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    Lecture 2 - Relational Databases

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    Bilal Ayub
    The document discusses data modeling and provides details on conceptual, logical, and physical data modeling. It defines data modeling and explains the process. It also discusses different types of data models and why data modeling is important.

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    Lecture 2 - Relational Databases

    Uploaded by

    Bilal Ayub
    5 views32 pages
    The document discusses data modeling and provides details on conceptual, logical, and physical data modeling. It defines data modeling and explains the process. It also discusses different types of data models and why data modeling is important.

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    The document discusses data modeling and provides details on conceptual, logical, and physical data modeling. It defines data modeling and explains the process. It also discusses different types of data models and why data modeling is important.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views32 pages

    Lecture 2 - Relational Databases

    Uploaded by

    Bilal Ayub
    The document discusses data modeling and provides details on conceptual, logical, and physical data modeling. It defines data modeling and explains the process. It also discusses different types of data models and why data modeling is important.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 32

    Lecture 2

    Data Modeling
    Data Architecture
    Data Modeling

    “Data Modeling is an abstraction that organizes


    elements of data and how they will relate to each
    other”
    – Wikipedia

    Example: Spreadsheets for household


    • You define rows and columns
    • You structure your data
    Process of Data Modeling
    The process of data modeling is to
    • Organize data into databases.
    • To ensure that your data is persistent.
    • To ensure that it is easily useable by you and your
    organization.

    Data Modeling is also called database modeling.


    Data Modeling
    • Process to support business and
    user applications

    • Gather requirements

    • Conceptual Data Modeling

    • Logical Data Modeling

    • Physical Data Modeling


    Conceptual Data Modeling
    • Offers a big view picture of the
    business structure
    • Created as part of the process of
    gathering initial project
    requirements
    • Typically includes entity classes,
    their characteristics and
    constraints and the relationships
    between them
    Logical Data Modeling
    • Greater detail about the system
    • More concerned about system
    implementation
    • Data attributes in each entity are
    defined
    • Data attributes, such as data
    types and lengths and
    relationships between entities are
    indicated
    Physical Data Modeling
    • Demonstrates the low-level
    implementation details
    • A finalized design is offered
    containing data types, primary
    and foreign keys
    • Can include DBMS-specific
    properties, including performance
    tuning.
    Types of Data Modeling
    • Hierarchical Data Models
    • Relationships represented in a tree-like format
    • Each record has a single root/parent and maps to child tables
    Types of Data Modeling
    • Relational Data Models
    • Data segments are explicitly joined through the use of tables,
    reducing database complexity.
    Types of Data Modeling
    • Graph Data Models
    • Based on Graph Theory
    • Nodes and Edges in a graph are used to represent data
    Why is data modeling important?
    (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation,
    Durability)
    PostgreSQL Pros and Cons
    Pros
    • This database management engine is scalable and can handle terabytes
    of data.
    • It supports JSON.
    • There are a variety of predefined functions.
    • A number of interfaces are available.
    Cons
    • Documentation can be spotty, so you may find yourself searching online
    in an effort to figure out how to do something.
    • Configuration can be confusing.
    • Speed may suffer during large bulk operations or read queries.

    Reference: https://www.keycdn.com/blog/popular-databases
    Comparison of Postgres with SQLite and MySQL
    Name SQLite MySQL PostgreSQL
    Architecture File Based Client Server Client Server
    Transactional ACID ACID ACID
    consistency
    Replication None Master-Slave Master-Slave Replication
    Replication, Master-
    Master Replication

    Programming C, C++ C, C++ C


    Language (Base
    Code)
    Popular Use-Cases Low-Medium Traffic Web Sites, Web Analytics, Data
    Websites, IoT and Applications, LAMP Mining, Data
    Embedded Devices, stack, OLTP-based Warehousing,
    Testing and applications Business
    Development Intelligence, Hadoop
    Key Customers Adobe, Facebook, and GitHub, Facebook, and Cloudera, Instagram, and
    Apple YouTube ViaSat

    Reference: https://logz.io/blog/relational-database-comparison/
    Famous Companies using PostgreSQL

    c
    Demo

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