SANS10090

© SABS.
This non-printable standard is exclusively for approved users of the SABS’ Complete Collection of Standards and Related Documents.
The standard must reside on an internal network or intranet and may only be used for reference purposes in compliance with SABS
copyright rules. The standard or parts thereof may not be distributed in any form without permission from the SABS.
ICS 13.220.01
SANS 10090:2003
ISBN 0-626-14666-6 Edition 3
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Community protection against fire
Published by Standards South Africa

1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001
tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12
www.stansa.co.za
 Standards South Africa 2003
© SABS. This non-printable standard is exclusively for approved users of the SABS’ Complete Collection of Standards and Related Documents.
SANS 10090:2003
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Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Acknowledgement
Standards South Africa wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance derived from publications
by the Fire Protection Association of Southern Africa.
Foreword
This standard was approved by National Committee STANSA SC 5120.06E, Fire safety –
Community fire protection in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance
with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.
Edition 3 cancels and replaces the first revision (SABS 090:1972).
Annex A forms an integral part of this standard. Annexes B and C are for information only.
Introduction
Fire services in South Africa
The main functions of a fire service is to prevent fires and to protect life and property should a fire
occur. To carry out these functions the service should be well organized.
The purpose of this standard is to provide advice on the measures that may be taken to ensure that
fire services are efficient. It includes a schedule against which the performance potential of each
aspect, as well as of the whole, of a fire service can be judged. A fire-risk rating based on this
schedule will indicate the extent to which loss of life and property can be avoided in any particular
given area.
Two essentials for protection against fire are an efficient fire service and an adequate water supply.
Local authorities should achieve and maintain a category 1 service.
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Contents
Page
Acknowledgement
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................... 3
3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 3
4 Fire protection ....................................................................................................................... 4
5 Organization of fire services ................................................................................................. 5
6 Training ................................................................................................................................. 14
7 Fire alarms ............................................................................................................................ 15
8 Fire prevention ...................................................................................................................... 15
9 Pre-fire planning and risk visits ............................................................................................. 16
10 Occupational health and safety ............................................................................................ 16
11 Water supply ......................................................................................................................... 17
12 Key performance indicators (KPI) ......................................................................................... 19
Annex A (normative) Assessment schedule ......................................................................... 21
Annex B (informative) Key performance indicators specimen forms ...................................... 25
Annex C (informative) Assessment schedule forms ............................................................... 34
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 38
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Community protection against fire
1 Scope
1.1 This standard outlines a system of determining the requirements for the operational and fire
safety functions of emergency services rendered to communities.
1.2 It also gives recommendations for water supplies for fire-fighting.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this standard. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to a
standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements
based on this standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions
of the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid national and international standards
can be obtained from Standards South Africa.
NFPA 291, Fire flow testing and marking of hydrants.
NFPA 1201, Developing fire protection services for the public.
NFPA 1500, Fire department occupational health and safety program.
NFPA 1561, Fire department incident management system.
NFPA 1710, Standard for the organization and deployment of fire suppression, emergency medical
operations and special operations to the public by career fire departments.
NFPA 1901, Automotive fire apparatus.
SANS 10400 (SABS 0400), The application of the National Building Regulations.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1
aerial appliance
turntable ladder or a hydraulic elevating platform
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3.2
appliance travel time
interval from time mobile to time in attendance
3.3
attendance time
sum of call receipt/despatch and appliance travel time
3.4
fire area
city, town, village, or other defined area, that is afforded protection against fire
3.5
fire flow
amount of water required by the fire service for the extinguishing of fires
3.6
pumping appliance
self-propelled vehicular appliance equipped to project one or more streams of water on to a fire
3.7
turn-out time
interval from the time a call comes into a control facility to the time appliances are mobile (includes
time of transfer from call centres to brigade despatch facilities, etc.)
4 Fire protection
4.1 General
4.1.1 A survey of the fire hazards in the area should be made to determine the extent of the fire
service needed to provide adequate protection for a fire area.
4.1.2 Such a survey should cover the height and the type of construction and occupancy of
buildings, the means of approach to the buildings, the water supply available, and other features
that might affect fire risks.
4.1.3 Regular surveys of the area should be made at intervals of not more than three years to keep
abreast of the expansion of the area.
4.1.4 The survey should be made by persons suitably qualified to undertake such work.
4.2 Fire-risk categories

A fire area should be divided into sub-areas which fall into one of the following fire-risk categories:
Category A: Central business districts and extensive commercial and industrial areas normally
found in cities and large towns (areas where the risk to life and property due to fire
occurrence and spread is likely to be high).
Category B: Limited central business districts, smaller commercial or industrial areas normally
associated with small towns and decentralized areas of cities and large towns (areas
where the risk to life and property due to fire occurrence and spread is likely to be
moderate).
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Category C: Residential areas of conventional construction.
Category D: Rural areas of limited buildings and remote from urban areas.
Category E: Special risk areas. Individual areas requiring a pre-determined attendance over and
above the predominant risk category in an area. Includes large shopping/entertain-
ment centres, informal settlements, harbours, hospitals, prisons, large airport
buildings and petrochemical plants.
5 Organization of fire services

5.1 General
The fire service department should be organized in accordance with the recommendations of
NFPA 1201.
5.2 Fire brigades
5.2.1 Classification
5.2.1.1 Brigades should be classified according to the type and quantity of equipment held, and fall
into one of the following categories:
Category 5(a): A brigade with adequate arrangements and provisions in place in relation to risk as
given in annex A and annex C for:
1) risk profile of area of jurisdiction;
2) weight and speed of response;
3) call receipt and processing requirements;
4) vehicle/equipment availability and maintenance;
5) incident management procedures;
6) pre-fire planning and risk visits;
7) training/personnel;
8) water supplies; and
9) fire safety functions; and
Category 5(b): A brigade that is able to meet performance criteria for staff availability per appliance
availability, pre-determined attendance (PDA), manning levels and attendance
times, 35 % to 45 % of the time, measured annually.
Category 4: A brigade as given in category 5(a) as monitored by relevant performance

indicators or statistics, or both, and which is able to meet performance criteria given
for category 5(b) 46 % to 55 % of the time, measured annually.
Category 3: A brigade as given for category 5(a) as monitored by relevant performance

indicators or statistics, or both, and which is able to meet performance criteria as
given for category 5(b) 56 % to 65 % of the time, measured annually.
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indicators or statistics, or both, able to meet performance criteria as given for
category 5(b) 66 % to 75 % of the time, measured annually.

indicators or statistics, or both, and which is able to meet performance criteria as
given for category 5(b) more than 75 % of the time, measured annually.
5.2.1.2 All brigades should endeavour to fall into a category 1 classification.
5.2.2 Weight and speed of response
5.2.2.1 General
NOTE Successful control and extinguishing of fires depends on sufficient appliances responding with
adequate manpower and arriving within a reasonable time.
NFPA 1710 should be followed for guidelines to successfully control and extinguish fires.
5.2.2.2 Weight of response
5.2.2.2.1 The appliances in service should, when staffed, be sufficient to provide adequate fire
protection in the area protected by the brigade. Appliances shall comply with NFPA 1901.
5.2.2.2.2 In brigades which have only one station, the number (see table 1) of appliances shall be
sufficient to meet the full demands of a first fire call to the most congested area and to provide at
least one pump in reserve to respond to a second fire call.
5.2.2.2.3 In the case of brigades which have more than one station, the number (see table 1) of
appliances allotted to any particular substation will depend on the fire-risk category in the area
assigned to the station.
Table 1 — Weight of response at fires
1 2 3 4
Minimum pumping
Risk Minimum number Minimum manning
capacity of each
category of pumping units level per appliance
unit (L/min)
A 2 5 3 850
B 2 4 3 850
C 1 4 2 250
D 1 4 2 250
E As determined by individual risk assessment
NOTE Arrangements for vehicle fires, grass/bush and special services and the
need for specialist vehicles such as aerial appliances and water carriers will be
determined by local conditions.
5.2.2.3 Speed of response
The efficiency of a fire service is judged largely by the attendance time that the fire brigade is
capable of achieving. The attendance times should not exceed those shown in table 2.
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Table 2 — Attendance times at fires
1 2 3 4
Maximum call receipt Maximum appliance Maximum
Risk
and turn-out time travel time attendance time
category
min min min
A 3 5 8
B 3 7 10
C 3 10 13
D 3 20 23
E Within requirement of appropriate risk category
5.2.2.4 Siting of fire stations and determination of station areas
The ability to meet attendance time requirements will be directly influenced by the siting of stations
and the size of turn-out areas which should be determined by taking into consideration street grid
networks, speed of appliances, terrain, traffic conditions, etc.
Table 3 shows examples of possible station turnout areas under various conditions of appliance
average speed. Once determined, station turn-out areas should be verified by trial responses to test
points in the risk area using vehicles of performance characteristics similar to those likely to attend.
Full records of verification activities should be kept.
Table 3 — Examples of station areas
1 2
Estimated Example of possible turn-out area for
speed of various risk categories
appliance (km²)
(km/h) A B C D
25 8 15 30 120
30 10 20 40 180
35 15 30 60 240
40 20 40 80 320
45 25 50 100 400
50 30 60 120 480
NOTE 1 Estimated speed of appliance is the likely average speed
between two points in a risk area including stops and starts, traffic
congestion and terrain.
NOTE 2 Station turn-out area is the area that can be covered taking
weight and speed of response requirements into consideration.
NOTE 3 Turn-out areas above are based on the straight line distance
that can be covered in the appropriate appliance travel time, less 25 %
to compensate for street grid networks.
5.2.3 Communications
5.2.3.1 General
Each brigade should be equipped with suitable facilities to enable rapid communication between
headquarters and units operating at a fire scene. These shall include the following:
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a) suitable number of telephone lines;
b) alarm or callout facilities to despatch crews; and
c) voice logging on emergency lines and radios with date and time imprint, queuing facilities and, if
necessary, trouble signal facilities.
5.2.3.2 Telephone lines
Lines should be subdivided as follows:
a) a number of lines shall be dedicated to emergency calls only (see table 4); and
b) at least one line for administration.
NOTE The number of lines for administration will be determined by the brigade’s needs.
Table 4 ― Emergency lines
1 2
Number of dedicated
Population served
emergency lines
Up to 40 000 1
40 001 – 125 000 2
125 001 – 300 000 3
Over 300 000 4
5.2.3.3 Control centre operators and or supervisors
5.2.3.3.1 There should be sufficient operators so that calls are answered within 15 s and appro-
priate response despatched within 30 s the call being completed.
5.2.3.3.2 It should not take longer than 60 s to respond to the call.
5.2.3.4 Supervisors
For up to two operators, access to a supervisor is required. For three or more operators, a
supervisor shall be on duty in the control centre.
5.3 Vehicle and or equipment availability and maintenance

5.3.1 General
Fire departments should have sufficient rescue vehicles and special appliances to adequately
protect the risks within each fire station’s area of operation.
Management of the emergency vehicle fleet shall include:
a) replacement policy;
b) procurement of additional vehicles;
c) reserve vehicles; and
d) a maintenance programme.
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5.3.2 Replacement of vehicles
5.3.2.1 Every fire department should have a documented emergency vehicle replacement
programme which will ensure that older and obsolete chassis (cab, pump, gearbox, engine) are
replaced systematically.
5.3.2.2 Frontline emergency vehicles should be replaced in accordance with the recommendations
of table 5.
Table 5 — Replacement periods
1 2
Period
Type of vehicle/equipment Max. number of
years service
Pumping appliances 15
Aerial appliances 20
Off-road vehicles 10
Special appliances 20
Light vehicles 8
5.3.2.3 A replacement programme should ensure that newer and older vehicles are spread as
evenly as possible throughout the fleet to avoid too many ageing emergency vehicles remaining in
commission simultaneously.
5.3.2.4 Provision shall also be made in the replacement programme to replace problematic
vehicles sooner than the maximum prescribed period. Such vehicles would include units which have
high maintenance and repair costs and vehicles which do not serve the purpose for which they were
intended.
5.3.3 Procurement of additional vehicles
5.3.3.1 Fire departments should assess the suitability of their emergency vehicle fleet on a regular
basis to ensure that the department has a fleet which has the capacity, capability and flexibility to
meet the needs of the changing and expanding fire-risks of the community.
5.3.3.2 Where necessary, the emergency vehicle fleet should be increased by the procurement of
suitable, additional vehicles in accordance with a specification compiled by competent persons.
5.3.3.3 The refurbished vehicles should not be used for first turnout appliances.
5.3.3.4 Refurbished vehicles used for support functions should be tested and certified annually.
(See also 5.3.4.)
5.3.3.5 Re-manufactured vehicles are deemed suitable for frontline emergency use when certified
by a competent automotive engineer.
5.3.4 Reserve fleets
5.3.4.1 Fire departments should maintain a reserve emergency vehicle fleet to ensure that the
number of vehicles required to attend an incident, in a particular fire risk area, can be maintained
even when frontline emergency vehicles are undergoing maintenance or repair.
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5.3.4.2 Reserve emergency vehicles may be utilized by overtime personnel who are called back
on-duty when very large or numerous incidents are in progress.
5.3.4.3 Reserve emergency vehicle fleets should comply with the recommendations of table 6.
Table 6 — Number of reserve vehicles
1 2
Type of appliance Required number
Emergency pumping One reserve unit in cases where the required fleet consists of five or
appliances less pumping appliances. Twenty percent of the required fleet plus
one additional reserve unit if the required number of pumping
appliances exceeds five
Aerial Appliances Sufficient reserve units should be available to ensure that the aerial
appliance portion of the fleet is not reduced by more than one aerial
appliance at any time
Off-road vehicles As per pumping appliances
Special Appliances Nil – provided that acceptable temporary arrangements can be made
while a frontline special appliance is out of commission
Light vehicles As per special appliances
5.3.4.4 Emergency vehicles which have been taken out of service may be used as reserve vehicles
provided that such vehicles are certified to be suitable for reserve purposes by a competent auto-
motive engineer and a competent fire officer (competent in appliances evaluation) annually.
5.3.4.5 No emergency vehicle which has been taken out of service should form part of a reserve
fleet for more than five years beyond the maximum number of years of service for that particular
category of vehicle.
5.3.5 Vehicle maintenance programme
5.3.5.1 All emergency vehicles should be subjected to regular, documented maintenance carried
out by competent persons.
5.3.5.2 When developing a maintenance programme the vehicle manufacturer’s requirements and
recommendations should be included.
5.3.5.3 Safety checks shall form an integral part of all maintenance programmes.
5.3.5.4 In fire departments which handle a large number of incidents per vehicle all emergency
vehicles should be serviced at least once every six months or sooner.
5.3.5.5 In addition to routine servicing at least one major service should be carried out on each
vehicle annually.
5.3.5.6 At fire station level, emergency vehicles should be subjected to routine daily checks to
ensure immediate serviceability for operational use.
5.3.5.7 Defects revealed during routine daily vehicle checks should be remedied immediately
where possible.
5.3.5.8 Defects affecting an emergency vehicle’s operational ability should be referred to

competent maintenance personnel.
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5.3.5.9 Where fire pumps, aerial platforms or aerial ladders form part of an emergency vehicle or its
equipment, the necessary maintenance, checks and tests, prescribed by the manufacturer, should
be carried out and documented.
5.3.5.10 Unless the manufacturer’s directives require anything to the contrary all fire pumps, aerial
platforms and aerial ladders should be checked and tested on initial acceptance, quarterly and on
any other occasion should such a check or test be deemed necessary.
5.3.5.11 Additional annual tests and checks should be conducted to assess pump, aerial platform
or aerial ladder performance, where such assessments are not a compulsory part of the quarterly
assessments.
5.3.6 Equipment maintenance
5.3.6.1 Emergency vehicles should carry a complete range and quantity of equipment suitable for
the specific type of vehicle and adequate for use at incidents within the fire risk categories
protected.
5.3.6.2 All equipment should be subject to replacement and procurement policies and testing,
examination, checking and maintenance procedures.
5.3.6.3 All fire department equipment should be subjected to regular, documented examination,
testing and maintenance.
5.3.6.4 Occupational safety and the recommendations of the manufacturer shall be included in all
examination, testing and maintenance programmes.
5.3.6.5 Procedures for examining, testing and maintenance shall include the following:
a) the frequency at which the procedure is to be carried out;
b) how the procedure is to be performed;
c) at what level of supervision the procedure is to be performed;
d) how defects detected during the procedure is to be remedied; and
e) suitable records.
5.3.7 Replacement of equipment
5.3.7.1 Every fire department should regularly assess its equipment to determine whether or not
such equipment is obsolete or unserviceable.
5.3.7.2 Documented annual equipment replacement programmes should be developed to ensure

that obsolete and unserviceable equipment is replaced systematically.
5.3.8 Procurement of additional equipment
All fire department equipment should be assessed regularly to ensure that the equipment is suitable
for the changing and expanding fire-risks in the community and to keep abreast of developments.
Where necessary additional equipment should be procured.
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5.4 Incident management system (IMS)
5.4.1 General
The efficiency of a fire service in dealing with an emergency incident is to a large extent dependent
on the manner in which it successfully assesses the incident and applies and co-ordinates
resources to control and normalize the situation. This process is generally referred to as Incident
Management (IM) and should be documented in a suitable IMS.
5.4.2 Incident management policy and procedure document (see NFPA 1561)
All fire and emergency services should adopt a policy and develop suitable procedures with regard
to IMS which should be clearly documented and readily available to all personnel.
5.4.3 Key components of an Incident management system
5.4.3.1 Operational objectives
The operational objectives of the system should be detailed, and should include:
a) rescue or evacuation of endangered persons;
b) treatment of injured persons;
c) stabilizing the incident and providing for life safety;
d) protection of property and the environment; and
e) provision for the safety and welfare of personnel.
5.4.4 Command modes
The system should distinguish between the various modes of command as appropriate to the scope
and nature of emergency incidents and may include:
a) investigation mode (during the size-up phase);
b) attack mode (for minor incidents not requiring a large span of control); and
c) stationary command mode (for incidents requiring a co-ordinated approach to a large span of
control).
5.4.5 Incident management structure
5.4.5.1 The incident management structure shall provide for the roles of:
a) an incident commander; and
b) branch and sector officers to provide for an effective span of control.
5.4.5.2 The system should provide for predetermined sectors (both functional and geographical,
including fire ground safety) which should be activated by the incident commander.
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5.4.6 Responsibilities of command
The responsibilities of command should be clearly detailed. These shall include the following:
a) evaluation of an emergency incident;
b) assumption of command;
c) identification of an appropriate command mode;
d) identification of an overall strategy to manage the incident;
e) development of an effective command structure;
f) assigning resources to deal with the incident;
g) initiating, controlling and maintaining communications;
h) on-going evaluation of the incident and appropriate revision of the incident management plan;
i) providing the continuity of command; and
j) incident termination.
5.4.7 Inter-service co-operation
Provisions should be made for co-ordinating co-operation between various services present at any
emergency incident in an integrated management team. These provisions should include the
following:
a) Communications
Details of communication provision during an emergency incident should include:
1) means of communication;
2) communications procedure and protocols; and
3) control of communication.
b) Staging
The system should provide for the orderly staging of both vehicles and equipment so that reserve
vehicles and equipment are readily available without impeding the effective management of the
incident.
c) Zoning of incidents
Zoning of incidents as well as access and egress control should be defined.
d) Rehabilitation of personnel
The system should make provision for the medical monitoring and rehabilitation of personnel
engaged in physically demanding operations.
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e) Tactical worksheet
Tactical worksheets should make provision for the monitoring of vehicles, equipment
movements, and personnel assignments.
f) Incident termination
Provision for the official declaration of incident termination.
5.4.8 Incident management system review
The IMS should be assessed as part of the operational incident review process to assess whether
the system was appropriately applied, and to identify weaknesses.
6 Training
6.1 General
Efficient training of fire-fighting personnel is essential to the effective performance of a fire brigade.
NFPA 1201 shall be applied for training requirements. The ability of a brigade to meet the
attendance times laid down in table 2 should be tested during exercises. A standard system of
training should be adopted throughout the fire service. This would ensure a greater measure of
efficiency when neighbouring brigades collaborate in attacking large fires and also when personnel
are transferred from one brigade to another.
6.2 Training components

Service delivery relies extensively on the abilities and competence of staff responding to the
incident. Emergency services should, for the fire extinguishing function and in relation to the risk
profile covered, have implemented the following as minimum recommendations:
a) personnel selection, appointment and advancement criteria detailing qualifications and

experience requirements for all posts;
b) suitable provisions, planning and record keeping for initial, continuation, conversion and
specialist training for fire-fighters and officers; and
c) accurate records for all training attended and conducted by subject and staff members.
6.3 Fire-fighter and officer training phases

6.3.1 General
The training of fire fighters and officers should be subdivided into phases as follows:
6.3.1.1 Initial training
Based on 6.2 above, it shall include basic training and specialist courses.
6.3.1.2 Continuation of training
Continuation of training shall be conducted regularly on the station to consolidate and practice
knowledge and skills during initial training and help ensure that proficiency is maintained.
6.3.1.3 Conversion training
To update skills and knowledge as a result of the acquisition of new equipment or changes in
policies and procedures, conversion training shall be conducted.
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6.3.4 Minimum training requirements
Recommendations as given in table 7 should be considered as the minimum training requirements.
Table 7 — Minimum training requirements
1 2 3
Class of personnel
Full or part time Volunteer or reservist
Training
Duration of training
h per month
a
Initial (basic) fire-fighter (1) As given in an approved and accredited
curriculum in accordance with NQF
requirements
a
Continuation 20 4
a
Conversion As and when required
a
Fire fighters and officers
7 Fire alarms
The most common single cause of fires developing into large fires is delay in the initiation or trans-
mission of fire calls. It is of the utmost importance that notification of the start of a fire should be
made as quickly as possible.
8 Fire prevention
8.1 General
Fire prevention is an important feature of the fire service and it has been proved that in brigades
where this division of the service is efficiently organized fire losses have been reduced by more
than 20 %. The purpose of fire prevention measures is to prevent, eliminate, or reduce hazards that
contribute to the occurrence and spread of fire.
8.2 Fire safety inspections
8.2.1 Authorities should conduct fire safety inspections in response to complaints or requests or
both to assist owners, occupiers, and developers and to satisfy local requirements for scheduled
routine inspection of all occupancies other than dwellings as given in by-laws or other applicable
legislation.
8.2.2 The inspection capacity can be supplemented by the use of a suitably trained and
experienced operational staff.
8.2.3 Effective records of all inspection activities should be maintained.
8.2.4 Records should include the name of the inspecting official, the date of inspection, the
findings and recommendations and should indicate whether the activity warrants a follow-up.
8.2.5 All outstanding activities should be logged as current until abated as required.
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8.3 Regulation of hazardous activities

8.3.1 Departments should regulate the storage, transportation, processing sale and handling of
flammable liquids and gases and other dangerous goods that could lead to the existence of
dangerous conditions that could affect life safety or property loss, or both.
8.3.2 Distinction between vehicles and premises should be made in respect of certificates of
registration. Certificates shall have a limited period of validity not exceeding 12 months.
8.3.3 Suitable records regarding registration should be maintained and available.
8.4 Reviewing building plans

8.4.1 A suitable system should be in place for the evaluation of building proposals and plans to
ensure compliance with the relevant parts of T1 and T2 of SANS 10400 or rational designs.
8.4.2 A record of all plans or designs received, evaluated and recommendations should be
maintained.
8.4.3 Fire safety officials should ensure suitable inspections are carried out during construction
and prior to occupation to ensure compliance.
9 Pre-fire planning and risk visits

9.1 Pre-fire planning
A formal pre-fire plan should be available for key special risks and other premises as deemed
necessary by brigade management. Accurate records should be kept of the latest revisions and
details of emergency exercises involving the brigade
9.2 Risk visits

Risk visits to all special risk areas and other specific industrial or commercial risk areas scheduled
by brigades should be conducted by operational staff for familiarisation purposes with regard to the
layout of the premises, processes or contents and fire protection features. Risk visits should be a
planned function with accurate records of visits conducted and staff involved.
10 Occupational health and safety

10.1 Every fire brigade should implement a suitable occupational health and safety programme in
accordance with NFPA 1500.
10.2 The programme should include the following written policy to provide a safe and healthy work
environment for all its members including:
a) vehicle/appliance design/maintenance;
b) health and safety education programme;
c) protective clothing/equipment requirements;
d) emergency operations; and
e) fire station facilities.
10.3 Every brigade shall fully meet the needs of the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act 85 of
1993) and NFPA 1500.
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11 Water supply
11.1 General
11.1.1 The supply from reservoirs should be so reticulated that the supply to any area can
normally be served from more than one direction.
11.1.2 Quantities available should be based on the highest average daily consumption plus the
required fire flow and shall be sustainable for the minimum duration period.
11.1.3 The following should be taken into consideration when doing an assessment of the water
supply potential of an area:
a) quantities available;
b) sources of supply (including emergency arrangements);
c) minimum residual pressure;
d) reticulation components including pumps, filters and piping systems; and
e) type, size, distribution and availability of hydrants.
11.2 Highest daily consumption

The average of the highest daily consumptions should be recorded over the last three years in
L/min.
11.3 Fire flow
11.3.1 The fire flow and the duration of such flow should be at least equal to that given in table 8
for the appropriate category of risk area.
Table 8 — Minimum fire flow
1 2 3
Flow in
Risk category Possible fire sizes
L/min
A Non-residential buildings with divisions not greater than 5000 m². 13 000
B Non-residential buildings having divisions not greater than 2 500 m². 9 000
C Non- residential premises not greater than 1 250 m². 6 000
D1 Houses > 30 m apart. 1 900
D2 Houses 10,1 m to 30 m apart. 2 850
D3 Houses 3 m – 10 m apart 3 800
D4 Houses < 3 m apart 5 700
E As determined by risk assessment.
11.3.2 Fire flows shall include mobile/alternative supplies available within the required attendance
time.
NOTE Fire flows are based on possible division sizes for occupancies as described in SANS 10400.
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11.4 Delivery of fire flow
11.4.1 The required fire flow should be available to the fire-fighting team on arrival at the fire.
11.4.2 Close liaison between the water supply authority and the fire service should be maintained
at all times so that the water department can assist by augmenting the water supply to the scene of
the fire if a fire occurs during a period of peak domestic demand or there is any other factor that
may decrease the supply.
11.4.3 The minimum quantity of water available should be based on the highest daily consumption
plus the required fire flow and must be sustainable for the minimum duration period at the required
residual pressure.
The supply requirements should be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
(FF + HDC ) x D
SR =
1 000
where
3
SR is the supply requirement expressed in cubic meter (m )
FF is the required fire flow in relation to risk as given in 11.3
HDC is the highest daily consumption as given in 11.2
D is the duration
11.4.4 When the duration is up to and includes 6 000 L/min, the minimum duration shall be 2 h.
11.4.5 When the duration is greater than 6 000 L/min, minimum duration shall be 4 h.
11.5 Hydrants
11.5.1 The minimum flow required from each hydrant and the maximum spacing of hydrants
should be as given in table 9 for the different risk zones.
Table 9 — Hydrants flow and spacing
1 2 3
Minimum Max. distance
Risk category hydrant flow between hydrants
L/min m
A 2 000 85
B 2 000 120
C 2 000 200
D1 (Houses > 30 m apart) 1 200 300
D2 (Houses 10,1 m – 30 m apart) 1 200 200
D3 (Houses 3 m – 10 m apart) 1 400 200
D4 (Houses < 3 m apart) 2 000 200
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Edition 3
11.5.2 Authority having jurisdiction shall ensure that hydrants are serviced (and the flow measured
for conformity with table 8) at intervals as given in table 10 and shall include the following:
a) hydrant markings in accordance with NFPA 291;
b) positions as indicated on water reticulation drawings;
c) hydrant serviceability including condition, access and operation;
d) individual flow and pressure tests; and
e) availability of suitable accurate records.
11.5.3 The location of hydrants should be adequately indicated.
Table 10 — Hydrant maintenance intervals
1 2
Risk category Interval
A&E Annually
B Biennially
C&D Triennially
12 Key performance indicators (KPI)

KPI’s enable a service to evaluate and monitor actual service delivery levels on a regular basis in
relation to set standards and objectives. Individual brigade KPI’s will also be evaluated on an annual
basis to monitor standards in relation to this document and to motivate adjustments to ratings where
necessary. Performance indicators guidelines are given in table 11.
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Edition 3
Table 11 — KPI guidelines
1 2
Relevant specimen
Element a
form
Brigade statistics
– call attended by type, time etc B.1, B2
Weight and speed of response
– manning levels Table A. 1
– attendance times
– PDA’s
Call receipt and processing
– call receipt and despatch times
– ratio of calls to operators
Vehicle/equipment availability
– age and condition of fleet B. 6
– failure/breakdown rate
Training
– initial training (courses conducted, attended etc. B. 7
– continuation training in relation to requirements
Risk visits/pre-fire planning
– statistics regarding visits/pre-plans/emergency exercises conducted B. 8
– performance in relation to listed risks and frequency of visits
Hydrant inspection
– statistics regarding number of inspections B. 9
– performance in relation to objectives
Fire safety division
– statistics for division regarding plans reviewed, inspections conducted, etc. B. 10
– performance in relation to objectives for inspections
a
Specimen forms are given in annex B.
20
SANS 10090:2003
Edition 3
Annex A
(normative)
Assessment schedule
Table A.1 — Assessment schedule
1 2 3 4
YES NO Comment
1 Risk profile of area of jurisdiction
1.1 Map of area protected showing risk categories of developed areas.
1.2 Summary of area of jurisdiction in km² depicting total area
developed area (incl. summary of risk categories) undeveloped area.
1.3 Population estimate for area.
1.4 Special risks identified and listed.
2 Weight and speed of response
2.1 Predetermined attendance policy meets or exceeds minimum
requirements as given in table 1.
2.2 Attendance time policy meets or exceeds minimum requirements
as given in table 1.
Sufficient appliances/manpower available and siting of fire stations
appropriate to meet pre-determined attendance and attendance time
requirements.
Review
i) Map of area showing risk categories and siting of stations.
ii) Suitable brigade/station establishment in relation to number of
stations, vehicles required and shift system in operation as given in
C.1 attached.
3 Call receipt and processing requirements
3.1 Suitable facilities/resources available including telephone lines
available as given in table 4 and 5.2.3.2 supervisory staff as given in
5.2.3.3 alarm/call out facilities to despatch staff voice logging facility for
emergency lines and radios trouble signal facilities.
4 Vehicle/equipment availability and maintenance
4.1 Vehicles suited to risk protected and in sound operational
condition. Fleet age maximum as given in table 5 and form 4.1
attached.
4.2 Planned vehicle replacement policy adopted and in operation.
4.3 Are vehicle maintenance/service requirements scheduled, carried
out and adequately documented?
4.4 Are suitable routine daily vehicle checks carried out and
documented?
4.5 Are standard tests scheduled and carried out for pumps, aerial
platforms and ladders as given by manufacturers recommendations (at
least on acceptance, quarterly and/or annually) and records available?
4.6 Are vehicles suitably equipped in relation to risk protected?
4.7 Is suitable equipment replacement policy in place?
4.8 Is equipment inspection, test and maintenance provisions as given
in 5.3.6 in operation and records available?
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Edition 3
Table A.1 (continued)
1 2 3 4
YES NO Comment
5 Incident management system (IMS)
5.1 Policy
5.1.1 Is the Department’s policy with regard to Incident management
clearly stated?
5.1.2 Is it documented?
5.1.3 Are personnel familiar with the policy?
5.1.4 Is the policy document available to all staff?
5.2 Incident management procedure
5.2.1 Is the Department’s Incident Management System documented
in a suitable procedure?
5.2.2 If ‘Yes’ to 5.2.1 above, does it make provision for:
a) operational objectives;
b) command modes;
c) incident management structures;
d) responsibilities of command;
e) inter-service co-operation;
f) communications;
g) staging;
h) zoning of incidents;
i) rehabilitation of personnel;
j) tactical worksheets; and
k) incident termination?
5.2.3 is the document available to all personnel within the department?
5.2.4 Are departmental personnel trained in the application of the
incident management system?
If ‘Yes’ Are records of training presented available? Is personnel
assessed in the application of the procedure? Are evaluation records
available? Are exercises conducted using the procedure? Do “external”
emergency services anticipate in exercises? Are exercise debriefings
conducted?
5.3 Are strategies for the control of specific incident types documented
as procedures, available to all personnel and practised as part of the
continuation of training programme?
5.4 System review amended as part of operational incident review to
ensure system appropriately applied, to identify weaknesses and
motivate improvements.
5.5 Communications infrastructure.
5.5.1 Does the service operate a radio communications system which
is utilised for Incident management purposes?
5.5.2 Is radio procedure documented?
6 Pre-fire planning and risk visits
6.1 List of key special risks available as deemed necessary by brigade
management (List adequate in relation to risks).
6.2 Individual pre-fire plans and records of exercises available.
6.3 Planning and records of risk visits conducted by operational staff
available and adequate .
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Edition 3
Table A.1 (continued)
1 2 3 4
YES NO Comment
7 Training/Personnel
7.1 Is personnel selection, appointment and advancement criteria
(including qualifications/ experience requirements) available, practised
and suited to brigade profile?
7.2 Is suitable identification of needs and provision for the following
training phases for fire-fighters/officers as given in 6.3: initial training,
continuation of training, conversion training met?
7.3 Are detailed records available for training attended/conducted by
subject and staff member?
7.4 Are minimum requirements as given in table 7 suitably met?
8 Occupational health and safety
8.1 Is suitable system in place to provide for a safe and healthy work
environment including:
a) vehicles/appliances including design;
b) protective clothing/equipment;
c) emergency operations;
d) fire station facilities; and
e) health and safety education programme?
8.2 Are relevant requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety
Act addressed?
9 Water supplies
9.1 Evaluation of supply with regards to quantities available in relation
to minimum requirements and system reliability by water authority for
each risk category as given in 11.1 to 11.4 inclusive and attached C.2
by building/site owner or occupier of individual sites for special risks
where quantities and fire flows in excess of 4.8.1 are required as given
is C.3.
9.2 Fire flow requirements verified as given in C.3 by either
a) evaluation of water supply and hydraulic calculations by registered
engineer; or
b) actual output test.
9.3 Hydrant flows, residual pressure and spacing as given in 11.5.1
and table 9.
9.4 Hydrant maintenance functions and intervals as given in 11.5.2
and table 10.
10 Fire safety functions
10.1 Is there an established fire safety division capable of performing
the following core activities adequately:
a) building plan and fire design review;
b) regulation of flammable and hazardous activities/installations; and
c) inspections?
10.2 Is there a suitable documented system in place for the evaluation
of building proposals in accordance with the SANS 10400 and rational
designs including:
a) records of plans/designs received;
b) results of review; and
c) inspections carried out to ensure compliance?
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Edition 3
Table A.1(concluded)
1 2 3 4
YES NO Comment
10 Fire safety functions (concluded)
10.3 Are the following inspections planned, carried out and recorded
as necessary as given in 8.2 and the following:
a) in response to complaints;
b) to assist owners, occupiers and developers in satisfying legal
requirements;
c) routine inspections of occupancies other than dwellings;
d) others as in given applicable by-laws or other relevant legislation?
10.4 Are flammable and hazardous substances regulated and
controlled as given in 8.3?
10.5 Does the service have:
a) sufficient trained, qualified and experienced staff to fulfil the fire
safety programme requirements and to meet expected work loads;
and
b) are by-laws to regulate the control, storage and transportation of
flammable and hazardous substances enforced?
11 Key performance indicators (KPI)
Are suitable key performance indicators as listed in annex B available
for the last 12 month period?
24
Emergency service: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
statistical purposes
B.1 Monthly record of fires attended by emergency services for
Date: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Key performance indicators specimen forms

Probable cause Sprinkler performance
Occupancy or
Code Welding Number Number of
property Elec. Open Undeter- Other Number Estimated
Smoking Cooking Heating and Lightning Arson of protected Systems Result
faults flames mined (specify) of fires damages
cutting fatalities premises
Residential:
1 Formal
2 Informal
3 Flats
4 Hotels and
boarding houses
(informative)
Annex B
Institutional:
5 Hospitals and
nursing homes
6 Educational
establishments
Public assembly:
7 Churches and
halls
8 Cinemas and
theatres
9 Museums,
libraries, art
galleries
10 Night clubs and
Edition 3
SANS 10090:2003
dance halls
Commercial:
11 Restaurant and
cafes
12 Offices
25
Table B.1 (continued)
Edition 3
SANS 10090:2003
26
Date: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Occupancy or
Commercial
(concluded):
13 Shops
14 Department
stores
15 Garages and
workshops
Storage:
16 Warehouses
17 Outside storage
Industry:
18 Furniture
19 Plastics and
rubber
20 Textile
21 Printing
22 Milling
23 Petroleum
24 Food and drink
25 Paper and
packaging
26 Chemical
Table B.1 (concluded)

Date: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Occupancy or
Industry:
(concluded)
27 Metal
28 Electronics
29 Mines (surface)
30 Utilities:
Transport:
31 Cars, motorcycles
32 Buses
33 Heavy goods
vehicles
34 Ships
35 Trains
36 Aircraft
Other:
37 Rubbish, grass
and bush
Edition 3
SANS 10090:2003
38 Plantations and
forests
39 Agricultural
40 Miscellaneous
fires
Totals
27
B.2 Fire information report form
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SANS 10090:2003
28
Fire service: ............................................................................... Date of fire: ........................................................... Time of call: .........................................................
Description of premises: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Nature of occupancy: ..................................................................................... Where fire started: .............................................................................................................
Material first ignited: ....................................................................................... Source of ignition: ..............................................................................................................
Automatic systems operated and result: ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................

Fire extinguished by (state number and type)
Extinguished before or after arrival: .......................................... Extinguishers ................ Hose - reels ................. Large diameter hose ..... Other ........................
Adults Children Adults Children
Fatalities Male ........ Female ...... Serious injuries Male .......... Female .......
Extent of damage: ......................................................................................... Approximate loss Contents: R ...............................................................................
Building: R .................................................................................
Other comments: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Date: ...................................................................... Name: ........................................................................................ Signature: ............................................................
SANS 10090:2003
Edition 3
B.3 Vehicle availability

1 2 3 4 5 6
Min No. Actual number No. of days % of days
Days in
Appliance type required on the run per min required required
a month
per day day met met
1 Major pumps (3 800 L/m or more)
2 Medium pumps (1 800 L/m - 3 850 L/min)
3 Other appliances as given in PDA's for
special risks:
• Aerial appliances
•
•
B.4 Driver availability

Month:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Minimum number of Actual available per shift
Day
drivers required per shift Total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
% required met: ....................................................... % required not met: ............................................
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Edition 3
B.5 Actual performance

Month: ...............................................................
PDA requirements Number and % requirements met
Risk
Call Appl. Number Manning Call Rec. Appliance
category
Appliance
Manning
Reg. travel of fires Appliances levels Proc time
travel levels
Proc time No % No % No % No %
A
B
C
D
Specific
risks
(state)
B.6 Appliance age and condition (all vehicles forming part of PDA
including special risks)
B.6.1 Vehicles details
Condition
Type Reg. No. Model Age Comment
Poor Good V. good
Year: ........................................................
B.6.2 Vehicle summary
Total Number < Number > Average Overall fleet

Appliances
number 15 years old 15 years old age in years condition
1 Pumping appliance
2 Aerial appliance
3 Special appliance
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Edition 3
B.6.3 Reserve appliances
Pumping appliances: Number available: ..........................................................................................
Availability as percentage of front line fleet: .......................................................................................
Aerial appliances: Has fleet been reduced by more than one in last 12 month period?: YES NO
B.6.4 Details of vehicles off the run where no replacement vehicle available
Vehicle type Duration of the run where no replacement available
B.7 Training requirements

Year: ..................................................................
B.7.1 Initial training
Number of recruits appointed

Number completed basic training % still requiring basic training
and in service
B.7.2 Continuation of training for operational fire-fighters and officers
B.7.2.1 Full/part time staff
Number of fire-fighters/officers Number who received 2 hrs per % that received less than 2 hrs
in service shift or more training per shift training
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Edition 3
B.7.2.2 Volunteers/recruits
Number of volunteers/recruits Number who received 4 hours a % that received less than 4 hours
in service month or more training a month training
B.8 Pre-fire plans and risk visits

Year: ............................
B.8.1 Pre-fire plans
B.8.1.1 Total number of pre-fire plans available ............................
B.8.1.2 Number renewed or updated ............................
B.8.1.3 Number of emergency exercise scheduled ............................
Number of emergency exercises held ............................
Number held as percentage of number scheduled ............................
B.8.2 Risk visits
B.8.2.1 Total number scheduled ............................
B.8.2.2 Number of risk visits conducted ............................
B.8.2.3 Number conducted as percentage of number scheduled ............................
B.8.3 Pre-fire plan review and exercise frequency
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
B.8.4 Risk visit policy including frequency
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
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Edition 3
B.9 Hydrant inspection
Year: .........................................
1 2 3 4 5 6
Number due for
Inspection Total number in Actual number % overdue for
Risk category inspection in
interval risk category area inspected inspection
year in review
A Annual
E Annual
B Biannual
C and D Triannual
Total
B.10 Fire safety functions

Year: ............................
B.10.1 Statistics
B.10.1.1 Building plans
Number of plans reviewed: ............................
Number of rational design reviewed: ............................
Total: ............................
B.10.1.2 Inspections
Occupancy clearance inspections conducted: ............................
Flammable liquid/gas permit inspection (including vehicles): ............................
Inspections in response to complaints: ............................
Routine inspections conducted: ............................
Dangerous goods: ............................
Other (state): ............................
B.10.2 Performance in relation to inspection policy
Total number of inspections planned for Actual number as percentage

Actual number conducted
year to meet inspection policy of total number
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Edition 3
Annex C
(informative)
Assessment schedule forms
C.1 Appliance/manpower assessment

C.1.1 Fire stations
Total number required to meet

Actual number
speed of response
C.1.2 Weight of response
C.1.2.1 Required per shift
Number of
appliances Required Total
Risk
required to X manning lever = drivers Comment
category
meet weight per appliance required
of response
A X =
B X =
C X =
D X =
Total X =
E Evaluate individual as given in PDA requirements
C.1.2.2 Actual per shift
Number of
appliances Required Total
Risk
required to X manning lever = drivers Comment
category
meet weight per appliance required
of response
A X =
B X =
C X =
D X =
Total X =
E Evaluate individual as given in PDA requirements
NOTE Attach detailed organogram.
34
SANS 10090:2003
Edition 3
C.2 Water supply evaluation — general risk category areas

(TO BE COMPLETED BY WATER SUPPLY AUTHORITY)
C.2.1 Minimum quantity available

a) Calculate highest daily consumption as given in 11.2
b) Calculate minimum supply storage requirements for each risk category as given in 11.4.3 and
evaluate sources available and reliability.
Minimum supply storage requirements met or exceeded and supply system reliable
YES NO
C.2.2 Water supply reliability and sustainability

a) Option 1 — Assessment by registered engineer
Evaluate reticulation system in relation to risk profile map prepared by brigade including reliability
and sustainability with particular attention to:
1) reticulation components including pumps, filters and piping systems,
2) ability to deliver required flow in each risk category area, fire flow plus highest daily con-
sumption for area, and
3) minimum residual pressure of 200 kPa available type, size and distribution of hydrants as
given in (d) overleaf.
Is supply in each risk category area able to supply and maintain requirements as given in duration
times:
YES NO
If "NO" give details
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
NOTE Assessment to be conducted by registered engineer and include hydraulic calculations.
35
SANS 10090:2003
Edition 3
b) Option 2 — Fire flow test
1) Using risk category map, select a test point in each risk category area
2) Drawing from hydrant supply, test ability of system to supply fire flow as given in requirements
and in clause 11.3 of evaluation document.
No. of No. of
Test point Test point
hydrants Result hydrants Results
location location
used used
C.2.3 Fire flow test data

Choose closest hydrants to test point subject to the following maximums
Risk
Maximum No. hydrants
category
A 6
C 4
D and E 3
as available in relation to supply requirements
C.2.4 Pump output guide

Select an appropriate number of suitably sized nozzles in relation to rated output of pump (see
examples below)
Nozzle size in mm Approximate discharge L/min

at 5,50 kPa
15 400
20 625
25 975
30 1 400
C.3 Water supply evaluation — special risks

To be completed by emergency service/client with input from registered engineer for fire flows
exceeding requirements for surrounding predominant risk.
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Edition 3
C.3.1 Fire flow requirement

State needs based on construction, contents, demand for fixed installations, hydrants etc. Details:
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
C.3.2 Quantity of water available

3
Total .................................................... m
Duration that fire flow can be sustained ................................................. h.
C.3.3 Water reticulation system

System evaluated with regard to adequacy, reliability and ability to supply required flows to specific
risk areas with particular attention to:
a) pumps and control panel;
b) piping system including sectional valves; and
c) hydrant outlet (distribution, flows/pressure tests, inspection).
Fixed installations such as sprinklers, water sprays etc. (adequately, designed, installed and
maintained)
System evaluated in relation to the above and adequate.
YES NO
If "NO" give details
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
Name: ...................................... Signature: ................................. Date: ........................................
37
SANS 10090:2003
Edition 3
Bibliography
FPA: Evaluation criteria for the classification of fire brigades.
© Standards South Africa
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© SABS.

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Community protection against fire

Published by Standards South Africa

Edition 3 cancels and replaces the first revision (SABS 090:1972).

2 Normative references ........................................................................................................... 3

4 Fire protection ....................................................................................................................... 4

5 Organization of fire services ................................................................................................. 5

7 Fire alarms ............................................................................................................................ 15

8 Fire prevention ...................................................................................................................... 15

9 Pre-fire planning and risk visits ............................................................................................. 16

10 Occupational health and safety ............................................................................................ 16

11 Water supply ......................................................................................................................... 17

12 Key performance indicators (KPI) ......................................................................................... 19

Annex A (normative) Assessment schedule ......................................................................... 21

Annex B (informative) Key performance indicators specimen forms ...................................... 25

Annex C (informative) Assessment schedule forms ............................................................... 34

This page is intentionally left blank

Community protection against fire

1.2 It also gives recommendations for water supplies for fire-fighting.

NFPA 291, Fire flow testing and marking of hydrants.

NFPA 1201, Developing fire protection services for the public.

NFPA 1500, Fire department occupational health and safety program.

NFPA 1561, Fire department incident management system.

NFPA 1901, Automotive fire apparatus.

4.2 Fire-risk categories

Category C: Residential areas of conventional construction.

5 Organization of fire services

5.2 Fire brigades

1) risk profile of area of jurisdiction;

2) weight and speed of response;

3) call receipt and processing requirements;

4) vehicle/equipment availability and maintenance;

5) incident management procedures;

6) pre-fire planning and risk visits;

8) water supplies; and

9) fire safety functions; and

Category 4: A brigade as given in category 5(a) as monitored by relevant performance

Category 3: A brigade as given for category 5(a) as monitored by relevant performance

Category 2: A brigade as given for category 5(a) as monitored by relevant performance

Category 1: A brigade as given for category 5(a) as monitored by relevant performance

5.2.1.2 All brigades should endeavour to fall into a category 1 classification.

5.2.2 Weight and speed of response

5.2.2.2 Weight of response

Table 1 — Weight of response at fires

5.2.2.3 Speed of response

Table 2 — Attendance times at fires

5.2.2.4 Siting of fire stations and determination of station areas

Table 3 — Examples of station areas

a) suitable number of telephone lines;

b) alarm or callout facilities to despatch crews; and

5.2.3.2 Telephone lines

Lines should be subdivided as follows:

b) at least one line for administration.

Table 4 ― Emergency lines

5.2.3.3 Control centre operators and or supervisors

5.2.3.3.2 It should not take longer than 60 s to respond to the call.

5.3 Vehicle and or equipment availability and maintenance

Management of the emergency vehicle fleet shall include:

b) procurement of additional vehicles;