LISTENING

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 UNIT 1: FILL IN THE BLANK
Sample 1: NO MORE THAN ONE WORD OR A NUMBER
VIDEO LIBRARY APPLICATION FORM
Address Apartment 1, 72 (1) Street Highbridge
Postcode (2)
Tel no: 9835 6712 (Home)
(3) (Work)
Driver license number (4)
Date of birth 25th Month (5) 1977

Sample 2: NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

NEXT TWO WORKSHOPS
Date Workshop title Children advised to Please bring (if
wear possible)
16/11 Building (6) (7) (8)
23/11 (9) Nothing special (10)

File 1: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

MOTOR REGISTRY – TEL MESSAGE
Caller’s name (1)
Date of birth (2)
Tel (3) 0412
Type of car (4)

File 2: NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

Name (1) Mary (1)
Address Flat 2
(2) ……/ ……Fountain road Canterbury
Tel (3)
Estimated value of lost $ (4)
item

2
File 3: NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
INSURANCE APPLICATION FORM
Name Mr. Gavin (1)
Address (2) Biggins Street
(3)
Date of birth 12th Nov 1980
Tel Home: (4)
Nationality English

File 4: NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER

PROGRAMME OF ACTIVITIES FOR 1ST DAY
Time Place Event
10:00 (1) Meet the principal and staff
10:15 Talk by (2)
10:45 Talk by (3)
(4) Classroom 5 (5) ….test

File 5: ONLY TWO WORDS

1. First look up the title in the (1)
2. The class mark is one or two letters and (2)
3. The (3) shows you where to look for the books
File 6: NUMBERS OR NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS
HELPLINE DETAILS
Officer Jackie (1)
Address Student Welfare Office; 13 Marshall Road
Tel no (2)
Opening hours 9.30am – 6pm (weekdays)
(3) ……………(Saturdays)
Ring or visit office for (4)
At peak times, there may be (5)

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File 7: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
NOTES – CHRISTMAS DINNER
Example Answer
Number to book for 45
Date of dinner 21 Dec
Choices for venue
First choice (1) Tel no: Not known
Second choice (2) Tel no: 777192
Third choice (3) Tel no: (4)
Price per person 12$
Restaurant must have vegetarian food and a (5)

File 8: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

Gift for Susan Gift for baby
What will they buy? (1) (2)
Where will they buy (3) (4)
gifts?
Approximate prices? 15$ (5)

File 9: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS

Name (1)
Address (2) Flat 5/…….
Town Brisbane
Tel No phone
Course (3)

File 10: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. The Bell Rock lighthouse was built almost …..ago
2. The tower is made of …..
3. The reef is dangerous to ships because it is….
4. Initial construction took place during the ….
File 11: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
Cinema Film Times Type of film
1 Shrek II (1) animation
2 (2) 6.15pm Documentary
3 Armor of God 5.30/9.15pm (3)

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File 12: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
Name John (1)
Mobile no 07987 (2)
No of people Two adults
Holiday Length (3)
Hotel Scotland (4)….star

File 13: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. The departure date is (1)
2. The holiday excluding insurance costs (2)
3. The discount is (3) per cent if booked before 17th February
4. The booking reference is (4)
File 14: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
Competition Number of team Games begin Training Session
(in King’s park)
Junior (1) 8.30am (2)
Senior (3) 2.00pm (4)

5
 UNIT 2: FLOW CHART/SUMMARY COMPLETION
Sample 1: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS
New laws can start in either the House of Lords or the House of Commons, they are usually
proposed by (1). A law which is being proposed is called (2) until it is passed. Then, it becomes
(3) of Parliament.
Sample 2: NO MORE THAN 2 WORDS
Fumiko’s plan
Define (6) using a diagram
 Background: relationships in the (7), eg apes
 Present an overview of the (8) for human relationships, eg work, home
 Look at 6 (9) involved in a friendship (plus survey)
 Predict the future (10) on friendship
File 1: NO MORE THAN 1 WORD
If you find nuts opened by dormice (1) where you found them. Put them into some kind of (2)
and (3) them (name and address). Post them to Action for Wildlife.

File 2: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

Modular courses
Students study (1) during each module. A module takes (2) and the work is very (3). To get a
Diploma, each student has to study (4) and then work on (5) in depth.
File 5: NO MORE THAN 2 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
The Dinosaur Museum
1. The museum closes at (1)pm on Mondays
2. The museum is not open on (2)
3. School groups are met by tour guide in the (3)
4. The whole visit takes 90 minutes, including (4) minutes for the guided tour
5. There are (5) behind the museum where students can have lunch
File 6: Now you will hear someone describing how to cook a traditional dessert. NO MORE
THAN 4 WORDS

6
Peel and (1)
 Cook (2)
 Mix (3)
 Put in bottom of (4)
 Rub (5)
 Add (6)
 Put mixture (7)
 Bake for (8)
File 7: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS
Make sure you have the (1)
 Write (2)
 Read (3)
 Check that you know (4) the exam is
File 8: NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
How to buy a ticket for an exhibition
Choose the event button on the museum homepage
 Click on the (1)
 Choose the date on the (2)
 Choose the time and the (3)
 Select payment method
File 10: NO MORE THAN 2 WORDS
Business Center
The Business Resource Centre contains materials such as books and manuals to be used for
training. It is possible to hire (1)……….. and (2)……………. There are materials for working on
study skills (eg (3)………………….) and other subjects include finance and (4)…………….
(5)…………. membership costs 50$ per year.

7
 UNIT 3: MAP
File 3: Listen to 2 students talking about the different food outlets on a university campus
and label the plan below.
a) Fast food hall d) College dining room
b) Snack bar e) Italian restaurant
c) Mexican restaurant

File 5: Choose the answer from the list:

a) Computer Laboratory e) Storeroom

b) Director’s office f) Self-Access Room
c) Library g) Student Common Room
d) Main Hall h) Staff Room

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File 6: Label the map below
1) The language school is at ……………..
2) The hotel is at …………………………
3) The bookshop is at……………………..

File 10: You will hear Lily explaining to Chen how to use the library. Label the plan of the
library.
a) PC Zone d) Travel
b) Library Café e) Silent Zone
c) Cookbooks

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File 11: Listen and write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS OR A NUMBER

File 13: NO MORE THAN 2 WORDS

10
File 14: Label the plan of the library.

File 15:

a) Central Bank b) Restaurant c) Chemist

11
 d) Public library e) Service station f) Town Hall

UNIT 4: MATCHING INFORMATION

Sample: Which company website has the following features?
A. Hills cycles website 24. Company history
B. Wheels Unlimited website 25. Online ordering
C. both websites 26. Moving graphics
File 1: What does Khalidah say about each group of people?
A. discover what is wrong with the patients
B. look after patients who are out of danger 1. Patients
C. arrange for patients to go home in an 2. Doctors
ambulance
3. Nurses
D. have had accidents in cars or at home
File 2: Listen to a conversation about studying and match the name of each person to the
study technique they prefer
1. Martha 2. Carl 3. Enrique 4. Jenny
A. Highlighting important details in photocopies of articles and textbooks
B. Making notes in the margin of articles and textbooks; writing notes in an exercise book
C. Making notes in files on their PC
D. Using free software to make notes on articles and electronic books
File 4: Match the sections of the museum with the age group they are recommended for.
A. young people B. adults C. children
1. Shapes and patterns
2. The history of flight
3. Energy
4. Exploring physics
File 5: According to the speaker, which method works best for mastering those skills?
A. language laboratory 1. Speaking
2. Listening
B. self-study
3. Pronunciation
C. small group work 4. Grammar
5. Reading

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File 6: According to the speakers, in which situation are the following media most useful?
A. individual children B. five or six children C. whole class
1. Tapes
2. Computers
3. Videos
4. Books
5. Wall maps
File 7: Which floor contains which amenities?
A. storerooms
B. therapy rooms 1. Ground floor
2. First floor
C. offices
3. Second floor
D. cafeteria
File 8: What is the responsibility of each person?
A. to supervise the teams
B. to manage meetings 1. Robert Young: President
2. Gina Costello: Treasurer
C. to buy new equipment
3. David West: Secretary
D. to collect fees 4. Jason Dokic: Head Coach

E. to send out newsletters

File 9: Which advantage is mentioned for each of the following restaurants?
Advantages
a) The decoration 1. Merrivales
b) Easy parking 2. The Lobster Pot
c) Entertainment 3. Elliots
d) Excellent service 4. The Cabin
e) Good value 5. The Olive Tree
f) Good views 6. The Old School Restaurant
g) Quiet location
h) Wide menu

File 10: What are the locations of the following places in Radford?

13
A. part of Metro Tower building
B. in the Main Square in the centre of the town
C. some distance from the centre of the town
1. the hi-tech fitness center 3. the new cinema
2. the ice rink 4. the Theatre Royal

14
 UNIT 5: MULTIPLE CHOICES
Sample 1: Choose the best answer
17. A champion athlete will be in the shop
A. on Saturday morning only
B. all day Saturday
C. for the whole weekend
18. The first person to answer 20 quiz questions correctly will win
A. gym membership
B. a video
C. a calendar
Sample 2: Choose TWO letter
Which TWO pieces of information does the speaker give about the fitness test?
a) You need to reserve a place
b) It is free to account holder
c) You get advice on how to improve your health
d) It takes place in a special clinic
e) It is cheaper this month
File 3: Choose the correct answer
1. Italian painting is (the subject/the topic/the course)
2. Who originally wants to discuss one painter? (Edward/Farouk/Mandy)
3. Mandy suggests (Michelangelo and Botticelli/Michelangelo/Michelangelo and Leornardo
da Vinci)
4. Beth suggests Botticelli because
A. Everyone else will choose him
B. His style of painting is different
C. He is a great artist

File 4: Listen to the recording of 3 students talking to their tutor about the presentation
they are planning.
1. The topic of the presentation is:
A. How mobile phones are designed
B. The risk caused by mobile phone
C. How mobile phones are used

15
 2. The introduction explains the:
A. dangers of mobile phone
B. importance of mobile phone
C. importance of understanding the danger of mobile phone
3. On the second slide, the students are planning to
A. explain why mobile phones are dangerous
B. point out some different kinds of risk
C. mention way to avoid the risk
4. The tutor suggests:
A. not discussing the danger of mobile phone
B. discussing the benefit of mobile phone
C. having an argument

File 5: Circle THREE letters: What types of film does Louise like?
A. Action D. Romance
B. Comedy E. Westerns
C. Musical F. Wildlife

File 6: Circle TWO letters: Which TWO of the following can you get advice about from
Union?
A. immigration D. personal problems
B. grant E. legal matters
C. medical problems

File 7: Circle TWO letters

A. people over 17 years old D. people over 60 years old
B. unemployed people E. pregnant women
C. non-UK residents

File 8: Circle TWO letters. Which TWO things are included in the price of the tour?
A. fishing trip D. table tennis
B. guided bushwalk E. tennis
C. reptile park entry

File 9: Choose the correct letters

1. Anima’s project is about a local (school/hospital/factory)
2. Dr. Bryson particularly liked (the introduction/the first chapter/the middle section)
3. Anima was surprised because she (thought it was bad/wrote it quickly/found it difficult to
do)
File 10: Choose the correct letters

16
 1. The caller has paid (less than the computer shows/more than the computer shows/$500
twice)
2. The caller is also worried about (a bill that is too high/an overpayment to a restaurant/a
payment that he does not recognize)
3. The interest (went up in April/has not changed/has gone down)
4. The call’s number is (020 7997 9909/ 020 07989 7182/ 020 8979 7182)
5. The operator will ring the caller (tomorrow/in 2 hours/very soon)
File 11: Choose the correct letters
1. How long did Hannah think it would take her to find a place to live? (3 weeks/less than 3
weeks/more than 3 weeks/more than 4 weeks)
2. There is not enough accommodation to rent because( it is the end of the academic
year/Hannah is a new student/the area has lots of new technology companies/the town is
small)
3. 400$ a month for rent is (higher than Hannah has paid before/lower than Hannah has paid
before/not cheap for the area/cheap for the area)
4. At the moment, Hannah is living (in a hostel/in a suitcase/in a hotel/in a flat)
5. Hannah’s new flat (is a bit noisy/is on the 2nd floor/has 2 bedrooms/has a large roof
terrace)
File 12: Choose FOUR letters: Which FOUR other activities does the customer want to do?
A. visit family E. do some winter sports
B. save money F. go sailing
C. study geography G. join a walking tour
D. study English H. meet young people
File 13: Choose THREE letters: Which THREE attractions can you visit at present by train
from Trebirch?
A. a science museum E. an aquarium
B. a theme park F. a castle
C. a climbing wall G. a zoo
D. a mining museum

File 14: Choose TWO letters. Which TWO types of coursework are required each month
on the part-time course?
A. a case study
B. an essay
C. a survey
D. a short report
E. a study diary

17
 UNIT 6: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
File 1: Answer the question by writing up to THREE words or a number
1. Which session of the conference is it?
2. Which room will the grammar session be held in?
3. Where should people return their keys?
File 2: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
1. Where does the student come from?
2. How long has the student been in this country?
3. What is the student studying at the moment?
File 3: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
1. Where are all student services to be found at the college?
2. Are all students automatically members of the student union?
3. What document do the students need to get their student cards?
4. Where do students go to get their student cards?
File 4: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
1. What are tourists advised not to wear in the street?
2. Where should tourists not go after getting dark?
3. In some parts of Latin America, where do thieves often take money from tourists?
File 5: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or a number
1. What should you write if you do not have time to give a complete answer to a question?
2. What did Barbara get in her last exam?
File 6: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER
1. What do men spend twice as much as women on?
2. What do women spend most on?
3. Which group spends most on eating restaurants?
File 7: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER
1. What else are the students going to research?
2. How many countries do they know of where festivals involve water?
3. What three meanings can water have?
4. What do water festivals celebrate?
5. How are the carnival and the seasons linked?
File 8: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

18
What THREE items of clothing does the speaker recommend for the rainforest?

Which TWO things in the rainforest does the speaker give a warning about?

File 9: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

1. What is the most common crime in the UK?
2. What TWO forms of theft does the policewoman mention?
3. Why are people in more danger when they are abroad?
4. What should people leave in the hotel?
5. What kinds of mobile is popular with thieves?
File 10+11: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
1. How much does it cost to join the library?
2. When will Louise’s card be ready?
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
1. On which level is the new section located?
2. What does the Gallery exhibit besides paintings?
File 12: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
1. What is Jane’s study strategy in lectures?
2. What is Tim’s study strategy for reading?
3. What is the subject of Tim’s first essay?
4. What is the title of Tim’s first essay?
5. What is the subject of Jane’s first essay?
File 13: Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS or A NUMBER
1. How many essays do the students have to write?
2. What percentage does the written exam account for?
3. How many marks did Carl get for his latest essay?
4. How many marks did Pamela get for her latest essay?
5. When was the marking system explained before?
File 14+15: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and/or A NUMBER
1. How long is the tunnel?
2. Name ONE thing the tunnel can withstand
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and/or A NUMBER
3. Which exhibition does the tour guide recommend?
19
 4. How long do the guided tour last?
5. On which floor do the tours last?
File 16: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and/or A NUMBER
What TWO factors can make social contact in a foreign country difficult?
(1)
(2)
Which types of community group does the speaker give examples of?
- Theatre
- (3)
- (4)
In which TWO places information about community activities be found?
(5)
(6)

20
READING

21
 UNIT 1: NOTE/SENTENCE/TABLE COMPLETION
SAMPLE: Choose no more than ONE WORD and/or A NUMBER for each answer
1. Specialist knowledge and equipment are needed to dig……
2. Water Aid uses a dam made of ……..to capture rainwater
Passage:
Locating waster underground and then reaching deep wells by digging requires geological
knowledge and expensive, heavy machine. In small villages around the developing world, the
biggest problem with water schemes is that about half of them break down soon after the groups
that built them move on. Sometimes, technology that is used can’t be repaired locally, or spare
parts are available only in the capital.
Today, a UK-based international non-profit organization called Water Aid is working to bring
water to the most remote villages of Konso. Their approach combines technologies proven to last
such as building a sand dam to capture and filter rainwater.
EXERCISE 1:
THE WORLD’S FRIENDLIEST CITY
A team of social psychologists from California has spent six years studying the reactions of
people in cites around the world to different situations. The results show that cities where people
have less money generally have friendlier populations. Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, which is often
known for its crime, comes out top, and the capital of Malawi, Lilongwe, comes third.
But what makes one city friendlier than another? The psychologists from California State
University say it has got more to do with environment than culture or nationality.
They carried out a study into the way locals treated strangers in 23 cities around the world. The
team conducted their research through a series of tests, where they dropped pens or pretended
they were blind and needed help crossing the street.
The study concludes that people are more helpful in cities with a more relaxed way of life such
as Rio. While they were there, researchers received help in 93% of cases, and the percentage in
Lilongwe was only a little lower. However, richer cities such as Amsterdam and New York are
considered the least friendly. Inhabitants of Amsterdam helped the researchers in 53% of cases
22
and in New York just 44%. The psychologists found that, in these cities, people tend to be short
of time, so they hurry and often ignore strangers.

Choose ONE WORD or A NUMBER:

City Negative aspects Positive aspects % of help received
Rio de - People don’t have so much - Friendly inhabitants (3)……….%
Janeiro money - more (2)……
- Has reputation for (1)…… lifestyle
Amsterdam People: - richer Amsterdam: (4)…%
and New - Have little time New York: 44%
York - Don’t pay attention to (5)….

EXERCISE 2: NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

A skilled reader will read a lot of words in each block. He or she will only look at each block for
an instant and then will move on. Only rarely will the reader’s eyes skip back to a previous block
of words. This reduces the amount of work that the reader’s eyes have to do. It also increases the
volume of information that can be processed over a given period of time. On the other hand, a
slow reader will spend a lot of time reading small blocks of words. He or she will often go back,
losing the flow and structure of the text, and muddling overall understanding of the subjects.
This irregular eye movement quickly makes the reader tired. Poor readers tend to dislike reading
because they feel it is difficult to concentrate and comprehend written information.
CHUNKING
Type of reader Reading method Effect of method on reader
Skilled reader
- Many (1)……… in a block - Reader’s (2)……. do less work
- Reader hardly ever goes back - More (3)……….. is processed
(4)…………… - Small blocks - Reader easily gets (6)………….
- Reader (5)…………… goes back - Finds it hard to (7)…….. on passage

EXERCISE 3: ONE WORD or A NUMBER

Created in 2008, the Happy Planet Index examines happiness on a national level and ranks 143
countries according to 3 measurements: their citizen’s happiness, how long they live (which
reflects their health), and their impacts on the environment (For example: How much planet’s
resources each country consumes). According to researcher Saamah, the index also measures the
outcomes that are most important, and those are happy, healthy lives for everyone.
THE HAPPY PLANET INDEX

23
 1. Year started (1): ………………
2. Number of countries listed (2): ………………
3. Measure each country’s happiness according to:
How happy its (3)……………………… are
The (4)……………………. of the population (i.e how long the people live)
Its effect on the (5)……………………. (i.e the quantity of the Earth’s that it uses)
EXERCISE 4: NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
SILENCE IS NOT ALWAYS GOLDEN
A global survey has found that city dwellers have better hearing than people living in quiet
villages, and scientists now believe that the ear needs exercise to keep in shape. A team of
scientists at the University of Giessen, Germany, has spent over a decade testing the hearing of
more than 10,000 people around the world. As expected, people exposed to extremely loud
noises at work, such as construction workers, had poor hearing. But the hearing of those living in
quiet, rural areas, such as farmers, was just as bad. Orchestral musicians and airline pilots by
contrast, can usually hear well despite exposure to noise at work. And there is little difference
between people who go to noisy concerts and those who don’t. Hearing specialists have long
believed that prolonged exposure to excessively loud noise degrades hearing and therefore,
industrial standards are based on people’s average exposure to sound energy. However, it is the
very strong impulses, such as loud bangs, that do the most damage, whereas exposure to
continual noise “trains” the ear to tolerate it.
- Example of people with poor hearing:
(1) (2)
- Example of people with good hearing:
(3) (4)
- Most dangerous type of noise:
(5)
EXERCISE 5: NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
Annual figures for the Artic, where tourism has existed since the 19th century, have increased
from about a million in the early 1990s to more than 1.5 million today. This is partly because of
the lengthening summer season brought about by climatic change. Most visitors arrive by ship.
In 2007, 370,000 cruise passenger visited Norway, twice the number that arrived in 2000.
Iceland, a country where tourism is the sconed-largest industry, has enjoyed an annual growth
rate of 9% since 1990. Meanwhile, Alaska received some 1,029,800 passengers, a rise of 7.3%
from 2006. Greenland has seen the most rapid growth in marine tourism, with a sharp increase in
cruise ship arrivals of 250% since 2004. The global economic downturn may have affected the

24
annual 20.6% rate of increase in visitors to the Antarctica. Last season saw a drop of 17% to
38,200.
1. Tourism in the Artic began in the (1)………………..
2. These days, over (2)………………… people travel there, mostly by ship
3. The country with the greatest increase in visitors is (3)…………………………..
4. Travel to the Antartic has fallen to (4)………………… over the past year.
EXERCISE 6: NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
POWER-PACKED FLIERS
For their size, birds are tremendously powerful creatures. We know this thanks to an ingenious
series of tests performed by researchers at Duke University in North Carol. The researchers
placed a specially-trained and small bird called Budgerigar in a wind tunnel and measured how
much muscle power it needed to maintain flight at various airspeeds up to 50km/hour. The small
bird had to be trained, not only because it had to fly in the artificial environment of the wind
tunnel, but also because it had to do so while wearing a tiny oxygen mask. The mask allowed
zoologist Vance Tucker and his colleagues to monitor the bird’s oxygen demand, and thus the
amount of mechanical energy it was producing.
1. Scientists have done experiments on birds in a (1)……….
2. The birds reached a maximum hourly flight distance of (2)…………..
3. The aim of scientists was to calculate the amount of (3)………………. they needed to fly
******************************************************************************
HOMEWORK 1: NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
PREPARING AND SUBMITTING YOUR APPLICATION
We have tried to make the application process as easy as possible for you, but there are a number
of procedures you must follow. All our courses are taught in English, so first of all, you will
probably need to submit proof of your English language ability. We require an IELTS score of
6.5 or another test result which is equivalent. You will also have to send us your secondary
school diploma, so that we can evaluate it. If you have the International Baccalaureate or a Dutch
VWO Diploma, you don’t need to provide English language test results.
We will also require a personal statement. This is a text of up to 1000 words in which you
introduce yourself, explain your interest in our college, and why you want to study your chosen
course.
If you are outside the EU, it is important that you have an entrance visa before you come to study
in the Netherlands, but we will apply for this for you.
You will need a passport photograph, a copy of your passport, copies of all your certificates
diplomas, etc, your proof of language ability and a personal statement in English.

25
We now only accept online applications, so please ensure that you have all your documents
ready to upload before you begin. Any documents that are not in English originally will also
need to be translated and the translation is also uploaded.

Evidence of language ability IELTS 6.5 or equivalent

Evidence of student (1)
Dutch VWO diploma, or other secondary school diploma
Information about motivation (2), with a maximum length of (3)
Proof of identity (4), passport photo
Other (5), if originals are in a foreign language

HOMEWORK 2: ONE WORD

A. Geo-engineering has been shown to work, at least on a small localized scale. Many of the
schemes now suggested to look to do the opposite, and reduce the amount of sunlight reaching
the planet. The most eye-catching idea of all is suggested by Professor Roger Angel of the
University of Arizona. His scheme would employ up to 16 million minute spacecraft, each
weighing about one gram, to create a sunshade in an orbit of 1.5 million km above the Earth.
This could redice the amount of light reaching the Earth by 2%.
B. The majority of geo-engineering projects so far carried out – which include planting forests in
deserts “placing” iron in the ocean to encourage the formation algae – have focused on achieving
a general cooling of the Earth.
C. Scientists have also considered whether it’s possible preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with
strong cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea. Meanwhile, in the Russian Arctic,
geo-engineering plans include the planting of millions of birch trees. Re-routing Russian rivers to
increase cold water flow to ice-forming areas could also be used to slow down warming, say
some climate scientists.
Procedure Aim
Put a large number of tiny spacecraft into To create a (1)………….. that would reduce the
orbit far above the Earth amount of light reaching the Earth
Place (2)………….. in the ocean Encourage (3)……………….. to form
Fix strong (4)……….. to Greenland ice Ice to prevent icebergs moving into the sea
sheets
Change the direction of (5)………………. To bring more cold water into ice-forming area

HOMEWORK 3: NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER

26
A. Aylito Binayo’s feet know the mountain. Even at four in the morning, she can run down the
rocks to the river by starling alone and climb the steep mountain back up to her village with a
container of water on her back. She has made this journey three times a day since she was a
small child. So has every other woman in her village of Foro, in the Konso district of south-
western Ethiopia in Africa. Binayo left school when she was 8 years old, in part because she had
to help her mother fetch water from the Toiro River. The water is unsafe to drink. Every year that
the drought continues, the river carries less water, and its flow is reduced. But it is the only water
that Foro has ever had.
B. In developed parts of the world, people turn on a tap and out pours abundant, clean water.
Yet, nearly 900 million people in the world have no access to clean water. Furthermore, 2.5
billion people have no safe ways to get rid of human waste. Polluted water and lack of proper
hygiene causes disease and kill 3.3 million people around the world annually, most of whom are
children. In southern Ethiopia and in northern Kenya, a lack of rain over the past few years has
made even dirty water hard to find. But soon, for the first time, things are going to change.
C. Bringing clean water close to villagers’ home is the key to the problem. Communities where
clean water becomes accessible and plentiful are transformed. All the hours previously spent
hauling water can be used to grow more crops, raise more animals or even start a business.
Families spend less time sick or caring for family member who are unwell. Most importantly, not
having to collect water means girls can go to school and get jobs. The need to fetch water for the
family, or to take care of younger siblings while their mothers go, usually prevents them ever
having this experience.
1. The water levels in the Toiro River are falling because of (1)…………………
2. Globally, the number of people who die each year as a result of using dirty water is (2)….
3. When families have clean water, they can spend more time growing (3)………………….
HOMEWORK 4: NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
A. Tourism is Chamonix’s lifeblood. Visitors have been encouraged to visit the valley ever since
it was first discovered by explorers in 1741. Over 40 years later, in 1786, Mont Blanc’s summit
was finally reached by a French doctor and his guide, and this gave birth to the sport of alpinism,
with Chamonix at its center. In 1924, it hosted the first Winter Olympics, and the cable cars and
lifts that were built in the years that followed gave everyone access to the ski slopes.
B. Today, Chamonix is the modern town, connected to the outside world via the Mont Blanc
Road Tunnel and a busy highway network. It receives up to 60,000 visitors at a time during the
ski season, and climbers, hikers, and extreme-sport enthusiasts swarm there in summer in even
greater number.
C. Chamonix’s council is encouraging the use of renewable energy in private properties by
making funds available for green renovations and new constructions. At the same time, public
sector buildings have also undergone improvements to make them more energy-efficient and less

27
wasteful. For example, the local ice rink has reduced its annual water consumption from 140,000
cubic metres to 10,000 cubic metres in the space of 3 years.
1. The first people to discover Chamonix valley were (1)…………………………..
2. Chamonix’s busiest tourist season is the (2)………………………………………
3. Public areas, such as the (3)…………….. in Chamonix, are using fewer resources.
HOMEWORK 5: ONE WORD
Even if you had never suspected that this is what was going on when leaves turn red, there are
clues out there. One is straightforward: on many trees, the leaves that are the reddest are those on
the side of the tree facing the Sun. Not only that, but the red is brighter on the upper side of the
leaf. It has also been recognized for decades that the best conditions for intense red colors are
dry, sunny days and cool nights. And finally, trees such as maples usually get much redder the
further north you travel in the northern hemisphere. It is colder there, they are more stressed,
their chlorophyll is more sensitive and it needs more sunblock.
THE “LIGHT SCREEN” HYPOTHESIS
1. The reddest leaves are found on the side of the tree facing the (1)………….
2. The (2)…………….. surfaces of leaves have the brighter red
3. Red leaves are most abundant when daytime weather conditions are (3)…. and sunny
4. The intensity of the red color of leaves increases as you go further (4)……………….
HOMEWORK 6: ONE WORD
Silk is a fine, smooth material produced from the cocoons – soft protective shells – that are made
by mulberry silkworms (insect larvae). Legend has it that it was Lei Tzu, wife of the Yellow
Emperor, ruler of China in about 3000 BC, who discovered silkworms. She collected a number
of cocoons and sat down to have a rest. It just happened while she was sipping some tea, one of
the cocoons that she had collected fell into hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread. Lei
Tzu found that she could wind this thread around her fingers. Subsequently, she persuaded her
husband to allow her to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry trees. She also invented a special
reel to draw the fibers from the cocoons into a single thread so that they would be strong enough
to be woven into fabric.
Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women, and it was they who were
responsible for the growing, harvesting and weaving. Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status
and originally, only royalty were allowed to have clothes made of silk.
THE STORY OF SILK
1. Around 3000 BC, according to legend, silkworm cocoon fell into emperor’s wife’s (1)
2. Emperor’s wife invented a (2) to pull out silk fibers.
3. Only (3) were allowed to produce silk
4. Only (4) were allowed to wear silk.

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 UNIT 2: MULTIPLE CHOICES
EXERCISE 1:
Dolphins are marine mammals that are related to whales and porpoises. A marine mammal is one
that lives in the water. Dolphins are found all over the world’s oceans as well as in rivers and
marshes. Dolphins are carnivores (meat-eater) and feed on fish, squid and other marine life. They
often swim together in groups called “pods”. They are thought to have powerful eyesight and
hearing, but do not have a sense of smell.
Dolphins come in different sizes. Some are smaller than the average person, but others, such as
the Orca, can be 30 feet long, or more than five times as long as the average person. Dolphins are
thought to be very intelligent and communicate with each other using clicks and whistles. All
dolphins are powerful swimmers. Have you ever seen a dolphin? Groups of dolphins can often
be seen bobbing in and out of waves close to shoreline.
1. Marine mammals live____(in the forest/on land/in the desert/in the water)
2. Which of the following would a dolphin probably NOT eat? (plants/squid/marine
life/fish)
3. Dolphins do NOT ____(see very well/communicate/have a sense of smell/have good
hearing)
4. An Orca is (much larger/smaller/a little bit larger/about the same size) as an average
person
EXERCISE 2:
Hummingbirds are amazing little birds. They are smallest of all birds and weigh less than even a
penny. The Bee Hummingbird, barely more than 2 inches long, is the smallest bird in the world.
Unlike most birds, hummingbirds have iridescent feathers. Iridescent feathers glitter and shine in
the sun. Hummingbirds are often dazzling combinations of greens and reds or greens and blues.
Others are violet, orange, golden, silver or other combinations only Mother Nature can dream up.
All hummingbirds have long bills to insert into flowers. Some hummingbirds have special bills
to fit in specific flowers. Hummingbirds are the only birds that can fly backwards.
Hummingbirds are also unique among bird species in that they drink nectar from flowers. You
29
can attract hummingbirds to your yard with special feeders that are filled with sugar water. These
feeders are usually bright red in color because hummingbirds are attracted to red.
1. Compared to other birds, hummingbirds are (heavier/larger/about the same size/lighter)
2. Hummingbirds are the only birds that ___(will come to bird feeders/are green/can fly
backwards/are small)
3. To attract hummingbirds to your yard, put up feeders with ____them (sugar
water/nectar/seeds/berries)
4. What color are most hummingbird feeders? (Golden/white/red/green)
EXERCISE 3:
THE VALUE OF FRIENDSHIP
Recent research into the world of teenagers has suggested that they value friendship above
everything else. Children aged between 12-15 were asked what was important to them. Their
answers included things such as money and computer gadgets but also relationships with people.
These teenagers said that friends were the most important to them, more than family, boyfriends
or girlfriends.
We wanted to find out more about the results of this research so we asked our readers what they
thought about the value of friendship. Here are some examples of what they said about their
friends.
Ben, 15:
Every time I have a fight with my parents, I need some time on my own. But after that, the first
thing I do is to meet up with friends. After playing football for a while, or skateboarding, I
usually feel much happier again.
Rory, 13:
When I move to a village in the countryside, I thought that it would be the end of my friendships.
But my old friends have kept in touch and they come and visit in the holidays. There is a lake
nearby, so we often go sailing, water-skiing or windsurfing. And I have made some new friends
here, too, at school, and since I joined the rugby club.
Carlos, 11:
Last year, I broke my arm on a skiing holiday. Unfortunately, it was my left arm and I am left-
handed. My school friends all helped and copied their notes for me.
1. To teenagers, money is
A. not important
B. as important as computer gadgets
C. as important as relationship with people
D. less important than friendships

30
 2. Why are Ben, Rory and Carlos mentioned in the article?
A. They know why teenagers value friendships
B. they gave information about themselves
C. they read magazines
D. they are teenage boys
3. Which of the following best describes Ben?
A. He often has fights
B. he likes being alone
C. He is happier than his friends
D. He likes some sports
4. What do we know about the lake that Rory visits?
A. It is near the school
B. It is near his old house
C. It is used by a lot of people who do water sports
D. It is in a city center
5. Carlos mentions that he is left-handed because ____
A. It makes skiing harder
B. It makes it worse that he broke the arm that he uses the most
C. It is an interesting fact about himself and he is talking about his left arm.
D. It is very fortunate when you break your left arm.

EXERCISE 4:
JOSEPH PULITZER
Joseph Pulitzer was born in 1847 in Mako, Hungary. He moved to the US when he was
seventeen years old and became an American citizen on his twentieth birthday. He spent his
career in journalism working in the mid-west and New York. From 1871, he was also the owner
or part-owner of many newspapers. His most famous newspaper was the New York World
(which many believe was the model for the Daily Planet of the Superman stories). The World
campaigned against corruption, and exposed many scandals. It was also a strong supporter of the
rights of the working man.
In later life, he worked so hard, and lost his sight. He became dedicated to improving the quality
of journalism in America, and donated $1 million to Columbia University to found a school of
journalism. However, his most significant contribution was the establishment of the Pulitzer
prizes in his will.
These prizes for excellence in journalism have been given every year since 1917 by Columbia
University. Since 1942, there have been extra categories for press photography, and later still for
criticism, feature writing and commentary. The prize was originally for $500, but today the
winners of the prize receive a gold medal.
1. Joseph Pulitzer was born in
A. 1847
B. 1871
C. 1942
31
 D. 1917
2. Pulitzer became an American citizen
A. 20 years after he arrived in the US
B. in 1867
C. after contributing $1 million to a university
D. when he was 17 years old
3. As well as writing for newspapers, Joseph Pulitzer
A. wrote the Superman stories
B. was the boss of some newspaper
C. won prizes for press photography
D. worked in the mid-west
4. The text tells us that Joseph Pulitzer
A. became a patriotic American
B. later became a member of Columbia University
C. was one of the richest men in New York
D. worked very hard
5. The prize is worth
A. $500
B. a gold medal
C. more in prestige than money
D. a job with a good newspaper

EXERCISE 5:
A.
A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral
psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for
their willingness to obey instructions given by a leader in a situation. Specifically, Milgram told
each volunteer “teacher-subjects” that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and
was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive
effect on the pupils’ ability to learn.
B.
Milgram’s experimental set-up involved placing the teacher-subjects before a panel of 30
switches with labels ranging from 15 volts of electricity (sight shock) to 450 volts (danger –
severe shock) in steps of 15 volts each. The teacher-subjects was told to follow a rule: Whenever
the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered as a punishment
beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer.
Before carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists
and asked them to predict the average percentage of people who would be willing to administer
the highest shock level of 450 volts.
Most psychiatrists believed that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the
experimenter. The psychiatrists felt that most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts and they

32
further anticipated that only 4% would go up to 300 volts. Furthermore, they thought that only a
lunatic fringe of about 1 in 1000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts.
1. The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whether
A. a 450-volt shock was dangerous
B. punishment helps learning
C. the pupils were honest
D. they were suited to teaching
2. The teacher-subject were instructed to
A. stop when a pupil asked them to
B. denounce pupil who made mistakes
C. reduce the shock level after a correct answer
D. give punishment according to a rule
3. Before the experiment took place, the psychiatrists
A. believed that a shock of 150 volts was too dangerous
B. failed to agree on how the teacher-subject would respond to instructions
C. believed that no teacher-subject would obey the experiment
D. thought that many of the teacher-subjects would administer a shock of 450 volts

HOMEWORK 1:
A teacher’s main concern is to help young beginner readers to develop not only the ability to
recognize words, but the skills necessary to understand what these words mean. Even if a child is
able to read aloud fluently, he or she may not be able to understand much of it. This is called
“barking at text”
Instead, it is not unusual for a book of 30 pages or more to have only one sentence full of
repetitive phrases. The artwork is often marvelous, but the pictures make the language redundant,
and the children have no need to imagine anything when they read such books, which causes
them to slow down their reading progress. Looking at a picture actively prevents children
younger than 9 from creating a mental image, and can make it difficult for older children. In
order to learn how to comprehend, they need to practice making their own meaning in response
to text. They need to have their innate power of imagination trained.

1. Readers are said to “bark at text” when

A. They read too loudly
B. there are too many repetitive words
C. they are discouraged from using their imagination
D. they have difficulty assessing its meaning
2. The text suggests that
A. pictures in book should be less detailed
B. pictures can slow down reading progress
C. picture books are the best used with younger readers
D. pictures make modern books too expensive

33
HOMEWORK 2:
It is said that most people have no more than 30 friends at any given time. However, on social
networking sites, most users have about 170 friends. If these numbers are correct, then friendship
means different things in different situations.
Online friendships are quite easy, but in the real world, decisions about friendships are harder to
make. There are no rules about friendship. There are no guidelines about how to make friends,
how to keep friendships going, and how to finish friendships if we want to move on. People have
very different opinions about this. Some people would die for their friends and they value them
more than family. Others say that friends are temporary, only there to help each other until they
are no longer needed. If people with such different views become friends, this can lead to
problems.
Because of these different definitions of friendship, it is easy to be unhappy about our
friendships. We may want them to be deeper or close, or we may want to have more friends in
our lives. Sometimes, we simply do not have the time to develop our friendships or we fear we
are too old to start making friends. If we move to another city, we have to find ways to make new
friends again.
This dissatisfaction shows us how important friendships are for most of us. We should not think
that it could be too late to build friendships. We also need to understand that the need to be
around other people is one that is shared by many. Therefore, we should not be too frightened
about starting to talk to people who in the future may become our friends. It is likely that they
too would like to get closer to us. Remember what people say: Strangers are friends that we
haven’t met yet.
1. How many friends do the majority of people probably have?
A. 30 real friends or fewer
B. a minimum of 30 real friends
C. 50 Internet friends
D. 400 Internet friends over the course of their lives
2. Friendship means____
A. different things to different people
B. dying for your friends if you need to
C. helping each other until it is no longer necessary
D. accepting friends with different views
3. Sometimes, people are worried because____
A. they think that they have too many friends
B. they spend too much time with friends
C. they think they are too old to make friends
D. there are no guidelines about friendships
4. What does “Strangers are friends that we haven’t met yet” mean?
A. We have not met strangers before
B. Strangers are also our friends
C. We should not talk to strangers
D. Strangers may become our friends
34
HOMEWORK 3:

ADAM’S WINE
Water is the giver and, at the same time, the taker of life. It covers most of the surface of the
planet we live on and features large in the development of the human race. On present
predictions, water is believed to be more important to people’s lives in the future.

Throughout history, water has had a huge impact on our lives. Humankind has always had a two-
sided relationship with water. On the one hand, receiving enormous benefit from it, not just as a
drinking source, but as a provider of food and a means whereby to travel and to trade. But forced
to live close to water in order to survive and to develop, the relationship has not always been
peaceful or beneficial. In fact, it has been quite the contrary.

Today, we are more aware of climatic changes around the world. Floods in far-flung places are
instant news for the whole world. Building stronger and more sophisticated river defences
against flooding is expensive short-term answer. There are simpler ways. Planting trees in
highland areas, not just in Europe but in places like the Himalayas, to protect people living in
low-lying regions like the Gangers Delta, is a cheaper and more attractive solution.

And the future? If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two-thirds of the world
population will be without fresh water by 2025. But for a growing number of regions of the
world, the future is already with us. While some areas are devastated by flooding, scarcity of
water in many other places is causing conflicts.

1. The writer believes that water

A. is gradually becoming of greater importance
B. will have little impact on our lives in the future
C. is something we will need more than anything else.
D. will have even greater importance in our lives in the future
2. Humankind’s relationship with water has been
A. two-sided
B. one-sided
C. purely one of great benefits
D. fairly frightening
3. Planting trees____
A. has to be coordinated internationally
B. is more expensive than building sea and river defenses
C. is a less expensive answer to flooding than building river defenses
D. is not an answer to the problem of flooding in all regions
4. By 2025, it is projected that
A. at least half of the world population will have fresh water
35
 B. the majority of the world population will have fresh water
C. one–third of the world population will have fresh water
D. fresh water will only be available to half of the world population

UNIT 3: SHORT ANSWER

EXERCISE 1: NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
Illness is defined in a variety of ways, which depend on a number of factores. One of these
factores is age differences. Older people tend to accept a range of pains and physical limitations
as “normal” which young people would define as symptoms of some illness or disability/ As we
age, we gradually redefine health and accept greater levels of physical discomfort. In Blaxter’s
national survey of health definitions, she found that young people tend to define health in terms
of physical fitness, but gradually, as people become older, health is defined more in terms of the
ability to cope with everyday tasks. She found examples of older people with really serious
arthritis, who defined them as healthy, they were still able to carry out a limited range of routine
activities.
1. Who tend to accept pain as a part of life?
2. What did Blaxter want to find about?
EXERCISE 2: NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
Exactly what a public forest is and how the public should be able to use it has been debated since
the national forests were first formed in 1905. Since then, the US Forest Service has been
allowing timber, mining and ranching.

For the last 27 years, the rest of the nation, both public and private, has been working to comply
with the landmark Engdangered Species Act, but the US Forest Service has paid little attention to
the wildlife under its care. A little known regional environmental group, the Center fro Biological
Diversity, brought a lawsuit 2 years ago that has forced the Forest Service to face the Endangered
Species Act and comply with it.

In the Los Padres Forest alone, whose area is 2 million acres, as many as 11.6 million people have
been allowed to troop in each year during the summer months, unknowingly disrupting a fragile
ecosystem essential to the health of the forest they have come to enjoy.

1. What activities have been allowed in public forest since 1905?

36
 2. What made the Forest Service comply with the Endangered Species Act?
3. What is the area of Los Padres Forest?
EXERCISE 3: NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS
The concept of “the body” is closely related to the ideas of “illness” and “healthy”. All of us
exist in “bodies” of different shapes, heights, colors. The main reasons for the differences are
genetic, and the fact that people’s bodies change with their age. Howerver, a huge range of
research indicates that there are social factors, too. Poorer people are more likely to set
“unhealthy” food, to smoke cigarettes and to be employed in physically difficult work.
Moreover, their housing conditions and neighborhoods tend to be worse. All of these factors
impact upon the condition of a person’s health: the physical shapes of bodies are strongly
influenced by social factors.
1. In what ways do our bodies differ?
2. Why do our bodies differ physically?
3. What types of jobs are poor people likely to have?
4. What aspects of poor people’s living environments are not good?
EXERCISE 4: NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
IS EVERYONE ENTITLED TO PAID HOLIDAYS?
The Working Time Regulations introduced a new right to paid holidays for most workers.
However, some workers are not covered when the regulations came into force in October 1998.
Since the regulations were amended, with effect from 1 Aug 2003, the majority of these workers
have been entitled to paid holidays.
Workers who qualify are entitled to no fewer than 4 weeks of paid holiday per year, and public
holidays (normally eight days in England and Wales) count towards this. However, workers and
employers can agree no longer holidays.
Before taking holidays, you must give your employer notice of at least twice the length of the
holiday you want to take. For instance, to take a 5-day holiday, you must give at least 10 days’
notice. If your employers does not want you to take that holiday, they can give you a counter-
notice equal to the holiday – for example, 5 days’ notice not to take a five-day holiday.
If the employer wants you to take holiday at a certain time, e.g. when there is a shutdown at the
same time every year, they must give you notice of at least twice the length of the holiday. There
is no right for the worker to take that holiday at a different time.
It may be that your contract gives you better rights, or your holiday rights might be specified in a
collective agreement. Your union representative can advise you on this.
1. In what year were the regulations extended to cover the majority of workers who were
originally excluded?

37
 2. What is the minimum annual paid holiday which workers are entitled to?
3. What can employer give a worker to stop them taking holiday that they have requested?
4. What is given as a possible reason for an employee having to take holiday at a certain
time?
5. Apart from contract, what type of document may set out an employee’s holiday rights?
HOMEWORK 1: NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
NOTICE: PRODUCT RETURN!
Fancy Foods wishes to inform the public that pieces of metal have been found in some jars of
Fancy Foods Chicken Curry. The batches of jars involved have numbers from J6617 to J6624.
The batch number is printed on the bottom of each jar.

If you have any jars with these batch numbers, please return them (preferably unopened) to the
supermarket where you purchased them. You can also return them to the factory in Blacktown.
Fancy Food will pay $10 for each jar returned unopened and $5 for each jar already opened.
No payment will be made for empty jars, which do not need to be returned. However, the
Retailing manager will be interested to hear from people who have consumed chicken curry from
any of the above batch numbers. In particular, it will be helpful if they can give information
about the place of purchase of the product.
Jars of Fancy Foods Chicken Curry (Coconut) and Fancy Foods Chicken Curry (Mango) have
not been affected and do not need to be returned.
Fancy Foods will pay a reward of $10,000 to $50,000 for information which leads to the
conviction of any person found guilty of placing metal pieces in its products. If you have such
information, please contact the Customer Relations Manager, Fancy Food Retailers, Blacktown.
1. What has been found in some Fancy Foods products?
2. Where can you find the batch number on the jars?
3. How much will you receive for an opened jar of contaminated Chicken Curry?
4. If you have eaten Chicken curry from a jar with one of the batches listed, whom should
you contact?
5. What is the maximum reward Fancy Foods is offering for information about who
contaminated their product?

HOMEWORK 2: NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

RECYCLING AT WORK – HANDY HINTS TO EMPLOYERS

38
It is estimated that avoidable waste costs UK businesses up to 4.5% of their annual revenue.
Reducing waste in the workplace is about being efficient. By becoming more efficient,
businesses not only increase profits but they also save natural resources.
On the island of Jersey, for example, the amount of waste produced each year has doubled sicne
1980. In 2004, it topped 100,000 tonnes – and 60% is generated by local businesses. A lot of
waste for a small island!
Setting up a company scheme
Waste Audit
Before you start a recycling scheme, carry out an audit. This will make you aware of how much
waste you are producing in the company.

Company Policy
Consider switching your office waste contractor to one that provide a recycling service. Buy
recycled paper. Although this is sometimes more expensive, costs can be reduced by lowering
consumption and using duplex printers.

Get everyone involved

• Raise awareness internally within the Company, perhaps by putting up educational
posters. There are also a couple of ways to increase motivation
• Hold internal competitions between different departments. For example, see which can
reduce their waste the most within a specific time period.
• Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvements. Staff will then see the
impact their actions are having.
What to recycle and how
Paper
According to a recent survey, 655 of waste produced is paper waste. Waste paper will inevitably
be produced in the workplace, but it is not necessary to discard it. It can serve a variety of
purposes before it is recycled, such as writing notes. Envelopes too can be re-used for internal
mail.
Electrical equipment
Rather than giving up on any old electrical equipment and just throwing it away, why not try
upgrading it? This reduces waste, as well as avoiding the need to manufacture a new machine – a
process which creates a large amount of waste. You could also consider donating your old
computers to charities when it comes to replacing them.
1. What does the writer think should be carried out in a company before it starts recycling?
2. What machines can help to reduce the costs?

39
 3. What can be displayed in the workplace to raise people’s awareness about the recycling
plan?
4. What can be attributed to motivate staff to recycle more?
5. What can waste paper be used for in the office?
HOMEWORK 3: NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions.
Indeed, the purple color extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at that time,
only the rich could afford that. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly.
It was against this backdrop that Perkin’s discovery was made.
Realizing the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time patenting it. But perhaps, the most
fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions to his finding was his nearly instant recognition that the new
dye had commercial potential.
Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve
(From the French for the plant used to make the color violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye
works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it
if the color remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low.
With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. The
company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided
the new color flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable
ladies in that country.
1. Before Perkin’s discovery, who could afford the purple color?
2. What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?
3. What was the name finally used to refer to the first color Perkin invented?
4. What was the name of the person Perkin asked for advices before setting up his own dye
works?
5. In what country did Perkin’s new color first become fashionable?

40
 UNIT 4: TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN & YES/NO/NOT GIVEN
EXERCISE 1: TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN?
ORIGINS OF BREAD
Bread is the most widely consumed food in the world, not only because it is an important source
of carbohydrates but because it is also portable and compact. This explains why it has been an
integral part of the world’s diet for thousands of years. In fact, a recent research suggests that
humans started baking bread at least 30,000 years ago.
Prehistoric man had already been making gruel from water and grains, so it was a small jump to
starting cooking this mixture into a solid by frying it on stones. A 2010 study by the National
Academy of Sciences discovered traces of starch (likely from the roots of cattails and ferns) in
prehistoric mortar and pestle-like rocks. The roots would have been peeled and dried before they
were ground into flour and mixed with water. Finally, the paste would be cooked on heated
rocks.
1. Bread is eaten in all countries in the world
2. Bread contains carbohydrates
3. The first bread was made about 30,000 years ago
4. Bread was first made from gruel cooked in clay pots
EXERCISE 2:
The race to break the 4-minute mile reached a crescendo in the 1950s and became a major
sporting challenge of the day. At the turn of the 20th century, the world record had stood at about
4 minutes 10 seconds. But despite efforts around the globe, by 1952, the record remained intact.
The press regularly stated at that time that man had reached his athletic limits; that room for
improvement was minimal. Then in May 1954, in a run that was to go down in history, Roger
Bannister stopped the clock at 3 minute 59.4 seconds.
Few records have so captured the public’s attention and provided such an enduring benchmark.
Public fascination partly reflected the seeming symmetry of the event – four laps in 4 minutes. A
very similar achievement is that of the less well-known Russian swimmer Vladimir Salnikov,
who in 1980 became the first man to break 15 minutes for 1500 metres. That was 30 consecutive
laps in less than 30 seconds, which had once been regarded as impossible.
Part of the appeal of athletes such as Bannister and Landy is linked to the amateur environment
in which they competed. For both men, running was an aisle to the real matters of life and they
received no monetary award. And as evidence of the temporal nature of all records, Bannister’s
record has since been reduced by a further 17 seconds, but the 4-minute mile remains a landmark
in sporting history.
1. In the early 1950s, the media promoted the idea that nobody could run a mile in under 4
minutes.
2. In 1980, Vladimir Salnikov swam 1500 metres in less than 15 minutes.
41
 3. John Landy and Roger Bannister were professional sportsmen.
4. Bannister’s record was broken within 3 years.
EXERCISE 3:
An experiment conducted in 1961 by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram measured
the willingness to obey authority figures by instructing people to perform acts that conflicted
with their morals. Participants were assigned to play the role of “teacher” and administer electric
shocks to the “learner”, who was supposedly in a different room, every time they answered a
question incorrectly, Milgram played recordings to make the teachers believe that the learners
were in great pain and wanted to end the experiment as if they were shocked in reality. Despite
these protests, many participants continued the experiment when the authority figures urged
them to, increasing the voltage after each wrong answer until some eventually reached what
would be lethal electric shocks. Similar experiments conducted since the original have provided
nearly identical results, indicating that people are willing to go against their consciences if they
are being told to do so by authority figures.
1. Participants in the experiment were given the choice of playing the role of teacher or
learner
2. The learners in the experiment were actually shocked with electricity
3. Although feeling guilty, many participants kept administering electricity shock to their
learners until the shock reached lethal voltage.
4. The participants enjoyed the experiment.
HOMEWORK 1:
BLOWING IN THE WIND
When all it takes is the flick of a switch to illuminate a house or to activate a TV set, it is perhaps
not surprising that most people pay little attention to where the energy comes from or what
impact using it is having on the environment. But though the comfort and convenience of our
modern energy supply is easy to accept, attitudes are beginning to change, partly because many
people are starting to realize the scale of impact we are having.
The potential for greener and cleaner energy sources is still greater than either demand of official
backing, but momentum is gathering. Some two billion people are still without electricity, the
majority of whom live in poor countries and in remote areas. In these conditions, local energy
supplies based on renewable sources such as the wind or sun are the ideal solution. In richer
countries, emerging energy sources could mean the foundation of new high-tech industries that
employ hundreds of thousands of people.
1. It can be understood why people take their energy supplies for granted
2. Some quite ordinary towns are developing green energy supplies
3. Most people in need of electricity supplies live in poor countries
4. The new high-tech industries will add to levels of unemployment

42
HOMEWORK 2:
THE TWO SIDES OF SECURITY
In the security industry today, there are two clear divisions and one of these is decidedly more
glamorous than the other. The interesting part deals with digital security, which includes
everything from fighting computer viruses and tackling malicious computer hackers to
controlling which employees have access to which systems. All of this has overshadowed the
less glamorous side of the industry, which deals with physical security – in essence, door locks,
alarms and that sort of thing. The people involved in digital security come across as bright and
interesting, whereas the door-lock mechanisms do not change much. This second group soon
have to admit that there have been no real advances in locks since the invention of the pin-
tumbler lock, which was actually devised in ancient Egypt but was then lost until Mr. Linux
Yale, an American inventor, rediscovered it. And even that was a century and a half ago.
1. Designing ways to protect computers from hackers represents the boring side of the
security industry
2. Door-locking mechanisms have changed very little in the last century
3. Linux Yale worked on the pin-tumbler lock alone.
HOMEWORK 3:
INVESTIGATING A CRIME SCENE
Assessing the scene
On arrival, the police officer’s first job is to carry out an initial assessment of the scene. If they
are at first unsure whether or not a crime has taken place, it is best to assume that it has. Valuable
time and evidence in the investigation could be lost otherwise. First, they must deal with anyone
at the scene needing medical help. Any other people present at the scene must be kept apart, as
they may be eyewitnesses or suspects. Witnesses at crime scene are not allowed to talk to each
other. A person’s perception of what happened can get distorted during conversation. The police
officer then calls for a Scene of Crime Officer (SOCO).
Preserving the scene
When the SOCO arrives at the crime scenes, they put on a full protective body suit, gloves, a
mask and plastic shoes. Without this, the SOCO’s skin cells, fibers, fingerprints could be added
to the crime scene.
Recording the scene
The SOCO must produce a permanent record of the crime scene, using detailed written notes,
sketches, photographs and videos. It is essential that the original position of items at the scene is
recorded. Some biological and chemical evidence may quickly deteriorate. Other evidence may
be very fragile, and might be destroyed as the SOCO tries to recover it. Other evidence from the
crime scene will be sent to the forensic lab for analysis.
43
Photographing the scene
When photographing a crime scene, the SOCO photograph 4 times:
- Photograph the whole crime scene
- Photograph each item at the scene before doing anything to it
- Add a scale and photograph the item again
- After collecting trace evidence from the item, or removing it for analysis, photograph the same
part of the crime scene again.
Recording the scene
Any evidence at the crime scene may turn out to be important at some stage in the investigation,
so it is important that the team’s search is thorough and systematic.
- Some of the evidence, such as a cigarette butt, may be immediately obvious to the SOCO
- Some of the evidence, such as fibers, may be present in very small amounts. This is called trace
evidence
- Other evidence, such as fingerprints, may be invisible to the naked eye, and special techniques
are needed to reveal it
- Some evidence may have been damaged, for example, burnt. Special procedures are then
needed.
1. The police may ask the people who are at the crime scene to wait together until they can
talk to them
2. SOCOs are not normally first at a crime scene
3. Sometimes, hair, skin cells, etc. from a SOCO are left at the crime scene, even though
they wear protection to try to stop this.
4. Every item at a crime scene is photographed 5 times
5. Fibers are an example of traced evidence
6. If evidence is burnt, it cannot be dealt with.

44
 UNIT 5: MATCHING HEADINGS
EXERCISE 1:

List of headings
1. Is it legal?
2. Why might people want to clone humans?
3. Why ban cloning?
4. How is it done?
5. What exactly is cloning?

A. Cloning is the creation of a cell or organism which is genetically identical to another. There
are 2 main issues in talking about human cloning: the creation of a new person with the same
genes as someone who is alive or has lived (reproductive cloning) and the creation of embryos in
order to make new organs or cells for medical or research purposes (therapeutic cloning)
B. Dolly the sheep was cloned by transferring the nucleus of a body cell into an egg which had
already had its nucleus removed. Human cloning would probably be done the same way.
C. It has been banned in the US and Britain, Alan Miburn, the health secretary, announced
recently that the UK will ban any attempt in human cloning.
D.
1. To grow new organs for transplantation
2. For infertile parents, as a way to have a child
3. To recreate a loved person who has died
4. To try to live forever by cloning yourself
EXERCISE 2:
List of headings
1. How wildlife benefits from big trees
2. Factors that enable trees to grow to significant heights
3. How other plants can cause harm

A. Big trees are incredibly important ecologically. For a start, they sustain countless other
species. They provide shelter for many animals, and their trunks and branches can become
gardens, hung with green ferns, orchids and bromeliads, coated with mosses and draped with
vines. With their tall canopies basking in the sun, they capture vast amount of energy. This
allows them to sustain much of the animal life in the forest.
B. Only a small number of tree species have the genetic capacity to grow really big. The
mightiest are native to Northern America, but big trees grow all over the globe, from the tropics
45
to the forests in the high altitudes. To achieve giant stature, a tree needs 3 things: the right place
to establish its seedling, good growing conditions and lots of time with low adult mortality.
Disrupt any of these, you can lose your biggest trees.
EXERCISE 3:
List of headings
1. The professional background
2. Different types of customer
3. Not for men only
4. The legal position
5. The risks of the profession
6. The nature of the job

A. Well, obviously, the first job of a body guard is to make sure that no harm comes to his or her
client. Her? Yes, today many bodyguards are women, because they are more inconspicuous, and
many attackers do not think they are a threat. In fact, because other parts of the job are more
important than physical strength, women make very good bodyguards.
B. So where do bodyguards come from? Many have military backgrounds, and others come from
government agencies, such as the US Secret Service, which have the job of protecting important
politicians. These days, some private companies offer training for bodyguards, and other security
companies train their own people.
C. People need bodyguards for different reasons. Some people do not need them at all, but like to
have them to feel important. Celebrities are often in danger of attack from disturbed people, and
need protection as do some politicians with controversial policies. Finally, many people hire
bodyguards for their children to avoid the risk of kidnap
D. At the most basic, the job of the bodyguard is to get between client and an attacker. But a
good bodyguard will try to make sure that it does not come to that, by changing the client’s
routine and security to make attacks less likely. Many bodyguards seem to be doing another job,
for instance, being the client’s driver.
EXERCISE 4:
List of headings
1. Is it safe for humans?
2. What else could GM animals be used for?
3. What about the animals?
4. What are GM animals?

A. They are animals that have had genes from another species inserted into their DNA to give
them new characteristics. For example, goats have been genetically engineered to produce
spiders’ silk in the milk.
46
B. To help with medical research – mice have been engineered with human genes to help
scientists find out how to cure human diseases such as cancer
To produce organs for transplantation into humans – animals have been genetically engineered
with human genes so that human bodies will not reject their organs when transplanted.
To make more food – for example, fast growing giant salmon
To change the nature of some animals – for example, genetically engineering pet cats so that
they don’t have a hunting instinct.
C. No one really knows what the effects may be. Some scientists are concerned that eating GM
animals may be poisonous because new genes in animals may produce new proteins that the
human body is not used to. There is also a concern that GM animals will escape into the wild,
where they will spread their modified genes. Wild fish could be displaced by the new super
salmon, for example.
EXERCISE 5:
List of headings
1. Dress
2. Rules of behavior
3. Climate
4. Language
5. Food

A. Many students find that the British climate affects them a lot. You may be used to a much
warmer climate or you may just find the greyness and dampness, especially during the winter
months, difficult to get used to.
B. You may find British food strange. It may taste different, or be cooked differently, or it may
seem tasteless or heavy compared to what you are used to.
C. Constantly listening and speaking in a foreign language is tiring. Although you may have
learned English very thoroughly, it is possible that the regional accents you discover when you
arrive in the UK make the language harder to understand than you thought. People may also
speak quickly and you may feel embarrassed to ask them to repeat what they have said.
D. If you come from a warm climate, you may find it uncomfortable to wear heavy winter
clothing. Not all students will find the style of dress different, but for others, people’s dress may
seem immodest, unattractive, comical or simply drab.
E. Every culture has unspoken rules which affect the way people treat each other. For example,
the British generally have a reputation for punctuality. In business and academic life, keeping to
time is important. You should always be on time for lectures, classes, and meetings with
academic and administrative staff. Social life is a little more complicated. Arranging to meet and

47
see a film at 8pm means arriving at 8pm. But if you are invited to visit someone’s home for
dinner at 8pm, you should probably aim to arrive at about 8.10, but not later than about twenty
past. When going to a student party, an invitation for 8pm probably means any time from 9.30
onwards.
HOMEWORK 1:
List of headings
1. The destruction of the library
2. Collection methods
3. Replacing lost books
4. The library’s original purpose
5. Storage methods

A. The ancient library of Alexandria, which served as the intellectual and cultural hub of Egypt
for 250 years, was tragically destroyed in 43BC. Now there is widespread speculation about its
true beginnings. The most popular theory is that Ptolemy I Soter (who ruled from 304 to 282 BC)
gathered a vase selection of books on kingship, ruling and the world’s people, so he might better
understand trade terms and how to lead his subjects.
B. As the library expanded, Ptolemy’s successors used increasingly unscrupulous techniques to
obtain manuscripts. One source claims that every ship sailing into Alexandria’s harbor was
routinely searched and, if a book was found, it was confiscated and taken to the library. There it
was examined and a decision made whether to keep it and make a replacement copy, to be given
to its rightful owner together with adequate reimbursement, or to just return the original copy
outright.
HOMEWORK 2:
List of headings
1. A solution which is no solution
2. Closing city centres to traffic
3. Paying to get in
4. A global problem
5. Making cars more environmentally friendly

TRAFFIC JAMS – NO END IN SIGHT

There are no easy answers to the problems of traffic congestion
A. Traffic congestion affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of
cities across both the developed and developing world. In the US, commuters spend an average
of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation
Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their
cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.
48
B. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby
cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is
high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice, it seems
to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centers
thanks to congestion pricing.
C. Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more
roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such
techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.
HOMEWORK 3:
List of headings
1. The disappearance of traditional sports playground
2. The disappearance of class games playground
3. Not a very British bulldog
4. Differing opinions about the bans
5. A closer look at some traditional games

IS THIS THE END OF TRADITIONAL BRITISH PLAYGROUND PASTIMES?

A. A survey has suggested that traditional pastimes are increasingly being banned at break times
in primary schools. Number one on the list is chasing game British Bulldog, followed by
leapfrog and conkers.
B. Despite its name, British Bulldog is a game that does not involve animals, and is played all
over the world in a number of variations. In its basic form, it involves runners trying to get to the
other side of the playground without being caught by the chaser, the “bulldog”. If caught, they
become a bulldog, too, until there is only person left: the winner of the game. “Conkers” on the
other hand, is genuinely British, as it is a game that was invented in England. The players bring
their own “conker”: a horse chestnut attached to a thick piece of string that goes through the
middle of the nut and is knotted underneath. Players pair up, wrap the string around one of their
hands and try up to 3 times to hit the other person’s conker by swinging their hand back and
forth. They take this in turns until one of the conkers is destroyed. That could be the end of the
game, or the winner could go on to fight others. There are different types of scoring methods in
place. The game is also played outside the school playground, with a world championship taking
place in England every year.
C. Sporting activities are also becoming rarer on the playground, often because there is a lack of
staff available to supervise them. Apart from banning these, there are also more original
solutions, such as allowing students to play rugby only – a form where tackles are not allowed,
and playing football with a soft ball rather than the traditional leather one. Having said that, these
activities are often not popular with the kids, and this may discourage them from playing at all.
D.
49
Peter,
This is just ridiculous! Illnesses and injuries are part of growing up! I used to paly all these
games, and more! I think I split my lip once when I fell over during a circle game. I can’t
compete with the hours of fun I had with my friends.
Susan,
I don’t think it is wrong to question whether we should allow violent games in schools. After all,
violence should not be tolerated in an educational environment. Perhaps this is something that
could lead to healthy group discussions involving teachers and pupils about rules and behaviors,
but in my opinion, this should not result in a ban of healthy running games such as circle, tag or
chase game.
Kiran,
Let’s ban active playground activities. Let’s keep the kids inside the classrooms during break
times and pay extra staff to stay indoors to supervise them and keep them safe.

50
WRITING

51
 UNIT 1: TASK 1
1. Các dạng bài Task 1
2. 2 nhóm từ vựng cần có trong task 1
3. 5 cách viết câu trong task 1

EXERCISE 1:

F I

K
A B J L
G H

AB Hit the lowest point

BF Fell significantly
F Remain unchanged
FG Declined gradually
GH Rose slightly
HI Fluctuated
IJ Reached a peak
J Increased dramatically
JK Rose slowly
KL Decreased substantially

EXERCISE 2:

AB___________________
BC___________________
C D____________________
A B D

B AB___________________
BE___________________
A EF___________________
E F

52
 AB___________________
B C BC___________________
A CD___________________
D

A
E AB___________________
BC___________________
B C E_____________________

EXERCISE 3: Viết lại câu theo cách yêu cầu

1. The number of people watching films on TV dropped significantly to 20% in 2015
2. The percentage of privately rented houses saw a quick rise of 10% in 2010
3. There was a moderate increase of 30 seconds in the average length of the advertisements
in 2009
4. The year 2017 saw a steady rise of $2million in the amount of salt exported
5. The price of computers decreased gradually over the period
6. A sharp decline of 20% was seen in the sales of history books in 2009
7. There was a slight growth in the quality of food in supermarkets in 2009
8. A remarkable decrease of 35% was seen in the percentage of smokers during the period
between 1990 and 2000
9. The year 1997 saw an increase of 30% in the percentage of heaters in households
10. In 2014, there was a noticeable decline in the number of engineering degrees
11. Ice coffee sales rose significantly to around 40 servings per day in December
12. There was a slight drop to about 2200 in the number of cellphones subscribers between
2005 and 2010
13. The house price in Hanoi went up gradually in 2005
14. During the 1980s and 1990s, there was a rapid increase to 10,000 in the number of
visitors to the castle
15. In 2010, the percentage of people visiting the castle gradually went down to 30%
16. The proportion of tourists who visited the festival fluctuated slightly in 1985
17. The percentage of visitors to the zoo grew sharply by 20% in 2010
18. The percentage of Americans who followed vegetarian diets fell steadily in 1999
19. There was a significant growth in the amount of Government investment in Health care
system in 2000
20. The population growth rate witnessed a slow rise of 2.5% in 1950
21. The year 1990 saw a quick drop in the unemployment rate
22. The number of buses went up moderately by 20% in 2006
23. There was an upward trend in the number of visitors to the website over the period.
53
 UNIT 2: TASK 1 (cont)
1. 4 cách so sánh số liệu
2. Thực hành viết câu phức, viết đoạn
EXERCISE 1: Viết câu sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh
1. Số lượng sinh viên tốt nghiệp năm 2010 là 10,000; số lượng sinh viên tốt nghiệp năm 2012 là
12,000
2. Số lượng người học Tiếng Anh là 5,000 năm 2017; số lượng người học Tiếng Hàn là 2,500
năm 2017
3. Tỉ lệ thất nghiệp ở Việt Nam là 12%, tỉ lệ thất nghiệp ở Trung Quốc là 15% vào năm 2016
4. Tỉ lệ tăng dân số ở Việt năm là 10%, ở Trung Quốc là 20% vào năm 2014
5. Lượng điện sản xuất dựa vào than là 10,000 đơn vị năm 1990, dựa vào nhiên liệu tái tạo là
5000 đơn vị.
6. Tỉ lệ li hôn ở Phần Lan là 38%, ở Thụy Điển là 43% vào năm 2011
7. Lượng du khách đến Paris năm 2011 là 1 triệu người, đến Lisbon là 2 triệu người
8. Tỉ lệ người dùng phương tiện công cộng năm 2011 là 20%, người dùng xe riêng là 60%
9. Số tiền đầu tư vào hệ thống chăm sóc sức khỏe năm 2010 là $2 triệu, vào giáo dục là $1 triệu
năm 2010
10. 10% nam giới Việt Nam làm việc nhà vào năm 1995, Mỹ là 20%
EXERCISE 2: Khoanh tròn/Điền cụm so sánh tương ứng với số liệu trong bảng
Changes in Summerville 2000-2010
2000 2005 2010
Average house prices $150,000 $155,000 $159,000
Population 45,000 53,000 61,000
Number of houses built 240 190 175
Number of sport centres 0 2 2
Number of entertainment complexes 2 2 3

1. Summerville had a smaller/largest/higher population in 2005 than 2000

2. Average house prices were the lowest/highest/tallest in 2000
3. Average house prices were lower/higher/fewer in 2000 than in 2005
4. In 2000, the population was the higher/greatest/lowest
5. The number of houses/sports centers/entertainment complexes built was higher in 2010
than in 2005
6. The number of house built in 2000 was lower/higher/the largest than that in 2010
7. The number of sport centres in 2005 was as many as/higher than/lower than that in 2010
8. The number of entertainment complexes in 2000 was ……………………..that in 2005
9. The population of Summerville in 2000 was ………………………………that in 2010
10. The number of sport centers in 2010 was ……………………………..that in 2000
EXERCISE 3: Viết mô tả phù hợp sử dụng các cấu trúc so sánh
54
The charts below show agricultural production in two different regions of the country.

1. So sánh vegetable ở Eastern và Western region

2. So sánh diary products ở Eastern và Western region
3. So sánh grain ở Eastern và Western region
4. So sánh meat ở Eastern và Western region
EXERCISE 4: Phân tích các biểu đồ sau
1. The chart shows the annual GDP growth rates in 3 countries from 2007 to 2010

2. The graph below shows the number of Asian elephants between 1997 and 2004

55
3. The graph below shows the amount of gold sold in Dubai between January and December

56
4. The graph below shows the average daily sales of selected food items at the Vista Café
by season.

5. The graph below shows the amount of wheat exports in 3 countries from 1985 to 1990,
measured in millions of tonnes

57
 UNIT 3: TASK 1 (cont)
1. Format tổng quát tất cả các dạng bài task 1
2. Luyện tập viết bài
I. Introduction: Xác định 5 thành phần của câu gồm (S, V, What, Where, When) và biến tấu
từng phần. Gợi ý:
- The number of + N (countable, plural) => How many + N + V
The chart shows the number of tourists to Lisbon in 2010 => The chart illustrates how many
people visited Lisbon in 2010
- The amount of + N (uncountable) => how much + N + V
The chart shows the amount of time spent on listening to music by young people in 2000 => The
chart illustrates how much time was spent on listening to music by young people in 2000.
- The percentage of + N => the proportion of + N
II. Overview: Xác định Trend (Upward/Downward) và Order (Biggest/Smallest), áp dụng
template
III. Practice
EXERCISE 1: Diễn đạt các đề bài sau theo cách khác
1. The bar chart shows the percentage of Internet users in 3 different countries from 2000 to
2010 ( Vietnam, America, Australia)
2. The given graph shows the number of Asian elephant from 2010 to 2015
3. The graph below shows the number of tourists visiting 2 different cities in summer in
2015 (Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh)
4. The line graph shows the number of houses constructed in the US by regions between
1950 and 2000
5. The table shows the number of hours per week spent on computer games by young
people
6. The pie charts show electricity production by sources in New Zealand in 1980 and 2010
7. The line graph shows the amount of money spent on 5 different items by consumers in
2002
8. The graph shows the figure for Dubai gold sales in 2003
9. The graph shows the average number of Vietnamese students studying in Portugal, Korea
and Japan between 2010 and 2017
10. The line graph shows the percentage of visitors to the website from 2000 to 2005
11. The graph gives information about Vietnamese government spending on Healthcare
system between 1980 and 2000
12. The pie chart shows the average household expenditures in Vietnam and Cambodia in
2015 (money spent on housing, transport, food, healthcare)

58
 13. The graph shows the average consumption of food in 2 countries between 2008 and 2014.
(Vietnam, France)
14. The graph shows the percentage of mobile phones owners in Vietnam in the year 2000,
2005 and 2010
15. The table shows the average domestic water use in 5 countries from 2000 to 2010 (The
UK, Portugal, Vietnam, Japan and Australia)
EXERCISE 2: Viết overview cho các biểu đồ thể hiện xu hướng sau
1. The chart below shows consumption of fast food by Australian teenagers from 1975 to
2000

2. The chart below shows the GDP growth per year for 3 countries between 2007 and 2010

59
3. The graph below compares changes in the birth rates of China and the US between 1920
and 2000

60
 UNIT 4: TASK 2
1. Tổng quát các dạng bài task 2
2. 3 cách viết lại câu
3. Format dạng bài Opinion
Bước 1: Tìm từ đồng nghĩa
Bước 2: Áp dụng 1 trong 3 cách sau (passive-active; word form; dummy subjects)
Ví dụ: Developed countries should help developing ones
=> should be supported
=> Should provide help for
=> It is important for …to V
EXERCISE 1: Viết câu theo các cách đã học
1. Using computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on children
2. Universities should accept equal numbers of men and women in every subject
3. Foreign languages instruction should begin in kindergarten
4. The quality of life in large cities is increasing
5. More and more people now own cars
6. Money is important in most people’s lives
7. Some people believe that the Internet creates many problems
8. Artists should receive funding from the government
9. Government should spend money on measures to save languages that are used by few
speakers
10. More and more people are travelling to other countries than ever before
11. In many countries, the level of crime is increasing
12. Some people think that it is better to educate boys and girls in separate schools
13. The number of older people is increasing
14. Some people say that the Internet is making the world smaller by bringing people together
15. In many countries, sports and exercise classes are replaced with the academic subjects
16. Even though globalization affects the world’s economies in a positive way, its negative
side should not be forgotten.
PRACTICE:
Some people say part-time jobs are useful for full-time students. Do you agree?

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 UNIT 5: REVISION TASK 1 & 2
Topic no 1: Some people think that it is more important to spend money on roads and motorways
than on public transport systems. To what extent do you agree?

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