Chemistry 11 Isotopes & Mass of Compounds WS

Isotopes and Mass of Compounds Worksheet

Name:________________________ Date: ________________________

Instructions: Complete each question on your own or with ONE partner on loose-leaf. Read the instructions carefully.
Remember to include significant figures in all of your calculations!

1. Name three ways that isotopes of an element differ.

2. Complete the following table:

Number of Number of
Isotope Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Mass
Protons Neutrons

2
Hydrogen-2 1 H
83
38 Sr

92 146

C 8

201 80

3. List the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each of the following atoms:
36 61 3 17 79
a) 18 Ar b) Cu
29 c) 1 H d) 8 O e) 35 Br

4. What is the atomic mass of an element?

234 235
5. Uranium has three isotopes with the following percent abundances: 92 U (0.0058%), U (0.71%) and
92
238
92 U (99.23%). What do you expect the mass of uranium to be in whole numbers? Why?

63 65
6. The element copper is found to contain the naturally occurring isotopes Cu and
29 Cu . The relative abundances
29

are 69.1% and 30.9%, respectively. Calculate the average atomic mass of copper.

7. Explain why the atomic masses for most elements are not whole numbers.

8. How are the three isotopes of hydrogen alike? How are they different?

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Chemistry 11 Isotopes & Mass of Compounds WS

9. The four isotopes of lead are shown below, each with its percent by mass abundance and the composition of its
nucleus. Using this data, calculate the atomic mass of lead.

82 p 82 p 82 p 82 p
122 n 124 n 125 n 126 n

1.37% 26.26% 20.82% 51.55%

10. Lithium has two naturally occurring isotopes. Lithium-6 has an atomic mass of 6.015 amu; lithium-7 has an atomic
mass of 7.016 amu. The atomic mass of lithium is 6.941. What is the percentage of lithium-6 and lithium-7 in
nature?

11. Calculate the formula (or molecular) mass of the following compounds:
a) H2SO4 h) C12H22O11 o) MgSO4
b) NaOH i) Pb(OH)2 p) Al(NO3)3
c) NH4NO3 j) K2SO4 q) Li3PO4
d) Fe(C2H3O2)3 k) CaSO3 r) SO2
e) CuSO4 l) CuSO4 · 5H2O s) MgCO3
f) CaSO4 · 2H2O m) N2O5 t) Na2CO3
g) MnCl2 · 4H2O n) (NH4)3PO4 u) CHCl2COOH

12. Lead has an atomic number of 82 and an atomic mass of 207. Assuming the mass of an electron is 5.49 x 10-4 amu,
determine what percent of a lead atom’s mass is due to the electrons.

35
13. The element chlorine has a normal atomic mass of 35.453 amu and consists of two isotopes: Cl of mass 34.969
amu and 37Cl of mass 36.966 amu. How much 35Cl does the element chlorine contain?

14. The four most numerous atoms in igneous rocks are oxygen, silicon, aluminum and sodium. The relative number of
atoms of each are, respectively, 296 amu, 100 amu, 30.5 amu and 12.4 amu. If you had a rock consisting only of
these atoms in this ratio, what percent of the rock’s mass is due to the aluminum atoms?

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 Chemistry 11 Isotopes & Mass of Compounds WS

Answers

1. Atomic mass, number of neutrons, atomic number. 5. 238 amu. The atomic mass in whole numbers is 238
2. amu since more than 99% of uranium atomst have a
mass number of 238.
Atomic Atomic # of # of 6. 63.6 amu
Isotope Symbol
# Mass Proton Neutron 7. Most elements have two or more naturally
2
occurring isotopes. The atomic mass on the
H-2 1 H 1 2 1 1 periodic table is the weighted average of the
masses of these isotopes.
83
Sr-83 38 Sr 38 83 38 45 8. The three isotopes of hydrogen all have one proton
and one electron. The isotopes have 0, 1 and 2
238 neutrons respectively.
U-238 92 U 92 238 92 146 9. 207 amu
10. Lithium-6 = 7.5%, Lithium-7 = 92.5%
14
C-14 6 C 6 14 6 8 11. a) 98.1 amu b) 40.0 amu c) 80.0 amu d) 230 amu
e) 160 amu f) 172 amu g) 198 amu h) 342 amu
Hg- 201
i) 241 amu j) 174 amu k) 120 amu l) 250 amu
80 Hg 80 201 80 121 m) 108 amu n) 149 amu o) 120 amu p) 213 amu
201
q) 116 amu r) 64.1 amu s) 84 amu t) 106 amu
u) 129 amu
3. a) 18, 18, 18 b) 29, 32, 29 c) 1, 2, 1 12. 2.17 x 10-2 % or 0.0217%
d) 8, 9, 8 e) 35, 44, 35 13. 75.8%
4. The weighted average of the masses of its isotopes. 14. 6.95%

Page 3
Chemistry 11 Naming/Formulas/Equations Practice

Naming, Formulas and Balancing Equations Worksheet

Name:________________________ Date: ________________________

Instructions: Complete each question on loose-leaf on your own or with ONE partner. Read the instructions carefully.

1. Balance the following equations and then classify the reaction as a synthesis, decomposition, single replacement,
double replacement or hydrocarbon combustion. It is also recommended that you write each equation out in
words and practice naming compounds and molecules.

a) ____CH4 + ____O2 ® ____CO2 + ____H2O _________________________

b) ____Na + ____I2 ® ____NaI _________________________

c) ____N2 + ____O2 ® ____N2O _________________________

d) ____N2 + ____H2 ® ____NH3 _________________________

e) ____KI + ____Cl2 ® ____KCl + ____I2 _________________________

f) ____HCl + ____Ca(OH)2 ® ____CaCl2 + ____H2O _________________________

g) ____KClO3 ® ____KCl + ____O2 _________________________

h) ____K3PO4 + ____HCl ® ____KCl + ____H3PO4 _________________________

i) ____S + ____O2 ® ____SO3 _________________________

j) ____KI + ____Pb(NO3)2 ® ____KNO3 + ____PbI2 _________________________

k) ____CaSO4 + ____AlBr3 ® ____CaBr2 + ____Al2(SO4)3 _________________________

l) ____H2O2 ® ____H2O + ____O2 _________________________

m) ____Na + ____H2O ® ____NaOH + ____H2 _________________________

n) ____C2H6 + ____O2 ® ____CO2 + ____H2O _________________________

o) ____Mg(NO3)2 + ____K3PO4 ® ____Mg3(PO4)2 + ____KNO3

_________________________

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Chemistry 11 Naming/Formulas/Equations Practice

2. Balance the following equations and then classify the reaction as a synthesis, decomposition, single replacement,
double replacement or hydrocarbon combustion. It is also recommended that you write each equation out in
words and practice naming compounds and molecules.

a) ____Sb + ___Cl2 ® ____SbCl3 _________________________

b) ____Mg + ____O2 ® ____MgO _________________________

c) ____CaCl2 ® ____Ca + ____Cl2 _________________________

d) ____NaClO3 ® ____NaCl + ____O2 _________________________

e) ____Fe + ____HCl ® ____FeCl2 + ____H2 _________________________

f) ____CuO + ____H2 ® ____Cu + ____H2O _________________________

g) ____Al + ____H2SO4 ® ____Al2(SO4)3 + ____H2 _________________________

h) ____MgBr2 + ____Cl2 ® ____MgCl2 + ____Br2 _________________________

i) ____SnO2 + ____C ® ____Sn + ____CO _________________________

j) ____Pb(NO3)2 + ____H2S ® ____PbS + ____HNO3 _________________________

k) ____HgO ® ____Hg + ____O2 _________________________

l) ____KClO3 ® ____KCl + ____O2 _________________________

m) ____N2 + ____H2 ® ____NH3 _________________________

n) ____NaBr + ____Cl2 ® ____NaCl + ____Br2 _________________________

o) ____C3H8 + ____O2 ® ____CO2 + ____H2O _________________________

p) ____Zn + ____AgNO3 ® ____Zn(NO3)2 + ____Ag _________________________

q) ____Sn + ____Cl2 ® ____SnCl4 _________________________

r) ____Ba(OH)2 ® ____BaO + ____H2O _________________________

s) ____Mg(OH)2 + ____HCl ® ____MgCl2 + ____H2O _________________________

Page 2
Chemistry 11 Naming/Formulas/Equations Practice

t) ____Na2CO3 + ____HCl ® ____NaCl + ____H2CO3 _________________________

u) ____NH4NO2 ® ____N2 + ____H2O _________________________

v) ____N2 + ____O2 ® ____N2O5 _________________________

w) ____MgCO3 ® ____MgO + ____CO2 _________________________

x) ____KBr + ____Cl2 ® ____KCl + ____Br2 _________________________

y) ____Zn + ____CuSO4 ® ____Cu + ____ZnSO4 _________________________

z) ____P + ____O2 ® ____P4O6 _________________________

aa) ____SrBr2 + ____(NH4)2CO3 ® ____SrCO3 + ____NH4Br

_________________________

bb) ____C4H10 + ____O2 ® ____CO2 + ____H2O _________________________

cc) ____AgNO3 + ____(NH4)2CrO4 ® ____Ag2CrO4 + ____NH4NO3

_________________________

dd) ____K + ____H2O ® ____KOH + ____H2 _________________________

ee) ____Al + ____Pb(NO3)2 ® ____Al(NO3)3 + ____Pb _________________________

ff) ____Fe + ____O2 ® ____Fe3O4 _________________________

gg) ____Li + ____O2 ® ____Li2O _________________________

hh) ____ZnCl2 + ____KOH ® ____Zn(OH)2 + ____KCl _________________________

ii) ____Fe3O4 + ____H2 ® ____Fe + ____H2O _________________________

jj) ____Pb(NO3)2 ® ____Pb + ____NO2 + ____O2 _________________________

kk) ____H2O ® ____H2 + ____O2 _________________________

ll) ____Mg + ____N2 ® ____Mg3N2 _________________________

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Chemistry 11 Naming/Formulas/Equations Practice

mm) ____C2H5OH + ____O2 ® ____CO2 + ____H2O _________________________

3. Write the word equations below as chemical equations (with physical states), then balance and classify the reaction
as a synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement or hydrocarbon combustion.

a) Crystals of aluminum bromide and chlorine gas react to form aluminum chloride crystals and bromine gas.

b) Potassium metal and chlorine gas combine to form solid potassium chloride.

c) Hydrogen gas and nitrogen monoxide react to form water and nitrogen gas.

d) Zinc metal and oxygen gas react to produce zinc oxide powder.

e) Chlorine gas and sodium metal react to form sodium chloride crystals.

f) Solid barium chloride and fluorine gas combine to produce barium fluoride crystals and chlorine gas.

g) Solid lead (IV) sulphide and oxygen gas react to produce lead (IV) oxide powder and sulphur dioxide.

h) Chromium (III) bromide crystals and chlorine gas combine to form solid chromium (III) chloride and bromine gas.

i) Zinc metal and a solution of lead (II) nitrate react to form a solution of zinc nitrate and solid lead.

j) A solution of sodium phosphate and calcium chloride crystals react to form a solution of calcium phosphate and
sodium chloride crystals.

k) Aluminum metal and a solution of hydrochloric acid react to form aluminum chloride crystals and hydrogen gas.

l) Solid calcium hydroxide and a solution of phosphoric acid react to form calcium phosphate solution and water.

m) Copper metal and a solution of sulphuric acid react to form solid copper (II) sulphate, water and sulphur dioxide
gas.

Page 4
Chemistry 11 The Mole & Molar Mass Practice

The Mole and Molar Mass Worksheet

Name:________________________ Date: ________________________

Instructions: Complete each question on loose-leaf on your own or with ONE partner. Read the instructions carefully.

1. a) How many moles are 1.20 x 1025 atoms of phosphorus?

b) How many atoms are in 0.750 mol of zinc?
c) How many molecules are in 0.400 mol dinitrogen pentoxide?
d) How many moles are contained in 1.20 x 1024 molecules of carbon dioxide?
e) How many ammonium ions are in 0.036 mol ammonium phosphate?
f) How many carbon atoms are in a mixture of 3.00 mol acetylene (C2H2) and 0.700 mol carbon monoxide?

2. Name the representative particle (atom, compound or molecule) of each of the following substances:
a) Hydrogen
b) Iron (II) Hydroxide
c) Copper
d) Carbon Monoxide

3. What is the total number of ions in a compound of each of these substances?

a) BaCl2 b) (NH4)2SO4 c) Na2CO3 d) FeCl3

4. Find the number of representative particles in each of these substances.

a) 5.00 mol Fe
b) 0.200 mol NaI
c) 34.0 mol SO3
d) 5.25 x 10-4 mol K2S

5. How many moles is each of the following?

a) 6.02 x 1022 mlcs Br2
b) 4.81 x 1024 atoms Li
c) 1.50 x 1023 mlcs NH3
d) 1 billion (109) mlcs O2

6. What is the mass of 1 mol of each of these monatomic elements?

a) Sodium b) Arsenic c) Uranium

7. Find the molar mass of each compound.

a) CCl4 b) PCl3 c) C8H18 d) N2O5

8. Find the molar mass of each of these compounds:

a) Strontium Chloride c) Aluminum Sulphate
b) Sodium Carbonate d) Calcium Cyanide

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Chemistry 11 The Mole & Molar Mass Practice

9. Find the mass in grams of each quantity:

a) 10.0 mol Cr f) 0.160 mol Hydrogen Peroxide
b) 3.32 mol K g) 5.08 mol Calcium Nitrate
c) 2.20 x 10-3 mol Sn h) 15.0 mol Sulphuric Acid
d) 0.720 mol Be i) 4.52 x 10-3 mol C20H42
e) 2.40 mol Nitrogen Gas j) 0.0112 mol Potassium Carbonate

10. Find the number of moles in each quantity.

a) 72.0 g Ar f) 27.4 g g Titanium (IV) Oxide
b) 3.70 x 10-1 g B g) 5.00 g Hydrogen Molecules
c) 187 g Al h) 0.000 264 g Li2HPO4
d) 333 g Tin (II) Fluoride i) 11.0 g CH4
e) 7.21 x 10-2 g He j) 847 g Ammonium Carbonate

11. Calculate the mass of 1.00 mol of each of these substances.

a) Hydrogen Gas c) Co
b) Iron (III) Hydroxide d) SiO2

12. Calculate the molar mass of each of these substances.

a) Calcium Carbonate c) C3H6O e) Phosphoric Acid
b) Ammonium Sulphate d) Iodine Gas f) Dinitrogen Pentoxide

13. Find the mass of each of these substances.

a) 2.40 mol Sodium Hydroxide c) 0.780 mol Calcium Cyanide
b) 3.21 x 10-3 mol Ni d) 7.00 mol Hydrogen Peroxide

14. How many moles is each of the following?

a) 0.800 g Ca c) 5.96 g KOH
b) 79.3 Chlorine Gas d) 937 g Ca(C2H3O2)2

Page 2
Chemistry 11 The Mole & Molar Mass Practice

Answers:

1. a) 19.9 mol 10. a) 1.80 mol

b) 4.52 x 1023 atoms b) 3.43 x 10-2 mol
c) 2.41 x 1023 mlcs c) 6.93 mol
d) 1.99 mol d) 2.13 mol
e) 6.50 x 1022 ions e) 1.80 x 10-2 mol
f) 4.03 x 1024 atoms f) 0.343 mol
2. a) Molecule g) 2.5 mol
b) Compound h) 2.40 x 10-6 mol
c) Atom i) 0.688 mol
d) Molecule j) 8.82 mol
3. a) 3 b) 3 c) 3 d) 4 11. a) 2.0 g
4. a) 3.01 x 1024 atoms b) 106.8 g
b) 1.20 x 1023 cmps c) 58.9 g
c) 2.05 x 1025 mlcs d) 60.1 g
d) 3.16 x 1020 cmps 12. a) 100.1 g
5. a) 1.0 x 10-1 mol b) 132.1 g
b) 7.99 mol c) 58.0 g
c) 2.49 x 10-1 mol d) 253.8 g
d) 1.66 x 10-15 mol e) 98.0 g
6. a) 23.0 g f) 108.0 g
b) 74.9 g 13. a) 96.0 g
c) 238.0 g b) 0.188 g
7. a) 154.0 g c) 71.8 g
b) 137.5 g d) 238 g
c) 114.0 g 14. a) 2.00 x 10-2 mol
d) 108.0 g b) 1.12 mol
8. a) 158.6 g c) 0.106 mol
b) 106.0 g d) 5.93 mol
c) 342.3 g
d) 92.1 g
9. a) 5.20 x 102 g
b) 1.20 x 102 g
c) 0.261 g
d) 6.49 g
e) 67.2 g
f) 5.44 g
g) 8.34 x 102 g
h) 1.47 x 103 g
i) 1.27 g
j) 1.55 g

Page 3
Chemistry 11 Molar Volume & Other Mole Practice

Molar Volume and Other Mole Problems Worksheet

Name:________________________ Date: ________________________

Instructions: Complete each question on loose-leaf on your own or with ONE partner. Read the instructions carefully.

1. What is the volume at STP for each of these gases?

a) 5.40 mol O2 b) 3.20 x 10-2 mol CO2 c) 0.960 mol CH4

2. Assuming STP, how many moles are in these volumes?

a) 89.6 L SO2 b) 1.00 x 103 L C2H6 c) 5.42 x 10-1 mL Ne

3. Calculate the volume of each of these gases at STP.

a) 9.6 mol He b) 4.8 mol N2 c) 3.2 mol CO2

4. The densities of gases A, B and C are 1.25 g/L, 2.86 g/L and 0.714 g/L respectively. Calculate the molar mass of each
of these substances. Identify each substance as ammonia (NH3), sulphur dioxide, chlorine, nitrogen, or methane
(CH4).

5. What is the density of each of these gases at STP?

a) NO b) Ar c) C2H6

6. What is the mass in grams of an atom of nickel?

7. How many molecules are in a 6.00 L balloon (at STP) filled with carbon dioxide? Would your answer change if the
gas was carbon monoxide?

8. Find each of the following:

a) The number of molecules in 60.0 g of NO2
b) The volume, in litres, of 3.24 x 1022 molecules at STP
c) The mass of 18.0 L of CH4 at STP
d) The volume, in litres, of 835 g of SO3 at STP
e) The mass of a molecule of aspirin, C9H8O4
f) The number of atoms in 5.78 mol of NH4NO3

9. A sample of CO2 has a mass of 22.0 g. What volume will the sample occupy at STP?

10. A sample of nitrogen gas is composed of 3.01 x 1023 molecules. What is the mass of the sample?

11. A sample of gas has a mass of 1.248 g and occupies 300.0 cm3 at STP. What is the molecular mass of this gas?

12. How many grams of carbon dioxide will occupy a volume of 500 cm3 at STP?

13. What is the density of nitrogen dioxide at STP in g/L?

Page 1
Chemistry 11 Molar Volume & Other Mole Practice

14. Calculate the number of moles contained in each of the following gas volumes:
a) 50,000 cm3 H2 c) 6500 cm3 SO2 e) 2500 cm3 O2
b) 1000 cm3 N2 d) 15,000 cm3 NH3 f) 2000 cm3 CO2

15. Calculate the mass of each of the following volumes of gas.

a) 20.0 m3 CH4 c) 70.0 cm3 SO3 e) 3.0 m3 N2
b) 1500.0 cm3 Cl2 d) 0.300 m3 N2O f) 3500.0 cm3 H2S

16. Calculate the volume in litres of each of the following:

a) 4.0 mol Br2 d) 600.0 g Cl2 g) 7.00 mol O2
b) 200.0 g H2S e) 2.50 mol NH3 h) 10.0 g HCl
c) 25.5 g SO2 f) 50.0 g NO2

17. Calculate the density in g/L for each of the following:

a) Hydrogen Sulfide c) Ammonia (NH3)
b) Methane (CH4) d) Chlorine Gas

18. A carbon dioxide sample has a mass of 5.148 g and occupies 2600.0 cm3 at STP. What is the density (in g/L) of the
carbon dioxide?

19. A sample of hydrogen chloride has a mass of 2.459 g and occupies 1500.0 cm3. What is its density?

20. A flask has a volume of 258 cm3. A gas with mass 1.475 grams is introduced into the flask at a temperature of 300 K
and a pressure of 9.86 x 104 Pa. Calculate the molecular mass of the gas.

Page 2
Chemistry 11 Molar Volume & Other Mole Practice

Answers:

1. a) 1.21 x 102 L 14. a) 2.23 mol

b) 0.717 L b) 0.0446 mol
c) 21.5 L c) 0.290 mol
2. a) 4.00 mol d) 0.670 mol
b) 44.6 mol e) 0.112 mol
c) 2.42 x 10-5 mol f) 0.0893 mol
3. a) 2.2 x 102 L 15. a) 14,300 g
b) 1.1 x 102 L b) 4.75 g
c) 72 L c) 0.250 g
4. A: 28.0 g (nitrogen) d) 589 g
B: 64.1 g (sulphur dioxide) e) 3800 g
C: 16.0 g (methane) f) 5.33 g
5. a) 1.34 g/L 16. a) 89.6 L
b) 1.78 g/L b) 131.0 L
c) 1.34 g/L c) 8.91 L
6. 9.75 x 10-23 g d) 189.0 L
7. 1.61 x 1023 mlcs. No, the answer would not change. e) 56.0 L
8. a) 7.85 x 1023 mlcs f) 24.3 L
b) 1.21 L g) 157 L
c) 12.9 g h) 6.14 L
d) 234 L 17. a) 1.52 g/L
e) 2.99 x 10-22 g b) 0.714 g/L
f) 3.13 x 1025 atoms c) 0.759 g/L
9. 11.2 L d) 3.17 g/L
10. 14.0 g 18. 1.980 g/L
11. 93.2 g/mol 19. 1.639 g/L
12. 0.982 g 20. 145 g/mol
13. 2.05 g/L

Page 3
Chemistry 11 Percent Comp/Empirical/Formulas Practice

Percent Composition, Empirical and Molecular/Compound Formulas Worksheet

Name:________________________ Date: ________________________

Instructions: Complete each question on loose-leaf on your own or with ONE partner. Read the instructions carefully.

1. An 8.20 g piece of magnesium combines completely with 5.40 g of oxygen to form a compound. What is the percent
composition of this compound?

2. Calculate the percent composition of the compounds that are formed from these reactions:
a) 29.0 g of Ag combines completely with 4.30 g of S.
b) 9.03 g of Mg combines completely with 3.48 g of N.
c) 222.6 g of Na combines completely with 77.4 g of O.

3. Calculate the percent composition of each of these compounds.

a) Propane, C3H8 c) Calcium Acetate, Ca(C2H3O2)2
b) Sodium Bisulphate, NaHSO4 d) Hydrogen Cyanide, HCN

4. Using the results of #3, calculate the amount of hydrogen in the following amounts of these compounds:
a) 350 g C3H8 c) 124 g Ca(C2H3O2)2
b) 20.2 g NaHSO4 d) 378 g HCN

5. Calculate the mass of carbon in 82 g of ethane, C2H6.

6. Calculate the percent composition of each of these compounds.

a) Na3PO4 c) (NH4)2C2O4
b) H2S d) Mg(OH)2

7. Using your answers from #6, calculate the number of grams of these elements.
a) Phosphorus in 804 g of Na3PO4 c) Nitrogen in 25.0 g of (NH4)C2O4
b) Sulphur in 3.54 g of H2S d) Magnesium in 97.4 g of Mg(OH)2

8. Which of the following compounds has the highest iron content?

a) Fe2O3 c) Fe(C2H3O2)2
b) Fe(OH)3 d) FeO

9. What is the empirical formula of a compound that is 25.9% nitrogen and 74.1% oxygen?

10. Calculate the empirical formula of each compound with the following percent composition.
a) 79.8% C, 20.2% H
b) 67.6% Hg, 10.8% S, 21.6% O
c) 94.1% O, 5.9% H
d) 17.6% Na, 39.7% Cr, 42.7% O
e) 27.59%C, 1.15% H, 16.09% N, 55.17% O

Page 1
Chemistry 11 Percent Comp/Empirical/Formulas Practice

11. Calculate the empirical formula for each of the following compounds.
a) 29.0 g of Ag combines completely with 4.30 g of S.
b) 9.03 g of Mg combines completely with 3.48 g of N.
c) 222.6 g of Na combines completely with 77.4 g of O.

12. Determine the empirical formula of each of these compounds.

a) 42.9% C, 57.1%O
b) 71.72% Cl, 16.16% O, 12.12% C
c) 32.00% C, 42.66% O, 18.67% N, 6.67% H

13. Find the empirical formula for each compound from its percent composition.
a) 72.4% Fe, 27.6% O
b) 65.2% Sc, 34.8% O
c) 52.8% Sn, 12.4% Fe, 16.0% C, 18.8% N

14. Calculate the empirical formula for each of these compounds.

a) The compound consists of 0.25 mol of Fe per 0.50 mol of Cl.
b) The compound has 4 atoms of carbon for each 12 atoms of hydrogen.

15. Calculate the molecular formulas of the following compounds.

a) Gram Formula Mass = 60 g Empirical Formula = CH4N
b) Gram Formula Mass = 78 g Empirical Formula = NaO
c) Gram Formula Mass = 181.5 g Empirical Formula = C2HCl

16. The compound methyl butanoate smells like apples. Its percent composition is 58.8% C, 9.8% H and 31.4% O. If its
molar mass is 102 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?

17. You find that 7.36 g of a compound has decomposed to give 6.93 g of oxygen. The rest of the compound is
hydrogen. If the molar mass of the compound is 34.0 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?

18. Classify each of these formulas as an empirical or a molecular/compound formula.

a) K2SO4 c) C17H19NO3 e) S2Cl2
b) C6H12O6 d) (NH4)2CO3 f) C6H10O4

19. What is the molecular/compound formula for each of these compounds? Each compound’s empirical formula and
molar mass is given.
a) CH2O, 120 g/mol
b) HgCl, 472.2 g/mol
c) C3H5O2, 146 g/mol

20. Determine the molecular formula for each of these compounds.

a) 40.0% C, 53.4% O, 6.6% H; gfm = 120 g
b) 94.1% O, 5.9% H; gfm = 34 g
c) 54.5% C, 13.6% H, 31.8% N; gfm = 88 g

Page 2
Chemistry 11 Percent Comp/Empirical/Formulas Practice

Answers:

1. %Mg = 60.3% %O = 39.7% 8. FeO with 77%

2. a) %Ag = 87.1% %S = 12.9% 9. N2O5
b) %Mg = 72.2% %N = 27.8% 10. a) CH3 b) HgSO4 c) OH d) Na2Cr2O7
c) %Na = 74.2% %O = 25.8% e) C2HNO3
3. a) %C = 81.8 %H = 18.2% 11. a) Ag2S b) Mg3N2 c) Na2O
b) %Na = 19.2% %H = 0.83% 12. a) CO b) Cl2OC c) C2O2NH5
%S = 26.7% %O = 53.3% 13. a) Fe3O4 b) Sc2O3 c) Sn2FeC6N6
c) %Ca = 25.4% %C = 30.4% 14. a) FeCl2 b) CH3
%H = 3.8% %O = 40.5% 15. a) C2H8N2 b) Na2O2 c) C6H3Cl3
d) %H = 3.7% %C = 44.4% %N = 51.9% 16. C5H10O2
4. a) 63.7 g b) 0.17 g c) 4.71 g d) 14 g 17. H2O2
5. 66 g 18. a) Empirical b) Molecular/Compound
6. a) %Na = 42.1% %P = 18.9% %O = 39.0% c) Empirical d) Empirical
b) %H = 5.9% %S = 94.1% e) Molecular/Compound f) Molecular/Compound
c) %N = 22.6% %H = 6.5% 19. a) C4H8O4 b) Hg2Cl2 c) C6H10O4
%C = 19.4% %O = 51.6% 20. a) C4O4H8 b) H2O2 c) C4H12N2
d) %Mg = 41.7% %O = 54.9% %H = 3.4%
7. a) 152 g b) 3.33 g c) 5.65 g d) 40.6 g

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Chemistry 11 Intro Stoichiometry Practice

Intro Stoichiometry Worksheet

Name:________________________ Date: ________________________

Instructions: Complete each question on loose-leaf on your own or with ONE partner. Read the instructions carefully.

1. Interpret this balanced chemical equation in terms of the interaction of relative quantities in the following four
ways:
a) Number of Representative Particles
b) Number of Moles
c) Masses of Reactants and Products
d) Volumes of Gases at STP
2H2 S( g ) + 3O2( g ) ¾¾
®2SO2( g ) + 2H2O( g )

2. After balancing each of these equations, interpret them in terms of relative quantities in the following four ways:
I – Number of Representative Particles
II – Number of Moles
III – Masses of Reactants and Products
IV – Volumes of Gases at STP (where appropriate)

a) ___ CO( g ) + ___ O2( g ) ¾¾

® ___ CO2( g )
b) ___ Na( s ) + ___ H2O( ! ) ¾¾
® ___ NaOH( aq ) + ___ H2( g )
c) ___ C2H2( g ) + ___ O2( g ) ¾¾
® ___ CO2( g ) + ___ H2O( g )

3. The formation of aluminum oxide from its constituent elements is represented by this equation:
4 Al + 3O2 ¾¾
®2 Al2O3
a) Write the six ratios of moles that can be derived from this equation.
b) How many moles of aluminum are needed to form 2.3 mol of Al2O3?
c) How many moles of oxygen are required to react completely with 0.84 mol of Al?
d) Calculate the number of moles of Al2O3 formed when 17.2 mol of O2 reacts with aluminum.

4. Carbon disulphide is an important industrial solvent. It is prepared by the reaction of coke with sulphur dioxide.
5C + 2SO2 ¾¾
®CS2 + 4CO
a) How many moles of CS2 form when 6.30 mol of C reacts?
b) How many moles of carbon are needed to react with 7.24 mol SO2?
c) How many moles of carbon monoxide form at the same time that 0.762 mol of CS2 forms?
d) How many moles of SO2 are required to make 182 mol of CS2?

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Chemistry 11 Intro Stoichiometry Practice

5. The combustion of acetylene gas is represented by this equation:

2C2H2( g ) + 5O2( g ) ¾¾
® 4CO2( g ) + 2H2O( g )
a) How many grams of oxygen are required to “burn” 13.0 g of C2H2?
b) How many grams of CO2 and grams of H2O are produced when 13.0 g of C2H2 reacts with the oxygen gas
required to burn 13.0 g of C2H2?
c) Use the answers from a) and b) to show that this equation obeys the law of conservation of matter.

6. Acetylene gas, C2H2, is produced by adding water to calcium carbide, CaC2.

®C2H2 ­ +Ca ( OH )2( aq )
CaC2( s ) + 2H2O( ! ) ¾¾
a) How many grams of acetylene are produced by adding water to 5.00 g of CaC2?
b) How many moles of CaC2 are needed to react completely with 98.0 g of H2O?
c) How many grams of Ca(OH)2 are produced when 5.34 mol of C2H2 is produced?

7. Methanol, CH3OH, is used in the production of many chemicals. Methanol is made by reacting carbon monoxide and
hydrogen at a high temperature and pressure.
CO( g ) + 2H2( g ) ¾¾
®CH3OH( g )
a) How many moles of each reactant are needed to form 600 g of CH3OH?
b) Calculate the number of grams of each reactant needed to produce 10.0 mol of CH3OH.
c) How many grams of hydrogen gas are necessary to react with 5.74 mol of CO?

8. Oxygen is produced by the reaction of sodium peroxide and water.

2Na2O2( s ) + 2H2O( ! ) ¾¾
®O2( g ) + 4NaOH( aq )
a) Calculate the mass of Na2O2 in grams needed to form 3.20 g of oxygen gas.
b) How many grams of NaOH are produced when 3.20 g of O2 is formed?
c) When 0.48 g of Na2O2 is dropped in water, how many grams of O2 are formed?

9. Tin (II) fluoride, formerly found in many toothpastes, is formed in this reaction:
Sn( s ) + 2HF( g ) ¾¾
® SnF2( s ) + H2( aq )
a) How many grams of SnF2 can be made by reacting 7.42 x 1024 molecules of HF with tin?
b) How many litres of hydrogen gas (at STP) are produced by reacting 23.4 g of Sn with HF?
c) How many litres of HF are needed to produce 14.2 L of H2 at STP?
d) How many molecules of H2 are produced by the reaction of tin with 80.0 L of HF at STP?

10. Lithium nitride reacts with water to form ammonia and aqueous lithium hydroxide.
Li3N( s ) + 3H2O( ! ) ¾¾
® NH3( g ) + 3LiOH( aq )
a) What mass of water is needed to react with 98.7 g of Li3N?
b) When the above reaction takes place, how many molecules of NH3 are produced?
c) Calculate the number of grams of Li3N that must be added to an excess of water to produce 45.0 L of NH3 at STP.

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Chemistry 11 Intro Stoichiometry Practice

11. Solve the following problems. Assume that all volumes are at STP unless otherwise stated. Note that the equations
given are not balanced.
a) How many cm3 of hydrogen gas are produced if 4.00 g of zinc metal react with excess hydrochloric acid?
___ Zn( s ) + ___ HCl( aq ) ¾¾
® ___ ZnCl2( aq ) + ___ H2( g )
b) How many cm3 of carbon dioxide will react with sodium hydroxide solution that has a mass of 60.0 g and
contains 20.0% NaOH?
___ NaOH( aq ) + ___ CO2( g ) ¾¾
® ___ Na2CO3( aq ) + ___ H2O( ! )
c) If excess chlorine gas reacts with a solution containing 20.0 g of potassium bromide, how many cubic
centimetres of bromine gas can be produced?
___ KBr( aq ) + ___ Cl2( g ) ¾¾
® ___ KCl( aq ) + ___ Br2( g )
d) How many grams of copper(II) oxide can be reduced to copper metal with 10.0 L of H2?
___ CuO( s ) + ___ H2( g ) ¾¾
® ___ Cu( s ) + ___ H2O( g )
e) Calculate the cm3 of oxygen gas that can be produced by the electrolysis of 5.00 g of water.
___ H2O( ! ) ¾¾
® ___ H2( g ) + ___ O2( g )
f) In the reaction between aluminum and oxygen gas, how many grams of aluminum are required to react with
5.00 L of oxygen gas?
___ Al( s ) + ___ O2( g ) ¾¾
® ___ Al2O3( s )

12. Solve the following problems. Assume that all volumes are at STP unless otherwise stated. Note that the equations
given are not balanced.
a) In the electrolysis of water, 75.0 cm3 of oxygen gas are produced. How many cm3 of hydrogen gas is produced?
___ H2O( ! ) ¾¾
® ___ H2( g ) + ___ O2( g )
b) If an electric discharge produces 20.0 cm3 of ozone, O3, how many cubic centimetres of oxygen gas is required?
___ O2( g ) ¾¾
® ___ O3( g )
c) Ammonia can be produced by the Haber process. If 60.0 L of NH3 are produced, how many litres of hydrogen
gas and nitrogen gas are necessary?
___ H2( g ) + ___ N2( g ) ¾¾
® ___ NH3( g )
d) How many cm3 of chlorine gas is required to produce 50.0 cm3 of hydrogen chloride gas?
___ H2( g ) + ___ Cl2( g ) ¾¾
® ___ HCl( g )
e) Calculate the cubic centimetres of air required to convert 50.0 cm3 of nitric oxide, NO, to nitrogen dioxide, NO2.
Assume that air contains 21% oxygen gas by volume.
___ NO( g ) + ___ O2( g ) ¾¾
® ___ NO2( g )
f) If 20.0 L of air burn completely a sample of carbon disulphide, how many litres of carbon dioxide are produced?
How many litres of sulphur dioxide? Assume that air contains 21% oxygen gas by volume.
___ CS2( ! ) + ___ O2( g ) ¾¾
® ___ CO2( g ) + ___ SO2( g )
Page 3
Chemistry 11 Intro Stoichiometry Practice

Answers:

1. ------------ 6. a) 2.03 g
2. a) 2CO( g ) + O2( g ) ¾¾
® 2CO2( g ) b) 2.72 mol
c) 396 g
b) 2Na( s ) + 2H2O( ! ) ¾¾
® 2NaOH( aq ) + H2( g )
7. a) 18.8 mol CO, 37.5 mol H2 b) 280 g CO, 40 g H2
c) 2C2H2( g ) + 5O2( g ) ¾¾
® 4CO2( g ) + 2H2O( g ) c) 23 g H2
4mol Al 3mol O2 4mol Al 8. a) 15.6 g b) 16.0 g c) 0.098 g
3. a) 9. a) 966 g b) 4.42 L c) 28.4 L 1.08 x 1024 mlcs
3mol O2 4mol Al 2mol Al2O3
10. a) 154 g b) 1.71 x 1024 mlcs c) 69.7 g
2mol Al2O3 3mol O2 2mol Al2O3
11. a) 1370 cm3 b) 3360 cm3 c) 1880 cm3
4mol Al 2mol Al2O3 3mol O2
d) 35.5 g e) 3110 cm3 f) 8.04 g
b) 4.6 mol c) 0.63 mol d) 11.5 mol 12. a) 150 cm3 b) 30.0 cm3 c) 90.0 L H2, 30.0 L N2
4. a) 1.26 mol b) 18.1 mol c) 3.05 mol d) 364 mol d) 25.0 cm3 e) 119 cm3 f) 1.40 L CO2, 2.80 L SO2
5. a) 40.0 g b) 44.0 g CO2, 9.0 g H2O
c) 53.0 g = 53.0 g

Page 4
Chemistry 11 Limiting Reactants & Yields Practice

Limiting Reactants and Yields Worksheet

Name:________________________ Date: ________________________

Instructions: Complete each question on loose-leaf on your own or with ONE partner. Read the instructions carefully.

1. Two equations for the combustion of ethene, C2H4 are possible.

I– C2H4( g ) + 3O2( g ) ¾¾
®2CO2( g ) + 2H2O( g ) (Complete Combustion)

and
II – C2H4( g ) + 2O2( g ) ¾¾
®2CO( g ) + 2H2O( g ) (Incomplete Combustion)

What will occur for each reaction if 2.70 mol of C2H4 is reacted with 6.30 mol of O2?
a) Identify the limiting reactant.
b) Calculate the moles of water produced.
c) Calculate the moles of excess reactant remaining.

2. Hydrogen gas can be produced in the laboratory by the reaction of magnesium metal with hydrochloric acid.
Mg( s ) + 2HCl( aq ) ¾¾
® MgCl2( aq ) + H2( g )
a) How many grams of hydrogen can be produced when 4.00 g of HCl is added to 3.00 g of Mg?
b) Assuming STP, what is the volume of this hydrogen?

3. How would you identify a limiting reactant in a chemical reaction?

4. For each of these balanced equations, solve for the following:

a) Identify the limiting reactant.
b) Calculate the number of moles of product formed.
c) Calculate the number of moles of excess reactant remaining after the reaction.
2H2 + O2 ¾¾
® 2H2O
I–
5.0mol 2.3mol
4P + 5O2 ¾¾
® 2P2O5
II –
7.0mol 8.0mol
2 Al + 3Cl2 ¾¾
® 2 AlCl3
III –
5.4mol 8.0mol
2P2O5 + 6H2O ¾¾
® 4H3PO4
IV –
0.37mol 2.50mol

Page 1
Chemistry 11 Limiting Reactants & Yields Practice

5. Acetylene, C2H5, will burn in the presence of oxygen.

2C2H2( g ) + 5O2( g ) ¾¾
® 4CO2( g ) + 2H2O( g )
How many grams of water can be produced by the reaction of 4.80 mol of C2H2 with 14.8 mol of O2?

6. What is a percent yield of a chemical reaction a measure of?

7. What is the percent yield if 3.74 g of copper is produced when 1.87 g of aluminum is reacted with an excess of
copper(II) sulphate?
® Al2 ( SO4 )3( aq ) + 3Cu( s )
2 Al( s ) + 3CuSO4( aq ) ¾¾

8. When 84.8 g of iron(III) oxide reacts with an excess of carbon monoxide, 57.8 g of iron is produced. What is the
percent yield of this reaction?
Fe2O3( s ) + 3CO( g ) ¾¾
®2Fe( s ) + 3CO2( g )

9. When 50.0 g of silicon dioxide is heated with an excess of carbon, 32.2 g of silicon carbide is produced. What is the
percent yield of this reaction?
SiO2( s ) + 3C ( s ) ¾¾
® SiC ( s ) + 2CO( g )

10. Hydrazine, N2H4, is used as a rocket fuel. It reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen and water.
N2H4( ! ) + O2( g ) ¾¾
® N2( g ) + 2H2O( g )
a) How many litres of N2 (at STP) form when 1.0 kg of N2H4 reacts with 1.0 kg O2?
b) How many grams of the excess reactant remain after the reaction?

11. The pollutant sulphur dioxide can be removed from the emissions of an industrial plant by the reaction with calcium
carbonate and oxygen gas. If this reaction proceeds with a 96.8% yield, how many kilograms of CaSO4 are formed
when 5.24 kg of SO2 reacts with an excess of CaCO3 and O2?
2CaCO3( s ) + 2SO2( g ) + O2( g ) ¾¾
®2CaSO4( s ) + 2CO2( g )

12. When 50.0 g of silicon dioxide is heated with an excess of carbon, 32.2 g of silicon carbide is produced.
SiO2( s ) + 3C ( s ) ¾¾
® SiC ( s ) + 2CO( g )
a) What is the percent yield of this reaction?
b) How many grams of CO gas are made?

13. The reaction between solid sodium and iron(III) oxide is one in a series of reactions that inflates an automobile
airbag. If 100.0 g of Na and 100.0 g of Fe2O3 are used in this reaction, determine the following.
a) The balanced chemical equation.
b) Mass of solid iron produced.
c) Mass of excess reactant that remains after the reaction is complete.

Page 2
Chemistry 11 Limiting Reactants & Yields Practice

14. Photosynthesis reactions in green plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas.
A plant has 88.0 g of carbon dioxide and 64.0 g of water available for photosynthesis.
a) Write the balanced equation for this reaction.
b) Determine the mass in excess.
c) Determine the mass of glucose produced.

15. Aluminum hydroxide is often present in antacids to neutralize stomach acid (HCl). If 14.0 g of aluminum hydroxide is
present in an antacid tablet, determine the theoretical yield of aluminum chloride produced when the tablet reacts
with HCl. Hint: Write the balanced equation first.

16. Zinc reacts with iodine in a synthesis reaction.

a) Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
b) Determine the theoretical yield if 1.912 mol of zinc is used.
c) Determine the percent yield if 515.6 g of product is recovered.

17. When copper wire is placed into a silver nitrate solution, silver crystals and copper(II) nitrate solution form.
a) Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
b) If a 20.0 g sample of copper is used, determine the theoretical yield of silver.
c) If 60.0 g of silver is recovered from the reaction, determine the percent yield of the reaction.

18. A 435.0 g sample of CaCO3 that is 95.0% pure gives 225 L of carbon dioxide when reacted with an excess of
hydrochloric acid. What is the balanced chemical equation for this reaction and the density in g/L of the carbon
dioxide? Hint: There are 3 products, one being water.

19. Aspirin, C9H8O4, is made by the reaction of salicylic acid, C7H6O3 and acetic anhydride, C4H6O3. How many grams of
each reactant should be used to produce 75.0 g of aspirin?
C 7H6O3 + C 4 H6O3 ¾¾
®C 9H8O4 + HC2H3O2

20. SO3 can be produced in this two-step process.

___ FeS2 + ___ O2 ¾¾
® ___ Fe2O3 + ___ SO2
___ SO2 + ___ O2 ¾¾
® ___ SO3
Assuming that all the FeS2 reacts, how many grams of SO3 are produced when 20.0 g of FeS2 reacts with 16.0 g of O2?
Hint: Begin by balancing the equations.

21. The white limestone cliffs of Dover, England, contain a large percentage of calcium carbonate. A sample of
limestone weighing 84.4 g reacts with an excess of hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride. The mass of calcium
chloride formed is 81.8 g. What is the percent of calcium carbonate in the limestone? Hint: There are three
products to this reaction.

Page 3
Chemistry 11 Limiting Reactants & Yields Practice

Answers:

1. I: Complete Combustion 10. a) 701 L b) No reactant in excess

a) 8.10 mol O2, O2 is limiting 11. 10.7 kg
b) 4.20 mol 12. a) 96.4% b) 44.8 g
c) 0.60 mol 13. a) 6Na( s ) + Fe2O3( s ) ® 3Na2O( s ) + 2Fe( s )
II: Incomplete Combustion
b) 69.92 g
a) 5.40 mol O2, C2H4 is limiting
c) 13.6 g
b) 5.40 mol
14. a) 6CO2( g ) + 6H2O( ! ) ® C 6H12O6( aq ) + 6O2( g )
c) 0.90 mol
2. a) 0.110 g b) 1.23 L b) 28.0 g
3. It determines the amount of product that can be c) 60.0 g
formed; it is used up in the reaction. 15. Al ( OH )3( s ) + 3HCl( aq ) ® AlCl3( aq ) + 3H2O( s ) , 23.9 g
4. I: a) O2 b) 4.6 mol c) 0.4 mol 16. a) Zn( s ) + I2( s ) ® ZnI2( s ) b) 610.3 g c) 84.48%
II: a) O2 b) 3.2 mol c) 0.6 mol
III: a) Cl2 b) 5.3 mol c) 0.1 mol 17. a) Cu( s ) + 2 AgNO3( aq ) ® 2 Ag( s ) + Cu ( NO3 )2( aq )
IV: a) P2O5 b) 0.74 mol c) 1.4 mol b) 68.0 g c) 88.2%
5. 86.4 g 18. CaCO3( s ) + HCl( aq ) ® CaCl2( aq ) + CO2( g ) + H2O( ! )
6. The “efficiency” of a reaction:
0.809 g/L
actual yield
× 100% 19. 57.5 g C 7H6O3 , 42.5 g C 4 H6O3
theoretical yield
20. 6.51 g
7. 56.7%
21. 87.3%
8. 97.5%
9. 96.4%

Page 4