
between the nails to create the building line for the front of the proposed building

Step 2
a) Position the second set of profiles C and D and check that they‟re approximately
level with each other and all other profiles in the set-out.
b) Set the stringline C–D for the side building line of the proposed building, following
the process outlined in Step 1. Measurements for the side setback are taken from
the side boundary.
Page 33 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
A building is set out in order to accurately define the outline and width of the excavation and to
determine the center line of the proposed building walls, so that construction according to the
building professionals drawing (the architectural plan) plan can be transfer into the ground, this
building process is called setting out of building.

The center line method of setting out is generally preferred and adopted Setting out can be a very
complex engineering process but with need experience its quite easy. Experienced engineer and
surveyors are those involved in setting out of structures, in large projects, services of land
surveyors are required for more accurate transfer of levels and angles in setting out with the aid
of a Theodolite to decided point around the building area But we are going to concern ourselves
with the most common setting out method Setting out using pegging Setting out using blocks.
But here, we will be discussing Setting out using pegging.

Setting out a perpendicular

A perpendicular is a line that is at exactly 90° to a base line. They are essential to accurate setting
out, and are constructed using one of the fundamental principals of building work, the 3-4-5
triangle. From Pythagoras' theorem, we can establish that any triangle that has side lengths in the
ratio of 3:4:5 must be a right angled triangle.

Page 34 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
3-4-5 triangle

It doesn't matter if the side lengths are 3m, 4m and 5m, or 60 feet, 80 feet and 100 feet - as long
as the 3:4:5 ratio is maintained, the triangle will have a right angle. With longer side lengths,
however, accuracy of measurement can be become a problem, so we try to use a triangle with a
maximum hypotenuse length of around 15 meters, although this is not always possible. With
larger triangles, we will perform more check measurements to ensure accuracy.

Putting this knowledge to practical use, we can see from the construction plan for the driveway
that the shape of the drive is constructed from a series of rectangles and arcs. The most important
line to be set-out is the left-hand edge of the driveway, line A-B marked in red on the drawing,
which is perpendicular to the front of the house, and is aligned with the left-hand edge of the
doorway. To establish this perpendicular, we use a 3-4-5 triangle.

Page 35 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Self-Check -2 Identify and indicate site boundaries
Directions: Multiple Choice Items.

Instruction 1 Choose and write the letter of the best answer on the given answer sheet?
1). Where construction is being carried out, it‟s usually necessary to.

A. accurately locate boundary lines

B. determine ground conditions

C. verify the location of underground and overhead services
D. obtain site levels – it may appear flat or level, but appearances can be deceptive
E. All
2. Where you set the string lines to identify the site boundaries will depend on different
factors, including:
A. The position of the proposed building
B. Obstacles such as trees or existing structures
C. Buildings built on the existing boundary line on adjacent lots
D. Fences on the boundary line of adjacent lots.
E. All
3. The standards shall apply to the field definition and reporting of site boundaries.

a) Observed boundaries
b) Arbitrary boundaries
c) Natural boundaries
d) All
Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points

Answer Sheet 1. -------------

2. -------------- 3.--------------------------

Page 36 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Name: _________________________ Date: ____________

OPERATION SHEET-2

OPERATION TITLE: - Identify and indicate site boundaries

PURPOSE: - used to develop work habit & create work opportunity

CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS FOR THE OPERATIONS: -

 Wear appropriate clothes, shoe ...

 Ensure the work shop hazard free
 Ensure the working area is bright / good visibility
 Make workstation comfortable
 Use standard & specifications
EQUIPMENT TOOLS

 Measuring tapes/rules, straight edges,

 Sledge hammers/lump hammers,
 Hammers, hand saws, nail bags, string lines,
 Marking equipment, spirit levels, saw stools,
 Automatic levels, laser levels, calculators
PROCEDURE,

1. Read and interpret working drawing

2. To know abbreviation & symbols
3. To know specifications
4. Identify use of tools & materials
5. Measuring & mixing materials
PRECAUTIONS: -

Wear working cloth and shoes which properly fit with your body

Page 37 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Make working area hazard free

QUALITY CRITERIA:

-The Trainee should be Intended all activities prepare for work on the given procedure.

LAP Test 2 Identify and indicate site boundaries

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: __________________Time finished: ________________

Instructions: Given necessary templates /guide, workshop, tools and materials you are required
to perform the following tasks within 1:00 hours.
Task1. Identify & apply tools with plan & prepare for work.
Task2. Acquiring procedures and information with plans & specification.
Task3.Making workstation ready and safe for top overhaul works Task4. Sourcing and
supporting technical requirements for top overhaul

Page 38 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Unit Three: Setting out first line for building alignment
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Determine measurements of building line
 Determine site plan and survey pegs
 Install pegs , profiles and marking footing width on profile
 Mark set location line on profiles
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the above topics
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 calculate measurements of building line
 Determine site plan and survey pegs
 Install pegs , profiles and marking footing width on profile
 Mark setting location line on profiles

Page 39 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Determine measurements of building line
The way to calculate a rectangular area is by measuring the length and width of your area then
multiplying those two numbers together to get the area in feet squared (ft2

To determine the cause of the error, you must recheck the initial corner with either a builder‟s
square or the 3:4:5 method and check the dimensions of each side of the set-out.

Procedure Of setting out

Step 1: Set Out the Building Line

Assume that the building line has been stated as a distance from the curve of a road: Two square
offset lines are set from the curve to the position of the building line at a distance apart which is
greater than the width of the proposed building. Pegs are positioned at these points, and ranging
line is fixed to these, giving the position of the building line as shown below.

Step 2: Set out the base (frontage) line

A. After taking the dimensions from the drawing, relating to its position, the frontage line
should be set out. This will either be on the building line or behind it.

B. The first corner peg (A) will be positioned from dimensions given on the drawing which
relate to site features such as distance from a curve gate posts, boundary intersections etc.
The dimensions pinpoint the position of the corner. Alternatively, the frontage line may
be simply on the building line so the only information required to set it out is the distance
from a boundary. The diagram below illustrates this situation where the first peg is
positioned on the building line a given distance (D) from the boundary
Page 40 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Fig 3.1 setting out base line

Step 3.Set out the first right angle to the frontage line

A. Attach a taut line to the nail on a corner peg (B here) and extend this well beyond the
length of the wall to be set out.

B. Adjust the line carefully to cross the frontage line at 90˚ by the use of a builder‟s square,
optical site square or the 3:4:5 methods.

When the line is correct, knock in a peg (with nail) at a distance greater than the length of the
wall, and attach the line tautly. Check for square again and adjust if necessary

Page 41 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Adjusting string lines – part 2
Example 1 – Angle error
3
4
1. Adjust line 1–2 at corner 2 and recheck the angle
at corner 1.
2. Adjust line 3–4 at corner 3 by the same amount in 8m
the same direction. Premeasure dimension 2–3.
In this situation, the string lines must be moved as a 1 2
pair to avoid changing the dimensions of the building.

Example 2 – Measurement error

1. Premeasure dimension 2–3 and adjust string line3– 3

4
4.

In most cases, the difference in measurement will be

8m
small and you‟ll probably only have to reposition the
nail in the ledger to the required position.
1 2
Important note: If adjustments are made to any of the

string lines during the setting out procedure, all measurements should be rechecked
to ensure that the dimensions of the proposed building and front and side setbacks
remain in accordance with the site drawings.

3.2 Determine site plan and survey pegs

Setting out involves working out the location and extent of the building on site. Each site is
different, so start by establishing the particular conditions. Use information from territorial
authorities‟ records combined with an on-site.

When setting out building lines, the first step is to measure the building line from the boundary
or existing building. Then you need to determine the approximate length and position of the
string line, together with the building clearance measurement at each end, for locating the hurdle.

1. Profile boards
 Locating site plan and survey pegs
 Measuring building line from boundary or existing building

Page 42 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
  Determining position and length of line
 Measuring building clearance
 Installing pegs and hurdles/profiles
 Marking location for line
 Setting and positioning line to true alignment
Timber Profile:- are wooden boards held in place by wooden pegs.
 Centre lines and width of foundation and walls can be marked onto the boards.
 On a corner Profile, three pegs, approximately 600mm long and 50mm square, are
required for supporting the two cross pieces, approximately 1200mm long, 75mm deep
and 25mm thick.
 Profile board showing important dimensions that are marked on the board

Procedure
Step 1: Set out the building line
Assuming that the building line has been stated as a distance from the curb of a road:
(a) Two square offset lines are set from the kerb to the position of the building line at a distance
apart which is greater than the width of the proposed building. Pegs are positioned at these
points, and a ranging line is fixed to these, giving the position of the building line as shown
below

Page 43 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Step 2: Set out the base (frontage) line
 After taking the dimensions from the drawing, relating to its position, the frontage line
should be set out. This will either be on the building line or behind it.
 The first corner peg (A) will be positioned from dimensions given on the drawing which
relate to site features such as distance from a curve gate posts, boundary intersections
etc.
The dimensions pinpoint the position of the corner.
 Alternatively, the frontage line may be simply on the building line so the only
information required to set it out is the distance from a boundary.
 The diagram below illustrates this situation where the first peg is positioned on the
building line a given distance (D) from the boundary.

Page 44 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
  Following the positioning of the first peg, the second peg (B) is positioned after carefully
measuring the width of the building along the frontage line.
 A nail is knocked into each peg to determine the exact position of the corner and to allow
simple fixing of

Step 3:- Set out the first right angle to the frontage line
 Attach a taut line to the nail on a corner peg (B here) and extend this well beyond the
length of the wall to be set out.
 Adjust the line carefully to cross the frontage line at 90˚ by the use of a builder‟s square,
optical site square or the 3:4:5 method (see sheet 30).
 When the line is correct, knock in a peg (with nail) at a distance greater than the length of
the wall, and attach the line tautly. Check for square again and adjust if necessary

Page 45 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Step 4:- Set out the second right angle to the frontage line.
 Measure the same length of the building‟s frontage line and set a peg (D) at same distance
from the frontage line as peg C.
 Attach the ranging line and check the dimensions before continuing.

Page 46 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Step 5: Set out the final (back) line.
 Measure the dimension for the length of the building‟s side wall from the outer pegs
on the frontage line and set pegs up approx. parallel with the wall lines, as shown
(Pegs E and F).
 Attach ranging lines to the pegs to establish the back wall line which should be
checked for parallel with the frontage line. The back corner positions, G and H, are
at the intersection of the square lines.
 Pegs can be positioned at G and H, but this is not essential.

Step 6 Check the building setting out for square

 The setting out will be confirmed as square if all the measurements are correct and
the diagonals measure exactly the same.
 Measure the dimensions carefully from A to G and B to H. These should be the
same if the building has been set out perfectly.
 If the diagonals are not the same, but the lines remain parallel, adjust the back pegs
by moving both nails the same distance across on the peg, (or moving the peg if
necessary).
 This is to change the rhombus shape to a true rectangular shape.

Page 47 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
An easy way of checking if a square or rectangle has been set out correctly, with all corners at
90º, is to check the diagonals across corners. If they are exactly the same length the setting out is
correct.

Page 48 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
3.3 Install pegs, profiles and marking footing width on profile
When setting out building lines, the first step is to measure the building line from the boundary
or existing building. Then you need to determine the approximate length and position of the
string line, together with the building clearance measurement at each end, for locating the hurdle.
Pegs and hurdle profiles are installed, then the location for the line is accurately marked with
nails on the profiles and the line set taut into position so it is correctly aligned with the boundary.
Installing hurdles/profiles
Four types of profiles are used when a building is set out.

Page 49 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Page 50 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Profiles are placed to allow room for excavation work to be carried out without damaging
or disturbing their position. It‟s recommended that profiles are set 2–3 m from the
proposed building outline but this may have to be reduced if required by the site
conditions.

Page 51 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Profiles should be placed parallel to the proposed building and in line with each other, where
possible. Because string lines are used to determine the dimensions of the building, improper
placement of the profiles can distort the building outline.

Page 52 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Install the ledger of a profile so that it‟s approximately level across its top. Use a spirit level to
check each profile after it‟s been driven into the ground.

Profiles should be set up using a suitable leveling device such as an optical or laser
Level where possible, to make sure the tops of the ledgers are level with one another.
The size of the profile and the length of the ledger depend on the type of building
Techniques used to construct the foundations of the building.
The foundations are the lowest part of the building. They transfer the weight of the building via
footings to the ground below.
Footings are designed by a structural engineer and the type of footing used will vary depending
on the:
 Weight of the building
 Type and size of wall construction used
 Type of soil being built on
 Slope of the building lot
 Budget for the build.
Profiles are used to set out the information required to construct the footings. The tops of the
profiles are marked with the width of the footing and any other relevant information including,
for example, the width of the wall, the width of the cavity or the position of the stumps or posts.

Page 53 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
On sloping sites where it‟s impractical for profile ledgers to be level,
Eg. the slope is too step, you may need to step the profiles down along the slope. The building
dimensions should always be measured horizontally and a plumb‑bob or spirit level used to
transfer the exact measurement down to the top of the ledger.

Profiles are used to set out the information required to construct the footings. The tops of the
profiles are marked with the width of the footing and any other relevant information including,
for example, the width of the wall, the width of the cavity or the position of the stumps or posts.

Page 54 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Page 55 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Page 56 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Page 57 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 3.4 Mark set location line on profiles
The use of measuring tape and building lay out instruments building lines marking where the
walls of a structure from this measuring mark a line square to the pump cut line to the bottom
edge of the rafter.

3.4.1 Setting and positioning line

Arrangement or position in a strength line or in palled lines. Proper relative position the act of
aligning or the condition of being aligned alignment of faction in the party

3.4.2 Determining g position and length of line

Line length with the wrong type size and the problem is magnified. The short the line length the
smaller the front should be allowing more words to the line.
Typical it is the front size that gets adjusted but don‟t be afraid to re-evolution your page layout
to accommodate wider or narrower text columns.

3.4.3 Measuring building clearance

Clearing verification of building structure measurement on walls, floors and ceiling were carried
out by in situ gamma spectrometry besides traditional method like direct measurement with a
contaminated monitor.

Clearance level s it is necessary to establish the most adequate methodology which includes
direct measurement on walls, floors, and ceiling laboratory. Measurement on representative
samples and the use of property derived calling factor.
Building structure considering to technical difficulties associated to the measurement of alpha
emitters, the Measurements were performed by gamma spectrometry or using portable monitors.

Page 58 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
MARKING OUT FOUNDATION AND WALL THICKNESSES

Page 59 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
MARKING OUT ON THE GROUND FROM THE PROFILES

Page 60 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Self-Check -3 Setting out first line for building alignment
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below.8 point

INSTRUCTION I: - SAY TRUE OR FALS

1. Arrangement aligning or the condition of being aligned of position strength in palled lines
is called setting and positioning line.
2. Marking out foundation and wall thicknesses is transferred from the profile board.
3. Building structure considering to technical difficulties associated to the measurement of
alpha emitters
4. Clearance level s it is necessary to establish the most adequate methodology which
includes direct measurement on walls, floors
Note: Satisfactory rating – 8points Unsatisfactory - below 8 points
Answer Sheet 1. ------------- 2. -------------- 3.--------------------------------
4.--------------------------

Page 61 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Name: _________________________ Date: ____________
OPERATION SHEET-3

OPERATION TITLE: - Setting out first line for building alignment

PURPOSE: - used to develop work habit & create work opportunity

CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS FOR THE OPERATIONS: -

 Wear appropriate clothes, shoe ...

 Ensure the work shop hazard free
 Ensure the working area is bright / good visibility
 Make workstation comfortable
 Use standard & specifications
EQUIPMENT TOOLS

 Measuring tapes/rules, straight edges,

 Sledge hammers/lump hammers,
 Hammers, hand saws, nail bags, string lines,
 Marking equipment, spirit levels, saw stools,
 Automatic levels, laser levels, calculators
PROCEDURE,
1. apply OHS rules
2. read and interpret working drawing
3. To know Abbreviation & Symbols
4. To know Specifications
5. 3.Identify use of tools & materials
6. measuring & mixing materials
PRECAUTIONS: -

Wear working cloth and shoes which properly fit with your body

Page 62 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Make working area hazard free

QUALITY CRITERIA:

-The Trainee should be Intended all activities prepare for work on the given procedure.

LAP Test 3 Set out first line for building alignment

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________
Time started: __________________Time finished: ________________
Instructions: Given necessary templates /guide, workshop, tools and
materials you are required to perform the following tasks within 1:00 hours.
Task1. Identify & apply tools with plan & prepare for work.
Task2.Making workstation ready and safe for top overhaul works Task
Task3.Sourcing and supporting technical requirements for top overhaul wo

Page 63 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Unit Four: Setting out right angled corners
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Determine corner on set building line
 Setting up right angle
 Install profiles set line right angled
 Check diagonal measurement and adjust square
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the above topics.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Determine and marking corner of building with job drawing
 Sate up right angle from corner peg using triangulation principles
 Install and setting profiles line to right angled alignment
 Check diagonal measurement and adjust square

Page 64 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
4.1.Determine corner on set building line
If the proposed building has right‑angled (90°) corners, the string lines must be checked at this
point to make sure that the corner angle is accurate before any other string lines are installed

Fig.4.1. right‑angled (90°) corners

4.1.2 Check angles using a builder’s square
The simplest way of checking that the angle is precisely 90° (also called „checking for square‟) is
to use a builder‟s square.
1. Place the builder‟s square beneath the two string lines that form the corner.
2. Use a spirit level to plumb down and set the outer edge of arm 1 of the builder‟s square
directly under string line 1.

Page 65 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
1. Check the position of the other string line. If it doesn‟t run directly over the outer edge of
the other arm of the builder‟s square, the corner is „out of square.

Fig.4.1. Check angles using the 3:4:5 methods

The second way of checking for square is by using a calculation called Pythagoras‟s theorem
(commonly known in the building industry as the 3:4:5 method).

The theorem tells us that for a right‑angled triangle – which is a triangle where two of the sides
meet at 90° – the sum of the squares on the two shorter sides equals the square on the longest
side (known as the hypotenuse).

Page 66 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Page 67 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Fig.4.1. the 3:4:5 methods

Set out the front or building line in the usual manner with peg or marks at the required distance.
 Please the builders square so that front line touch one side if the square right through its
length.
 Stretch alien from the peg so that it is parallel to second side of the square & stabilize the
third peg. A corner of angle 90*is thus obtained.
 With the aid of a tape measure mark out the length & width of the proposed building.
 Transferring the builders squire to the remaining corners & reputing the above operations a
simple rectangular building can be set out.
 After establishing the four corner pegs profiles separate or continues may be erected in the
same way.

Page 68 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Fig. Corner of angle 90
4.2Setting up right angle
1. Mark out the building line from the road by measuring the requirement distance from the
center of the goad or by stretching a line along an existing building to the proposed site.

2. Mark out the overall length of the building by driving by peg A&B along the ringing line.

3. often two steel tape measures mark out for equal distances on ranging start from the
corner peg at B these distanced maybe in any unit of measurement MM CM MD M.

4. Pull a tape measure from point B to C & ask an assistant to hold it ready with hammer &
peg.

5. Pull the second tape from forth mark at D on the ringing line point E on the first tape.

6. The distance 5m if using meters on tape DE should coincide with point 3m on tape BEC.
Then the angle B is (90*) from Pythagoras theorem.

If the points do not coincide the tape B-C is either shifter out ward or in wards 5m on the second
tape coincide with the 3m mark on the first tape.

7. Repeat the same procedure to obtain the right angle for BAF & mark out the overall
width of the building.

8. Establish corner pegs & erect profile.

Page 69 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 9. Mark the position of partition wall on the profile with either nails or saw cut ringing lines
are stretched through these nails & the corner peg to mark the ground to indicate the line.

Fig. Corner peg

4.3 Install and setting profiles line to right angled alignment

Procedures to set out a building

st
1 - Collect the necessary tools, equipments & materials
 Working drawings
 Steel tape
 Sharp pegs
 Water level
 Profiles
 Mallets to drive pegs
 Hammer & nails
 A ball of string to create the out line
 Builder‟s square

nd
2 determine the frontage line on the site. That is the line beyond which the new building must not
project.
It can be positioned by referring to the layout plan of the building.
Pegs are driven in atpositions which are clear off the structure and a string line is then strained bet
ween these two pegs (1 and 2), secured to nails in, the top of each.

3rd(corners) of the building. It is from these pegs that a line is strained at 90° to the frontage line.
On a single rectangular building of modest size, the builder's square would be adequate to set
Page 70 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
this right angle. Alternatively the 3-4-5 method cab be applied by means of tape.
By measuring 3m on the frontage line and 4m on the return with a 5m hypotenuse a right- angle will
have been formed.
4thwhich again are kept well clear of the structure. From this point it is possible to position the la
st
two quoin pegs (7 and 8) at distances taken from the drawing between the frontage line and the
rear line of the building.
5th
Diagonally from peg 3 to peg 8 and then from peg 4 to peg 7 these distances should be exactly
the same if the building is rectangular and all angles are right angles.

Page 71 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 4.4 Check diagonal measurement and adjust square
Once the initial rectangular shape has been completed, it must be checked to ensure that the
set‑out is square; that is, the corners are at 90°, and the measurements are correct. You do this by
comparing the diagonal distances between corners.
Take precise measurements of the distance between corners 1 and 3 and between
Corners 2 and 4. If these diagonal measurements are the same, the set‑out is correct.

Page 72 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
To determine the cause of the error, you must recheck the initial corner with either a builder‟s
square or the 3:4:5 methods and check the dimensions of each side of the set out.

Page 73 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Self-Check -4 Set out right angled corners
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below.
INSTRUCTION I: - Choose the beast answer
1. Are short pointed wooden rods driving in to the ground to mark an excavation, construction
line or a level?
A) Reference Line B) Pegs C) Boundary line D) location line

2. Is the process of laying down the excavation lines and center lines on the ground before
excavation is started.
A) Excavation line B). Setting out C).profile board D) foundation line
3. Which one of the following is not correct about profile board?
A). Measuring building clearance
B). Installing pegs and hurdles/profiles
C). Locating site plan and survey pegs
D) Marking location for line
4. In which step of setting out to find the second right angle to the frontage line
A).Step-3 B). Step-2 C). Step-2 D). Step-4
Note: Satisfactory rating – 4 points Unsatisfactory - below 4 points
Answer Sheet 1. ------------- 2. -------------- 3.----------------------
4.--------------------------

Page 74 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
Name: _________________________ Date: ____________
OPERATION SHEET-4

OPERATION TITLE: - Set out right angled corners

PURPOSE: - Determining corner of building
 Setting up right angle
 Applying triangulation principle
 Installing hurdles/profiles
 Setting line to right angled alignment
CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS FOR THE OPERATIONS: -
 Wear appropriate clothes, shoe ...
 Ensure the work shop hazard free
 Ensure the working area is bright / good visibility
 Make workstation comfortable
 Use standard & specifications
EQUIPMENT TOOLS
 Measuring Tape
 Peg
 Timber for profile
 Theodolite
 Tripod
 Range poll
 Leveling
 Staff reading
 Staff level
 String
PROCEDURE,
 Set out the front or building line in the usual manner with pegs or marks at the required
distance.

Page 75 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
  Place the builder‟s square so that front line touch one side if the square right through its
length.
 Stretch a line from the peg so that it is parallel to second side of the square and establish
the third peg. A corner of angle 90 degree is thus obtained.
 With the aid of a tape measure mark out the length and breadth of the proposed building.
 Transferring the builder‟s square to the remaining corners and repeating the above
operations; a simple rectangular building can be set out.
 After establishing the four corner pegs, profiles (separate or continuous) may be erected
in the same way.
PRECAUTIONS: -
use safety tools and material
QUALITY CRITERIA:
-The Trainee can evaluate his success in performing the operation..

Page 76 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Reference

 Building design and construction hand book by Feredericks. Merritt & Jonattan T.Rickets
 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK Tenth edition Roy Chudley And Roger Greeno
 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK Seventh edition R. Chudley MCIOB and R.
Greeno BA (Hons) FCIOB FIPHE FRSA
 Buch, N., L. Khazanovich, and A. Gotlif. , Evaluation of Alignment Tolerances for Dowel Bars
and their effects on Joint Performance, Pavement research Center of Excellence, 2001.
 Burnham, T., A Field Study of PCC Joint Misalignment near Fergus Falls, Minnesota, Report
No. MN/RC-1999-29, Final Report. Maplewood, MN: Minnesota Department of Transportation,
1999.
 David‟s B., EVERFE Theory Manual. http://www.civil.umaine.edu/EverFE. 2003.

Page 77 of 79 Ministry of Labor and Set out Profile Set-up for Finishing Version -1
Skills Works Aug 2022
Author/Copyright
 Participants of this TTLM (training material) preparation
No Name Qualification Field of Study Organization/ Mobile E-mail
(Level) Institution number
1 Yohannes Tadesse BSC Construction Sebeta Poly 0913328144 yohannestadesse44@gmail.com
Technology Technic College
2 Fikadu Girma BSC Construction Ethio Italy Technic 0975284843 Fike girma13@Gmail.com
Technology College
3 Abdulmenan Muhaba MSC Urban Planning General wingat 0921779179 abmuha1@gmail.com
and poly technic college
Development
4 Lakew Girma BSC Construction A/M poly tecnic 0916852674 Lakewgir68@gmail.com
management college
5 Jamel Abdulahi BSC Construction Harar poly college 0921228986 jemalabdulahi@gmail.com
technology