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UNIT 9 Grammar PASSIVE VOICE (1) Vocabulary APARTMENT LIVING

A. GRAMMAR
1. Context reading

Are you curious about how bricks are made?

1 2 3 4 5

This is how bricks are made.

First, the clay is dug up from the ground by a digger.

Next, the clay is put on a metal grid and then it is broken into smaller pieces with the help of a roller.
Then the clay is mixed with sand and water. The mixture is either kept in a mould or cut in a wire
cutter to make bricks.
Next, the bricks are dried in an oven.

After that, they are packaged.

Finally, they are delivered to customers.

Activity: Dạng của động từ trong các câu trên có gì đặc biệt so với những dạng của động từ đã học ở các
bài trước?
-> ………………………………………………….………………………………………………….…………
2. Usage

➔ Câu bị động dùng để nhấn mạnh ………………………………………………….…………

3. Structure
(Active voice) Young people prefer mobile devices.

(Passive voice) Mobile devices are preferred by young people.

S + be + V(p2) (+ by Sb)

* How passive voice is used in different tenses

Activity: Fill in each blank with suitable information. There is one suggestion that has been done for you.
Tenses Formula
Present simple S + am / is / are + Vpp
Present continuous S + ………………………….. + Vpp

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Present perfect S + ………………………….. + Vpp

Past simple S + ………………………….. + Vpp
Past perfect S + ………………………….. + Vpp
Future simple S + ………………………….. + Vpp
Near future S + ………………………….. + Vpp

Check-up 1: Do as you are required as below.

a. Give the correct form of the verbs below.
1.
Q: Do you like the design of your house?
A: My house ……………… fully (furnish) ……………… when it (build) ……………… last year but I didn’t
like the design of it, so I decided to remove some items and decorated it myself.
2.
Q: Do you often do the housework?
A: Well, most of the cleaning or washing in my house ……………… (do) ……………… by my sister and I often
share the housework with her when I have free time.
3.
Q: What is your favorite room in your house?
A: It is definitely the living room. It ……………… (decorate) ……………… by my elder brother – also an
architect. It has a simple design, but cozy and elegant.
b. Write meaningful sentences based on the words given. Make changes to the words if necessary.
The diagram shows the process of how tea is made.
1. Growing stage 2. Picking stage 3. Resting stage 4. Drying stage

5. Packing stage 6. Delivery stage 7. Shopping stage

1. First /, / tea / grow / for / three / year.

………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Then / it / pick / by / hand.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
3. After that, / the / tea / leave / to / rest / either / outdoors / or / indoors.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….

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………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Next, it / put / in / dry / machine. / It / dry / there / two / hours. The / temperature / during / this / stage / of /
process / be / over 260°C.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Then / the / dried / tea / make / into / teabag / and / teabag / put / into / box.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
6. The / box / then / pack / into / lorry. The / lorry / deliver / tea / to / supermarket.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Finally, / customer / buy / tea / when / they / go / shopping.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
Check-up 2: Write full sentences based on the words given to complete a sample answer for the question
below. Supply the correct form of the verbs.
Describe your house where you are living.
You should say:
- where the house or apartment is
- when you started living there
- what it looks like on the outside and/or inside
- and explain whether you love your house.
SAMPLE ANSWER
1. Now / I / live / a / two-storey house / Ba Dinh district, / Hanoi.
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
2. It / not / very / big / for / family / of / five / like / mine / but / I / think / it / cosy / enough / and / it / always /
place / I / want / come / back / to / after / day / at / work.
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
3. My / family / have / move / here / since / I / was / just / 3 / year / old.
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
4. It / located / quiet / neighborhood / in / alley / and / it / far away / from / city crowd / and / pollutions.
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
5. It / basic / home / with / a / living room, a / kitchen / and / three / bedroom.
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The / balcony / decorate / with / some / of / my / favorite / flower / and / plant.

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…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The / house / bring / us / vintage vibe.
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
8. We / often / gather / in / living room, especially / at / weekend, watch / our / favorite / film / TV / while / dad /
sister / make / some / snack.
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I / love / my / house / because / everything / about / it / peaceful.
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Every / morning / I / wake / up / and / look / outside / at / window / of / my / room, I / see / old / people / chat
/ and / children / play / together / playground.
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
11. I / also / love / it / when / mom / cook / our / favorite / dish / in / kitchen / with / help / of / dad / and / sister.
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Regular and irregular verbs
Check-up 3: Read the passage below and give the correct forms of the verbs.
Mother Goose House (USA)
In the town of Hazard, Kentucky, there is one of the most interesting
homes in America: the Mother Goose House. It (build) ……………… in
the 1930s, the house features a goose head on its roof, and (have)
……………… three bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, a bath, dining
room, and large family room underneath.

Dupli.Casa (Germany)
This (design) ……………… by German architect J.Mayer, who (know)
……………… for his unique homes. Although the shape of the house is
unusual, it (look) ……………… like a nice place to live in.

The Tree Hotel (Sweden)

This house is lightweight and made of aluminum and its exterior is clad
in mirrored glass which allows it to perfectly blend in with its
surroundings and to reflect the sky and the trees. The house (consist)
……………… of a bedroom and a small bathroom.

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Cách hình thành dạng bị động của động từ có quy tắc: ……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………
Cách hình thành dạng bị động của động từ bất quy tắc: ……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………

5. Note on using certain verbs with prepositions

Make
Hi, I am Cakie. I am a super delicious cake. Let me tell you about me.
I am made by Ms. Laura.
I am made for Bobby – Ms. Laura’s son. Today is his birthday.
I am made from flour, milk, and eggs.

Add

It’s me again, Cakie.

Salt was added to me to make me more yummy. I don’t know why!

Cut
A strawberry is cut with a knife and I am decorated with it.
Do I look nice?

-> Chọn đáp án đúng: Chúng ta sử dụng “by” khi mô tả một hành động:
a. được tạo ra hoặc được thực hiện trực tiếp bởi một chủ thể.
b. được thực hiện bởi chính vật đó.
-> Chọn đáp án đúng: Chúng ta sử dụng “with” khi mô tả một hành động:
a. được thực hiện bởi bàn tay con người.
b. được thực hiện gián tiếp bởi một công cụ hay phương pháp nào đó.
* Words that cannot be used in passive voice

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The number of supermarkets in town

A, town B and town C
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2005 2006

Town A Town B
Town C

• The number of supermarkets in town A from • The number of supermarkets in town A from
2005 to 2006 was decreased. 2005 to 2006 decreased.
• The number of supermarkets in town B from • The number of supermarkets in town B from
2005 to 2006 was increased. 2005 to 2006 increased.
• The number of supermarkets in town B from • The number of supermarkets in town B from
2005 to 2006 was remained unchanged / 2005 to 2006 remained unchanged / stayed
was stayed the same. the same.
->
Các động từ “increase”, “decrease”, “remain”, “stay” (với ý nghĩa mô tả số liệu) không chia
ở dạng bị động.

Check-up 4: The essay below contains nine mistakes. Find and correct them.
The graph shows the information about the number of marriages in the UK from 1951 to 2001.

The line graph shows the information about the number of marriages in the UK from 1951 to 2009.
Overall, the figure for all marriages was the highest between 1951 and 2009, while the number of remarried
couples were remained the lowest throughout this period.

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In 1951, there were around 400,000 marriages in the UK, then this figure was risen and reached a peak of roughly
480,000 in 1972. From 1972 to 2009, the number of all marriages was declined and hit approximately 380,000 at
the end of the period.
The number of first-time marriages were followed the similar trend as total marriages during the period. The
number of remarriages was started from 300,000 in 1951 and was fallen to just under 200,000 in 2009.
The number of British people who remarried stood just under 90,000 in 1951. This figure then was remained
steady for the next two decades. In 1972, the figure was jumped to 120,000 and then was remained stable at around
100,000 until 2009.
………………. -> ………………. ………………. -> ………………. ………………. -> ……………….
………………. -> ………………. ………………. -> ………………. ………………. -> ……………….
………………. -> ………………. ………………. -> ………………. ………………. -> ……………….
Check-up 5: Give the correct form of the verbs below.

The first diagram shows how cement (make) …………………., and the second diagram shows the materials in
the production of concrete.
Overall, there are five stages in the production of cement, beginning with the input of raw materials and ending
with bags of the finished product. To produce concrete, four different materials (mix) …………………. together.
At the first stage in the production of cement, limestone and clay (crush) …………………. to form a powder.
Then, this powder (mix) …………………. before it passes into a rotating heater. After heating, the resulting
mixture (grind) …………………., and cement (make) …………………. . Finally, the cement (package)
…………………. in large bags.
Cement is one of the four raw materials that (use) …………………. in the production of concrete, along with
gravel, sand and water. Concrete consists of 50% gravel, 25% sand, 15% cement and 10% water. All four materials
(blend) …………………. together in a concrete mixer.

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B. PRONUNCIATION
PART 1 /tʃ/ & /dʒ/

/tʃ/ /dʒ/
E.g: kitchen (/ˈkɪtʃ.ən/) E.g: jam (/dʒæm/)

Exercise 1: Based on each pronunciation, fill in each blank with ONLY ONE suitable word.
My name’s Rachel and I’m a student. I’m in my 2nd year at Central School of Art. I live in a (1) (/lɑːrdʒ/)
………………… flat in an apartment block in a quiet street in Princetown, only 2 km from the city centre.
The flat’s about 120 m². There are 3 bedrooms and I would like to rent one of them to another student. It’s a very
big room, about 4.5 m wide and 6 m long. The flat has a shared bathroom, (2) (/ˈkɪtʃ.ən/) ………………… and
(3) (/laʊndʒ/) …………………; it’s modern and comfortable and has fast Wi-Fi.
The price is €400 per month. If you would like more information, or if you would like to see the flat, please call
me on 1896 320744.
Exercise 2: Read the words and put them in the right group.
lounge bridge chair large chicken cheap juice
Dutch language chips orange cheese dangerous

Words with /tʃ/: …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Words with /dʒ/: …………………………………………………………………………………………………
PART 2 /m/, /n/ & /ŋ/

/m/ /n/ /ŋ/

E.g: summer (/ˈsʌm.ɚ/) E.g: new (/nuː/)
/
E.g: singer (/ˈsɪŋ.ɚ/)

Exercise 1: Based on each pronunciation, write the correct word.

…………….…………… /ˈmɒn.jə.mənt/ …………….…………… /ˈlænd.mɑːrk/
…………….…………… /ˈstʌn.ɪŋ/ …………….…………… /ˈbeɪs.mənt/
…………….…………… /dɪˈzaɪn/ …………….…………… /dəʊm/
…………….…………… /meɪnˈteɪn/ …………….…………… /dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃ/

Track 1
Exercise 2: Listen to the audio, read and write the word.
1. ….………… 2. ….………… 3. ….………… 4. ….…………
5. ….………… 6. ….………… 7. ….………… 8. ….…………

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C. PRACTICE
Exercise 1 Complete the answer to each question by writing full sentences based on the words given.
1.
Q: What is your most favorite room in your house?
A: Well, I / suppose / kitchen / because / it / have / the / view / backyard / and / it / beautiful / decorate / my /
parent / and / sister / in / law. It / also / equip / basic / kitchenware / such / fridge / oven / and / cooker.
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
2.
Q: Is there anything about your house that you would like to change?
A: Well, it / would / nice / if / my / house / were / paint / light blue. The / current / color / green / and / it / make /
my / house / look / darker.
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
3.
A: Do you decorate your own bedroom?
B: Actually, I / not / good / painting / so / I / not / decorate / my / room / by / myself. My / elder / brother / help /
me / that. Everything / in / room / design / him.
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
Exercise 2 Look at the map below and answer the questions. There are suggested verbs for you to
answer each question. Use the passive voice to write the sentences.
The map below shows the development of a seaside village between 1995 and 2015.
1995 2015

E.g.: What happened to the café? (remain unchanged)

-> It has remained unchanged over the years.
1. What happened to the houses in the north of the village? (build)
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….

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2. What happened to the farmland? (destroy) What replaced it?

…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
3. What happened to the shops? (replace)
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
4. What happened to the fish market? (replace)
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
5. What happened to the fishing port? (remove)
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
6. What was built next to the hotel? (build)
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
7. What happened to the forest park? (demolish)
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
…………………..………………….………………….………………….………………….………………….
Exercise 3 Write meaningful sentences based on the words given. Make changes to the words if
necessary.
The diagram below shows the stages in the recycling of aluminium drinks cans.

1. The diagram / show / step / of / recycle / aluminium / drinks / can.

………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Overall, there / six / stage / in / process.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….

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………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
3. First, the / drink / cans / put / into / recycling / bin.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Then / they / transport / a / recycling / centre.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Here, they / crush / into / cube.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
6. The / aluminium cubes / melt / down / at / high / temperatures / and / turn / into / new / bar / of / aluminium.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
7. After that, they / form / into / aluminium / roll.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
8. These / aluminium rolls / use / make / new / drink / cans.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
9. Finally, they / deliver / vending machine / for / consumption.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
Exercise 4 Write meaningful sentences to make a complete sample answer based on the suggested words
below.
Describe your ideal house.
Suggested answer
1. Today / I / will / talk / my / ideal / house / and / it / would / beautiful / house / by / beach.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
2. It / will / paint / light yellow - / my / favorite / color / and / the / ceiling / will / decorate / with / ornament / such
/ sea / horse / or / starfish.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I / love / natural / light / so / each / room / have / own / window. I / think / window / will / decorate / with / pink
/ curtain.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
4. The / wall / living room / will / decorate / photo / my / family / our / painting / will / hang / on / wall / in /
kitchen.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….

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………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
5. The / kitchen / will / also / equip / high-quality / kitchen / utensil / such / air fryer / and / oven.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
6. I / think / I / have / save / lot / money / afford / my / ideal / house.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
7. I have / to / try / best / realize / dream.
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….
Exercise 51 Read the passage below and match the information to the correct paragraph.
A
As a famous runner, I do a lot of travelling as part of my job. Last year I did races in London, New York, Paris
and Dubai. I also went to Thailand for a big sports event, which was an amazing experience. However, when I
have time to take a holiday, I love going to my aunt and uncle’s house in the south of Spain. I go there for two
weeks every summer with my whole family. My aunt and uncle bought the house when I was very young and I
still remember the summers I spent there when I was a child. It is a beautiful house and my favourite place to stay
in the whole world.
B
The house is just outside a small village and it is close to the mountains and the sea. It is more than 100 years old.
In the past, it was a farm with horses, chickens and sheep. There are no animals there now, but there is still a lot
of land, so the house has a really big garden. In the garden, there is a barbecue area, and we often have dinner
there in the summertime. There are fruit trees, vegetables and a lot of flowers. We don’t need a swimming pool,
because the house is so close to the sea. We always spend a lot of time at the beach when we go there in the
summer.
C
All of the rooms are large and pretty. On the ground floor, there is a big kitchen and living room, a bathroom and
one bedroom. Upstairs there is one large bedroom with its own small bathroom. You can see the mountains from
this bedroom. There are two more bedrooms where you can see the sea. My favourite bedroom is the first one on
the left when you go up the stairs. I used to stay there when I was a child. It has a seat in the window where I like
to sit and read books or write letters.
D
The style of the house is very traditional. There is a very large dinner table in the kitchen, so that the whole family
can sit down and eat together. The living room has comfortable chairs and a large television screen. We often
watch films or play games there in the evenings. My uncle made a lot of the furniture himself. He made the tables
and chairs in the kitchen and all the beds. The walls are all painted in different shades of green and blue to look
like the sea. My aunt loves to paint, and does beautiful paintings of the mountains and the sea in the area. There
are many of these paintings on the walls.
E

1
Source: tripadvisor.com

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The house is close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the area, and it is possible to walk to some of the
best beaches, where there are not many people. In fact, we sometimes have the whole beach to ourselves! The
village is a short walk or bicycle ride from the house, and you can find some lovely cafés and restaurants in the
main square. I often go canoeing, horse riding and hiking nearby. It is great to get away from the city and relax in
nature.
Example: 1A 2B 3C …
1. Some outdoor activities that Rosa likes doing ………………..
2. Rosa’s favourite place to sleep ………………..
3. The history of the house ………………..
4. The furniture in the house ………………..
5. Rosa’s favourite place to go on holiday ………………..
Exercise 6 Listen and do Exercise 1 (p62) – Basic Tactics for Listening.
Exercise 7 Listen and do Exercise 2 (p63) – Basic Tactics for Listening.
Exercise 8 Listen and do Exercise 3 (p64) – Basic Tactics for Listening.

Exercise 9 Watch the video and answer the questions below.

1. What are there in the living room?
………………………...………………………...………………………...………………………...........................

2. What are there in the kitchen?

………………………...………………………...………………………...………………………...........................

3. What does she often do in the study?

………………………...………………………...………………………...………………………...........................
4. What do the house owners often do in the rec room in the basement?
………………………...………………………...………………………...………………………...........................

5. What is in the laundry room?

………………………...………………………...………………………...………………………...........................

Useful expressions

Cách nói chào mừng người khác đến nhà

………………………...………………………... Welcome to my house!

Cách chỉ dẫn, giới thiệu người khác với cái gì

Let me show you Sth ………………………...………………………...

Cách giới thiệu cái gì

………………………...………………………... This is the living room, with the TV and the speakers.

This is the fridge.

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Cách liệt kê cái gì

………………………...………………………... There is a sofa.

There are two bookshelf.

Cách cảm ơn người khác vì đã làm gì cho mình

That’s so nice of Sb. Thanks! ………………………...………………………...

D. VOCABULARY

………………………... trang trí ………………………... (nơi nào đó) nhìn ra ngoài

sân

………………………... đồ trang trí ………………………... không giỏi việc gì

………………………... được trang bị đầy đủ ………………………... lý tưởng

………………………... phá huỷ ………………………... có khả năng mua vật gì đó

………………………... thay thế ………………………... tiềm năng

………………………... đồ dùng nhà bếp ………………………... đài quan sát

E. HOMEWORK

Exercise 1: Practice reading the passage below.

My favourite room in my house is the living room. I like this room because it is very relaxing and I enjoy spending
time there with my friends and family. The living room is at the front of my house. There are two big sofas and
two small armchairs. The sofas are blue and the armchairs are grey. My sister put a lot of cushions on the sofas.
There is also a colourful rug on the floor, which my parents bought when they went on holiday to Turkey. There
is a big painting of some boats on the wall, and some pictures of me and my sister and my parents. There is a big
bookcase with a lot of books in it. Sometimes I sit in my favourite chair and read a book. There is a big television
screen on the wall. I often watch films with my family on Saturday nights. Sometimes we order pizza and eat it
in the living room while the film is on. There is also a piano in the living room. My sister plays the piano very
well. I am not very good, but I have lessons, so I hope I will be better one day.
Exercise 2: Answer the questions below.
1. Do you live in a house or an apartment?
2. What is your favorite room in your home?
3. Would you change anything about your home?
4. How is your apartment decorated?
5. Do you have a garden?

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