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    QM Fall 2022 Final-2

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    林軒宇
    The document discusses a take-home final exam for a quantum mechanics course. It contains three questions - the first asks students to explain how the electron gyromagnetic ratio was precisely measured and relates to testing particle physics theories, the second asks students to derive the Hamiltonian and solve for time-dependent spin states of a particle in a magnetic field to understand nuclear magnetic resonance, and the third asks students to learn about anyons as particles with generalized statistics in two dimensions.

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    QM Fall 2022 Final-2

    Uploaded by

    林軒宇
    10 views2 pages
    The document discusses a take-home final exam for a quantum mechanics course. It contains three questions - the first asks students to explain how the electron gyromagnetic ratio was precisely measured and relates to testing particle physics theories, the second asks students to derive the Hamiltonian and solve for time-dependent spin states of a particle in a magnetic field to understand nuclear magnetic resonance, and the third asks students to learn about anyons as particles with generalized statistics in two dimensions.

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    QM_Fall_2022_Final-2

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    The document discusses a take-home final exam for a quantum mechanics course. It contains three questions - the first asks students to explain how the electron gyromagnetic ratio was precisely measured and relates to testing particle physics theories, the second asks students to derive the Hamiltonian and solve for time-dependent spin states of a particle in a magnetic field to understand nuclear magnetic resonance, and the third asks students to learn about anyons as particles with generalized statistics in two dimensions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views2 pages

    QM Fall 2022 Final-2

    Uploaded by

    林軒宇
    The document discusses a take-home final exam for a quantum mechanics course. It contains three questions - the first asks students to explain how the electron gyromagnetic ratio was precisely measured and relates to testing particle physics theories, the second asks students to derive the Hamiltonian and solve for time-dependent spin states of a particle in a magnetic field to understand nuclear magnetic resonance, and the third asks students to learn about anyons as particles with generalized statistics in two dimensions.

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    Quantum Mechanics I, Final Take-Home Examination

    10:00 am, Thu., 12/08/2022 to 10:00 am, Thu., 12/29/2022


    Instructor: Jiunn-Wei Chen

    (a) Please type your answers in English and put down your ref-
    erences. (b) Please turn in your answers through the NTU COOL
    course website, just like we did with the homework.

    (1) (35 points: 30 points for (a), 5 points for (b)) We have learned in the
    class that the gyromagnetic ratio of the electron was known to very high preci-
    sion (in units of Bohr magneton).
    (a) (6 pages maximum) Try to figure out and explain in your own words how
    this electron g value was measured to 13 significant digits and how the first 12
    digits agree with the theory prediction. The article in

    https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/PT.3.2223

    is a good starting point. There is lots of physics involved in this story. See
    how far you can go.
    (b) (1 page maximum) After you have worked hard to finish part (a), you

    understand why the electron g − 2 serves a nice confirmation of the “stand


    model” of particle physics. The muon g − 2, however, serves as one of the best
    quantities to see new physics beyond the stand model because the new physics
    part, compared with electron g − 2, is enhanced by powers of mµ /me ' 206.
    The following news reports tell you the latest status of the experiment and how
    the final conclusion depends on how reliable the theory prediction using the
    standard model can be made.

    https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.372.6538.113
    https://www.science.org/content/article/fresh-calculation-obscure-particles-magnetism-
    could-dim-hopes-new-physics

    Please briefly write about this incredible story.


    (2) (35 points: 20 points for (a)-(d), 15 points for (e), 6 pages maximum)
    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has many amazing applications. The main
    physics behind it is nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which can be under-
    stood from what you have learned from the class.
    Suppose a spin 1/2 particle with gyromagnetic ratio γ, at rest in a static
    magnetic field B0 k̂, precesses at the Larmor frequency ω0 = γB0 (see example
    4.3 of the textbook). Now we turn on a small transverse radiofrequency (rf)
    field, Brf [cos(ωt)î − sin(ωt)ĵ], so that the total field is

    B = Brf cos(ωt)î − Brf sin(ωt)ĵ + B0 k̂. (1)

    1
    (a) Construct the 2 × 2 Hamiltonian matrix with H = −γB · S (Eq. 4.158 of
    the textbook), where
     S is the spin operator.
    a(t)
    (b) If χ(t) = is the spin state at time t, show that
    b(t)

    i i
    ȧ = (Ωeiωt b + ω0 a) ; ḃ = (Ωe−iωt a − ω0 b), (2)
    2 2
    where Ω = γBrf is related to the strength of the rf field.
    (c) Solve for a(t) and b(t).
    (d) If the particle starts out with spin up (i.e. a(0) = 1, b(0) = 0), show the
    probability of a transition to spin down, as a function of time, is

    Ω2 ω0 t
    P (t) = 2 2
    sin2 , (3)
    (ω − ω0 ) + Ω 2
    p
    where ω 0 = (ω − ω0 )2 + Ω2 .  
    1
    Now, if B0  Brf , then the spin state is the ground state. When
    0  
    0
    ω = ω0 , the transition from the ground state to the exited state can reach
    1
    100%. This transition can be detected when the state de-excites to the ground
    state and emits a photon.
    (e) After understanding the working principle of NMR, now write about its ap-
    plications. You might want to start with reading
    https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/physical-processes/proton-nuclear-
    magnetic-resonance/a/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri
    as well as the wikipedia page of MRI. Also, NMR is used to construct q-bits in
    quantum computing as well.

    (3) (30 points, please type your answers, 6 pages maximum)


    Anyons are particles living in two spatial dimensions with statistics more gen-
    eral than fermions and bosons. Please try to learn as much as possible about
    them and write about them. (They are also used in quantum computing.)

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