Master Plumber

Review Book

Volume 1

 Plumbing Arithmetic

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan

Civil Engineer, Master Plumber
This exam review book was written to help those who want to pass the
Master Plumber Licensure Examination (MPLE) given by the
Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). This can also be used by
students and by practicing professionals as a reference book or textbook.

Author’s Profile:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan earned his Bachelor’s Degree in Civil

Engineering at Mountain Province State Polytechnic College – College
of Engineering and Technology, Tadian Mountain Province. He is a
Licensed Civil Engineer and Licensed Master Plumber. He passed the
Civil Engineer Licensure Examination on November 2006 and Master
Plumber Licensure Examination on July 2019. He has work experiences
in the Philippines, Libya, and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He is a former
College Instructor, Architectural/Structural Draughtsman, and Math
Tutor.
__________________________________________________________

Table of Contents

Illustrative Problems ……………….……………………… 1

Review Quiz ……………………………………….……… 10
 Plumbing Arithmetic Illustrative Problems 1
1. The ratio of the ages of person A to 3. In a contest there are two winners, first
person B is 1:3. Thirteen years from now the prize and second prize. The second prize is
ratio will be 1:2. What is the sum of their ₱800 more than the first prize. If the sum of
present ages? the first prize and second prize is ₱1600,
Solution: find the first prize.
Let A = present age of person A
B = present age of person B Solution:
At present, Let A be the first prize then the second prize
A 1 is A + 800.
B
=3

A + (A + 800) = 1600
B = 3A (eq. 1)
A + A + 800 = 1600
2A = 800
Thirteen years from now,
A+13 1 A = 400
B+13
=2
answer: ₱400
2A + 26 = B + 13
B – 2A = 26 – 13 4. The arithmetic mean of 6 numbers is 30.
B – 2A = 13 (eq. 2) If 3 numbers are removed, the new
arithmetic mean is 53. What is the arithmetic
Substitute (eq. 1) into (eq. 2), mean of the three numbers (removed)?
B – 2A = 13
3A – 2A = 13 Solution:
A = 13 total of the first set = 6(30) = 180
total of the second set = 3(53) = 159
It follows that sum of the three numbers = 180 – 159 = 21
B = 3A = 3(13) = 39 average of the three numbers = 21/3 = 7

So the sum of their ages is answer: 7

13 + 39 = 52
5. Find the 7th term of the expansion of
answer: 52 (x + 2y)20 ?

2. From the arithmetic progression shown, Solution:

find an. rth term = nCr-1 xn-r+1 yr-1
15 + 22 + 29 + … + an = 465 7th term = 20C6 x14(2y)6
7th term = 38760(x14)(64y6)
Solution: 7th term = 2480640 x14 64y6
The common difference is
d = 22 – 15 = 29 – 22 = 7 answer: 2480640 x14 64y6
n
S = 2 [2a1 + (n − 1)d] 6. If 4 and -8 are the roots of the quadratic
n equation Ax2 + Bx + C = 0, find the value C.
465 = 2 [2(15) + (n − 1)7]
930 = n[30 + (7n − 7)] Solution:
930 = n[23 + 7n] (x - 4)(x + 8) = 0
930 = 23n + 7n2 x2 + 8x -4x – 32 = 0
7n2 + 23n − 930 = 0 x2 + 4x – 32 = 0
A = 1; B = 4; C = -32
Find n using the quadratic formula,
−b±√b2 −4ac answer: -32
n= 2a
−23±�232 −4(7)(−930)
n= 7. A swimming pool is to be filled with
2(7)
−23±163 water. One pipe can fill the pool in 2 hours.
n= 14 Another pipe can fill the pool in 45 minutes.
−93
n = 10 or 7
If both pipes are used simultaneously, how
n = 10 many minutes will the pool be filled with
water.
an = a1 + (n − 1)d
a10 = 15 + (10 − 1)7 Solution:
a10 = 78 2 hours = 120 minutes
1 1 1
answer: 78 120
+ 45 = t

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Illustrative Problems 2
Solution:
11 1 360
360
= t; t = 11
= 32.72 minutes

answer: 32.72 minutes

8. The LCM and GCF of two numbers are 50

sin 45 = x
4992 and 4, respectively. If one of the
number is 128, what is the other number? x = 70.71 cm

Solution: answer: 70.71 cm

LCM(x,y) * GCF(x,y) = xy
(4992)(4) = 128y 14. Find the vertex of the parabola
y = 156 x2 – 12y + 6x – 39 = 0.

answer: 156 Solution:

Reduced the given equation to standard
9. A 3 m long plastic pipe has an outside form. By completing the square, we have
diameter of 122 mm and inside diameter of x2 + 6x + (6/2)2 = 12y + 39 + (6/2)2
100 mm, find its volume in mm3. x2 + 6x + 9 = 12y + 39 + 9
(x + 3)2 = 12y + 48
Solution: (x + 3)2 = 12(y + 4)
π V(-3,-4)
V= 4 (1222 - 1002)(3000) = 11,507,653.89
answer: V(-3,-4)
answer: 11,507,653.89 mm3
15. Find the length of the latus rectum of the
10. The highest temperature recorded was ellipse 16x2 + 25y2 – 96x – 50y – 231 = 0.
134.1°F. What is the value in °C?
Solution:
Solution: Reduced the equation to the standard form.
5
°C = 9 (°F - 32) By completing the square, we have
5 16x2– 96x + 25y2 – 50y – 231 = 0
°C = 9 (134.1 - 32) = 56.72°
16(x2-6x+9)+25(y2-2y+1) =
answer: 56.72°C
231+(16)(9)+(25)(1)
11. A plumber bought plumbing pipes and
16(x-3)2 + 25(y-1)2 = 400
fittings worth ₱1500. The value-added tax (x−3)2 (y−1)2
(VAT) was 12%. How much did the master + =1
25 16
plumber pay?
a2 = 25; a = 5
Solution: b2 = 16; b = 4
1500 + 0.12(1500) = ₱1680
2b2 2(16)
LR = = = 6.4
answer: ₱1680 a 5

12. The internal dimensions of a concrete answer: 6.4

storage tank in the form of a cuboid is 4m x
5m x 3m. Find the maximum volume of 16. A person borrowed an amount of ₱9000
water in gallons that can be stored. to be paid in 8 years. If the interest rate is
10% compounded semi-annually, find the
Solution: future worth?
1 m3 = 264 gallons
V = (4)(5)(3) = 60 m3 Solution:
264 gallons 0.10 (2)(8)
V = 60 m3� 1 m3 � = 15840 gallons F = P(1+i)n = 9000�1 + 2
�
F = ₱19645.87
answer: 15840 gallons
answer: ₱19645.87
13. A piping connection has an offset angle
of 45°. If the offset distance is 50 cm. Find 17. Find the equation of the tangent to the
the length of travel. circle x2 + y2 – 12x – 2y + 5 = 0 thru the
point (2,5).
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Illustrative Problems 3
Solution: Solution:
Reduced the equation of the circle to S = 4πr2
standard form. By completing the square, we 1809.56 = 4πr2
have r = 12 cm
x2 + y2 – 12x – 2y + 5 = 0 4 4
V = 3 πr 3 = 3 π(123 ) = 7238.23 cm3
x2 – 12x + 36 + y2 - 2y + 1 = -5 + 36 + 1
(x - 6)2 + (y - 1)2 = 32
answer: 7238.23 cm3
C(6,1)
r2 = 32; r = √32 = 4√2 21. The sum of the surface areas of two
spheres is 360π. If the ratio of their radii is
Find the slope of the radius thru points: (6,1) 1:3, find the sum of their volumes.
and (2,5).
5−1 4
m = 2−6 = −4 = -1 Solution:
r 1 R
The radius is perpendicular to the tangent
R
= 3; r = 3
line. The slopes of perpendicular lines are s + S = 360π
negative reciprocals. So the slope of the 4πr 2 + 4πR2 = 360π
tangent line is the negative reciprocal of -1. 4π(r 2 + R2 ) = 360π
mper = 1 R 2
4π �� 3 � + R2 � = 360π
From the point-slope form of an equation of R2
a line, + R2 = 90
9
y – y1 = m(x – x1) R = 9; It follows that: r = 3
4 4
y – 5 = 1(x - 2) Total Vol. = 3 π(93 ) + 3 π(33 ) = 1008π
y–5=x–2
x–y+3=0 answer: 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
answer: x – y + 3 = 0 22. A spherical sector has a height of 8 cm
and radius of 13 cm. Find its volume.
18. Find the centroid of a triangle with
consecutive vertices: (-4,3), (6,5) and (3,1). Solution:
Solution:
x +x +x −4+6+3 5
xc = 1 32 3 = 3 = 3
y1 +y2 +y3 3+5+1
yc = = =3
3 3

𝟓𝟓
answer: �𝟑𝟑 , 𝟑𝟑�
2 2
V = 3 πr 2 h = 3 π(132 )(8) = 2831.62 cm3
19. Find the area of the ellipse: 16x2– 96x +
25y2 – 50y – 231 = 0 answer: 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝟑𝟑
Solution: 23. A right circular cylinder 8 cm in
Reduced the equation to the standard form. diameter is filled with water to a height of 6
By completing the square, we have cm. A steel ball of diameter 4 cm is slowly
16x2– 96x + 25y2 – 50y – 231 = 0 placed in the cylinder. Find the height of
water rise in the cylinder.
16(x2-6x+9)+25(y2-2y+1) =
231+(16)(9)+(25)(1) Solution:
16(x-3)2 + 25(y-1)2 = 400
(x−3)2 (y−1)2
+ =1
25 16

a2 = 25; a = 5
b2 = 16; b = 4
A = πab = π(5)(4) = 20π = 62.83

answer: 62.83

20. The surface area of a sphere is

1809.56 cm2. Find its volume. Vsteel = Vwater rise

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Illustrative Problems 4
4
3
πr 3 = πR2 h r=2
4 A = 4π
3
(23 ) = (42 )h
2
h = 3 cm answer: 4π

𝟐𝟐 28. A wire 24 inches in length is bent to

answer: 𝟑𝟑
𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 form a closed semi-circle. Find its radius.

24. A cast iron in the shape of a perfect Solution:

sphere has a diameter of 4 inches. Find its
mass if the specific gravity is 7.03.

Solution:
2
r = 2 in. = 12
ft.
m
ρwater (s. g. ) = v
m
P = diameter + half of circumference
(62.4)(7.03) = 4 2 3
1
P = 2r + 2 (2πr)
π� �
3 12
m = 8.51 lbs. 24 = 2r + πr
r = 4.67 in.
answer: 8.51 lbs.
answer: r = 4.67 in.
25. The sum of five consecutive integers is
40. What is the sum of the 6th and 7th 29. Find the area of a piece of pizza with
integers? central angle of 40° and radius of 150 mm.

Solution: Solution:
Let x be the first integer, since the integers
are consecutive: the second integer is x + 1,
third integer is x + 2, fourth integer is x + 3,
and fifth integer is x + 4

x + x + 1 + x + 2 + x + 3 + x + 4 = 40
5x + 10 = 40 The piece of pizza is in the form of a
5x = 30 circular sector.
θ 40°
x=6 A= πr 2 =
360°
π(1502 )
360°
A = 7853.98 mm2
6th integer = x + 5 = 6 + 5 = 11
7th integer = x + 6 = 6 + 6 = 12 answer: 7853.98 mm2
6th integer + 7th integer = 11 + 12 = 23 30. The ratio of two supplementary angles is
2
7
, find the angles.
answer: 23

26. A water melon 12 inches in diameter Solution:

was cut into several pieces. One cut is in the The sum of supplementary angles is 180°.
shape of a spherical wedge with central The sum complementary angles is 90°.
angle of 45°, find its volume.
Let the first angle be x, then the second
Solution: angle is 180 – x.
Vwedge V
= sphere x 2
θ 360° =7
45 4 180−x
Vwedge = 360 �3� (π)(63 ) = 113.097 in3 7x = 360 – 2x
9x = 360
answer: 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝟑𝟑 x = 40°

27. The area and circumference of a circle It follows that the second angle is
are equal. Find the area of this circle. 180 – x = 140°

Solution: answer: 40° and 140°

A=C
πr 2 = 2πr

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Illustrative Problems 5
2
31. A regular decagon with area 105.8 cm is A = �s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
inscribed in a circle. Find the circumference
A = �21(8)(7)(6) = 84 cm2
of the circumscribed circle.

Solution: answer: 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝟐𝟐

33. An arrow is released from the bow at an

initial velocity of 40 m/s. What is the
maximum range and maximum height?

Solution:
The maximum range occurs when the initial
launched angle is 45°.
A regular decagon is composed of 10
Vo 2 Sin 2θ �402 �[sin(2∗45)]
isosceles triangles. The area of one triangle R= g
= = 163.1 m
9.81
is Voy 2
(40 sin 45)2
105.8
A = 10 = 10.58 H= = = 40.77 m
2g 2∗9.81

answer: 163.1 m and 40.77 m

34. The ratio of areas of two similar

triangles is 6:96. Find the ratio of the
corresponding sides.

The area of a triangle can be, Solution:

1 1 1 The ratio of areas of two similar polygons is
A = 2 abSin C = 2 bcSin A = 2 acSin B
equal to the ratio of the squares of their
Applying this formula, the area of one corresponding sides.
isosceles triangle is
1 360
A = 2 (r)(r)Sin ϕ; ϕ = 10 = 36° A1 x2
= y2
1 A2
10.58 = 2 (r 2 )(Sin 36) 6 x2
96
= y2
r=6
C = 2πr = 2π(6) = 12π Extract the square root of both sides, we get
x 1
y
= 4
answer: 12π 𝟏𝟏
answer: 𝟒𝟒
32. Three circles with diameters 12 cm, 14
cm and 16 cm are externally tangent to each 35. The area of a trapezoid with a height of
other. Find the area of the triangle formed 4 m is 42 m2. Find the lengths of the bases if
by joining the centers of the three circles. they are in the ratio 2:5.

Solution:

Solution:

The ratio of the bases is

a 2
b
=5
2b
a= 5
(eq. 1)

h
A = 2 (a + b)
4
42 = 2 (a + b)
By Heron’s Formula, 84 = 4(a + b)
s=
13+14+15
= 21 21 = a + b
3
s – a = 21 – 13 = 8 Substitute (eq. 1) into the above equation.
s – b = 21 – 14 = 7 2b
s – c = 21 – 15 = 6 21 = 5 + b

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Illustrative Problems 6
7b 𝟐𝟐
21 = 5 answer: 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢
b = 15 m
39. In a right triangle, one side is longer than
the other by 35 cm. Find the area of this
It follows that
triangle in cm2 if the hypotenuse is 65 cm.
a=6m
Solution:
answer: 6 m and 15 m
Let x be the first side, then the second side is
x + 35. In a right triangle, the sum of the
36. The sum of the interior angles of a
squares of the two legs (perpendicular sides)
regular polygon is 3240°. Find the number
is equal to the square of the longest leg
of sides of this polygon.
(hypotenuse).
Solution:
x 2 + (x + 35)2 = 652
s = (180°)(n-2)
3240° = (180°)(n-2) x 2 + x 2 + 70x + 1225 = 4225
18 = n-2 2x 2 + 70x − 3000 = 0
n = 20 x 2 + 35x − 1500 = 0

answer: 20 You can solve for x by factoring or by using

the quadratic formula. By using the
37. Find the number of sides of a polygon quadratic formula, we have
with 104 diagonals.
−b±√b2 −4ac
x= 2a
Solution: −35±�(35)2 −4(1)(−1500)
n
d = 2 (n − 3) x= 2(1)
n −35±85
104 = 2 (n − 3) x= 2
208 = n(n − 3) x = 25 or − 60
208 = n2 + 3n x = 25 cm
n2 − 3n − 208 = 0
It follows that the second side is 60 cm.
You can solve for n by factoring or by using
1 1
the quadratic equation. By using the A = 2 bh = 2 (25)(60) = 750 cm2
quadratic equation,
answer: 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝟐𝟐
Find n using the quadratic formula,
−b±√b2 −4ac
n= 40. Simplify i23 .
2a
3±�(−3)2 −4(1)(−208)
n= Solution:
2(1)
n= 2
3±29 i2 = −1
n = 16 or − 13 i23 = i ∗ (i2 )11 = i ∗ (−1)11 = −i
n = 16
answer: −𝐢𝐢
answer: 16
41. What is the absolute value of the
38. The diagonals of a rhombus are 20 complex number 4 + 8i?
inches and 10 inches, respectively. Find its
area. Solution:
The absolute value of the complex number
Solution:
(a + bi) is |a + bi| = √a2 + b 2 .

|4 + 8i| = √42 + 82 = 4√5

answer: 𝟒𝟒√𝟓𝟓
1
A = 2 d1 d2 42. Find the number of permutations of the
1
A = 2 (20)(10) word MASTER PLUMBER?
A = 100 inches 2
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Illustrative Problems 7
The permutations of n objects of which x are Total number of balls is 4 + 5 + 7 = 16
alike of one kind, y are alike of another kind The probability that all drawn balls are black
n! is
and so on is P = x!y!…
7 6 5 1
For the word MASTER PLUMBER, it has P3−black = 16 ∗ 15 ∗ 14 = 16
2-M’s, 2-E’s and 2-R’s. It has 13 letters.
𝟏𝟏
answer: 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
n! 13!
P = x!y!… = 2!2!2! = 778377600
48. The lengths of the two sides of a
answer: 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 triangular lot is 16 meters and 10 meters. If
the angle between these two sides is 45°,
43. How many ways can 11 master plumbers find the length of the side opposite the given
be seated in a round table? angle.

Solution: Solution:
P = (n-1)! = (11-1)! = 10! = 3628800

answer: 3628800 ways

44. In how many ways can an organization

of 20 members choose a president, a vice-
president and a secretary. No member can Let x be the missing side. By cosine law
hold more than one position.
x 2 = 162 + 102 − 2(16)(10)(cos 45)
Solution: x = 11.39 meters
P = 20(19)(18) = 6840
answer: 11.39 meters
answer: 6840 ways
49. The adjacent sides of a triangle are 10
45. If four coins are tossed, what is the meters and 16 meters and the included angle
probability of getting 4 tails. is 55°. Find the length of the triangle
opposite angle 55°.
Solution:
If one coin is tossed, the probability of Solution:
1
getting one tail is 2. So if four coins are
tossed, the probability of getting four tails is

1 4 1
P = �2� = 16

𝟏𝟏 Let y be the side opposite angle 55°. By

answer: 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 cosine law,

46. An HR officer of a company will hire 4 y 2 = 162 + 102 − 2(16)(10)(cos 55)

Civil Engineers from 8 applicants, 4 y = 13.13 m.
Mechanical Engineers from 9 applicants, 2
Master Plumbers from 4 applicants and 3 answer: 13.13 m.
Electrical Engineers from 7 applicants. In
how many ways can he do this? 49. From the top of Building A, the angle of
Solution: depression at the top of Building B is 30°.
P = (8C4)(9C4)(4C2)(7C3) = 1852200 The two buildings are in a level ground and
the distance between them is 20.78 m. If the
answer: 1852200 height of Building B is 12 m, find the height
of Building A.
47. A box contains balls of the same size but
different colors. It has 4 red balls, 5 blue Solution:
balls and 7 black balls. If three balls are
drawn in succession without replacement,
what is the probability that all balls are From the figure,
x
black. tan 30° = 20.78
x = 12 m
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Illustrative Problems 8
h = 12 + 12 = 24 m h
sin 35 = 52.86
h = 30.3 m
answer: 24 m
answer: 30.3 m
50. The ratio of the interior angles of a
triangle is 4:3:1, find the angles.
52. In a survey of students about their
favourite subjects:
Solution:
35 like Math only
The sum of the interior angles of a triangle
22 like English only
is 180°.
20 like History only
Since the ratio is 4:3:1, the total is 4+3+1=8.
12 like both History and Math
4 19 like both English and Math
First Angle = 8 (180°) = 22.5° 16 like both History and English
10 like the three subjects
3
Second Angle = 8 (180°) = 67.5° No students do not like any of the subjects.
How many students were surveyed?
1
Third Angle = 8 (180°) = 22.5° Solution:
By Venn Diagram,
Alternate Solution:
4x + 3x + x = 180°
x = 22.5°

3x = (3)(22.5°) = 67.5°

4x = (4)( 22.5°) = 90°

answer: 22.5°, 67.5° and 90°

51. A person is standing in front of a Number of Students Surveyed

flagpole and observes that the angle of = 35 + 2 + 10 + 9 + 22 + 6 + 20 = 104
elevation on top of the flagpole is 20°, she
walks 40 m closer to the flagpole and answer: 104
observes that the angle of elevation on top of
the flagpole is 35°. What is the height of the 53. Find the sum of all odd numbers from 0
flagpole? to 102.

Solution: Solution:
1 + 3 + 5 + … + 101 = s

The sequence of numbers forms an AP with:

d = 2; a1 = 1 and an = 101

an = a1 + (n − 1)d
From the figure, 101 = 1 + (n − 1)2
35° + θ = 180° 100 = 2n − 2
θ = 145° 102 = 2n
n = 51
Considering the rightmost triangle,
β + θ + 20° = 180° n 51
s = 2 (a1 + an ) = (1 + 101) = 2601
β + 145° + 20° = 180° 2
β = 15°
Considering the rightmost triangle and answer: 2601
applying sine law,
x 40 54. Find the sum of four arithmetic means
sin 20
= sin β
between 9 and 34.
x 40
sin 20
= sin 15
x = 52.86 m Solution:
Since there are four arithmetic means, the
Considering the leftmost triangle, number of terms is six. The sequence of
h numbers is
sin 35 = x 9,__,__,__,__,34

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Illustrative Problems 9
−3
x> 4
an = a1 + (n − 1)d
Note: Reverse the inequality if we multiply
34 = 9 + (6 − 1)d or divide both sides by a negative number.
25 = 5d
d=5 −𝟑𝟑
answer: 𝟒𝟒
The sequence of numbers is
9, 14, 19, 24, 29, 34 58. Find the GCF of 20, 50 and 120.

The sum of the four arithmetic means is Solution:

s = 14 + 19 + 24 + 29 + 34 = 86 GCF means Greatest Common Factor. Prime
factorize the given numbers. Prime numbers
answer: 86 are 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23 .. etc ..

55. Find the sum of three geometric means 20 = 2*2*5 = 22*5

between 6 and 96. 50 = 2*5*5 = 2*52
120 = 2*2*2*3*5 = 23*3*5
Solution:
Since there are three geometric means, the Get the lowest power of the shared factor.
number of terms is five. The sequence of The shared factors are 2 and 5. The lowest
numbers is power of 2 is 1 and the lowest factor of 5 is
6,__,__,__,96 1.

an = a1 r n−1 GCF = 2*5 = 10

96 = 6(r)5−1
16 = r 4
r=2

The sequence of numbers is

6, 12, 24, 48, 96

The sum of the three geometric means is

s = 12 + 24 + 48 = 84

answer: 84

56. The geometric mean and arithmetic

mean of two numbers is 8 and 10,
respectively. Find the harmonic mean.

Solution:
(GM)2 = (AM)(HM)
(8)2 = (10)(HM)
HM = 6.4

answer: 6.4

57. Solve the inequality. -4x + 5 < 8

Solution:
-4x + 5 < 8
Transposed 5 to the other side of the
inequality and changed the sign or add -5 to
both sides then simplify to isolate -4x on the
left side. We get

-4x < 3
Divide both sides by -4.
−4x 3
−4
< −4

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 10
1. acute angle. An angle with a degree 16. even number. A number that can be
measure less than 90°. exactly divided by two.

2. base of a triangle. The side on which it 17. A conclusion or proposition based on

may be supposed to stand. incomplete information. conjecture

3. acute triangle. A triangle in which all of 18. area. The number of square units needed
the angles are acute angles. to cover a surface.

4. consumer goods and services. Those 19. unitary elasticity of demand. Occurs
products or services that are directly used by when the mathematical product of volume
people to satisfy their wants. and price is constant.

5. producer goods and services. They are 20. Two trains, each having a speed of 30
used to produce consumer goods and kph, are headed at each other on the same
services or other producer goods. straight track. A bird that can fly 60 kph
flies off the front of one train when they are
6. adjacent angles. Two angles that lie in 60 km apart and heads directly for the other
the same plane, have a common vertex and a train. On reaching the other train, the bird
common side, but no common interior flies directly back to the first train, and so
points. forth. What is the total distance the bird
travels before the trains collide?
7. circle. A plane figure bounded by a Solution:
curved line called the circumference, every
point of which is equally distant from a
point within (called the center).

8. necessities. Those products and services

that are required to support human life and The two trains are headed to each other until
activities, that will be purchased in collision. The time frame until collision is
somewhat the same quantity even though the also the time frame the bird travels. The
price varies considerably. time frame until collision is
d = Vt
9. altitude. In a triangle, a segment from a 30 km = (30 kph)(t)
vertex of the triangle to the line containing t = 1 hour
the opposite side and perpendicular to that
side. The total travel distance of the bird is
dB = VBt = (60 kph)(1 hour) = 60 km
10. luxuries. Those products or services that
are desired by humans and will be purchased 21. elastic demand. Occurs when a decrease
if money is available after the required in selling price result in a greater than
necessities have been obtained. proportionate increase in sales.

11. apothem. A segment that is drawn from 22. One second is the time taken by
the center of a regular polygon 9192631770 oscillations of the light (of a
perpendicular to a side of the polygon. specified wavelength) emitted by a cesium-
133 atom.
12. geometry. That branch of pure
mathematics that deals with the 23. inelastic demand. Occurs when a
measurements, properties, and relationships decrease in the selling price produces a less
of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids. than proportionate increase in sales.

13. The meter is the length of the path 24. altitude. In a prism or cylinder, a
travelled by light in a vacuum during a time segment perpendicular to the bases with an
interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second. endpoint in each plane.

14. arc. A part of a circle that is defined by 25. complex fraction. A fraction whose
two endpoints. numerator or denominator is called a
fraction.
15. demand. The quantity of a certain
commodity that is bought at a certain price 26. 6 x 106 meters. What is the approximate
at a given place and time. radius of Earth?

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 11
27. A man deposited an amount of ₱1,000 in 38. center. The central point where radii
a bank savings account that pays interest at a form a locus of points called a circle.
rate of 8% per year.
i. How much will she have at the end of 3 39. acre-foot. Defined as the volume of
years at simple interest? water that will cover 1 acre of land to a
ii. How much will she have at the end of 3 depth of 1 foot.
years at compound interest?
Solution: 40. Simplify: √32 · √2
i. F = P(1 + in) Solution: √32 · √2 = �32(2) = √64 = 8
where: P = principal
i = rate of interest for a single 41. Last year a man deposited an amount of
period money that earned an interest of $5000 this
n = number of periods year. If the rate of return was 6% per year,
F = 1000[1 + (0.08)(3)] = ₱ 1240 how much did he deposit last year?
Solution:
ii. F = P(1 + i)n I = Pin
where: P = principal 5000 = P(0.06)(1)
i = rate of interest for a single P = $83,333
period
n = number of periods 42. altitude. In a pyramid or cone, the
F = 1000(1 + 0.08)3 = ₱ 1259.712 segment that has the vertex as one endpoint
and is perpendicular to the base.
28. greatest common divisor. The greatest
number that will exactly divide two or more 43. compound fraction. A fraction of a
numbers. fraction.
2
3x2 y
29. Simplify: �4zy2 �
44. congruent triangles. Triangles that have
Solution:
2 their corresponding parts congruent.
3x2 y 9x4 y2 9x4
�4zy2 � = 2 4 = 2 2
16z y 16z y
45. supply. The quantity of a certain
commodity that is offered for sale at a
30. Write in scientific notation:
certain price at a given place and time.
0.000040483. answer: 4.0483 x 10-5
46. 7 x 1022 kilograms. Which of the
31. axiom. A statement that is accepted as
following is the approximate mass of the
true.
moon?
32. law of supply and demand. Under
47. How many significant digits are there in
conditions of a perfect competition the price
680.0910? answer: 7
at which a given product will be supplied
Significant digit rules:
and purchased is the price that will result in
i. Nonzero digits are always significant.
the supply and the demand being equal.
ii. In whole numbers, zeros are
significant if they fall between nonzero
33. factors. One of two or more quantities
digits.
that, when multiplied together, produce a
iii. In decimal numbers greater than or
given quantity.
equal to 1, every digit is significant.
iv. In decimal numbers less than 1, the
34. Which of the following is the formula
first nonzero digit and every digit to its right
for the density of a material?
𝐦𝐦 are significant.
answer: 𝛒𝛒 = 𝐕𝐕
35. axis. In a cylinder, the segment with 48. The displacement of a particle is the
endpoints that are the centers of the bases. In change in its position.
a cone, the segment with endpoints that are
the vertex and the center of the base. 49. algebraic expression. It is a
combination of letters (variables) and real
36. axis. In a right triangle, what is the side numbers (constants) combined using the
opposite the right angle? operations of addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, and exponentiation.
37. If a is a real number then the absolute
value of a is _____. 50. center of rotation. A fixed point around
answer: |a| which shapes move in a circular motion to a
new position.
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 12
51. perfect competition. Occurs in a 63. Find the coordinates of X if Y(-1/2, -1)
situation where a commodity or service is ���� and Z has coordinates
is the midpoint of XZ
supplied by a number of vendors and there is (-4, -6).
nothing to prevent additional vendors Solution:
entering the market. Use the midpoint formula.
x +x
x = 12 2
52. Earth rotates 360° in about 24 hours. −1 x −4
2
= 12
53. What is the radius of a circle the area of -1 = x1 – 4
which is equal to that of a rectangle whose x1 = 3
sides are 26.9 and 12.5 inches, respectively?
y1 +y2
Solution: y= 2
Acircle = Atriangle y1 −6
−1 = 2
πr2 = (26.9)(12.5)
r = 10.346 inches -2 = y1 – 6
y1 = 4
54. altitude. In a parallelogram, any
segment perpendicular to the bases, with The coordinates of X are (3,4).
endpoints on each base.
64. A particle’s position on the x-axis is
55. improper fraction. A fraction whose given by x = 4 – 27t + t3.
numerator equals or exceeds its i. Find the particle’s velocity function v(t).
denominator. ii. Find the particle’s acceleration function
a(t).
56. vector quantity. A quantity that has Solution:
both direction and a magnitude. i. To get the velocity function v(t),we
differentiate the position function x(t) with
57. central angle. An angle that intersects a respect to time. Differentiating the position
circle in two points and has its vertex at the function, we get
center of the circle. v = -27 + 3t2

58. Which of the following is an example of ii. To get the acceleration function a(t), we
a vector quantity? differentiate the velocity function v(t) with
a. length respect to time. Differentiating the velocity
b. area function, we get
c. displacement (answer) a = 6t
d. volume
65. if-then statement. A compound
59. multiple. Any number exactly divisible statement of the form “if A, then B,” where
by that number. A and B are statements.

60. Find the distance between the points 66. cone. A solid with a circular base, a
M(6,2) and K(-4,-4)? vertex not contained in the same plane as the
Solution: base, and a lateral surface area composed of
all points in the segments connecting the
d = �(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2
vertex to the edge of the base.
MK = �(6 + 4)2 + (2 + 4)2
MK = �(10)2 + (6)2 67. concrete number. A number used to
MK = √100 + 36 designate objects or quantities.
MK = √136
68. You drive a truck along a straight road
MK = �4(34)
for 8.4 km at 70 kph, at which point the
MK = 2√34 truck runs out of gasoline and stops. Over
the next 30 min, you walk another 2 km
61. area. The surface included within the farther along the road to a gasoline station.
lines that bound a plane figure. i. What is your overall displacement from
the beginning of your drive to your arrival at
62. Which of the following illustrates the the station?
Commutative Property of Addition? ii. What is the time interval from the
a. ab = ba beginning of your drive to your arrival at the
b. a + b = b + a (answer) station?
c. (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
d. (ab)c = a(bc)
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 13
iii. What is your average velocity from the 76. Which of the following illustrates the
beginning of your drive to your arrival at the Distributive Property?
station? a. a(b + c) = ab + ac
Solution: b. (a + b)c = ac + bc
i. total displacement = 8.4 + 2 = 10.4 km c. Both a and b (answer)
ii. d = Vt d. a + 0 = a
8.4 = 70t
t = 0.12 hours 77. angle. The intersection of two non-
total time interval = 0.12 + 0.5 = 0.62 hours collinear rays at a common endpoint.
total distance 10.4
iii. Vave. = total time = 0.62 = 16.8 kph
78. integer. A number that represents whole
things.
69. Which of the following illustrates
Commutative Property of Multiplication?
79. a6 can be written as _____.
a. ab = ba (answer)
a. (a)(6)
b. a + b = b + a
b. a + a + a + a + a + a
c. (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
c. a·a·a·a·a·a (answer)
d. (ab)c = a(bc)
d. a3 + a3
70. compound statement. A statement
80. angle bisector. A ray that divides an
formed by joining two or more statements.
angle into two congruent angles.
71. Which of the following illustrates
81. The free-fall acceleration near Earth’s
Associative Property of Addition?
surface is -9.8 m/s2.___
a. ab = ba
b. a + b = b + a
82. In a Fibonacci sequence, each number is
c. (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) (answer)
the sum of the two preceding ones. What is
d. (ab)c = a(bc)
the next term in the Fibonacci sequence: 1,
1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, _____
72. ambiguous case of the Law of Sines.
answer: 34 + 55 = 89
Given the measures of two sides and a non-
included angle, there exist two possible
83. angle of depression. The angle between
triangles.
the line of sight and the horizontal when an
observer looks downward.
73. arithmetic. The science of numbers and
the art of computation.
84. angle of elevation. The angle between
the line of sight and the horizontal when an
74. Which of the following illustrates
observer looks upward.
Associative Property of Multiplication?
a. ab = ba
85. least common multiple. The least
b. a + b = b + a
number that is exactly divisible by two or
c. (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
more numbers.
d. (ab)c = a(bc) (answer)
86. The difference of the measures of two
75. A world’s land speed record was set by
complementary angles is 12°. Find the
Colonel John P. Stapp when in March 1954
measure of the smaller angle.
he rode a rocket-propelled sled that moved
Solution:
along a track at 1020 kph. He and the sled
Let x be the bigger angle, then the smaller
were brought to a stop in 1.4 s. In terms of g,
angle is x – 12. The sum of two
what acceleration did he experience while
complementary angles is 90°.
stopping? Note: g is the gravitational
x + (x - 12) = 90
acceleration (9.8 m/s2)
x + x – 12 = 90
Solution:
2x = 102
Convert first the speed 1020 kph to m/s,
km 1000 m 1 hr m x = 51°
1020 hr x 1 km x 3600 s = 283.33 s It follows that the smaller angle is
V 283.33 m/s m x – 12 = 51 – 12 = 39°
a = t = 1.4 s = 202.4 s2
In terms of the gravitational acceleration g,
87. mathematics. The science of quantity.
this is expressed as a multiple of 9.8 m/s2 as
follows:
202.4 m/s2
88. A baseball pitcher tosses a baseball up
a= = 21 g along a y-axis with an initial speed of 12
9.8 m/s2
m/s.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 14
i. How long does the ball reach its maximum 94. The measure of the supplement of an
height? angle is 60° less than three times the
ii. What is the ball’s maximum height above measure of the complement of the angle.
its release point? Find the measure of the angle.
iii. How long does the ball take to reach a Solution:
point 5 meter above its release point? Let x be the angle, then
Solution: 90 – x is the complement of the angle
V−V 0−12 m/s
i. t = a O = −9.8 m/𝑠𝑠2 = 1.22 s 180 – x is the supplement of the angle
V2 −VO 2 0−(12)2
ii. y = = = 7.35 m 180 – x = 3(90 - x) – 60
2a 2(−9.8)
1 2 180 – x = 270 – 3x – 60
iii. y = VO t + 2 gt 3x – x = 270 – 180 – 60
1
5 = 12t + 2 (−9.8)t 2 2x = 30
4.9t2 – 12t + 5 = 0 x = 15°
By using the quadratic formula,
−b±√b2 −4ac 12±�(−12)2 −4(4.9)(5) 95. A circle is circumscribed about a
t= = polygon if the circle contains all the vertices
2a 2(4.9)
12±√46 of the polygon.
t= : t = 1.92 s and t = 0.532 s
9.8
96. mensuration. The process of measuring.
89. The midpoint of line segment JL is point
K, if JK is 3x – 4 and KL is 5x – 26, find the 97. Which of the following is not a prime
length of JK. number?
Solution: a. 127
Since K is the midpoint, JK = KL. We have, b. 27 (answer)
3x – 4 = 5x – 26 c. 37
26 – 4 = 5x – 3x d. 17
22 = 2x
x = 11 98. angle of rotation. The angle through
JK = 3(11) – 4 = 29 which a pre-image is rotated to form the
image.
90. Lines A and B are intersecting lines. If
∠3 = 30°, find ∠1 and ∠2 . 99. convex polygon. A polygon for which
there is no line that contains both a side of
the polygon and a point in the interior of the
polygon.

100. composite number. A positive integer

which is not a prime.

Solution: 101. centroid. The point of concurrency of

Since ∠3 and ∠1 are vertical angles, the medians of a triangle.
∠1 = ∠3 = 30°
102. cone. A body having a circular base,
Since line A is a straight line, and whose convex surface tapers uniformly
∠1 + ∠2 = 180° to the vertex.

It follows that, 103. monopoly. The opposite of perfect

∠2 = 180° – 30° = 150° competition.

91. measure. That by which the extent, 104. power. The product arising from
quantity, capacity, volume, or dimensions in multiplying a number.
general are ascertained by some fixed
standard. 105. chord. For a given circle, a segment
with endpoints that are on the circle. For a
92. perfect number. A positive integer that given sphere, a segment with endpoints that
is equal to the sum of its divisors. An are on the sphere.
example is: 6 = 1 + 2 + 3
106. oligopoly. Exists when there are so few
93. hypothesis. In a conditional statement, suppliers of a product or service that action
the statement that immediately follows the by one will almost inevitably result in
word if. similar action by the others.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 15
107. number. A unit or collection of units. 126. discrete compounding. The interest is
compounded at the end of each finite –
108. The cost of money is established and length period, such as a month, a quarter or
measured by an interest rate, a percentage a year.
that is periodically applied and added to an
amount of money over a specified length of 127. continuous compounding. It is
lime. assumed that cash payments occur once per
year, but compounding is continuous
109. numerator. The part of a fraction that throughout the year.
is above the line and signifies the number of
parts of the denominator taken. 128. concave polygon. A polygon for which
there is a line containing a side of the
110. root. A factor repeated to produce a polygon that also contains a point in the
power. interior of the polygon.

111. circle. The locus of all points in a 129. proper fraction. A fraction whose
plane equidistant from a given point called numerator is less than its denominator.
the center of the circle.
130. deductive reasoning. A system of
112. corollary. A theorem connected by a reasoning that uses facts, rules, definitions,
short proof to an existing theorem. or properties to reach logical conclusions.

113. percentage. Rate per hundred. 131. discount. On a negotiable paper is the
difference between the present worth and the
114. cylinder. A figure with bases that are worth of the paper at some time in the
formed by congruent circles in parallel future.
planes.
132. quantity. That which can be increased,
115. rule. A prescribed method of diminished, or measured.
performing an operation.
133. diagonal. In a polygon, a segment that
116. perpendicular of a right triangle. The connects two non-consecutive vertices of the
side that forms a right angle with the base. polygon.

117. circumcenter. The point of 134. Law of Diminishing Returns. “When

concurrency of the perpendicular bisectors the use of one of the factors of production is
of a triangle. limited, either in increasing cost or by
absolute quantity, a point will be reached
118. triangle. A polygon with 3 edges. beyond which an increase in the variable
factors will result in a less than a
119. coplanar. Points that lie in the same proportionate increase in output.”
plane.
135. collinear. Points that lie on the same
120. scale. The order of progression on line.
which any system of notation is founded.
136. interest. The amount of money paid for
121. pentagon. A polygon with 5 edges. the use of borrowed capital or the income
produced by money which has been loaned.
122. circumference. The distance around a
circle. 137. diameter. In a circle, a chord that
passes through the center of the circle. In a
123. factors of a number. Factors are sphere, a segment that contains the center of
numbers that, when multiplied together, the sphere, and has endpoints that are on the
make that number. sphere.

124. square. A rectangle whose sides are 138. discount. Interest paid in advance.
equal.
139. simple fraction. A fraction whose
125. deductive argument. A proof formed numerator and denominator are whole
by a group of algebraic steps used to solve a numbers.
problem.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 16
140. cubic measure. A measure of volume 157. exact simple interest. A simple
involving three dimensions, namely, length, interest based on the exact number of days
breadth, and thickness. in a year, 365 days for an ordinary year and
366 days for a leap year.
141. fraction. A number that expresses parts
of a whole thing or quantity. 158. hemisphere. One of the two congruent
parts into which a great circle separates a
142. complementary angles. Two angles sphere.
with measures that have a sum of 90°. 159. inflation. The increase in the prices for
goods and services from one year to another,
143. prime number. An integer that has thus decreasing the purchasing power of
exactly two positive factors: itself and 1. money.

144. simple interest. Interest calculated 160. radius. In a circle, a line extending
using the principal only. from its center to any point on the
circumference; it is one half the diameter.
145. quadrilateral. A polygon with 4 edges.
161. congruence transformations. A
146. conclusion. In a conditional statement, mapping for which a geometric figure and
the statement that immediately follows the its image are congruent.
word then.
162. denominator. The part of a fraction
147. decimal scale. A scale in which the that is below the line signifying division.
order of progression is uniformly ten.
163. cash-flow diagram. A graphical
148. converse. The statement formed by representation of cash flows drawn on a time
exchanging the hypothesis and conclusion of scale.
a conditional statement.
164. inscribed. A polygon is
149. slant height. In a cone, a straight line _______________ in a circle if each of its
from the vertex to the circumference of the vertices lie on the circle.
base.
165. radius. In a sphere, a straight line
150. composite figure. A figure that can be drawn from the center to any point on the
separated into regions that are basic figures. surface.

151. demonstration. The process of 166. diameter of a circle. A line passing

reasoning by which a truth or principle is through its center and terminated at both
established. ends by the circumference.

152. slant height. In a pyramid, the 167. right triangle. A triangle that has a
perpendicular distance from its vertex to one right angle.
of the sides of the base.
168. inductive reasoning. Reasoning that
153. disjunction. A compound statement uses a number of specific examples to arrive
formed by joining two or more statements at a plausible generalization or prediction.
with the word or.
169. heptagon. A polygon with 7 edges.
154. sphere. A body bounded by a
uniformly curved surface, all the points of 170. concurrent lines. Three or more lines
which are equally distant from a point that intersect at a common point.
within called the center.
171. diameter of a sphere. A straight line
155. great circle. For a given sphere, the passing through the center of a sphere, and
intersection of the sphere and a plane that which is terminated at both ends by its
contains the center of the sphere. surface.

156. ordinary simple interest. A simple 172. nonagon. A polygon with 9 edges.
interest computed on the basis of 12 months
of 30 days each or 360 days a year. 173. frustum. The part of a solid that
remains after the top portion has been cut by
a plane parallel to the base.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 17
174. hexagon. A polygon with 6 edges. 192. equiangular triangle (equiangular
triangle is also equilateral). A triangle with
175. incenter. The point of concurrency of all angles congruent.
the angle bisectors of a triangle.
193. dodecagon. A polygon with 12 edges.
176. nominal rate of interest. Specifies the
rate of interest and a number of interest 194. equilateral triangle. A triangle with
periods in one year. all sides congruent.

177. effective rate of interest. It is the 195. icosagon. A polygon with 20 edges.
actual or exact rate of interest on the
principal during one year. 196. indirect reasoning. Reasoning that
assumes that the conclusion is false and then
178. triangle. A plane figure bounded by shows that this assumption leads to a
three sides, and having three angles. contradiction of the hypothesis or some
other accepted fact, like a postulate,
179. simple interest. Interest earned on only theorem, or corollary.
the principal amount during each interest
period. 197. exterior angle. An angle formed by
one side of a triangle and the extension of
180. uniform scale. A scale in which the another side.
order of progression is the same throughout
the entire succession of units. 198. hectogon or hecatontagon. A polygon
with 100 edges.
181. In a triangle, the angle formed by two
sides is called the included angle for those 199. inverse. The statement formed by
two sides. negating both the hypothesis and conclusion
of a conditional statement.
182. included side. The side of a triangle
that is a side of each of two angles. 200. chiliagon. A polygon with 1000 edges.
a c
183. octagon. A polygon with 8 edges. 201. In the proportion b = d , identify the
extremes.
184. conditional statement. A statement a. a and c
that can be written in if-then form. b. b and c
c. a and d (answer)
185. compound interest. Interest earned in d. c and d
each period is calculated based on the total
amount at the end of the previous period. 202. The quantity (1 + i)n is commonly
This total amount includes the original called _____.
principal plus the accumulated interest. a. single payment present worth factor
b. single payment compound amount
186. equation of value. Obtained by setting factor (answer)
the sum of the values on a certain c. uniform series present worth factor
comparison or focal date of one set of d. sinking fund factor
obligations equal to the sum of the values on
the same date of another set of obligations. 203. Solve: 6(x + 9) = 4 – 10x
Step 1: 6x + 54 = 4 – 10x
187. decagon. A polygon with 10 edges. Step 2: -16x = -50
Step 3: x = 50/16
188. congruent. Having the same measure. Step 4: x = 25/8
Which is the first incorrect step in the
189. compound interest. Interest on top of solution shown above?
interest. a. Step 1
b. Step 2 (answer)
190. equal vectors. Vectors that have the c. Step 3
same magnitude and direction. d. Step 4
191. kilogram. Defined to be the mass of a 204. The quantity (1 + i)−n is commonly
particular cylinder of platinum–iridium alloy called single payment present worth
kept at the International Bureau of Weights factor.
and Measures at Sèvres, near Paris

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 18
205. With equal perimeters which of the 208. A line segment where the faces of a
following has the largest area? polygon intersect.
a. square answer: edge of a polygon
b. circle
c. regular hexagon 209. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion
d. equilateral triangle in the conditional statement: If two angles
are supplementary, then the sum of the
Solution: measures of the angles is 180°.
Assume a perimeter of 10 units then a. Hypothesis: If two angles are
calculate the area of each given shape. supplementary
a. square Conclusion: then the sum of the measures
s = 10/4 = 2.5 of the angles is 180°.
A = 2.52 = 6.25 b. Hypothesis: two angles are
supplementary
b. circle Conclusion: the sum of the measures of
10 = 2πr the angles is 180° (answer)
r = 1.59 c. Hypothesis: angles are supplementary
A = π(1.59)2 = 7.94 Conclusion: then the sum of the measures
of the angles is 180°
c. regular hexagon d. Hypothesis: If two angles are
let x be the side length supplementary
x = 10/6 = 5/3 Conclusion: the sum of the measures of
A regular hexagon is composed of 6 the angles is 180°
equilateral triangles. So we get the area of
one equilateral triangle and multiply it by 6. Note: The hypothesis of a conditional
A = 6(1/2)(5/3)2 (sin 60) = 7.22 statement is the phrase immediately
following the word if. The conclusion of a
d. equilateral triangle conditional statement is the phrase
y = 10/3 immediately following the word then.
A = (1/2)(10/3)2 (sin 60) = 4.81
210. Evaluate the sum. ∑4x=1 x 2 (x − 3)
Answer: circle Solution:
∑4x=1 x 2 (x − 3)
206. If $1500 is deposited today, what = 12(1-3) + 22(2-3) + 32(3-3) + 42(4-3)
should be the nominal rate of interest so that = -2 – 4 + 0 + 16
it is equivalent to $2007 at the end of 5 = 10
years?
a x
Solution: 211. In the equation x = b , which of the
F = P(1 + i)n following is the right term for x.
2007 = 1500(1 + i)5 a. arithmetic mean
1.338 = (1 + i)5 b. geometric mean (answer)
Raised both sides to 1/5 to eliminate the c. harmonic mean
exponent. d. GCD
1 1
1.3385 = [(1 + i)5 ]5
1.06 = 1 + i 212. The consecutive vertices of a triangle
i = 6% are (-3,-1), (-1,3), and (4,-1). Find its area.
Solution:
207. At a point 50 feet from the base of a The area of a polygon, given the coordinates
flagpole, the angle of elevation from the of its vertices, is given by the formula
ground to the top of the pole is 65°. What is
the height of the flagpole? 1 x1 x2 x3 … xn x1
A = 2 �y y2 y3 … yn y1 �
Solution: 1
x
tan 65 = 50 1 −3 4 −1−3
A = 2� �
x = 50 tan 65 = 107 feet −1 −1 3 −1

Multiply diagonally downward then get the

sum of the products. Then multiply
diagonally upward then get the sum of the
products. Sum of products diagonally
downward minus sum of products
diagonally upward equals the determinant.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 19
1
A = 2 [(−3)(−1) + (4)(3) + (−1)(−1)] answer: variable cost
1
- [(−1)(4) + (−1)(−1) + (3)(−3)] 219. Evaluate: n3 – 3n2 + 3n – 1 for n = 3.
2
Solution:
1
A = 2 [3 + 12 + 1 − (−4 + 1 − 9)] n3 – 3n2 + 3n – 1 for n = 3
1 = (3)3 – 3(3)2 + 3(3) – 1
A = 2 [28] = 27 – 27 + 9 -1
A = 14 =8
220. Triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle
Note: 1. This is also known as the Shoelace with AB = BC. Line AD bisects angle A.
Formula or Gauss's area formula. Given that angle C = 72° and BD = 1 unit,
2. The direction of the coordinates (x1, find the length of DC.
x2, .. etc) must be counter-clockwise to
attain a positive value. If you mistakenly use
the clockwise direction, just get the absolute
value.

213. What power of 4 is equal to 8?

Solution:
4x = 8
(22)x = 23
22x = 23
2x = 3 Solution:
x = 3/2 = 1.5

214. geometric probability. It uses the

principles of length and area to find the
probability of an event.

215. The following are the fundamental

physical quantities except for _____.
a. projectile motion (answer)
b. mass
c. length
d. time

216. Costs that are unaffected by changes in Apply sine law on triangle ABD.
activity level over a feasible range of AB 1
sin 108
= sin 36
operations for the capacity or capability
available. It includes insurance and taxes on AB = 1.618 units
facilities, general management and
administrative salaries, license fees, and Apply sine law on triangle ABC.
AC AB 1.618
interest costs on borrowed capital. sin 36
= sin 72 = sin 72
answer: fixed cost AC = 1 unit

217. What is cos 105°? Apply sine law on triangle ADC.

Solution: DC AC 1
sin 36
= sin 72 = sin 72
Use the identity:
cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B DC = 0.618 units

cos 105° = cos (60° + 45°) 221. Figure 1 has 9 small triangles, figure 2
= cos 60° cos 45° – sin 60° sin 45° has 16 small triangles and figure 3 has 25
1 √2 √3 √2 small triangles. How many small triangles
= 2� 2 � − �2� does figure 4 have?
2
√2 √6
= − 4
4
√2−√6
= 4
218. Cost associated with an operation that
varies in total with the quantity of output or
other measures of activity level. An example
is the cost of material and labor used in a
product or service.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 20
n
Solution: F = P(1 + i)
Figure 1: 32 = 9 0.06 4(5)
F = 4000 �1 + � = $5387.42
Figure 2: 42 = 16 4
Figure 3: 52 = 25
Figure 4: 62 = 36 225. The formula for change of Centigrade
reading to Fahrenheit reading is _____.
𝟗𝟗
℉ = 𝟓𝟓 ℃ + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 (answer)
10a2 −15ab
226. Reduced to lowest terms: 4a2 −9b2
Solution:
10a2 −15ab 5a(2a−3b) 5a
4a2 −9b2
= (2a−3b)(2a+3b) = 2a+3b
222. In triangle ABC, AB = 3, angle A = 45°
Note: In the denominator, I used
and BC = √5. Find the length of AC.
x2 – y2 = (x - y)(x + y)
Solution:
227. The angle of elevation of the top of the
building at a distance 50 meters from its foot
on a horizontal plane is found to be 60°.
Find the height of the building.
Solution:

By cosine law,
(BC)2 = (AC)2 + (AB)2 –2 (AC)(AB)(cos45)
√2
5 = (AC)2 + 9 – 2(AC)(3)� 2 �
(AC)2 - 3√2 AC + 4 = 0
By using the quadratic formula, h
3√2±�(−3√2)2 −4(1)(4)
tan 60 = 50
−b±√b2 −4ac
AC = = h = 50 tan 60 = 86.6 meters
2a 2
3√2±√18−16
AC = 2 228. Marvin has thirty distinct books.
3√2±√2
AC = ; Simplify Eleven are science books, ten are history
2
3√2+√2 4√2 books and nine are math books. What is the
AC = = = 2√2 probability of getting a book that is not math
2 2
or book?
3√2−√2 2√2 Solution:
AC = = = √2
2 2 Total number of books = 30
Total number of books that is not math = 21
223. One of the world’s largest cut 21 7
P = 30 = 10
diamonds is the First Star of Africa. Its
volume is 1.84 cubic inches.
i. What is its volume in cubic centimeters? 229. From the top of a 30 meter high tower,
ii. What is its volume in cubic meters? a man is observing the base of a tree at an
Solution: angle of depression measuring 30°. Find the
1 in = 2.54 cm distance between the tree and the tower.
100 cm = 1 m Solution:

i. 1.84 in3 to cm3

2.54 cm 3
1.84 in3 � 1 in
� = 30.15 cm3

ii. 1.84 in3 to m3

1m 3
30.15 cm3 �100 cm� = 3.015 x 10−5 m3

224. If a man deposits $4000 into an

account paying 6% annual interest
compounded quarterly, how much money 30
tan 30 = x
will be in the account after 5 years? 30
Solution: x = tan 30 = 51.96 meters
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 21
230. A man has a circular garden with a The surface area is equal to the area of the
diameter of 15 feet surrounded by edging. four triangles plus the area of the square
Using the same length of edging, he is going base. We have
1
to create a square garden. What is the A = 4 �2� (8)�2√29� + 82 = 236.33 m2
maximum side length of the square?
The volume is
Solution: 1 1
C = πd = 15π (circumference of the circle) V = 3 Ab h = 3 (8)2 (10) = 213.33 m3
The perimeter of the square is equal to the
circumference of the circle. 236. platonic solids. The five regular
P = 15π polyhedra: tetrahedron, hexahedron,
The maximum side length of the square is octahedron, dodecahedron, or icosahedron.
x = 15π/4 = 11.78 ≈ 12 square feet
237. Marginal cost. The additional cost
231. A fair die is rolled twice. What is the incurred in the production of one more unit
probability that both rolls have a result of 6? of a good or service.
Solution:
Each roll is independent. If the first die roll 238. radian. Defined as the measure of the
is 6, it will not affect the probability of the central angle subtended by an arc of a circle
second die roll resulting in 6. equal to the radius of the circle.
The probability of rolling 6 is 1/6.
By using the product rule, 239. sunk cost. Cost that has occurred in the
past and has no relevance to estimates of
P = (1/6)(1/6) = 1/36 future costs and revenues related to an
alternative course of action.
232. The ratio of the circumferences of two
circles is 1:2, find the ratio of their areas? 240. In the unit grid shown below, find the
Solution: area of the composite figure in square units.
In two similar circles, the ratio of their areas
is the square of the ratio of their diameter, or
radius or circumference.
1 2 1
ratioareas = � � = = 1: 4
2 4

233. Round 8.187659678 x 10-14 to three

significant figures.
a. 8.19 x 10-14 (answer)
b. 8.188 x 10-14
c. 0.0000000000000818
d. 8.187659678 x 10-11

234. The additional cost or revenue that

results from increasing the output of a
system by one or more units. Solution:
answer: incremental cost There are four triangles and a rectangle at
235. The edge length of the base of a square the center. The area of the left and right
pyramid is 8 meters. If the height is 10 triangles is (2)(1/2)(6)(2) = 12. The area of
meters, find the surface area and volume of the top and bottom triangles is
this pyramid. (2)(1/2)(2)(3) = 6. The area of the rectangle
Solution: at the center is (4)(2) = 8. The area of the
composite figure is 12 + 6 + 8 = 26 square
units.

241. The standard approach angle for a

commercial pilot landing an aircraft
is 3°. If a pilot has a current elevation of
2,000 feet, how far in ground distance
should the plane be from the airport to attain
this angle?
Solution:
2000
tan 3 = y
2000
y = tan 3 = 38162 feet
L= √102 + 42 = 2√29
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 22

242. If you deposit £6500 into an

account paying 8% annual interest Solution:
compounded monthly, how much money The unshaded part is a sector of a circle
will be in the account after 7 years? (minor sector). The shaded part is also a
Solution: sector of a circle (major sector). We need to
F = P(1 + i)n find the central angle of the shaded part. The
0.08 7(12) central angle of the shaded part is
F = 6500 �1 + 12
� = £11358.24
360° - 70° = 290°.
θ
a = 360 A; where a = area of the sector
243. On a circle of radius 30 inches, the
length of the arc intercepted by a central θ = central angle in degrees
angle of 1/3 rad is _____. A = area of the circle
290
a = 360 (π)(40)2 = 4049.16 m2
Solution:
246. You borrow $15,000 from your credit
union to purchase a used car. The interest
rate on your loan is 0.25% per month and
you will make a total of 36 monthly
payments. What is your monthly payment?
Solution:
A[(1+i)n −1]
P= (1+i)n i
A�(1+0.0025)36 −1�
15000 = (1+0.0025)36(0.0025)
θ A = $436.2
c = 360° C; where c = arc length and
C = circumference of a circle 247. At what time after 7:00 will the hour
θ = central angle in degrees hand and the minute hand be in a straight
line?
Convert 1/3 radian to degrees. We know that Solution:
2π = 360°. If the minute hand moves a distance of x, the
1 360
3
rad �2π radian� = 19.1° hour hand moves a distance of x/12. A
straight line (180 degrees) is equivalent to
Now, use the formula.
19.1 30 minutes.
c = 360° (2)(π)(30) = 10 inches

244. Which of the following is one solution

of the equation 3x2 – 5x + 1 = 0?
Solution:
3x2 – 5x + 1 = 0
By using the quadratic formula,
−b±√b2 −4ac 5±�(−5)2 −4(3)(1)
x= =
2a 2(3)
5±√25−12 5±√13
x= =
6 6
The solutions are:
5+√13 5−√13
x= or x =
6 6

245. Shown in the figure below is circle β. It

has a radius of 40 meters. If the central angle
of the unshaded part is 70°, find the area of From the figure above,
the shaded part. x + 30 = 35 + (x/12)
x = 5.45 minutes
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 23
time: 7:05.45 kph. In how many hours will they be 195 km
apart?
248. An opportunity cost is incurred Solution:
because of the use of limited resources, such
that the opportunity to use those resources to
monetary advantage in an alternative use is
foregone.

249. A tank in the shape of a right circular

cylinder and closed at the top has a diameter
of 4 feet and height of 9 feet. What is the d = Vt
ratio of the lateral area to the surface area of d1 + d2 = 195
this tank? 35t + 33t = 195
Solution: t = 2.87 hours ≈ 3 hours
lateral area = circumference x height = πdh
= π(4)(6) = 36π 255. Which expression can be used to find
the values of S(n) in the table?
surface area = lateral area + area of 2 bases
surface area = 36π + 2πr2 = 36π + 8π = 44π

required ratio = 36π/44π = 9/11 = 9:11

a. –n + 7
250. If the tank on question 249 is filled b. -2n + 3
with water until 80% full, how much water c. 0.5n + 5
will it contain? d. 0.25n + 3 (answer)
Solution:
V = Abh = πr2h = π(2)2(9) = 36π Solution:
80% of V = 0.8(36π) = 90.48 m3 1 = 0.25(-8) + 3
2 = 0.25(-4) + 3
251. Find the sum of the geometric 2.75 = 0.25(-1) + 3
1 1 1
progression 2 , − 8 , 32 , … up to five terms. 3 = 0.25(0) + 3
Solution:
1 1 256. An investor has an option to purchase a
− 1
r= 1
8
= 32
1 = −4 tract of land that will be worth $10,000 in 6
−
2 8 years. If the value of the land increases at
1 1 1 5
a1 −a1 rn − �− � 205 8% each year, how much should the investor
2 2 4
s= = 1 = 512 be willing to pay now for this property?
1−r 1−�− �
4
Solution:
252. How much money would you need to F = P(1 + i)n
deposit today at 9% annual interest 10000 = P(1 + 0.08)6
compounded monthly to have ₱12000 in P = $6301.7
the account after 6 years?
Solution: 257. The slope of two non-vertical
F = P(1 + i)n perpendicular lines are negative
0.09 6(12) reciprocals.
12000 = P �1 + 12
�
P = ₱7007.08 258. Find sin 70°.
a. 0.9455
253. In July 1861, 366 inches of rain fell in b. 2.7475
Cherrapunji, India. What was the average c. 0.3420
rainfall in inches per hour during that d. 0.9397 (answer)
month?
Solution: 259. At what time after 8:00 will the hour
We need to know the number of days. July hand and the minute hand form a right
has 31 days. angle?
366 in 1 day 61 Solution:
�
31 days 24 hours
� = 124
in/hour

254. Two trains start from the same station

and runs in opposite directions. One runs at
a uniform rate 33 kph while the other at 35

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 24
263. A square and a triangle have equal
perimeters. The lengths of the three sides of
the triangle are 6.2 cm, 8.3 cm and 9.5 cm.
Find the area of the square.
Solution:
The perimeter of the triangle is
P = 6.2 + 8.3 + 9.5 = 24 cm

The side length of the square is

s = 24/4 = 6 cm

So the area of the square is

A = s2 = 62 = 36 square cm.

264. If you deposit $5000 into an

account paying 6% annual interest
If the minute hand moves a distance of x, the compounded monthly, how long until
hour hand moves a distance of x/12. A there is $8000 in the account?
straight line (180 degrees) is equivalent to Solution:
30 minutes so a 90 degree angle is F = P(1 + i)n
equivalent to 15 minutes. 0.06 t(12)
8000 = 5000 �1 + 12 �
From the figure above,
x + 15 = 40 + x/12 1.6 = (1.005)12t
x = 27.27 minutes Take the log of both sides.
log 1.6 = log (1.005)12t
answer: 8:27.27 log 1.6 = 12t log 1.005
t = 7.85 years
260. The slope of two non-vertical parallel
lines are the same. 265. A septic tank with dimensions 2.1 m x
1.5 m x 1.2 m is to be excavated. Assuming
261. Find the first five terms of the that the cost per cubic meter of excavation is
recursively defined infinite sequence: ₱ 500, how much is the total labor cost?
Solution: Solution:
a1 = 2; ak+1 = 3ak − 5 V = (2.1)(1.5)(1.2) = 3.78 m3
500
a1 = 2 Total Labor Cost = 3.78m3 x 1 m3 = ₱1890

a1+1 = 3a1 − 5 266. An engineering company borrowed

a2 = 3(2) − 5 = 1 $100,000. The loan is for 3 years at 10% per
year simple interest. How much money will
a2+1 = 3a2 − 5 the company repay at the end of 3 years?
a3 = 3(1) − 5 = −2 Solution:
F = P(1 + in) = 100000[1 + (0.1)(3)]
a3+1 = 3a3 − 5 = $130000
a4 = 3(−2) − 5 = −11
a c
267. In the proportion b = d , which of the
a4+1 = 3a4 − 5
following are the means.
a5 = 3(−11) − 5 = −38
answer: b and c
262. A man wants to turn €500 into €1,000
268. The base of a triangular prism is a right
over a period of 10 years, at what interest
triangle with one leg 3 feet in length and
rate would we have to invest it?
hypotenuse 5 feet in length. If the height of
Solution:
this prism is 7 feet, find the volume.
F = P(1 + i)n
Solution:
1000 = 500(1 + i)10
By Pythagorean theorem,
2 = (1 + i)10
1 y = √52 − 32 = 4
Raised both sides to 10 ,

1 1
V = Abh = (1/2)(3)(4)(7) = 42 square feet
(2)10 = [(1 + i)10 ]10
i = 7.18% 269. If cos θ = 0.643, find θ in degrees.
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 25
-1
Input on your calculator: cos 0.643 then 275. The accuracy of measurement can be
press the equal sign. indicated by the number of _____ or by a
stated uncertainty.
cos-1 0.643 = 49.98° answer: significant figures

270. 3(x - 2)(x + 4) - 2(x2 + 3x - 5) = ?? 276. In a wedding reception, nine guests

Solution: were seated around a circular table. The
3(x - 2)(x + 4) - 2(x2 + 3x - 5) newly wed asked each guest to shake hands
= 3(x2 + 4x -2x - 8) – 2x2 - 6x + 10 once with everyone on the table. How many
= 3x2 + 6x – 24 – 2x2 - 6x + 10 handshakes were made?
= x2 – 14 Solution:
The number of shake hands is
271. In the Venn Diagram shown below, nC2 = (n/2)(n - 1)
i. How many students like both Math and 9C2 = (9/2)(9 - 1) = 36 shake hands
Science?
ii. How many students like Math or Science? 277. Between 2000 and 2003, annual sales
iii. How many students like Math only? of exercise equipment increased by an
iv. If 100 students were surveyed, how many average rate of $314.3 million per year. In
students do not like any of the subjects? 2003, the total sales were $4553 million. If
sales of fitness equipment increase at the
same rate, what will the total sales be in
2010?
Solution:
Let (x1, y1) = (2003, 4553) and m = 314.3
By using the slope formula,
y −y
m = x2 −x1
2 1
y −4553
2
a. 41; 84; 18; 59 314.3 = 2010−2003
b. 41; 84; 59; 16 y2 = 6753.1 million
c. 41; 84; 18; 16 (answer)
d. 41; 43; 18; 57 278. These are costs that can be reasonably
measured and allocated to a specific output
272. A pile of logs contains 20 logs on the or work activity. The labor and material
topmost layer and each lower layer contains costs directly associated with a construction
one more log than the above layer. If there activity are examples of these.
are 25 layers in the pile, find the total answer: direct costs
number of logs.
Solution: 279. These are costs that are difficult to
The total number of logs is allocate to a specific output or work activity.
20 + 21 + 22 + … + a25 = s For example, the costs of common tools,
n
s = 2 [2a1 + (n − 1)d] general supplies, and equipment
25 maintenance in a plant.
s= [(2)(20) + (25 − 1)(1)] = 800 answer: indirect costs
2

273. Convert 60° to radians. 280. These are planned costs per unit of
Solution: output that are established in advance of
360° = 2π radians actual production or service delivery. They
2π radians
60° x 360° = 1.05 radians are developed from anticipated direct labor
hours, materials, and overhead categories
274. Find the perimeter of triangle ABC with their established costs per unit.
with vertices: A(-6,-4), B(2,4) and C(4,-5). answer: standard costs
Solution:
Use the distance formula. 281. The slope of a vertical line is _____.
answer: undefined
dAB = �(−6 − 2)2 + (−4 − 4)2 = 8√2
dBC = �(2 − 4)2 + (4 + 5)2 = √85 282. If you deposit ₽8000 into an
dBC = �(4 + 6)2 + (−5 + 4)2 = √101 account paying 7% annual interest
compounded quarterly, how long until
P = sum of the three sides there is ₽12400 in the account?
P = 8√2 + √85 + √101 = 30.583 units Solution:
F = P(1 + i)n

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 26
0.07 t(4) (65)(3) = (Vt)(5)
12400 = 8000 �1 + 4 �
Vt = 39 mph
1.55 = (1.0175)4t
Take the log of both sides. 288. What is the nth term of the sequence
log 1.55 = log (1.0175)4t 1 2 3 4 5
, , , , ?
log 1.55 = 4t log 1.0175 2 9 14 19 24
t = 6.3 years 𝐧𝐧
a. a1 + (n - 1)d b. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓−𝟏𝟏 (answer)
283. The slope of a horizontal line is _____.
answer: zero 2n 5n−1
c. 5n+1 d. n−1

284. The measures of two complementary

Solution:
angles are (3x + 14)° and (5x - 8)°. Find the
The terms do not form an arithmetic
smaller angle.
progression. But the numerators and
Solution:
denominators form an arithmetic
The sum of two complementary angles is
progression.
90°.
numerator: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
3x + 14 + 5x - 8 = 90
denominator: 4, 9, 14, 19, 24
8x = 90 + 8 – 14
8x = 84
Using the formula for the nth term of an
x = 10.5
arithmetic progression twice,
first angle: 3(10.5) + 14 = 45.5°
an = a1 + (n - 1)d = 1 + (n - 1)(1) = n
second angle: 5(10.5) – 8 = 44.5°
an = a1 + (n - 1)d = 4 + (n - 1)(5) = 5n - 1
285. The measures of two supplementary n
angles are (10x - 25)° and (15x + 50)°. Find Thus, the nth term of the sequence is 5n−1
the larger number.
Solution: 289. Find the number of ways to arrange the
The sum of two supplementary angles is letters in the word STRAWBERRIES?
180°. Solution:
10x - 25 + 15x + 50 = 180 The word strawberries has 12 letters. It has 2
25x = 180 + 25 – 50 S, 3 R’s and 2 E’s. Therefore, it can be
25x = 155 arranged in
12!
x = 6.2
2!3!2!
= 19958400 ways

first angle: 10(6.2) – 25 = 37° 290. A boy made a scale model of the park
second angle: 15(6.2) + 50 = 143° near his house. Every inch represents 5 feet.
If the main sidewalk in his model is 45
286. A triangle with at least two sides inches long, how long is the actual sidewalk
congruent. The congruent sides are called in the park?
legs. The angles opposite the legs are base Solution:
angles. The angle formed by the two legs is 5 feet
the vertex angle. The side opposite the 45 inches x = 225 feet
1 inch
vertex angle is the base.
answer: isosceles triangle 291. Suppose that you borrow 8,000 now,
promising to repay the loan principal plus
287. A messenger traveling 65 miles per accumulated interest in four years at i = 10%
hour pursues a truck which has a start of 2 per year. How much would you repay at the
hours and overtakes it in 3 hours. Find the end of four years?
speed of the truck in mph. Solution:
Solution: F = P(1 + 1)n
F = 8000(1 + 0.1)4
F = 11712.8

292. An irrational number represented by

the ratio of the circumference of a circle to
the diameter of the circle.
The distance travelled by the messenger in 3 a. Pythagoras’ constant
hours is equal to the distance travelled by b. i
the truck in 2 + 3 = 5 hours. c. e
dm = dt d. π (answer)

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 27
293. The third term of a geometric sequence 300. An amount of $1200 is placed in an
is 12 and the fifth term is 48. Find the eighth account at 4% compounded annually for 2
term. years. It is then withdrawn at the end of the
Solution: two years and placed in another bank at the
an = am r n−m rate of 5% compounded annually for 4
a5 = a3 r 5−3 years. What is the balance in the second
48 = 12r 2 account after the 4 years?
r=2 Solution:
For the first two years:
a8 = a3 r 8−3 F2 = P(1 + 1)n = 1200(1 + 0.04)2 = $1297.92
a8 = (12)(2)5 = 384
For the last four years:
294. Write an equation in slope-intercept F4 = F2 (1 + 1)n = 1297.92(1 + 0.05)4
form of the line with slope of -4 and y- = $1577.63
intercept of 1.
Solution: 301. myriagon. A polygon with 10000
The slope-intercept form of the equation of edges.
the line is y = mx + b, where m is the slope
and b is the y-intercept. So the equation of 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨
302. . In a right triangle, the sine
the line is 𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡
y = -4x + 1 ratio for an acute angle is the ratio
_______________.
295. Find the slope of the line that passes
through the points (-4,0) and (0,-1). 303. _______________ SQAZ is a square
Solution: and LQA is an equilateral triangle.
y −y −1−0 1 Find the measure of angle LSZ in degrees.
m = x2 −x1 = 0+4 = − 4
2 1

296. Coplanar lines that do not intersect.

a. horizontal lines
b. perpendicular lines
c. parallel lines (answer)
d. vertical lines

297. How long will it take a certain amount

to increase by 40% at the rate of 15% simple
interest? Solution:
Solution: LQA is an equilateral triangle, so
F = P(1 + in) angle SQL = 90 – 60 = 30°
1.4P = P(1 + 0.15n)
1.4 = 1 + 0.15n SQL is an isosceles triangle with SQ = LQ,
n = 8/3 years 180−30
so angle QSL = angle QLS = 2 = 75°
298. Determine whether line AB and line angle LSZ = 90 – 75 = 15°
CD are parallel or perpendicular.
Line AB: A(-2,-5), B(4,7) 304. megagon. A polygon with 1,000,000
Line CD: C(0,2), D(8,-2) edges.
𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚
Solution: 305. . In a right triangle, the
y −y −5−7 𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡
mAB = x2 −x1 = −2−4 = 2 cosine ratio for an acute angle is the ratio
2 1
y2 −y1 2+2 1 _______________.
mCD = x = 0−8 = − 2
2 −x1 306. apeirogon. A polygon with infinite
Since the slopes are negative reciprocals, the edges.
two lines are perpendicular to each other.
307. cash inflows. are the receipts,
299. In how many ways can 11 people be revenues, incomes, and savings generated by
seated at a round table? project and business activity.
Solution:
The number of ways to arrange n distinct 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨
objects along a fixed circle is 308. . In a right triangle, the tangent
𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚
Pn = (n - 1)! ratio for an acute angle is the ratio
P11 = (11 - 1)! = 3628800 ways _______________.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 28
309. cash outflows. are costs, 321. line segment. A measurable part of a
disbursements, expenses, and taxes caused line that consists of two points, called
by projects and business activity. endpoints, and all of the points between
them.
310. kite. a quadrilateral whose four sides
can be grouped into two pairs of equal- 322. _______________ $350 is to be
length sides that are adjacent to each other. divided between Jones and Smith so that
Jones will receive 25 more than Smith. How
311. _______________ A rectangle much does each received?
reservoir has the following dimensions: Solution:
L=4m, W=2m, H=3m. What is the J = S + 25 (equation 1)
maximum volume of water (in liters) that We know that,
the tank can accommodate? J + S = 350
Solution: Substitute equation 1 into the above
V = LWH = (4m)(2m)(3m) = 24 m3 equation. We have
conversion: 1 cu.m = 1000 liters S + 25 + S = 350
1000 liters
V = 24 m3 x 1 m3 = 24000 liters 2S = 325
S = $162.5
312. cash flow diagram. It is a graphical
It follows that,
representation of cash flows drawn on the
J = S + 25 = 162.5 + 25 = $187.5
y-axis with a time scale on the x-axis.
323. orthographic drawing. The two
313. lateral area. The area of prisms,
dimensional top view, left view, front view,
pyramids, cylinders, and cones, not
and right view of a three-dimensional object.
including the bases.
324. instantaneous velocity. The velocity at
314. unit vector. A vector that has a
a specific instant of time or specific point
magnitude of exactly 1 and points in a
along the path.
particular direction.
325. _______________ At 3% annual
315. Economic equivalence is a
interest compounded monthly, how long will
combination of interest rate and time value
it take to double your money?
of money to determine the different
Solution:
amounts of money at different points in time
F = P(1 + i)n
that are equal in economic value.
2P = P(1 + i)n
0.03 12t
316. line. It is made up of points and has no 2 = �1 + 12 �
thickness or width. 2 = (1.0025)12t
Take the log of both sides.
317. right angle (90°). The angle inscribed log 2 = log(1.0025)12t
in a semicircle is always _______________. log 2 = 12t log 1.0025
t = 23.13 years
318. _______________ If the fifth term of
an arithmetic progression is 36 and the tenth 326. complex number. It is formed by
term is 56, find the 50th term. adding a pure imaginary number to a real
Solution: number. Its general form is a + bi, where a
an = am + (n - m)d and b are both real numbers and i is the
a10 = a5 + (10 - 5)d imaginary unit.
56 = 36 + 5d
d=4 327. isometry. A mapping for which the
original figure and its image are congruent.
a50 = a5 + (50 - 5)d
a50 = 36 + (45)(4) = 216 328. composite number. A natural number
that is not a prime number. It can be
319. paragraph proof. An informal proof expressed as the product of two natural
written in the form of a paragraph that numbers other than itself and 1.
explains why a conjecture for a given
situation is true. 329. _______________ Henry’s father is
now twice as old as Henry. Sixteen years
320. simple interest. Interest calculated ago, he was four times as old. How old is
using the principal only. henry now?

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 29
Solution: 338. _______________ The first three terms
F = 2H (eq. 1) of an arithmetic sequence are 3, 13.2, and
F – 16 = 4(H - 16) (eq. 2) 23.4. Find the fifteenth term.
Solution:
Substitute eq. 1 into eq. 2 then simplify. d = 23.4 – 13.2 = 13.2 – 3 = 10.2
2H – 16 = 4H – 64 an = am + (n - m)d
48 = 2H a15 = a1 + 14d
H = 24 a15 = 3 + 14(10.2) = 145.8

330. _______________ A surveyor is 100 339. oblique cone. A cone that is not a right
meters from a building and finds that the cone.
angle of elevation to the top of the building
is 23°. If the surveyor’s eye level is 1.55 340. _______________ If x + y = 14 and
meters above the ground, find the height of xy = 16, what is x2 + y2?
the building. Solution:
Solution: Square the first equation.
(x + y)2 = 142
x2 + 2xy + y2 = 196
x2 + y2 = 196 – 2xy
Substitute xy = 16 into the above equation.
x2 + y2 = 196 – 2(16) = 164
x
tan 23 = 100 341. perimeter. The sum of the sides of a
x = 42.45 m polygon.

h = 1.55 + x = 1.55 + 42.45 = 44 meters 342. locus. The set of points that satisfy a
given condition.
331. simple. When the total interest earned
or charged is linearly proportional to the 343. _______________ Find the area of a
initial amount of the loan (principal), the cross section of a pipe with inside diameter
interest rate, and the number of interest of 14 inches and outside diameter of 17
periods for which the principal is inches.
committed, the interest and interest rate are Solution:
said to be ______________. A = Area of big circle – area of small circle
π
A = 4 (172 − 142 ) = 73.042 in.2
332. isosceles trapezoid. A trapezoid in
which the legs are congruent, both pairs of 344. oblique cylinder. A cylinder that is not
base angles are congruent, and the diagonals a right cylinder.
are congruent.
345. _______________ A small airplane
333. compound. Whenever the interest leaves an airport on an overcast day and is
charge for any interest period is based on the later sighted 215 km away, in a direction
remaining principal amount plus any making an angle of 22° east of due north.
accumulated interest charges up to the This means that it is rotated 22° toward the
beginning of that period, the interest is said east from due north. How far east and north
to be _______________. is the airplane from the airport when
sighted?
334. parallel planes. Planes that do not Solution:
intersect.

335. vector. It has magnitude as well as

direction, and follow certain rules of
combination.

336. vector quantity. A quantity that has

both a magnitude and a direction and thus
can be represented with a vector.

337. linear pair. A pair of adjacent angles

whose non-common sides are opposite rays.

x = 215 sin 22 = 81 km.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 30
y = 215 cos 22 = 199 km. 356. lateral face. In a prism, the faces that
are not bases. In a pyramid, the faces that
346. True or False. The book value of a intersect at the vertex.
firm is equal to the common stock equity
account on its balance sheet. 357. _______________ A cross-country
skier skis 1 km north and then 2 km east on
347. True or False. A part of a line included a horizontal snowfield. How far and in what
between two points on the line is called a direction is she from the starting point?
secant. Solution:
False. A part of a line included between two
points on the line is called a segment.

348. _______________ What is the

pressure in pounds per square inch at the
base of a 10-foot water cylinder?
Solution:
2.31 feet of head = 1 psi
1 psi
10 ft = 10 ft × 2.31 ft = 4.33 psi

349. compound interest. the interest

accrued for each interest period is calculated
on the principal plus the total amount of
interest accumulated in all previous periods.
Let x be the distance from the starting point.
350. lateral edge. In a prism, is the
By Pythagorean Theorem,
intersection of two adjacent lateral faces. In
a pyramid, are the edges of the lateral faces x = √12 + 22 = 2.24 km
that join the vertex to vertices of the base.
358. reflex angle. An angle greater than
351. _______________ The x-velocity vx of straight angle and less than two straight
a car at any time t is given by the equation angles.
vx = 60 m/s + (0.5 m/s3)t2. Find the change
in x-velocity of the car in the time interval 359. chord. A line segment joining two
t1 = 1 sec to t2 = 3 sec. points on a circle.
Solution:
at t1 = 1 sec 360. major arc. An arc with a measure
v1x = 60 + (0.5)(1)2 = 60.5 m/s greater than 180°.

at t2 = 3 sec 361. True or false. Compound interest is

v2x = 60 + (0.5)(3)2 = 64.5 m/s much more common in practice than simple
interest.
Δ vx = v2x - v1x = 64.5 – 60.5 = 4 m/s
362. _______________ Insert three
352. pentadecagon. A polygon with 15 arithmetic means between 2 and 22.
sides. Solution:
2, ___, ___, ___, 22
353. median. In a triangle, it is a line If we insert three arithmetic means between
segment joining a vertex to the midpoint of 7 and 22, we will have 5 terms.
the opposite side, bisecting that side. an = am + (n - m)d
a5 = a1 + (5 - 1)d
354. depreciation. The decrease in value of 22 = 2 + 4d
physical properties with the passage of time d=5
and use.
a2 = a1 + d = 2 + 5 = 7
355. A normal to a given plane is _____. a3 = a1 + 2d = 2 + 2(5) = 12
a. equidistant to the plane a4 = a1 + 3d = 2 + 3(5) = 17
b. tangent to the plane
c. parallel to the plane answer: 7, 12, 17
d. perpendicular to the plane (answer)
363. perspective view. The view of a three
dimensional figure from the corner.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 31
364. _______________ What is the sum of 375. equilateral triangle. A triangle having
the roots of the equation 2x2 – 8x + 10 = 0? three sides equal.
Solution: Vieta’s Formula
Given f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C, if the equation 376. midsegment. The line segment
f(x) = 0 has roots r1 and r2, then connecting the midpoints of two sides of a
B triangle.
r1 + r2 = − A

(−8) 377. _______________ Find the sum of all

r1 + r2 = − 2 = 4 odd integers form 1 to 100.
365. Vectors or Scalars? Temperature, Solution:
pressure, energy, mass, and time are called 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + … + 99 = s
_______________. The common difference is 2. We need to
know the number of terms.
366. midpoint. The point on a segment an = am + (n - m)d
exactly halfway between the endpoints of 99 = 1 + (n - 1)(2)
the segment. 98 = 2n – 2
n = 50
367. Consumer goods and services are
n 50
those products or services that are directly s = 2 (a1 + an ) = 2
(1 + 99) = 2500
used by people to satisfy their wants.
Examples are food, clothing, homes, cars,
378. obtuse angle. An angle greater than
television sets, haircuts, opera, and medical
90° and less than 180°.
services.
379. parallel vectors. Vectors that have the
368. orthocenter. The point of concurrency
same or opposite direction.
of the altitudes of a triangle.
380. apothem. In a regular polygon, the
369. Producer goods and services are used
perpendicular line drawn from the center of
to produce consumer goods and services or
the inscribed circle to any one of the sides.
other producer goods. Examples are
machine tools, factory buildings, buses, and
381. perpendicular lines. Lines that form
farm machinery.
right angles.
370. _______________ Find two
382. _______________ A coin is dropped
consecutive even integers such that the
from the Leaning Tower of Pisa and falls
square of the larger integer is 44 greater that
freely from rest. What is the position and
the square of the smaller integer.
velocity of the coin after 3 seconds?
Solution:
Solution:
Let the first integer be x, then the second 1
integer is x + 2. a. y = yo + voy t + 2 ay t 2
1
(x + 2)2 = x2 + 44 y = 0 + 0 + 2 ay t 2
x2 + 4x + 4 = x2 + 44 1 1
4x = 40 y = 2 ay t 2 = 2 (−9.8)(3)2 = −44.1 m
x = 10
b. vy = voy + ay t
It follows that, vy = 0 + (−9.8)(3) = −29.4 m/s
x + 2 = 10 + 2 = 12
383. great circle. The section of the sphere
371. obtuse triangle. A triangle with one cut by a plane through its center.
obtuse angle.
384. coplanar. Points which lie on the same
372. vector quantity. Force, velocity, plane.
acceleration, displacement and momentum
are examples of _______________. 385. minor arc. An arc with a measure less
than 180°.
373. probability. is the measure of
uncertainty of any event (any phenomenon 386. capital. Refers to wealth in the form of
happened or bound to happen). money or property that can be used to
produce more wealth.
374. plane. A flat surface made up of points
that has no depth and extends indefinitely in
all directions.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 32
387. oblique prism. A prism in which the 398. vertical angles. In two intersecting
lateral edges are not perpendicular to the lines, the angles opposite each other is called
bases. _______________.

388. annuity. A series of equal payments or 399. latus rectum. The chord passing
receipts occurring over a specified number through the focus of the parabola and
of periods. perpendicular to its axis.

389. parallelogram. A quadrilateral with 400. deferred annuity. If the cash flow does
parallel opposite sides. not begin until some later date, the annuity
is known as a _______________.
390. ordinary annuity. A series of equal
payments or receipts occurring over a 401. A motorcyclist heading east through a
specified number of periods with the small town accelerates at a constant 4 m/s2
payments or receipts occurring at the end of after he leaves the city limits. At time t = 0
each period. he is 5 meter east of the city-limits signpost
while he moves east at 15 m/s.
391. concurrent. Lines that pass through a i. Find his position and velocity at t = 2 sec.
common point. ii. Where is he when his speed is 25 m/s?
Solution:
1
392. perimeter. The sum of the lengths of i. x = xo + vox t + 2 ax t 2
the sides of a polygon. 1
x = 5 + (15)(2) + 2 (4)(2)2 = 43 m
393. _______________ An amount of vx = vox + ax t
$1200 is placed in an account at 4% vx = 15 + (4)(2) = 23 m/s
compounded continuously for 2 years. It is
then withdrawn and placed in another bank ii. vx 2 = vox 2 + 2ax (x − xo )
at the rate of 5% compounded continuously 252 = 152 + 2(4)(x - 5)
for 4 years. What is the balance in the 625 = 225 + 8x – 40
second account after the 4 years? x = 55 m
Solution:
For the first two years: 402. A closed figure formed by a finite
F2 = Pert = 1200e(0.04)(2) = $1299.94 number of coplanar segments called sides.
answer: polygon
For the last four years:
F4 = F2ert = 1299.94e(0.05)(4) = $1587.75 403. On May 30, 2012 a man loans $15,000
in the bank. It was agreed that he will pay
394. perpendicular bisector. In a triangle, a the amount with 6% rate of interest on
line, segment, or ray that passes through the August 10, 2012. What is the ordinary
midpoint of a side and is perpendicular to simple interest to be paid?
that side. Solution:
Let’s count the number of days.
395. annuity due. A series of equal May 30–31 ---1 day (May 30 excluded)
payments or receipts occurring over a June 1–30 -----30 days
specified number of periods with the July 1–31 ------31 days
payments or receipts occurring at August 1–10 --10 days (August 10 included)
the beginning of each period. Total number of days = 72 days

396. permutation. Refers to the number of 72

I = Pin = 15000(0.06) �360� = $180
different ways of choosing things from a
group of n objects, when you care about the
404. Which of the following is another term
order in which they are chosen, and the
for postulate?
selection is made without replacement.
answer: axiom
397. combination. Refers to the number of (n+2)!
possible ways of arranging objects chosen 405. Find the value of: n!+(n+1)!
from a total sample of size n if you don’t Solution: Factor the denominator.
care about the order in which the objects are (n+2)! (n+2)! (n+2)!
n!+(n+1)!
= n![1+(n+1)] = n!(n+2)
arranged.
(n+2)(n+1)! (n+1)! n!(n+1)
= n!(n+2)
= n!
= n!
=n+1

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 33
406. Your company has a $100,000 loan for Substitute y = -1 into any of the given
a new security system it just bought. The equations.
annual payment is $8,880 and the interest
rate is 8% per year for 30 years. Your 2x – 5y = 11
company decides that it can afford to pay 2x – 5(-1) = 11
$10,000 per year. After how many payments 2x + 5 = 11
will the loan be paid off? 2x = 6
Solution: Use A = $10000 x=3
A[(1+i)n −1] The required answer is
P= (1+i)n i x + y = 3 + (-1) = 2
10000[(1+0.08)n −1]
100000 = (1+0.08)n(0.08)
[(1.08)n −1] 411. In a triangle with integer side lengths,
0.08 = (1.08)n one side is three times as long as a second
n (1.08)n
0.08(1.08) = −1 side, and the length of the third side is 15.
1 = 1.08 − 0.08(1.08)n
n What is the greatest possible perimeter of
1 = 0.2(1.08)n the triangle?
5= 1.08n Solution:
Take the log of both sides. Let x be the length of the first side. The side
log 5 = log 1.08n lengths are: x, 3x, and 15.
log 5 = n log 1.08 The triangle inequality says that in any
n = 20.91 ≈ 21 years nondegenerate triangle, the sum of the
lengths of any two sides is larger than the
407. Measures how fast the angle changes. length of the third side.
answer: angular velocity 3x < x + 15
2x < 15
408 A group of three whole numbers that x < 15/2
satisfies the equation a2 + b2 = c2, where c is The largest integer satisfying this inequality
the greatest number. is 7. So the largest perimeter is
answer: Pythagorean triple P = 7 + 3(7) + 15 = 43

409. Write an equation in point-slope form 412. A 5-year ordinary annuity has a present
of the line with slope of 4 that contains value of $1,000. If the interest rate is 8%,
(-3, -6). the amount of each annuity payment
Solution: is closest to which of the following?
The point-slope form of a line is of the form Solution:
A[(1+i)n −1]
y – y1 = m(x – x1) P= (1+i)n i
Plugging in the values, we get A�(1+0.08)5 −1�
y – (-6) = 4[x – (-3)] 1000 = (1+0.08)5(0.08)
y + 6 = 4(x + 3) A = $250.46
410. Solve the system of equations 413. A bicycle with 20 inch wheels is
2x – 5y = 11 traveling down a road at 15 miles per hour.
3x + 2y = 7 Find the angular velocity of the wheel in
Give your answer as x + y. revolutions per minute.
Solution: Solution:
In equation 1, solve for x in terms of y then mi 5280 ft 12 in 1 hr
substitute into equation 2. v = 15 hr � 1 mi � � 1 ft � �60 min�
in
2x – 5y = 11 = 15840 min
2x = 11 + 5y radius = 20/2 = 10 inches
11+5y
x= 2 v 15840
ω = r = 10 = 1584 min
rad

3x + 2y = 7
11+5y
3 � 2 � + 2y = 7 Since we are looking for revolutions per
33+15y minute, we divide the linear velocity (v) by
2
+ 2y = 7
the circumference.
Multiply both sides by 2 to remove the v 15840 rev
denominator. ω = C = π(20) = 252 min
33+15y
� 2
+ 2y = 7� (2)
414. A contest began at noon and ended
33 + 15y + 4y =14 1000 minutes later. At what time did the
19y = -19 contest ended?
y = -1 Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 34
There are 60 minutes in 1 hour. 418. Find the area of the shaded region.
1000/60 = 16 2/3 hours or 16 hours and 40
minutes
If we add 16 hours to 12 noon, we get 28
(note that in one day there is only 24 hours)
So we add 12 hours to 12 noon to get 24:00
midnight. Now, we add the remaining 4
hours to get 4:00 am. Then add the
remaining 40 minutes to get 4:40 am.

415. Measures how fast the object travels. Solution:

answer: linear velocity The area of the shaded region is equal to the
area of the two rectangles minus the area of
416. You decided to put money away each the intersection.
year in a “dream car” fund. The car you A = (3)(8) + (2)(10) – (3)(2) = 38
want to buy will cost $60,000 in eight years.
You are going to put aside $6,000 each year 419. The minute hand of a clock is 12 cm
(for eight years) to save for this. At what long. How far does the tip of the hand move
interest rate must you invest your money to during 20 min?
achieve your goal of having enough to Solution:
purchase the car after eight years? We need to know the central angle. We
Solution: know that 180° = 30 minutes. So the central
A[(1+i)n −1] angle is
F=
i θ 180°
6000�(1+i)8 −1� 20 min
= 30 min
60000 = i θ = 120°
10i = (1 + i)8 − 1 The tip of the hand travelled a certain
10i + 1 = (1 + i)8 distance (length of arc). The distance is
Observed that it is on the power of 8, so we θ 120
c = 360 C = 360 (2)(π)(12) = 25.1 cm
can use the choices to find for i.
First try: let i = 7.21%
10(0.0721) + 1 = (1 + 0.0721)8 420. What is the probability of getting an
1.721 ≠ 1.745 even number on rolling a die once?
Solution:
Number of Favorable Outcome
Second try: let i = 6.29% Probability = Total Number of Outcomes
10(0.0629) + 1 = (1 + 0.0629)8
1.629 = 1.629 Sample Space (S) = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Event (E) = {2,4,6}
So, i = 6.29% (guess and check method n(E) 3 1
P= =6=2
using the choices) n(S)

417. In a class of 40 students, 27 like 421. n! is read as “n factorial”, which of the

Calculus and 25 like chemistry. How many following is the definition of n!?
like both Calculus and Chemistry? answer:
Solution: n! = n(n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3)….(3)(2)(1)

422. A bank saving account offers 4%

compounded on a quarterly basis. A
customer deposits $200 at the start of each
quarter starting with the first deposit on the
first of January and the fourth deposit on the
first of October. What is the total amount in
From the Venn Diagram, his account at the end of the year?
40 = (27 - x) + x + (25 - x) Solution:
40 = 27 – x + x + 25 – x First quarter deposit (January): t = 1 year
x = 27 + 25 – 40 = 12 F1 = 200(1 + 0.04/4)(1)(4) = $208.12

Second quarter deposit (April): t = 3/4 year

F2 = 200(1 + 0.04/4)(3/4)(4) = $206.06

Third quarter deposit (July): t = 1/2 year

F3 = 200(1 + 0.04/4)(1/2)(4) = $204.02

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 35
Fourth quarter deposit (Oct.): t = 1/4 year Solution:
F4 = 200(1 + 0.04/4)(1/4)(4) = $202 There are 6 digits. We can choose any of the
six digits for the units’ place. Then any of
Total = $820.2 the five remaining digits for the tens’ place.
Then any of the four remaining digits for the
423. Find the equation of a line that is a hundreds’ place. Hence, we can form
perpendicular bisector of segment XY with P = 6(5)(4) = 120 different numbers
endpoints X(-3, 3) and Y(4, 0). 429. An 8-year annuity due has a present
Solution: value of $1,000. If the interest rate is
Since it is a bisector, it passes through the 5%, the amount of each annuity payment
midpoint of segment XY. We need to find is closest to which of the following?
the coordinates of the midpoint. Solution:
midpoint: A�(1+i)n−1 −1�
−3+4 1 3+0 3
P= (1+i)n−1 i
+A
xM = 2 = 2; yM = 2 = 2 A�(1+0.05)7 −1�
1000 = (1+0.05)7(0.05) + A
To find the slope of the bisector, find first A�(1+0.05)7 −1�
1000 = (1+0.05)7(0.05) + A
the slope of segment XY.
0−3 3 A = $147.35
m = 4+3 = − 7
The slope of perpendicular lines are negative 430. Marvin bought a sweater for his
7
reciprocals. So the slope of the bisector is 3. girlfriend. The sweater is on sale for 25%
From the point slope form of the equation of off the original price and another 40% off
a line, we have the discounted price. If the sweater
3 7 1
y − 2 = 3 �x − 2� originally cost ₱600, what was the final sale
3 7 7
price of the sweater?
y − 2 = 3x − 6 Solution:
7 1 First discounted price:
y = 3x + 3
x = 600 – 0.25(600) = ₱450
424. True or False. A corporation is a legal Final sale price:
person that can be sued. y = 450 – 0.4(450) = ₱270
425. Find the distance between the parallel 431. The formula for change of Fahrenheit
lines 3y = -x – 9 and 3y = -x + 1. reading to Centigrade reading is _____.
Solution: 9
Rearranging the first line, a. ℃ = 5 (℉ − 32)
𝟓𝟓
3y + x + 9 = 0 b. ℃ = 𝟗𝟗 (℉ − 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑)(answer)
Rearranging the second line, 5
3y + x – 1 = 0 c. ℃ = 9 (℉ + 32)
9
A = 3; B = 1; C1 = 9; C2 = -1 d. ℃ = 5 (℉ + 32)
|C1 − C2 | |9 + 1| 10
d= = =
√A2 + B2 √32 + 12 √10 432. Depreciable property is classified as
Rationalize the denominator: either _____.
10 √10 10√10 answer: tangible or intangible
d= x = = √10
√10 √10 10

433. Property that can be seen or touched. It

426. In the numeral 4738, the digit 7 means? includes machinery, vehicles, equipment,
answer: 700 furniture, land and house.
answer: Tangible property
427. An 8-year annuity due has a future
value of $1,000. If the interest rate is 434. This property includes copyright,
5%, the amount of each annuity payment patent, or franchise.
is closest to which of the following? answer: Intangible property
Solution:
A[(1+i)n −1](1+i)
F= 435. The sides of an equilateral triangle are:
i
A�(1+0.05)8 −1�(1+0.05) 2x, 3x – 9, and x + 9. Find the numerical
1000 = 0.05 product of its perimeter and area.
A = $99.74 Solution:
Since the triangle is equilateral, the three
428. How many numbers of three different sides are equal. We compute first the value
digits each can be formed by the use of the of x.
digits 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 9? 2x = 3x – 9

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 36
x=9 sections because they can be formed by the
The length of one side is, intersection of a plane with a right circular
2x = 2(9) = 18 cone.
3x – 9 = 3(9) – 9 = 18 i. If the plane is parallel to the base of the
x + 9 = 9 + 9 = 18 cone, the section formed is a _____.
The perimeter is, ii. If the plane is slightly tilted, the section
P = 18 + 18 + 18 = 54 units formed is an _____.
The area can be computed using the Heron’s iii. If the plane is parallel to one element of
Formula, since it is equilateral we can use the cone, the section formed is a _____.
the following formula. iv. If the plane is perpendicular to the base
A = �s(s − a)3 of the cone, the section formed is a _____.
s = 54/2 = 27 answer: i. d; ii. a; iii. c; iv. b
A = �s(s − a)3 = �27(27 − 18)3
441. The probability of getting head at least
= �27(27 − 18)3 = 140.3 sq. units once on tossing a coin twice is _____.
Solution:
numerical product = 54(140.3) = 7576.2 Number of Favorable Outcome
Probability = Total Number of Outcomes
436. True or False. If money has a time
value, then the future value will always be Sample Space (S) = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
more than the original amount invested. Event (E) = {HH, HT, TH}
n(E) 3
P= =4
n(S)
437. Roll a pair of dice. What is the
probability that the sum of two numbers is 442. For any two triangles, if an angle of
11? one triangle is congruent to an angle of the
Solution: other and if the two sides of one triangle are
Number of Favorable Outcome
Probability = Total Number of Outcomes proportional to two sides of the other, they
n(E) are what kind of triangles?
P=
n(S) Answer: Similar
n(E) = 2: 6 + 5 = 11 and 5 + 6 = 11
n(S) = 6*6 = 36 443. Calculate: 10P3
answer: 720
2 1
P = 36 = 18
444. Find the third term in the expansion of
6
438. One of the roots of the quadratic �5x + �y�
equation x2 – mx + 5 = 0 is 1. What is the Solution:
value of m? rth term = nCr-1 xn-r+1 yr-1
Solution: r=3
We know that the product of the roots of the n=6
quadratic equation Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 is 2
C 3rd term = 6C2 (5x)4 ��y�
r1 r2 = A 6!
3rd term = (6−2)!2! 625x 4 y = 9375x 4 y
Let r1 = 1, then
5
(1)r2 = 1
445. Calculate: 10C3
r2 = 5 Solution:
n!
n Cr =
The sum of the roots of a quadratic equation (n−r)!r!
10! 10! 10(9)(8)(7!)
is 10C3 = (10−3)!3! = 7!3! = 7!3!
B
r1 + r2 = − A 10(9)(8) 720
= 3(2)(1)
= 6
= 120
Therefore,
m
1+5=− 1
446. The locus of the point which move so
m = -6 the sum of its distances between two fixed
points is constant.
439. i2 = _____ answer: ellipse
a. -1 (answer)
b. 1 447. A quadrilateral with two and only two
c. 0 sides of which are parallel.
d. -i answer: trapezoid

440. The four curves: circles, ellipses,

parabolas, and hyperbolas are called conic
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 37
448. The locus of a point that move so that 452. True or False. Finding the present
its distance from a fixed point and a fixed value is simply the reverse of compounding.
line is always equal.
answer: parabola 453. In how many ways can 6 distinct books
be arranged in a bookshelf?
449. How many lines can we draw using 3 Solution:
non-collinear (not in a single line) points A, N = 6! = 720 ways
B, and C on a plane?
Solution: 454. If the two side lengths of a non-
We need two points to draw a line. The degenerate triangle are 9 and 15, which of
order is not important because line AB is the the following is a possible length of the third
same as line BA. We get the following six side?
pairs of points, Solution:
AB, BA The triangle inequality states that the sum of
AC, CA the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is
BC, CB greater than the length of the remaining side.
Since, AB is the same as BA, AC is the Let x be the third side. The three sides must
same as CA and BC is the same as CB, we satisfy
can only make 3 lines, not 6. x < 9 + 15
n! 15 < x + 9
n Cr =
(n−r)!r!
3! 3(2)(1)
9 < x + 15
3C2 = (3−2)!2!
= 2(1)
=3
The third inequality is true. The first two
450. What is the x-intercept of the line give
3x – 4y + 12 = 0? 6 < x < 24.
Solution:
To get the x-intercept, substitute y = 0 into Among the choices, 20 is a possible length
the equation then solve for x. for the third side.
3x – 4(0) + 12 = 0
3x = -12 455. Find k in the equation
x = -4 x 2 + kx + 24 = 0 so that it will have real
and equal roots.
451. Find the x-intercept and y-intercept of Solution:
the line 4x + 9y -45 = 0. The roots of the quadratic equation
Solution: Ax 2 + Bx + C = 0 are real and equal if
To find for the x-intercept, substitute y = 0 B2 = 4AC.
into the equation and solve for x.
x-intercept: y = 0 x 2 + kx + 4 = 0
4x + 9(0) = 45 k 2 = 4(1)(4)
4x = 45 k 2 = 16
x = 45/4 = 11.25 k = ±4
x-intercept (11.25,0)
456. A tangent to a conic is a line _____.
To find for the y-intercept, substitute x = 0 answer:
into the equation and solve for y. which touches the conic at only one point
y-intercept: x = 0
4(0) + 9y = 45 457. A class consists of 50 girls and 30
9y = 45 boys. In how many ways can a president,
y=5 vice-president, treasurer, and secretary be
y-intercept (0,5) chosen if the treasurer must be a girl, the
secretary must be a boy, and a student may
not hold more than one office?
Solution:
If an event is specialized in some way (for
example, the treasurer must be a girl), then
that event should be considered before any
non-specialized events. By the fundamental
counting principle, the total number of
possibilities is
m1 m2 m3 m4 = 50(30)(78)(77)
= 9009000

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 38
458. What is the y-intercept of the line
3x – 2y - 4 = 0?
Solution:
To get the y-intercept, substitute x = 0 into
the equation then solve for y.
3(0) – 2y – 4 = 0
-2y = 4
y = -2

459. A rectangular playground is surrounded

by an 80-foot fence. One side of the
playground is 10 feet longer than the other. By Pythagorean Theorem, we get
Which of the following equations could be y = a√2
used to find the shorter side of the By Pythagorean Theorem again,
playground? 2
102 = a2 + �a√2�
Solution:
100 = a2 + 2a2
Let x be the shorter side, then the longer side
100 = 3a2
is x + 10. The perimeter of a rectangle is
100
P = 2L + 2W a=� 3

80 = 2(x + 10) + 2x 3
80 = 2x + 20 + 2x 100
v = �� 3
� = 192.45
80 = 20 + 4x

460. The glass gauge on a cylindrical coffee 464. The locus of a point, which moves so
maker shows that there are 45 cups left that it is always equidistant from a fixed
when the coffee maker is 36% full. How point.
many cups of coffee does it hold when it is answer: circle
full?
Solution: 465. In polar coordinate system, the polar
0.36x = 45 angle is positive _____.
x = 125 cups answer: when measured counterclockwise

466. A bag contains 4 red, 3 green and 5

blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random.
What is the probability that none of the balls
drawn is blue?
461. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up Solution:
and then a ticket is drawn at random. What number of balls = 12
is the probability that the ticket drawn has a number of blue balls = 5
number which is a multiple of 3 or 5? number of balls that are not blue = 7
Solution: Let S be the sample space:
Sample Space (S) = {1, 2, 3, 4, …,19, 20} n(S) = number of ways of drawing 2 balls
Event (E) = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 5, 10, 20} out of 12
n(E) 9
P= = 20 = 12C2
n(S)
= 66
462. A line with a slope of 2 passes through
(-2, 4). Find the y-intercept. Let E be the event of drawing 2 balls that are
Solution: not blue
y = mx + b n(E) = number of ways of drawing 2 balls
4 = 2(-2) + b out of 7 balls
4 = -4 + b = 7 C2
b=8 = 21

n(E) 21 7
463. The space diagonal of a cube is 10 P= = 66 = 22
n(S)
units. Find its volume.
Solution: 467. Calculate the sum of the year’s digit
depreciation charges for year 2 for electro-
optics equipment with B = $25000, SV =
$4000, and an 8-year recovery period.
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 39
N(N+1) 472. Derives its name from the fact that the
S= 2 book value decreases linearly with time.
N−k+1
dk = S (B − SV) answer: straight line depreciation
where: S = sum of the digits
N = depreciable life or recovery 473. Find the measure of each exterior angle
period of the asset in years of a regular pentagon.
k = any year before N Solution:
B = first cost or initial cost or
cost basis
SV = salvage value

N(N+1) 8(8+1)
S= = = 36
2 2

8−2+1
d2 = (25000 − 4000) = $4083.33
36
From the figure, an exterior angle of a
468. A bag contains 4 red, 3 green and 5 regular pentagon measures
blue balls. One ball is picked up randomly. 180° - 108° = 72°
What is the probability that it is neither
green nor blue? 474. A line that meets a plane but not
Solution: perpendicular to it, in relation to the plane.
number of balls = 12 answer: oblique
Let E = event that the ball drawn is neither
green nor blue 475. Today is Thursday. What day of the
= event that the ball drawn is red week will it be 60 days after?
Solution:
n(E) = 4 There are 7 days in a week. Divide 60 by 7,
if there is no remainder then the answer is
n(E) 4 1 Thursday. If there is a remainder, count
P= = 12 = 3
n(S) forward (the remainder) beginning on
Friday.
469. Find the remainder when the 60/7 = 8 remainder 4, 8(7) = 56 so the
polynomial 6x 3 − 5x 2 + 4x − 17 = 0 is remainder is 4
divided by x − 3. Now count forward for 4 days beginning on
Solution: Friday.
The Remainder Theorem states that if a Friday (1), Saturday (2), Sunday (3) and
polynomial f(x) is divided by x – a, the Monday (4)
remainder is f(a). Applying this theorem to
the problem, we get So 60 days from now is Monday.
f(3) = 6(3)3 − 5(3)2 + 4(3) − 17 = 112
12!
476. Simplify: 9!
470. Two angles having the same vertex and
the side of one is the prolongation of the Solution:
12! 12(11)(10)(9!)
side of the other. 9!
= 9!
= 12(11)(10) = 1320
answer: Vertical angle
477. Find the sum of the interior angles of a
471. The diagram shows part of a scale of a nonagon.
measuring device. The arrow indicates an Solution:
approximate reading of _____. s = (n - 2)(180)
s = (9 - 2)(180)
s = 1260°

478. Indicates a relationship between time

and money—that a peso received today is
worth more than a peso promised at some
a. 10.05 time in the future.
b. 10.15 answer: time value of money
c. 10.25
d. 10.3; The arrow marks a value between 479. How many 3 letter words can we make
10.25 and 10.5 so only d is possible. with the letters in the word LOVE?
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 40
LOVE has four letters. Some of the 3-letter (x - 6)(x - 2) = 0
words that we can make are: LOV, LOE,
OLV, OVL, etc.. Since order is important, it x = 6 or x = 2
is a permutation. Hence, the number of 3-
letter words that we can make is The required answer is 6 + 2 = 8.
n!
nPr =
(n−r)!
4! 4! 4(3)(2)(1)
484. It is sometimes called the constant-
4P3 = (4−3)! = 1! = 1
= 24 percentage method or the Matheson formula.
It is also known as the fixed percentage or
480. A ball is thrown straight up from the uniform percentage method.
top of a 64 foot tall building with an initial answer: Declining-Balance (DB) Method
speed of 48 feet per second. The height
of the ball as a function of time can be 485. The diagonals of a rhombus are _____.
modeled by the function answer: perpendicular
h(t) = –16t2 + 48t + 64. How long will it
take for the ball to hit the ground? 486. If ☼ and ◊ are whole numbers, and
Solution:
-16t2 + 48t + 64 = 0 ☼ x ◊ = 36. The largest possible value of
-16(t2 - 3t - 4) = 0 ☼ + ◊ is _____.
-16(t + 1)(t – 4) = 0
The possible values of the sum is
t + 1 = 0 or t – 4 = 0
tabulated below:
t = -1 or t = 4
☼ ◊ ☼+◊
t = 4 seconds
36 1 37
481. Find x and y so that the quadrilateral 18 2 20
shown is a parallelogram. Give your answer 12 3 15
as x + y. 9 4 13
6 6 12

487. In this method of computing for

depreciation, salvage value is defined as
zero and useful life estimates are not used
directly in calculating depreciation amounts.
answer: Modified Accelerated Cost
Solution: Recovery System
AB = CD
4y = 6y – 42 488. The measure of an interior angle of a
42 = 2y regular polygon is 162°, find the number of
y = 21 sides.
Solution:
AD = BC s = (n - 2)(180)
6x -12 = 2x + 36 162n = (n - 2)(180)
4x = 48 162n = 180n – 360
x = 12 n = 20 sides

The required answer is x + y = 12 + 21 = 33. 489. In how many ways can 4 boys and 3
girls be seated in a row of 7 seats if the end
482. It is the simplest depreciation method. seats are to be occupied by boys?
answer: Straight-Line (SL) Method Solution:
There are 4 boys and 3 girls and 7 seats. The
483. Find the sum of the possible values of 1st seat can be filled in 4 ways by any of the
x. 4 boys. The 7th seat can filled by any of the
3 x remaining 3 boys. The 2nd seat can be filled
x
+4=2
by any of the 5 remaining boys and girls.
Solution: The 3rd seat can be filled by any of the 4
Multiply both sides by 4x to remove remaining boys and girls, etc … Hence, the
denominators. 7 seats can be filled in
3 x
� + = 2� (4x)
x 4
P = 4(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)(3) = 1440 ways
12 + x2 = 8x
x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 490. A laser surgical tool has a cost basis of
Factor. $200,000 and a five-year depreciable life.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 41
The estimated salvage value of the laser is _______________ii. calculate the book
$20,000 at the end of five years. value of the asset after year 4
_______________i. Determine the annual
depreciation amount using the straight line Solution:
method. i. annual depreciation
_______________ii. Determine the book B−SV
d= N
value of the laser at the end of year 3.
where: d = annual depreciation
_______________ iii. Determine the book
B = first cost or initial cost or cost
value of the laser at the end of year 5.
basis
N = depreciable life or recovery
Solution:
period of the asset in years
i. annual depreciation
B−SV
d= N 50000−10000
d= 5
= $8000
where: d = annual depreciation
B = first cost or initial cost or cost
ii. book value at the end of year 4
basis
Dk = k(d)
N = depreciable life or recovery
BVk = B − Dk
period of the asset in years
where: Dk = cumulative depreciation
B−SV 200000−20000 through year k
d= N
= 5
= $36000 k = any year before N
BVk = book value at the end of
ii. book value at the end of year 3 year k
Dk = k(d)
BVk = B − Dk D4 = 4(8000) = $32000
where: Dk = cumulative depreciation BV4 = 50000 − 32000 = $18000
through year k
k = any year before N 494. A new electric saw for cutting small
BVk = book value at the end of pieces of lumber in a furniture
year k manufacturing plant has a cost basis of
$4,000 and a 10-year depreciable life. The
D3 = 3(36000) = $108000 estimated salvage value of the saw is zero at
BV3 = 200000 − 108000 = $92000 the end of 10years.Use the declining balance
method to calculate the annual depreciation,
iii. book value at the end of year 5 cumulative depreciation and book value at
D5 = 5(36000) = $180000 the end of year 6 when
BV5 = 200000 − 180000 = $20000 i. R=2/N (200%DBmethod) _____________
ii. R=1.5/N (150%DBmethod) ___________
491. What is the sum of the exterior angles Solution:
of a pentadecagon? i. d = B(1 − R)k−1 (R)
“The sum of the exterior angles of a Dk = B�1 − (1 − R)k �
polygon is 360°.” BVk = B(1 − R)k
where: d = annual depreciation
492. The price of an item is increased by Dk = cumulative depreciation
25%. Now there is a sale, the price of the through year k
item is 20% off the increased price. Which B = first cost or initial cost or cost
statement best describes the sale price of the basis
item? BVk = book value at the end of
a. The sale price is 5% higher than the year k
original price. R = ratio of the depreciation in
b. The sale price is the same as the any one year to the book
original price. value at the beginning of the
c. The sale price is lower than the original year
price by 5%. N = depreciable life or recovery
d. The sale price is 25% higher than the period of the asset in years
original price.
R = 2/N = 2/10 = 0.2
493. An asset has a first cost of $50,000 with
a $10,000 estimated salvage value after 5 d = 4000(1 − 0.2)5 (0.2) = $262.144
years. Using straight line depreciation,
_______________ i. calculate the annual D6 = 4000[1 − (1 − 0.2)6 ] = $2951.424
depreciation

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 42
6 $1.33
BV6 = 4000(1 − 0.2) = $1048.576 50000 − hour (10000 hours) = $36700

R = 1.5/N = 1.5/10 = 0.15

498. Two opposite angles of a parallelogram
measure (5x - 25)° and (3x + 5)°. Find the
d = 4000(1 − 0.15)5 (0.15) = $266.22
measures of the angles.
Solution:
D6 = 4000[1 − (1 − 0.15)6 ] = $2491.4
In a parallelogram, opposite angles are
congruent and consecutive angles are
BV6 = 4000(1 − 0.15)6 = $1508.6 supplementary (the sum is 180°).
5x – 25 = 3x + 5
495. In rectangle ABCD, AC = 6x + 14 and 2x = 30
BD = 9x + 5. Find the length of its diagonal. x = 15
Solution: The measures of the angles are
5(15) – 25 = 50° and
3(15) + 5 = 50°

499. A man borrows $10,000 for 3 years

with a simple interest rate of 8% per year.
Compute the total interest he will pay.
Solution:
I = Pin; where: I = interest
From the figure, P = principal
AC = BD i = rate of interest for a single
6x + 14 = 9x + 5 period
9 = 3x n = number of periods
x=3
I = Pin = 10000(0.08)(3) = $2400
The length of the diagonal is
9(3) + 5 = 32 units 500. Find the geometric mean of 80 and 20.
6(3) + 14 = 32 units Solution:
496. If rose bushes are spaced about 1 foot geometric mean = �xy = �80(20) = 40
apart, approximately how many bushes are
needed to surround a circular patio whose 501. point. In geometry, it is a location. It
radius is 12 feet? has no size i.e. no width, no length and no
Solution: depth. It is represented by a dot.
C = 2πr = 2π(12) = 75 ft
n = 75 ft/1 ft = 75 rose bushes 502. conics or conic sections. These are
curves that result from the intersection of a
497. A piece of equipment used in a right circular cone and a plane.
business has a basis of $50,000 and is
expected to have a $10,000 salvage value 503. True or False. The acceleration of an
when replaced after 30,000 hours of use. object measures the rate of change in its
Find its depreciation rate per hour of use, velocity.
and find its book value after10,000 hours of
operation. ____________________ 504. binomial. Sum of two terms. An
Solution: example ax + b.
B−SV
Dp = n
505. pyramid. A solid with the following
where: B = first cost or initial cost or characteristics:
cost basis i. All of the faces, except one face, intersect
Dp = depreciation per unit of at a point called the vertex.
production ii. The face that does not contain the vertex
n = estimated lifetime production is called the base and is a polygonal region.
units iii. The faces meeting at the vertex are called
SV = salvage value lateral faces and are triangular regions.
50000−10000
Dp = 30000 hours
= $1.33 per hour 506. The surface area of a cube is 96 m2.
Find its volume.
book value after 10000 hours: Solution:
S = 6a2

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 43
2
96 = 6a 515. right cone. A cone with an axis that is
a=4m also an altitude.
V = a3 = 43 = 64 m3
516. Book Value (BV). The worth of a
507. centroid. The center of mass of an depreciable property as shown on the
object. It is the point where the object would accounting records of a company.
balance if supported by a single support.
517. Market Value (MV). The amount that
508. resultant. The sum of two vectors. will be paid by a willing buyer to a willing
seller for a property, where each has equal
509. Interest. is payment for the use of advantage and is under no compulsion to
money. It is the excess cash received or buy or sell.
repaid over and above the amount lent or
borrowed (principal). 518. sphere. Defined as the set of all points
equidistant from a single point in space.
510. point of concurrency. The point of 519. annuity. A series of equal payments
intersection of concurrent lines. occurring at equal periods of time.

511. Adjusted (cost) basis. The original 520. point of symmetry. The common point
cost basis of the asset, adjusted by allowable of reflection for all points of a figure.
increases or decreases, is used to compute
depreciation deductions. 521. ordinary annuity. An annuity where
the payments are made at the end of each
512. _______________ Shown in the figure period.
below is circle β with center at M and circle
ϕ with center at K. The radius of circle β is 522. supplementary angles. Two angles
22 feet and the radius of circle ϕ is 18 feet. with measures that have a sum of 180°.
The centers of the circles are in a straight
line. If YZ = 20 feet, find MK. 523. deferred annuity. An annuity where
the first payment is made several periods
after the beginning of the annuity.

524. radius. In a circle, any segment with

endpoints that are the center of the circle and
a point on the circle. In a sphere, any
segment with endpoints that are the center of
the sphere and a point on the sphere.

525. annuity due. An annuity where the

payments are made at the beginning of each
period.
Solution:
YX = XZ = 20/2 = 10 feet 526. recovery period. The number of years
over which the basis of a property is
By Pythaorean Theorem, recovered through the accounting process.
MX = √222 − 102 = 19.6 feet
527. right cylinder. A cylinder with an axis
XK = √182 − 102 = 14.97 feet that is also an altitude.

MK = MX + XK = 19.6 + 14.97 = 34.57 feet 528. salvage value. The estimated value of a
property at the end of its useful life.
513. Basis or cost basis. The initial cost of
acquiring an asset (purchase price plus any 529. useful life. The expected or estimated
sales taxes), including transportation period that a property will be used in a trade
expenses and other normal costs of making or business to produce income.
the asset serviceable for its intended use;
this amount is also called the unadjusted 530. point of tangency. For a line that
cost basis. intersects a circle in only one point, the
point at which they intersect.
514. parallelogram. A quadrilateral whose
opposite sides are equal. 531. dodecahedron. A polyhedron with
twelve faces.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 44
532. even number. An natural number that x = -5
is divisible evenly by 2. The line intersects the x-axis at (-5,0) and
the y-axis at (0,10). The required area is a
533. right triangle. A triangle with a right right triangle with base 5 units and height 10
angle. The side opposite the right angle is units. So the area is
1
called the hypotenuse. The other two sides A = 2 (5)(10) = 25 square units
are called legs.
545. reflection. A transformation
534. In probability, an event is a set of
representing a flip of the figure over a point,
outcomes.
line, or plane.
535. ratio. A comparison of two quantities
546. icosahedron. A polyhedron with 20
using division.
faces.
536. exponent. A number that indicates the
547. The plane rectangular coordinate
operation of repeated multiplication.
system is divided into four parts known as
_______________.
537. Depletion is a book method (noncash)
ans. quadrants
to represent the decreasing value of a natural
resource as it is recovered, removed, or
548. tessellation. A pattern that covers a
felled.
plane by transforming the same figure or set
of figures so that there are no overlapping or
538. Factoring. The process of splitting a
empty spaces.
complicated expression into the product of
two or more simpler expressions, called
549. hexadecimal number. A number
factors.
written in base 16.
539. When a particle moves in a circle with
550. postulates. A statement that describes
constant speed, the motion is called uniform
a fundamental relationship between the
circular motion.
basic terms of geometry. They are accepted
as true without proof.
540. _______________ Closed three-
dimensional figures made up of flat
551. The rectangular coordinate system in
polygonal regions.
space is divided into eight compartments
ans. polyhedrons
known as _______________.
ans. octants
541. _______________ A region of a circle
bounded by a central angle and its
552. Because the acceleration in uniform
intercepted arc.
circular motion is always directed toward
ans. sector of a circle or circular sector
the center of the circle, it is sometimes
called _______________.
542. _______________ An equation that is
ans. centripetal acceleration
true for every possible value of the
unknowns.
553. ellipse. A conic section whose
ans. identity
eccentricity is less than 1.
543. _______________ A statement or
554. combinatorics. It is branch of discrete
conjecture that can be proven true by
mathematics and can be defined as the art of
undefined terms, definitions, and postulates.
counting.
ans. theorem
555. right prism. A prism with lateral edges
544. _______________ Find the area
that are also altitudes.
bounded by the line 2x – y + 10 = 0 and the
coordinate axes.
556. parabola. A conic section whose
Solution:
eccentricity is equal to 1.
Find the x and y-intercepts.
Set x = 0, then
557. inequality. A statement of this form:
2(0) - y + 10 = 0
“x is less than y,” written as x < y, or “x is
y = 10
greater than y,” written as x > y.
Set y = 0, then
2x – 0 + 10 = 0

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 45
558. algebraic expression. Consists of one 571. A _______________ for a function is a
or more numbers and variables along with point where the first derivative(s) is (are)
one or more arithmetic operations. zero.
ans. critical point
559. hexahedron. A polyhedron with six
faces. It is also known as a cube. 572. If a wheel rolls along a flat surface, a
point on the wheel traces out a multiarch
560. prism. A solid with the following curve known as a _______________.
characteristics: ans. cycloid
i. Two faces, called bases, are formed by
congruent polygons that lie in parallel 573. denominator. The bottom part of a
planes. fraction.
ii. The faces that are not bases, called lateral
faces, are formed by parallelograms. 574. When a force involves direct contact
iii. The intersections of two adjacent lateral between two bodies, such as a push or pull
faces are called lateral edges and are parallel that you exert on an object with your hand,
segments. we call it a _______________.
ans. contact force
561. True or False. The determinant of a
matrix is a number that is useful in 575. regular polyhedron. A polyhedron in
describing the characteristics of the matrix. which all of the faces are regular congruent
polygons.
562. space. A boundless three-dimensional
set of all points. 576. concentric circles. All circles with the
same center but unequal radii.
563. _______________ Determine the
distance from A(1,1) to line x – 2y + 8 = 0. 577. To _______________ means to find all
Solution: values of the variable that make the equation
Ax1 +By1 +C a true statement.
d = � √A 2 2
�
+B ans. solve an equation
1(1)+(−2)(1)+8
d=� � = 3.13 units
�1+(−2)2
578. scalene triangle. A triangle with no
two sides congruent.
564. transversal. A line that intersects two
or more lines in a plane at different points.
579. A projectile is any body that is given
an initial velocity and then follows a path
565. regular polygon. A convex polygon in
determined entirely by the effects of
which all of the sides are congruent and all
gravitational acceleration and air resistance.
of the angles are congruent.
580. An indirect proof in which one assumes
566. Time Value of Money. This concept
that the statement to be proved is false.
explains the change in the amount of money
ans. proof by contradiction
over time for both owned and borrowed
funds.
581. In probability theory, the set of possible
outcomes of an experiment is termed as
567. Economic Equivalence. A
_______________.
combination of time value of money and
ans. sample space
interest rate that makes different sums of
money at different times have equal
582. _______________ is the velocity of an
economic value.
object in motion at a specific point in time.
ans. Instantaneous velocity
568. scale factor. The ratio of the lengths of
two corresponding sides of two similar
583. _______________ An arc that
polygons or two similar solids.
measures 180 degrees.
ans. semi-circle
569. cube. A solid with six congruent square
faces.
584. _______________ If equals are added
to equals, the sum is equal.
570. proof. A logical argument in which
ans. theorem
each statement you make is supported by a
statement that is accepted as true.
585. _______________ A right prism with
bases that are regular polygons.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 46
ans. regular prism

586. The path followed by a projectile is

called its _______________.
ans. trajectory

587. _______________ Any line that

intersects a circle in exactly two points. Solution:
1
ans. secant XY = (AB + CD)
2
588. A sequence of numbers is a 1
_______________ if the reciprocals of the 15 = 2 (AB + 22)
terms form an arithmetic sequence. 30 = AB + 22
ans. harmonic sequence AB = 8

589. geometric probability. Probability 602. A man borrows $10,000 for 3 months
that involves a geometric measure such as with a simple interest rate of 8% per year.
length or area. Compute the total interest he will pay.
Solution:
590. regular pyramid. A pyramid with a I = Pin = 10000(0.08)(3/12) = $200
base that is a regular polygon.
603. Every parallelogram is a _____.
591. cash flow. The flow of money into and a. square
out of a company, project, or activity. b. rectangle
c. quadrilateral
592. opportunity cost. A forgone d. rhombus
opportunity caused by the inability to pursue
a project. 604. A number multiplied by _____ equals
unity.
593. segment bisector. A segment, line, or a. infinity
plane that intersects a segment at its b. negative one
midpoint. c. zero
d. its reciprocal
594. nominal interest rate. Does not
include any compounding. 605. A cannon is fired with muzzle velocity
of 150 m/s at an angle of 45°.
595. regular tessellation. A tessellation i. What is the maximum height the projectile
formed by only one type of regular polygon. reaches? __________
ii. How far away did the projectile land
596. effective interest rate. The actual rate (range)? __________
over a period of time because compounding iii. Where is the projectile at 10 seconds
is imputed. after firing? __________
Solution:
597. segment of a circle. The region of a
circle bounded by an arc and a chord.

598. vector. A directed segment

representing a quantity that has both
magnitude, or length, and direction.

599. salvage/market value. Expected trade- i. maximum height of the projectile, H

in, market, or scrap value at the end of the At the highest point, the vertical velocity
estimated life or the study period. Vy = 0.

600. proportion. An equation of the form Voy 2 (Vo sin θ)2

a c H= =
= that states that two ratios are equal. 2g 2g
b d (150 sin 45)2
H= = 573.98 m
2(9.8)
601. In isosceles trapezoid ABCD, XY is the
median. Given that CD = 22 and XY = 15, ii. horizontal range, R
find AB. Vo 2 sin 2θ 1502 sin 90
R= g
= 9.8
= 2295.918 m

iii. position at t = 10 seconds, x and y

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 47
x = (Vocosθ)t = (150)(cos 45)(10) = 1061 m v. compounded daily
F = P(1 + i)n
y = (Vosinθ)t – ½ gt2 0.09 3(365)
y = (150sin 45)(10) – ½ (9.8)(10)2 = 571 m F = 10000 �1 + 365 � = $13099.21

606. In a triangle, the ratio of the measures 608. A batter hits a baseball so that it leaves
of three sides is 3:4:5, and its perimeter is 90 the bat at a speed Vo = 37 m/s at an angle
inches. Find the area of the triangle. θ = 53.1°
Solution: i. Find the position of the ball and its
3x + 4x + 5x = 90 velocity (magnitude and direction) at t = 2
x = 7.5 seconds
ii. Find the time when the ball reaches the
The side lengths of the triangle are highest point of its flight. __________
3x = 3(7.5) = 22.5 iii. Find the highest point of the flight of the
4x = 4(7.5) = 30 baseball. __________
5x = 5(7.5) = 37.5 iv. Find the horizontal range R (the
horizontal distance from the starting point to
Using the Heron’s Formula, where the ball hits the ground) and the time
A = �s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) when it hits the ground. __________
a+b+c Solution:
where: s = 2
22.5+30+37.5
s= 2
= 45

s – a = 22.5
s – b = 15
s – c = 7.5

A = �45(22.5)(15)(7.5) = 337.5 i. We want to find x, y, V and α when t = 2

seconds.
607. Find the accumulated amount after 3 x = (Vocosθ) = (37cos53.1)(2) = 44.43 m
years of $10000 deposited in a bank that
earns compound interest of 9% per year 1
y = (Vo sin θ)t − 2 gt 2
i. compounded annually: _______________
1
ii. compounded semiannually: ___________ y = (37 sin 53.1)(2) − 2 (9.8)(2)2
iii. compounded quarterly: ______________ y = 39.58 m
iv. compounded monthly: ______________
v. compounded daily: _________________ Vx = Vox = Vocosθ = 37cos53.1 = 22.22 m/s
Solution:
F = P(1 + i)n Vy = Voy – gt = Vosinθ – gt
where: F = future value Vy = 37sin53.1 – 9.8(2) = 9.99 m/s
P = principal/present value
i = rate of interest for a single 2
period v = �(Vx )2 + �Vy �
n = number of periods
i. compounded annually v = �(22.22)2 + (9.99)2 = 24.4 m/s
F = P(1 + i)n
F = 10000(1 + 0.09)3 = $12950.29 The direction of v is
Vy 9.99
ii. compounded semiannually tan α = V = 22.22
x
F = P(1 + i)n
0.09 3(2) 9.99
F = 10000 �1 + � = $13022.6 α = tan−1 22.22 = 24.21°
2

iii. compounded quarterly The ball is moving 24.4 m/s in a direction

F = P(1 + i)n 24.21° above the horizontal.
0.09 3(4)
F = 10000 �1 + 4
� = $13060.5 ii. At the highest point, the vertical velocity
Vy is zero. Call the time when this happens
iv. compounded monthly t1; then
F = P(1 + i)n Vy = Voy – gt1 = 0
0.09 3(12) Voy = gt1
F = 10000 �1 + � = $13086.45
12 Vosinθ = gt1
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 48
37sin53.1 = 9.8t1 P = 8(7)(6)(5) = 1680 ways
t1 = 3.02 seconds
615. A sports car has a “lateral acceleration”
iii. The highest point of the flight of the of 9.4 m/s2. This is the maximum centripetal
baseball is acceleration the car can sustain without
Voy 2 (Vo sin θ)2 skidding out of a curved path. If the car is
H= =
2g 2g traveling at a constant 40 m/s on level
(37 sin 53.1)2
H= = 44.7 m ground, what is the radius R of the tightest
2(9.8)
unbanked curve it can negotiate?
Solution:
iv. Let t2 be the time when the ball touches V2
the ground. R=a
rad
2Voy 2V sin θ 2(37)(sin 53.1)
t 2 = g = og = where: R = radius of object’s circular
9.8
path
t 2 = 6.04 seconds
Vo 2 sin 2θ 372 sin 106.2
v = speed of object
R= g
= 9.8
= 134.15 m arad = magnitude of acceleration
of an object in uniform
609. The scale in a plumbing plan is 1:100. circular motion
What does this mean?
V2 402
a. 1 inch in plan is 100 feet in actual R=a = = 170.2 m
rad 9.4
b. 1 mm in plan is 100 cm in actual
c. 1 cm in plan is 100 m in actual 616. The length of a model car is 6.5 inches
d. 1 cm in plan is 100 cm in actual long. If the length of the real car is 13 feet,
what is the scale factor of the model car
610. If the stated annual rate is 8% compared to the real car?
compounded quarterly, the effective annual Solution:
rate is: Convert inches to feet.
Solution: 1 feet 13
Effective rate = (1 + i)n − 1 6.5 inches x 12 inches = 24 feet
0.08 4 The scale factor is
Effective rate = �1 + 4
� − 1 = 8.24% 13
1
24
= 24
13
611. In a projectile motion, the trajectory is
always a _____. Note: Both measurement must have the
ans. parabola same unit of measure.

612. The ratios of the measures of three 617. Passengers on a carnival ride move at
angles of a triangle are 5:7:8. Find the constant speed in a horizontal circle of
measure of each angle of the triangle. radius 5 m, making a complete circle in 4 s.
Solution: What is their acceleration?
The sum of the interior angle of a triangle is Solution:
180°. 2πR
V= T
where: T = time for one revolution (one
5x + 7x + 8x = 180
complete trip around the
20x = 180
circle)
x=9
2πR = circumference of the
circle
The angles are 2πR 2π(5)
5x = 5(9) = 45° V = T = 4 = 7.85 m/s
7x = 7(9) = 63°
8x = 8(9) = 72° V2
R=a
rad
613. If every element of a column (or row) where: R = radius of object’s circular
of a square matrix is multiplied by n, the path
determinant of the matrix will be: v = speed of object
ans. multiplied by n arad = magnitude of acceleration
of an object in uniform
614. A baseball team consists of nine circular motion
V2
players. Find the number of ways of R=a
arranging the first four positions in the rad
7.852
batting order if the pitcher is excluded. 5= arad
Solution: arad = 12.32 m/s2

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 49
618. 0! = _____ (0! is read as zero factorial) height of 90 ft? Assume the weight of water
a. 1 (ans.) to be 8- ½ lbs per gallon
b. 0 Solution:
c. undefined 33000 ft−lbs
1 horsepower = min
d. infinite
Convert gallons to lbs. From the problem
1 gal = 8 ½ lbs = 8.5 lbs
619. The principles of dynamics were 8.5 lbs
clearly stated for the first time by _____ . 10000 gal x 1 gal = 85000 lbs
Today, we call them Newton’s laws of We know that 1 hour is 60 minutes, so
motion.
a. Galileo Galilei 90 ft (85000 lbs) 1 hp
b. René Descartes No. of hp = � ft−lbs �
60 min 33000
min
c. Sir Isaac Newton (ans.)
127500 ft−lbs 1 hp
d. Aristotle = min
� ft−lbs �
33000
min
620. The scale on the map of a certain place = 3.86 hp
ft−lbs
is 2 centimeters:160 miles. The width of that Note: Notice the cancellation of .
min
place on the map is 4.1 centimeters. How
long would it take you to drive across that 625. A company deposited $250,000,000.
place if you drive at an average of 60 mph? How much will the company have on
Solution: deposit at the end of 4 years if interest is
Let x (in miles) be the width of the place in 10%, compounded semiannually?
actual. Then Solution:
x 160 miles
4.1 cm
= 2 cm F = P(1 + i)n
x = 328 miles 0.1 4(2)
F = 250000000 �1 + 2
�
We know that,
d = Vt F = $369363860.9
So,
328 = 60t 626. The tens digit of a certain number is 3
t = 5.47 hours less than the units digit. The sum of the
digits is 11. What is the number?
621. If the total fall of a house sewer is 24 Solution:
inches per 120 feet, what is the slope per Let t be the tens’ digit and u be the units’
foot of this sewer? digit.
Solution: t = u – 3 (eq. 1)
Since the sewer has a total length of 120 t + u = 11 (eq. 2)
feet, the slope per foot is Substitute eq. 1 into eq. 2,
24 inch/120 feet = 0.2 inch/feet u – 3 + u = 11
2u = 14
622. Which of the following numbers is the u=7
largest?
a. 0.99 (ans.) It follows that,
b. 0.9099 t=7–3=4
c. 0.9
d. 0.909 So the number is 47.

623. A triangle has side lengths of 3 meters, 627. Find the determinant of
5 meters, and 4 meters. The triangle is 4 2 6
enlarged so that the larger triangle is similar �−1 −4 5�
to the original and the scale factor is 3. Find 3 7 2
Solution:
the perimeter of the larger triangle.
Copy the first two columns to make it five
Solution:
columns as shown.
The dimensions of the enlarge triangle are
Multiply diagonally downward. Then add
3(3) = 9 meters
the products.
5(3) = 15 meters
Multiply diagonally upward. Then add the
4(3) = 12 meters
products.
Then, sum of diagonally downward products
So the perimeter is
minus sum of diagonally upward products
P = 9 + 15 + 12 = 36 meters
equals the determinant.
624. What is the number of the horsepower
to lift 10,000 gallons of water per hour to a
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 50
4 2 6 4 2 (-2,3) and one point on the circumference of
det �−1 −4 5� −1 −4� the circle is (4,5), the radius is the distance
3 7 2 3 7 between (-2,3) and (4,5). By the distance
= [(4)(-4)(2) + (2)(5)(3) + (6)(-1)(7)] formula, the radius is
- [(3)(-4)(6) + (7)(5)(4) + (2)(-1)(2)]
r = �(−2 − 4)2 + (3 − 5)2 = √40
= (-32 + 30 - 42) – (-72 + 140 - 4)
= -44 - 64
So, r2 = 40
= -108
The standard equation of a circle with center
628. The study of shape and size.
at (h, k) and radius r is
a. engineering and architecture
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
b. astronomy
c. trigonometry
So the equation of the circle is
d. geometry (ans.)
(x + 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = 40
x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 - 6x + 9 = 40
629. −15 + 9 × (6 ÷ 3) = _____
x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y – 27 = 0
Solution:
By the order of operations,
ii. Area of the circle.
1) anything in parentheses, then
A = πr2 = (π)(40) = 40π = 125.66 sq. units
2) exponents, then
3) multiplication or division, in order from
iii. Circumference of the circle.
left to right, then
4) addition or subtraction, in order from left C = 2πr = 2π√40 = 39.74 units
to right
−15 + 9 × (6 ÷ 3) 632. Find the mean, median, mode and
= −15 + 9 × 2 = 15 + 18 = 3 range of the following numbers.
40, 29, 40, 23, 24, 20, 29, 40, 14, 40, 20
630. In the following figure, AB is parallel mean: __________
to CD, find BE and CE. median: __________
mode: __________
range: __________
Solution:
First we arrange the list of numbers form
lowest to highest.
14, 20, 20, 23, 24, 29, 29, 40, 40, 40, 40

Mean is the average. So we get the average,

mean =
14+20+20+23+24+29+29+40+40+40+40
11
mean = 29
Solution: Median is the middle number when the
Since triangle ABE is similar to triangle number of terms is odd. When the number
DCE, of terms is even, the median is the average
AB BE
CD
= CE of the two middle numbers.
2 x−1
5
= x+5 median = 29
2(x + 5) = 5(x - 1)
2x + 10 = 5x – 5 Mode is the number that occurs most often.
15 = 3x
x=5 mode = 40 (appeared 4 times)

BE = 5 – 1 = 4 Range is the difference between the highest

CE = 5 + 5 = 10 number and lowest number.

631. A circle has its center at point (-2,3) range = 40 – 14 = 26

and passes at point (4,5). Find the following:
i. Equation of the circle. ________________ 633. The common endpoint of an angle.
ii. Area of the circle. __________________ a. interior angle
iii. Circumference of the circle. __________ b. edge of an angle
Solution: c. vertex of an angle (ans.)
i. Equation of the circle. d. exterior angle
Since the center of the circle is at point

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 51
634. ABCD is a parallelogram, find the area Let V be the speed of the motorboat in still
of BCDE. water and x be the speed of the current.
70 miles
V − x = 4 hours
however, x = 6 miles per hour

6 miles 70 miles
V − hour = 4 hours
V = 23.5 miles per hour

Solution: 639. The counting numbers are the same as

Since BC = AD, the _____ : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, . . . They are
AE = 10 – 6 = 4 the numbers you use to count something.
[BCDE] = [ABCD] – [BEA] a. integers
[BCDE] = (8)(10) – (1/2)(4)(8) b. real numbers
= 64 sq. units. c. natural numbers (answer)
d. imaginary numbers
635. How many 4 digit numbers can you
make using the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 without 640. How many liters of 20% alcohol
repetitions? solution should be added to 40 liters of a
Solution: 50% alcohol solution to make a 30%
We have 4 choices for the first digit, 3 solution?
choices for the second digit, 2 choices for
the third digit and one choice for the fourth
digit. Using the counting principle, we can
make
P = 4(3)(2)(1) = 24 4-digit numbers
or Solution:
P = 4! = 24 4-digit numbers (0.2)(x) + (0.5)(40) = (0.3)(x + 40)
0.2x + 20 = 0.3x = 12
636. The tens digit of a number is twice the x = 80 liters
units digit. If the digits are reversed, the new
number is 27 less than the original. Find the 641. One pound per square inch is
original number. equivalent to how many feet of water?
Solution: a. 4.21 ft
Let t be the tens’ digit and u be the units’ b. 3.27 ft
digit. The original number is 10t + u and the c. 1.24 ft
reversed number is 10u + t. d. 2.31 ft (answer)
t = 2u (eq. 1)
10u + t = 10t + u – 27 (eq. 2) 642. In a right triangle the sum of the
Substitute eq.1 into eq. 2, squares of the two legs is equal to the square
10u + 2u = 10(2u) + u – 27 of the longest side (hypotenuse).
12u = 20u + u – 27 a. Thales’s Theorem
-9u = -27 b. Pythagorean Theorem (answer)
u=3 c. Ceva’s Theorem
d. British Flag Theorem
It follows that,
t = 2(3) = 6 643. The amount of heat required to change
ice to liquid water is _____.
So the original number is, answer: 144 Btu
63
644. What is the present value of $73,466 to
637. A measure of the amount of space be paid in 5 years discounted at 8%
enclosed by a three-dimensional figure. compounded annually?
answer: volume Solution:
F = P(1 + i)n
638. A motorboat went 70 miles in 4 hours 73466 = P(1 + 0.08)5
when traveling at full speed upstream on a P = $50000
river whose current flows at the rate of 6
miles per hour. How fast can the boat travel 645. How many gallons of water can a 75 hp
in still water? engine raise 150 ft in 5 hours? Assume one
Solution: gallon of water weighs 8-1/2 lbs.
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 52
power =
force x displacement a b
time
� �
33000 ft−lbs
c d
1 horsepower = min
Solution:
a b
let F be the force det � � = ad − cb
c d
F(150 ft) 1 hp
75hp = � ft−lbs �
5(60) min 33000
min 649. One angle of a 28 inches x 35 inches
F = 4950000 lbs parallelogram is 80°. Find the sum of the
lengths of its diagonals.
Convert lbs. to gallons. From the problem Solution:
1 gal = 8 ½ lbs = 8.5 lbs
1 gal
4950000 lbs x 8.5 lbs = 582352.9412 gal

646. There are 2 boys for every 3 girls in a

math class. If there are 30 students in that
class, what percent are boys?
Solution:
The ratio of boys to girls is 2:3. The total is
2 + 3 = 5, so the number of boys is
(2/5)(30) = 12 Consecutive angles in a parallelogram are
The percent of boys is supplementary. So the other angle is 100°.
(12/30)(100%) = 40% By Law of Cosines,
x2 = 282 + 352 – 2(28)(35)(cos 80)
647. Find the lengths of BC and FC. x = 40.849 inches

y2 = 282 + 352 – 2(28)(35)(cos 100)

y = 48.47 inches

The lengths of the diagonals is

x + y = 40.849 + 48.47 = 89 inches

650. 48 ÷ 2 × 12 = _____
Solution:
By the order of operations,
1) anything in parentheses, then
2) exponents, then
3) multiplication or division, in order from
left to right, then
4) addition or subtraction, in order from left
to right
Solution: 48 ÷ 2 × 12 = 24 × 12 = 288
BC 40 4 5
FC
= 50 = 5; FC = 4 BC Note: In step 3, multiplication or division, in
order from left to right.
CD 40 4 3 8 14
FC
= 30 = 3; FC = 4 CD 651. Solve the proportion: 10 = m
Solution:
FC = FC 8 14
5 3 10
=m
4
BC = 4 CD 8m = 10(14)
5BC = 3CD m = 17.5
5
CD = 3 BC
652. Twenty less than four times a certain
However, BC + CD = 40. So number is 4. Determine the number.
5 Solution:
BC + 3 BC = 40 Let x be the number.
BC = 15 4x – 20 = 4
4x = 24
It follows that, x=6
5 5
FC = 4 BC = 4 (15) = 18.75
653. Force is equal to the change in
648. Calculate the determinant of momentum (mV) per change in time. For a
constant mass, force equals mass times
acceleration (F = ma).
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 53
a. Newton’s First Law of Motion 250 sq. ft. on the second coat, how many
b. Newton’s Second Law of Motion (ans.) gallons are needed?
c. Newton’s Third Law of Motion Solution:
d. Translational Momentum The lateral area of the pipe is
AL = CL where C = circumference and
654. Every object will remain at rest or in L = length
7
uniform motion in a straight line unless AL = π �12� (200) = 366.52 ft 2
compelled to change its state by the action
of an external force.
First Coat:
a. Newton’s First Law of Motion (ans.) 1 gal
b. Newton’s Second Law of Motion 366.52 ft 2 x 200 ft2 = 1.8326 gal
c. Newton’s Third Law of Motion Second Coat:
d. Translational Momentum 1 gal
366.52 ft 2 x 250 ft2 = 1.466 gal
655. A ladder leans against a wall. The Total gallons = 1.8326 + 1.466 = 3.3 gal
bottom of the ladder is 15 feet away from
the wall and the top of the ladder is 10 feet 660. Find x and y.
above the floor. Find the length of the ladder
in yards.
Solution:
By Pythagorean Theorem,
L = √152 + 102 = 18 feet
1 yard = 3 feet

1 yard
L = 18 feet x 3 feet = 6 yards

656. Suppose a friend asks to borrow $500

today and promises to repay you $700 three Solution:
years from now. What is the annual interest
rate you would be agreeing to?
Solution:
F = P(1 + i)n
700 = 500(1 + i)3
1.4 = (1 + i)3
1
Raised both sides to 3
1
[1.4 = (1 + i)3 ]3
1
1.43 = 1 + i
i = 11.87% 6
tan θ = 8; θ = 36.87°
x
657. For every action, there is an equal and cos 36.87° = 8
opposite re-action. x = 6.4 cm
a. Newton’s First Law of Motion β = 90° - 36.87° = 53.13°
b. Newton’s Second Law of Motion
c. Newton’s Third Law of Motion (ans.) y
cos 53.13° = 6
d. Translational Momentum
y = 3.6 cm
658. _______________ An interest rate that
equates a PW or AW relation to zero. Also 661. A temperature of 180°F is
defined as the rate on the unpaid balance of approximately equal to?
borrowed money, or rate earned on the Solution:
5
unrecovered balance of an investment such °C = 9 (°F − 32)
that the last cash flow brings the balance 5
°C = 9 (180° − 32) = 82.22°
exactly to zero.
answer: rate of return
662. Approximately how many years would
659. Two coats of paint are required for an it take for an investment of $5,250 to
elevated water pipe line 7 inches in outside accumulate to $15,000, assuming interest is
diameter and 200 ft. long. If a gallon of compounded at 10% annually?
paint covers 200 sq. ft. on the first coat and Solution:
F = P(1 + i)n

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 54
n
15000 = 5250(1 + 0.1) 2
ii. f(a) = a + 3a - 4
2.857 = 1.1n iii. f(a + b) = (a + b)2 + 3(a + b) – 4
log 2.857 = log 1.1n = a2 + 2ab + b2 + 3a + 3b - 4
log 2.857 = n log 1.1 f(a+b)−f(a)
iv. b
n = 11 years a2 + 2ab + b2 + 3a + 3b − 4 − �a2 + 3a − 4�
= b
663. A boy had a bag of 128 apples. He sold a2 + 2ab + b2 + 3a + 3b − 4 − a2 − 3a + 4
= b
25% to a friend. Next he sold 25% of those
2ab + b2 + 3b b (2a + b+ 3)
remaining to another friend. Of those apples = b
= b
= 2a + b + 3
still in his bag, he gave the shiniest one to 668. Calculate the mean, median, mode and
his teacher. How many apples did the boy range of the following terms.
have then? 13, 15, 16, 13, 9, 13, 15, 10, 16, 12
Solution: mean: __________
He sold (0.25)(128) = 32 apples to a friend, median: __________
so the remaining is 128 – 32 = 96. Next he mode: __________
sold (0.25)(96) = 24 apples to another range: __________
friend, so the remaining is 96 – 24 = 72 Solution:
apples. Then he gave 1 apple to his teacher, Arrange first the terms form lowest to
so the remaining is 72 – 1 = 71 apples. highest.
9, 10, 12, 13, 13, 13, 15, 15, 16, 16
664. Find the radius and center of the circle
with equation x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 10 = 0. 9+10+12+13+13+13+15+15+16+16
mean =
Solution: 10
By completing the square, we obtain = 13.2
x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 10 = 0
−6 2 −8 2 median = (13 + 13)/2 = 13
x 2 − 6x + � 2 � + y 2 − 8y + � 2 � = -10 +
−6 2 −8 2 mode = 13 (appeared 3 times)
�2� +�2�
range = 16 – 9 = 7
x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 8y + 16 = -10 + 9 + 16
(x - 3)2 + (y - 4)2 = 15 669. The power to which a number is raised
is indicated by a small superior figure
From the result above, called?
center (3, 4) a. Logarithm
r2 = 15, therefore, r = √15 b. Increment
c. Exponent (answer)
665. It is a push or a pull. It is an interaction d. Mantissa
between two objects or between an object
and its environment. It is a vector quantity 670. A projectile is fired horizontally with a
with magnitude and direction. speed of 30 m/s from the top of a cliff 80 m
answer: force high.
i. How long will it take to strike the level
666. What is the measure of the smaller ground at the base of the cliff?
angle between the hour hand and the minute ii. How far from the foot of the cliff will it
hand on a clock the reads 7:00? strike?
Solution: iii. With what velocity will it strike the level
The bigger angle makes up 7/12 of the circle ground?
(the clock) and the smaller angle makes up Solution:
5/12 of the circle. A circle is 360°, so the
measure of the smaller angle is
(5/12)(360) = 150°

667. Given the function: f(x) = x2 + 3x – 4.

Evaluate the following:
i. f(2). __________
ii. f(a). __________
iii. f(a + b). __________
f(a+b)−f(a)
iv. . __________
b
Solution:
f(x) = x2 + 3x – 4 i.
1
i. f(2) = 22 + 3(2) – 4 = 6 y = viy t + 2 at 2

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 55
1
-80 = 0 + 2 (−9.81)t 2 Solution:
t = 4.04 seconds
ii.
x = vxt = 30(4.04) = 121.2 meters

iii.
vfy = viy + ay t = 0 + (-9.81)(4.04) = 40 m/s
v = √302 + 402 = 50 m/s

671. The _____ of a function is the rate of 8

tan a = 17
change of that function.
a. tangent a = 25.2°
b. integral
c. derivative (answer) 676. Find the area of a regular hexagon with
d. solution perimeter of 12.
Solution:
672. The sides of a garden in triangular A regular hexagon has 6 equal sides. The
shape are 32 feet, 38 feet and 18 feet. Find length of one side is 12/6 = 2. A regular
the measure of the largest interior angle in hexagon is composed of 6 equilateral
that garden. triangles. So we need to compute the area of
Solution: one triangle then multiply it by 6. The area
of an equilateral triangle is
1
A = 2 x 2 sin 60; where x is the side length
1
A = 2 (2)2 sin 60 = 1.732

The area of the regular hexagon is

A hex = 6(1.732) = 10.392 square units

677. The branch of mathematics dealing

with integers and more generally, numeral
computation.
The largest angle is opposite the longest a. Algebra
side. By law of cosines, we have b. Trigonometry
b2 = a2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B c. Geometry
382 = 182 + 322 − 2(18)(32)(cos B) d. Arithmethic (answer)
96 = −1152 cos B
678. A man is standing infront of a
cos B = -0.08333
telephone pole. The angle from the man’s
B = cos-1 -0.08333 = 94.78°
position to the top of the telephone pole is
45°. The man walks nearer to the telephone
673. A series of uniform accounts over a
pole. The angle of the man’s present
period of time.
position to the top of the telephone pole is
answer: Annuity
now 60°. If the telephone pole is 50 feet
high, how far is the man from his previous
674. Find the solutions of the equation
position?
x(x + 3) = -5.
Solution:
Solution:
Expand the equation.
x(x + 3) = -5
x2 + 3x + 5 = 0
By using the quadratic formula,
−b±√b2 −4ac −3±�(3)2 −4(1)(5)
x= =
2a 2(1)
−3±√9−20 −3±√−11
= =
2 2
2
However, i = -1.
−3±√11𝑖𝑖2 −3±𝑖𝑖√11
x= =
2 2

675. Find the angle of elevation of the sun 50

when an 8-meter flagpole casts a 17-meter sin 45 = y ; y = 70.71 feet
shadow.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 56
x 70.71
= sin 120 L = √162 + 122 = 20 feet
sin 15

x = 21.13 feet Apply again Pythagorean Theorem,

x = �202 − (2 + 12)2 = 14.28 feet
679. Solve the exponential equation
3x + 1 = 81 683. Which of the following has the same
Solution: value as 56 + 56 + 56 + 56 + 56?
3x + 1 = 81 Solution:
Rewrite the left side so that it has a base of 56 + 56 + 56 + 56 + 56 = 5(56) = 51+6 = 57
3.
81 = 34 684. A space that is devoid of matter and in
3x + 1 = 34 which the pressure is zero?
x+1=4 a. Block hole
x=3 b. Outer space
The solution set is {3}. c. Vacuum (answer)
d. Spaceship
Alternate solution.
3x + 1 = 81 685. Given the equation of a line:
log 3x + 1 = log 81 x+y+1=0
(x + 1) log 3 = log 81 i. Express the equation in slope intercept
log 81 form. _______________
x + 1 = log 3
ii. Find the slope of the line.
x=3 _______________
The solution set is {3}. iii. Find the y-intercept of the line.
_______________
680. One cubic foot of water is assumed to Solution:
weigh 62.5 lbs. What is the weight of one The equation of the line in slope intercept
cubic inch of water? form is y = mx + b where m is the slope and
Solution: b is the y-intercept.
1 ft 3 62.5 lbs
1in3 x �12 in� x 1ft3 x+y+1=0
y = -x – 1 (slope intercept form)
= 0.0362 lbs ≈ 0.0361 lbs
The slope is the coefficient of x. The slope is
681. Which of the following is the factored
-1.
form of the polynomial x3y8 – 7x10y4 + 2x5y2
The y-intercept is -1.
Solution:
There are three terms, we can factor out x3
686. Two boats are observed by a parasailer
and y2 out of each term so the greatest
75 meters above a lake. The angles of
common factor is x3y2, so the factored form
depression are 12.5° and 7°. How far apart
is
are the boats?
x3y2(y6 – 7x7y2 + 2x2)
Solution:
682. A painter sets a ladder up to reach the
bottom of a second-story window 16 feet
above the ground. The base of the ladder is
12 feet from the house. While the painter
mixes the paint, a neighbor’s dog bumps the
From the figure,
ladder, which moves the base 2 feet farther 75
away from the house. How far up the side of sin 7 = y ; y = 615.413 m
the house does the ladder reach? By law of sines,
Solution: x 615.413
sin 5.5
= sin 167.5
x = 272.52 meters

687. _______________ The equivalent

annual amount an asset or system must earn
to recover the initial investment plus a stated
rate of return.
answer: capital recovery

Let L be the length of the ladder. By 688. Who is considered the founder or father
Pythagorean Theorem, of geometry?
a. Pythagoras
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 57
b. Marvin Kalngan From the point slope form of an equation of
c. Isaac Newton a line and using the point (4,-3), we obtain
d. Euclid (answer) y – y1 = m(x – x1)
5
y + 3 = 2 (x – 4)
689. An office has 60 employees. If 4 out of
2y + 6 = 5x – 20
every 5 employees are married, how many
2y – 5x + 26 = 0
married employees are there?
Solution:
Note: We can also use the point (10,12)
Let n be the number of married employees.
4
n = 60 �5� = 48 694. A _____ is the figure formed by two
intersecting planes.
690. A restaurant meal consists of one of a. obtuse angle
two salad options, one of three entrees, and b. exterior angle
one of four desserts. How many meals are c. interior angle
possible? d. dihedral angle (answer)
Solution:
By the fundamental counting principle, if 695. Which of the following is the factored
there are n ways of doing something, and m form of the polynomial
ways of doing another thing after that, then x2(2 – 6x) + 4x(4 – 12x)?
there are n x m ways to perform both of Solution:
these actions. So there are Factor first the second term.
(2)(3)(4) = 24 possible meals x2(2 – 6x) + 4x(4 – 12x)
= x2(2 – 6x) + 4x(2)(2 – 6x)
691. A boy wants to make a 100 mL of 5% = x2(2 – 6x) + 8x(2 – 6x)
alcohol solution mixing a quantity of a 2% We can factor out x and (2 – 6x) from each
alcohol solution with a 7% alcohol solution. of the the terms. So the factored form is
What are the quantities of each of the two x(2 – 6x)(x + 8)
solutions?
Solution: 696. During a 30-minute television program,
the ratio of minutes of commercials to
minutes of the actual show is 4:11. How
many minutes are spent on commercials?
Let x and y be the required quantities, then Solution:
x + y = 100 (eq. 1) The ratio is 4:11, so the total is 4 + 11 = 15.
0.02x + 0.07y = 0.05(100)
0.02x + 0.07y = 5 (eq. 2) number of minutes spent for commercials:
4
From eq. 1, (30) = 8 minutes
15
x = 100 – y
Substitute the above equation into eq. 2 697. If all the edges of a cube is increased
by 65%, what is the increased in surface
0.02(100 - y) + 0.07y = 5 area? Give your answer in %.
2 – 0.02y + 0.07y = 5 Solution:
y = 60 Let 1 unit be the original edge length of the
cube, then the edge length of the new cube is
It follows that, 1.65 units.
x = 100 – 60 = 40
Since the figures are similar, we can
692. A man bought plumbing tools worth consider only the area of one face (area of a
2100. The sales tax was 8%. How much did square).
the man pay?
Solution: area of one face of original cube
2100(1.08) = 2268 = 12 = 1 square units
693. A line passes through X(4,-3) and area of one face of new cube
Y(10,12). Which of the following is an = 1.652 = 2.7225 square units
equation of this line?
Solution: new area − original area
X(4,-3); Y(10,12) % increased = original area
y −y 12+3 15 5 2.7225 −1
m = x2 −x1 = 10−4 = 6 = 2 = × 100
2 1 1
= 172.25%

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 58
698. Find the determinant of Solution:
3 4 2
�−8 10 3�
2 1 9
Solution:
Copy the first two columns to make it five
columns as shown.
Multiply diagonally downward. Then add
the products.
Multiply diagonally upward. Then add the Let a be the radius of circle X, b be the
products. radius of circle Y and c be the radius of
Then, sum of diagonally downward products circle Z.
minus sum of diagonally upward products c = 2b = 4a
equals the determinant. b = c/2
a = c/4
3 4 2 3 4
det �−8 10 3� −8 10� circumference = 2πr
2 1 9 2 1
= [(3)(10)(9) + (4)(3)(2) + (2)(-8)(1)]
42π = 2πa + 2πb + 2πc
- [(2)(10)(2) + (1)(3)(3) + (9)(-8)(4)]
42π = 2π(c/4) + 2π(c/2) + 2πc
= (270 + 24 - 16) – (40 + 9 - 288)
42 = c/2 + c + 2c
= 278 – (-239)
42 = 3.5c
= 517
c = 12
699. Decrease in the value of a physical
b = c/2 = 12/2 = 6
property due to the passage of time.
answer: Depreciation
a = c/4 = 12/4 = 3
700. The discriminant of the quadratic
XZ = a + 2b + c = 3 + 2(6) + 12 = 27
equation Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 is _____.
a. B2
704. What fraction of the square is shaded?
b. 4AC
c. B2 ≠ 4AC
d. B2 – 4AC (answer)

701. The study of the properties of triangles

and trigonometric functions and their
applications.
a. trigonometry (answer)
b. geometry
a. ½ (answer)
c. astronomy
b. 1/3
d. number theory
c. 3/4
d. 1
702. It contains the number zero, the natural
numbers, and the negatives of all the natural 3
numbers. 705. Evaluate: √m2 k 4
. . , -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, . . Solution:
3 1 2 4
answer: integers √m2 k 4 = (m2 k 4 )3 = m3 k 3

703. In the figure below, the radius of circle 706. Given a triangle with A = 40°, B = 60°,
Z is twice the radius of circle Y and four c = 50. Find C, a and b.
times the radius of circle X. If the sum of the Solution:
circumferences of the three circles is 42π,
find the measure of XZ.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 59
C = 180 – 40 – 60 = 80° d. tan θ + 2 cot θ (answer)
Solution:
By Law of Sines. sin2 θ+2cos2 θ sin2 θ 2cos2 θ
a c sin θ cos θ
= sin θ cos θ + sin θ cos θ
sin A
= sin C
a 50 sin θ 2 cos θ
sin 40
= sin 80 = cos θ + sin θ
a = 32.6 = tan θ + 2 cot θ
b c
sin B
= sin C 710. If there are seven members on the
B 50 student council, in how many ways can the
sin 60
= sin 80
council select three students to be the chair,
a = 43.97 the secretary, and the treasurer of the
council?
707. Simplify nC5/n-1C3 Solution:
Solution: Using the fundamental counting principle,
n! n!
(n−5)!5! (n−5)!5! there are (7)(6)(5) = 210 possible ways to
nC5/n-1C3 = (n−1)! = (n−1)!
(n−1−3)!3! (n−4)!3!
fill the three positions.
n! (n−4)!3! n(n−1)! (n−4)(n−5)!3!
= (n−5)!5! × (n−1)!
= (n−5)!5! × (n−1)! 711. We may classify an interest rate which
n (n−4)3! n(n−4)(6) n(n−4)
= 5! × 1
= = specifies the actual rate of interest on the
120 20
principal for one year as?
a. Nominal rate
708. When the angle of elevation to the sun
b. Rate of return
is 62°, a telephone pole tilted at an angle of
c. Domestic interest rate
7° from the vertical casts a shadow 30 feet
d. Effective rate (answer)
long on the ground. Find the length of the
telephone pole to the nearest tenth of a foot.
712. Let z = 2 – 3i where i is the imaginary
Solution:
unit. Evaluate zz, where z is the conjugate of
z.
Solution:
If z = 2 – 3i, its conjugate is z = 2 + 3𝑖𝑖.
zz = (2 – 3𝑖𝑖)(2 + 3𝑖𝑖)
= 4 + 6𝑖𝑖 − 6𝑖𝑖 − 9𝑖𝑖 2 = 4 − 9𝑖𝑖 2
We know that, 𝑖𝑖 2 = −1.
zz = 4 − 9𝑖𝑖 2 = 4 − 9(−1) = 4 + 9 = 13

713. A mathematical statement with one or

more variables. It is neither true nor false
until the variables have been replaced by
specific values.
answer: open statement

714. Factor the polynomial

18x + 33 – 6x4 – 11x3
Solution:
Group the first two terms and the last two
terms.
18x + 33 – 6x4 – 11x3
A = 90 – 7 = 83° = (18x + 33) – (6x4 + 11x3)
B = 180 – 62 – 83 = 35° Do the factoring on the first group then on
the second group.
By Law of Sines = 3(6x + 11) – x3(6x + 11)
x 30 We can see that (6x + 11) is common to
sin 62
= sin 35
both of the terms. So we factor out (6x + 11)
x = 46.2 feet = (6x + 11)(3 – x3)

709. Which of the following is equivalent to 715. Find the 10th term of the sequence:
sin2 θ+2cos2 θ
? 12, 23, 34, 45, 56
sin θ cos θ
a. sin2 θ + cos2θ Solution:
b. tan θ + cot θ The sequence of numbers 12, 23, 34, 45, 56
c. 2tan θ + 2 cos θ is an arithmetic progression with common
difference d = 11. We know that
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 60
a2 = a1 + d 721. A chemist has 20 milliliters of a
a3 = a1 + 2d solution that contains a 30% concentration
a4 = a1 + 3d of acid. How many milliliters of pure acid
and so on must be added in order to increase the
So, concentration to 75%?
a10 = a1 + 9d = 12 + 9(11) = 111 Solution:

716. What is i499 + i501?

Solution:
𝑖𝑖 499 + 𝑖𝑖 501 = (𝑖𝑖 2 )249 𝑖𝑖 + (𝑖𝑖 2 )250 𝑖𝑖 0.3(20) + 1(x) = 0.75(20 + x)
However, i2 = -1. 6 + x = 15 + 0.75x
𝑖𝑖 499 + 𝑖𝑖 501 = (𝑖𝑖 2 )249 𝑖𝑖 + (𝑖𝑖 2 )250 𝑖𝑖 0.25x = 9
= (−1)249 𝑖𝑖 + (−1)250 𝑖𝑖 x = 36 mL
= (−1)𝑖𝑖 + (1)𝑖𝑖 = −𝑖𝑖 + 𝑖𝑖 = 0
Note: A negative number raised to an odd 722. What is the weight of a solid ball of
number is negative and a negative number brass 6 inches in diameter? Assume specific
raised to an even number is positive. gravity=8.4.
Solution:
w
717. Evaluate: √−512
3
ρw (sg) = v
Solution: w
1 1
62.4(8.4) = 4 3 3
3 π� �
√−512 = (−512)3 = (−29 )3 = −23 3 12

= −8 w = 34.3 lbs
723. Solve the inequality for x.
718. Which of the following is equivalent to |x – 9| < 4
sec x Solution:
cot x+tan x
?
Use the definition of absolute value to solve
Solution: this problem.
1 1
sec x |x – 9| < 4
cot x+tan x
= cos x
cos x sin x = cos x
cos2 x+sin2 x
+ -4 < x – 9 < 4
sin x cos x sin x cos x
1
1 sinx cos x 5 < x < 13
= cos x
1 = cos x × 1
sin x cos x
= sin x 724. Let f and g be two functions defined as:
f(x) = 2x2 + 3 and g(x) = 4x3 + 1
719. If the annual rate is 8% compounded Find
quarterly, the effective annual rate is _____. i. (f + g)(x).
Solution: ii. (f - g)(x).
0.08 4 iii. (f • g)(x).
ER = (1 + i)n -1 = �1 + � − 1 = 8.24% f
4 iv. � � (x).
g
v. (f ○ g)(x).
720. Shown below is △ XYZ. Given that
vi. (g ○ f)(x).
m∠X = 51°, XY = 14 and XZ = 18, find x,
Solution:
m∠Y and m∠Z using the Law of Cosines.
f(x) = 2x2 + 3; g(x) = 4x3 + 1
i. (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
= 2x2 + 3 + 4x3 + 1
= 4x3 + 2x2 + 4

ii. (f - g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)

= 2x2 + 3 – (4x3 + 1)
= 2x2 + 3 - 4x3 – 1
= -4x3 + 2x2 + 2

iii. (f • g)(x) = f(x) • f(g)

Solution:
= (2x2 + 3)(4x3 + 1)
By Law of Cosines,
= 8x5 + 2x2 + 12x3 + 3
x 2 = 142 + 182 − 2(14)(18)(cos 51)
Rearrange the terms.
x = 14.24
= 8x5 + 12x3 + 2x2 + 3
182 = 142 + 14.242 – 2(14)(14.24)(cos Y) f f(x) 2x2 +3
Y = 79.2° iv. �g� (x) = g(x) = 4x3+1

142 = 182 + 14.242 – 2(18)(14.24)(cos Z) v. (f ○ g)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(4x3 + 1)

Z = 49.82°
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 61
3 2 −13
= 2(4x + 1) + 3 y − 3 = 7 (x + 2)
= 2(16x6 + 8x3 + 1) + 3
7y – 21 = -13x – 26
= 32x6 + 16x3 + 2 + 3
7y + 13x + 5 = 0
= 32x6 + 16x3 + 5
729. What is the corresponding effective
vi. (g ○ f)(x) = g(f(x)) = g(2x2 + 3)
rate of 18 % compounded semi-quarterly?
= 4(2x2 + 3)3 + 1
Solution:
= 4[(2x2)3 + 3(2x2)2(3) + 3(2x2)(3)2 + 33] + 1 0.18 8
= 4(8x6 + 36x4 + 54x2 + 27) + 1 ER = (1 + i)n – 1 = �1 + 8
� −1
= 32x6 + 144x4 + 216x2 + 108 + 1 = 19.48%
= 32x6 + 144x4 + 216x2 + 109
730. A _____ is a measurement that
725. Two non-vertical lines are parallel if involves only a number. It is used to
and only if _____. measure things, such as size, length, or
a. they have the same slope (answer) speed.
b. their slopes are negative reciprocals a. projectile flight
c. their slopes are 1 b. resultant
d. their slopes are zero c. vector
d. scalar (answer)
726. The quantity of a certain commodity
that is offered for sale at a certain price at a 14+3(5−2)
731. Solve: q =
given place and time. 4(3+1)2
a. Demand Solution:
14+3(5−2) 14+3(3) 14+9
b. Supply (answer) q= 2 = 2 = 4(16)
4(3+1) 4(4)
c. Stocks 14+9 23
d. Goods = 4(16) = 64 = 0.359375

727. Pipes are stacked in a pile as shown. 732. A _____ is a measurement that
The bottom row has 11 pipes. There are a involves a number and a direction. They are
total of six rows in the pile. How many pipes used to measure things like force or
are stacked in the pile? acceleration.
answer: vector

733. Solve the exponential equation

84x – 12 = 165x - 3
Solution:
Rewrite the left side and right side of the
equation so that they have the same base.
23 = 8 and 24 = 16, so
Solution: 84x – 12 = 165x – 3
We can see that the first layer has 11 pipes, 23(4x – 12) = 24(5x - 3)
second layer has 10 pipes and so on. Since Since they have the same base,
there are 6 layers, then the sum is 3(4x - 12) = 4(5x - 3)
11 + 10 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 6 = 51 pipes Simplify.
12x – 36 = 20x – 12
Challenge: Solve this problem by using 12 – 36 = 20x – 12x
arithmetic progression formulas. -24 = 8x
-3 = x
728. Which of the following is an equation or
of a line that passes through (-2,3) and is x = -3
parallel to the line 7y + 13x = 37?
Solution: Alternate solution:
Express the given equation to slope intercept 84x – 12 = 165x – 3
form. log 84x – 12 = log 165x – 3
7y + 13x = 37 (4x - 12) log 8 = (5x - 3) log 16
7y = -13x + 37 4x−12 log 16
−13x 37 5x−3
= log 8
y= 7 + 7 4x−12
−13 5x−3
= 1.33
The slope is m = 7 .
4x - 12 = 1.33(5x – 3)
From the slope form of the equation of a 4x - 12 = 6.65x – 3.99
line, x = -3.02 ≈ -3
y – y1 = m(x – x1)

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 62
Note: In order to have an exact value of x = 739. If y and x are related by the equation y
-3, use the memory in (store) of your = k/x, where k is a constant, then y is said to
calculator. be _____ to x.
a. directly proportional
734. Find the area of parallelogram WXWY b. inversely proportional (answer)
in square feet.
740. latus rectum. In a parabola, it is the
chord through the focus perpendicular to the
axis of symmetry.

741. sequence. A set of numbers in a

specific order.
Solution:
By Pythagorean theorem, 742. least common denominator. The
WX = √152 − 92 = 12 miles lowest common multiple of the
denominators of a set of fractions.
Convert the dimensions of the legs of right
triangle WXZ to feet. 743. The numbers in the sequence are called
1 mile = 5280 feet terms.

5280 feet 744. least common multiple. The smallest

WX = 12 miles × 1 mile
= 63360 feet
positive integer that is divisible by two or
5280 feet
XZ = 9 miles × 1 mile = 47520 feet more numbers.
Since triangle WXZ ≅ triangle XYZ
area [WXYZ] = 2 × area [WXZ] 745. breakeven. For a single project, the
1 value of a parameter that makes two
area [WXYZ] = 2 × 2 (63360)(47520)
elements equal, for example, sales necessary
area [WXYZ] = 3,010,876,200 square feet to equate revenues and costs. For two
alternatives, breakeven is the value of a
735. Each entry in a matrix is called an common variable at which the two are
element. equally acceptable.
736. Five people (A, B, C, D, and E) are 746. lemma. A theorem that is proved
seated on a bench. In how many ways can mainly as an aid in proving another theorem.
they be arranged if
i. A and B must be seated together? _____ 747. A matrix is usually described by its
ii. A and B cannot be together? _____ dimension, or the number of and rows and
Solution: columns, with the number of rows stated
i. There are 2! ways to arrange A and B first.
together, AB or BA. Consider A and B dimension of a matrix = rows x columns
together as 1 object. This means that there
are 4 objects (C, D, E, and AB). There are 4! 748. Marvin bought a lot in the shape shown
= 24 ways to arrange the 4 objects (C, D, E, in the figure below. Find its perimeter (in
and AB). Then, there are 2!4! = 48 ways to km) and area (in square km).
arrange five people if A and B must be
seated together.

ii. The total number of arrangements for five

people in a row with no restrictions is 5! =
120. Arrangements with A and B together is
48 ways. Therefore, the number of
arrangements with A and B not together is
Total number of arrangements - Number of
arrangements A and B together,
5! - 2!4! = 120 - 48 = 72

737. inverse function. A function that does

exactly the opposite of the original function.

738. irrational number. A real number that Solution:

cannot be expressed as the ratio of two By Pythagorean Theorem,
integers.
BD = �(180)2 + (240)2 = 300 km

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 63
By Law of Cosines, answer: monomial
CD2 = 2002 + 3002 – 2(200)(300)(cos 60)
CD = 264.6 km 761. Measures that describe the spread of
the values in a set of data are called
P = 180 + 240 + 264.6 + 200 = 884.6 km _______________.
answer: measures of variation
A = 0.5(180)(240) + 0.5(200)(300)(sin 60)
= 47580.76 square km 762. The _____ of a positive number x
(written as ln x) is the logarithm of x to the
749. _______________ The value that the base e, where e = 2.71828. . . .
dependent variable approaches as the a. common logarithm
independent variable approaches some fixed b. natural logarithm (answer)
value.
answer: limit of a function 763. perfect competition. A market
structure where there are many sellers and
750. A _______________displays the five- many buyers.
number summary of a set of data.
answer: box and whisker plot; also called 764. natural numbers. They are the set of
a box plot numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, . . .}. This set
of numbers is also called the counting
751. The _____ of a number to a given base numbers. They can also be called the
is the exponent of the power to which the positive integers.
base must be raised to yield the number.
answer: logarithm 765. In a set of data, the _______________
are values that separate the data into four
752. sunk cost. Capital (money) that is lost equal subsets, each containing one fourth of
and cannot be recovered. the data.
answer: quartiles
753. logic. The study of sound reasoning.
766. In mathematics the word “normal”
754. matrix. A table of numbers arranged in means _______________.
rows and columns. answer: perpendicular

755. inflation. Expressed as a percentage 767. A _______________ of a population is

per time (% per year), it is an increase in the selected so that it is representative of the
amount of money required to purchase the entire population. The sample is chosen
same amount of goods or services over time. without any preference.
answer: random
756. What is the pressure in pounds per
square inch at the base of a 10 foot water 768. Random samples are unbiased. In a
cylinder? _______________, one or more parts of a
Solution: population are favored over others.
1 psi = 2.31 feet of head answer: biased sample
Let x be the required pressure, then
769. A/an _____ of solving problems
x 1 psi involves intelligent trial and error.
10 feet
= 2.31 feet
a. heuristic method
x = 4.33 psi
b. elimination method
c. scientific method
757. histogram. A graphical display of data
d. substitution method
using bars of different heights.
770. One cubic yard is equivalent to?
758. minute. A unit of measure for small
a. 0.7651 cu.m (answer)
angles equal to 1/60 of a degree.
b. 0.2835 cu.m.
c. 0.9232 cu.m
759. The _______________ of a set of data
d. 0.2024 cu.m
is the difference between the greatest and
the least values of the set.
Solution:
answer: range
1 yard = 3 feet
1 meter = 3.28 feet
760. _______________ An algebraic
Convert.
expression that does not involve any
additions or subtractions.
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 64
3 feet 3 1 meter 3 −7 2
1 yard3 × �1 yard� × �3.28 feet� iv. � 4 3�
= 0.7651 meter 3 2 10

771. null set. The set that contains no v. [2 −8 4]

elements. It is also called “empty set.” 12 23
vi. � �
43 55
772. Simplify each radical expression.
−8
i. 4√3 + 6√3 − 5√3 vii. �−4�
ii. 12√5 + 3√7 + 6√7 − 8√5 5
iii. 2√20 + 3√45 + √180
iv. �4√5 − 2√3��3√6 − √10� 3
viii. � �
7
v. √2�√8 + 4√3� Solution:
The dimension of a matrix is written in the
Solution: form rows x columns. Rows are horizontal
i. 4√3 + 6√3 − 5√3 = 5√3 and columns are vertical.
i. 1 x 2 matrix
ii. 12√5 + 3√7 + 6√7 − 8√5 ii. 3 x 3 matrix
= 4√5 + 9√7 iii. 2 x 3 matrix
iv. 3 x 2 matrix
iii. 2√20 + 3√45 + √180 v. 1 x 3 matrix
vi. 2 x 2 matrix
= 2√4 ∙ 5 + 3√9 ∙ 5 + √36 ∙ 5
vii. 3 x 1 matrix
= 2 ∙ 2√5 + 3 ∙ 3√5 + 6√5 viii. 2 x 1 matrix
= 4√5 + 9√5 + 6√5
= 19√5 778. oblique angle. An angle that is not a
right angle.
iv. �4√5 − 2√3��3√6 − √10�
= 12√30 − 4√50 − 6√18 + 2√30 779. Determine the x-intercept and y-
intercept of 3x + 2y = 9.
= 14√30 − 4√25 ∙ 2 − 6√9 ∙ 2
Solution:
= 14√30 − 20√2 − 18√2 To determine the x-intercept, set y = 0, then
= 14√30 − 38√2 solve for x.
3x + 2y = 9
v. √2�√8 + 4√3� = √16 + 4√6 3x + 2(0) = 9
= 4 + 4√6 3x = 9
x=3
773. cardinal number. A number that says x-intercept: (3, 0)
how many of something there are, such as
one, two, three, four, five, etc. To determine the y-intercept, set x = 0, then
solve for y.
774. ordinal number. A number that tells 3x + 2y = 9
the position of something in a list, such as 3(0) + 2y = 9
first, second, third, fourth, fifth, etc. 2y = 9
775. A matrix is a rectangular arrangement y = 9/2
of numbers in rows and columns. y-intercept: (0, 9/2)

776. number theory. A branch of pure 780. odd number. Number that is not
mathematics devoted primarily to the study divisible by two.
of the integers and integer-valued functions.
781. If f(x) = 10x2 - 5, find each value.
777. State the dimension of each matrix. i. f(-3)
i. [2 −8] ii. f(10)
iii. f(m + k)
3 −2 5 Solution:
ii. � 7 1 0� i. f(-3) = 10(-3)2 – 5 = 10(9) – 5 = 90 – 5
11 8 4 = 85
ii.f(10) = 10(10)2 – 5 = 10(100) – 5
9 4 −1 = 1000 – 5 = 995
iii. � �
2 5 0 iii. f(m + k) = 10(m + k)2 – 5
= 10(m2 + 2mk + k2) – 5

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 65
2 2
= 10m + 20mk + 10k - 5 iii. State whether the sample is unbiased
(random) or biased.
782. monopoly. A type of market structure Solution:
where there is one seller and many buyers. i. The sample is a group of students from the
choir.
783. duopoly. A type of market structure ii. The population for the survey is all of the
where there are two sellers and many students in the school.
buyers.
iii. The sample was not randomly selected
784. oligopoly. A type of market structure from the entire student body. So the reported
where there are few sellers and many support is not likely to be representative of
buyers. the entire student body. The sample is
biased.
785. monopsony. A type of market structure
where there are many sellers and one buyer. 789. A drainage pipe line 1000 ft long is laid
at a slope of 2%. What is the total drop of
786. oligopsony. A type of market structure the lower end?
where there are many sellers and few Solution:
buyers. For a 2% slope, there is a vertical drop of ¼
inch for every foot length of pipe or 20 mm
787. Suppose a pilot begins a flight along a for every meter length of pipe.
1
path due north flying at 250 miles per hour. in
If the wind is blowing due east at 20 miles 1000 ft x 1 ft = 250 in
4

per hour, what is the resultant velocity and Convert 250 in to feet,
1 ft
direction of the plane? 250 in x 12 in = 20.8 ft ≈ 20 ft
Solution:
790. Solve the continued inequality
4−3x
−5 ≤ 2 < 1
Solution:
A real number x is a solution of the
4−3x
inequality −5 ≤ 2 < 1 if and only if it is
a solution of both of the inequalities
4−3x 4−3x
−5 ≤ 2 and 2 < 1
Solving for the first inequality,
4−3x
−5 ≤ 2
−10 ≤ 4 − 3x
3x ≤ 14
14
x≤ 3

By Pythagorean Theorem, Solving for the second inequality,

4−3x
R2 = 2502 + 202 2
<1
R = 250.8 mph 4 − 3x < 2
4 − 2 < 3x
tan θ = 20/250 = 2/25 2 < 3x
θ = tan-1 2/25 = 4.57° 2
3
<x
788. For an article in the school paper,
2 14
Marvin needs to determine whether students Answer: 3 < x ≤ 3
in his school believe that an arts center
should be added to the school. He polls 15 791. A piece of wire 48 inches long is cut
of his friends who sing in the choir. Twelve into two lengths. Each length is then used to
of them think the school needs an arts form a square. The sum of the areas of the
center, so Marvin reports that 80% of the two squares is 74 square inches. Find the
students surveyed support the project. length of each side of the smaller square and
i. Identify the sample. the larger square.
Solution:
ii. Suggest a population from which the
sample was selected.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 66
Let s be the side length of the smaller square 7y + 13x = 37
and S be the side length of the larger square. 7y = -13x + 37
−13x 37
Then, y= 7 + 7
4s = perimeter of the smaller square −13
4S = perimeter of the larger square The slope is m = 7 .
s2 = area of the smaller square Since the lines are perpendicular, the slope
7
S2 = area of the larger square of the other line is 13
From the slope form of the equation of a
4s + 4S = 48 line,
s + S = 12 (eq. 1) y – y1 = m(x – x1)
7
s2 + S2 = 74 (eq. 2) y − 3 = 13 (x + 2)
13y – 39 = 7x + 14
Solve any variable in equation 1, then 13y - 7x - 53 = 0
substitute the result in equation 2.
795. A 150 mm diameter pipe, 50 ft long is
s = 12 – S installed vertically. It is filled with water at
atmospheric pressure, what is the total
s2 + S2 = 74 pressure in psi at the bottom?
(12 – S)2 + S2 = 74 Solution:
144 – 24S + S2 + S2 = 74 1 psi = 2.31 feet of head
2S2 – 24S + 70 = 0 By ratio and proportion, we have
1 psi
Dividing both sides by 2 gives 50 feet x 2.31 ft = 21.65 psi ≈ 21.66 psi
S2 – 12S + 35 = 0 Note: You can also use the formula: P = γh
Factor. to compute for the pressure of the 50 feet
(S - 7)(S - 5) = 0 head.
S – 7 = 0 or S – 5 = 0
S = 7 or S = 5 796. A dress originally priced at $80 was put
on sale for 25% off. If 10% tax will be
If S = 7, s = 5. added to the sale price, then the new selling
If S = 5, s = 7. price is _____.
Solution:
Since s is the side length of the smaller The original sale price was
square and S is the side length of the larger 80 - (0.25)(80) = $60
square,
s = 5 inches and S = 7 inches After 10% tax is added, the new selling
price is
Note: You can also use the quadratic
formula to solve for S, instead of factoring. 60 + (0.1)(60) = $66
792. Two lines with slope m1 and m2 are 797. Find the present worth of future
perpendicular if and only if _____. payment of 100,000 to be made in 10 years
1
a. m1 = m with an interest of 12% compounded
2
b. m1 = −m2 quarterly.
𝟏𝟏 Solution:
c. 𝐦𝐦𝟏𝟏 = − 𝐦𝐦 (answer)
𝟐𝟐 F = P(1 + 1)n
d. m1 = m2 0.12 10(4)
100000 = P�1 + 4
�
793. Which of the following is equivalent to P = 30655.68
sec4 x – sec2 x?
Solution: 798. The equation 2x2 – 62x + k = 0 has two
sec4 x – sec2 x = sec2 x(sec2 x – 1) real roots. One root is 1 more than twice the
= (tan2 x + 1)(tan2 x + 1 – 1) other. Find the value of k.
= (tan2 x + 1)(tan2 x) Solution:
= tan4 x + tan2 x Let r1 and r2 be the roots of the equation
2x2 – 62x + k = 0. From the problem,
794. Which of the following is an equation r1 = 1 + 2r2 (eq. 1)
of a line that passes through (-2,3) and is
perpendicular to the line 7y + 13x = 37? By the Vieta’s Formula,
Solution: r1 + r2 = -B/A = -(-62)/2 = 62/2 = 31 (eq. 2)
Express the given equation to slope intercept
form. Substituting eq. 1 into eq. 2, we have

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 67
1 + 2r2 + r2 = 31 d = Vt where d= distance, V, speed and t =
r2 = 10 time
For the first car: d = Vxt
It follows that, For the second car: d = Vy(t – 0.5)
r1 = 1 + 2(10) = 21 Since the distance for the two cars are equal,
By the Vieta’s Formula, d=d
r1(r2) = C/A = k/2 Vxt = Vy(t – 0.5)
(21)(10) = k/2 40t = 55(t – 0.5)
210 = k/2 40t = 55t – 27.5
k = 420 t = 11/6 = 1 5/6 hours = 1 hour and 50 min.

799. Work-in progress is classified as 2:00 + 1 hour = 3:00 P.M.

a. an asset (answer) 3:00 + 50 minutes = 3:50 P.M.
b. a liability
802. Triangles ABC and ADC are inscribed
800. Circle β has its center at point O as in circle X with arc AB ≅ arc BC. If angle
shown below. Find the value of x. DAC = 12x – 8 and angle ACD = 3x + 8,
find the measures of angle DAC, angle
ACD, angle ADC, angle BAC, angle ACB
and angle ABC.

Solution:

Solution:
Since AC is the diameter, triangles ABC and
ADC are right triangles.
∠ADC + ∠DAC + ∠ACD = 180
90 + 12x – 8 + 3x + 8 = 180
15x = 90
x=6

∠DAC = 12(6) − 8 = 64

∠ACD = 3(6) + 8 = 26
diameter = 20 + 5 = 25
radius = 12.5 ∠ADC = 90
OC = 12.5 – 5 = 7.5 Since arc AB ≅ arc BC,
90
Apply Pythagorean theorem on △ OBC, ∠BAC = ∠BCA = 2 = 45

x 2 ∠ABC = 90
�2� = (12.5)2 − (7.5)2
x2
= 156.25 − 56.25 803. 11/16 of an inch is equal to?
4
x = 20 Solution:
1 inch = 25.4 mm
801. City B and city C are connected by Convert.
11 25.4 mm
means of a highway. A car leaves city B at 16
inch × 1 inch = 17.4625 mm
2:00 P.M. and travels at a constant rate of 40
mph toward city C. Thirty minutes later, 804. The eccentricity of a circle is _____.
another car leaves city B and travels toward a. 0 (answer)
city C at a constant rate of 55 mph. At what b. 1
time will the second car reach the first car? c. greater than 0 but less than 1
Solution: d. greater than 1

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 68
@*@
805. The eccentricity of an ellipse is _____. 811. If x = 3x – 2, find:
@*@
a. 0 5 - 3@*@
b. 1 Solution:
@*@
c. greater than 0 but less than 1 (answer) 5 - 3@*@ = [3(5) – 2] – [3(3) – 2]
d. greater than 1 = (15 - 2) – (9 - 2) = 13 - 7
=6
806. A straight concrete sidewalk is to
be 3 feet wide, 350 feet long, 812. To empty a swimming pool, a man
and 4 inches thick. How many cubic yards decided to use the regular drain and pump. If
of concrete must a contractor order for the it takes 20 hours for the pool to be emptied
sidewalk if concrete must be ordered in a using the drain alone and 10 hours to be
whole number of cubic yards? emptied using the pump alone, how long
Solution: will it take for the pool to be emptied using
V = (3)(350)(4/12) = 350 cu. ft. both the drain and the pump?
1 yard = 3 feet Solution:
1 yard 3 Let t be the time it will take for the pool to
V = 350 cu. ft.× � 3 ft. �
be emptied using both the drain and the
= 12.96 yard3 ≈ 13 yard3 pump. Then
1 1 1
20
+ 10
= t
807. The eccentricity of a parabola is _____. 3 1
a. 0 20
=t
b. 1 (answer) 3t = 20
c. greater than 0 but less than 1 t = 6.67 hours
d. greater than 1
813. There are 20 rows of seats in a concert
808. The eccentricity of a hyperbola is hall with 20 seats in the first row, 21 seats
_____. in the second row, 22 seats in the third row,
a. 0 and so on. In total, how many seats are
b. 1 there in the concert hall?
c. greater than 0 but less than 1 Solution:
d. greater than 1 (answer) The arrangement of seats forms an
arithmetic progression with terms
809. Two planes are 2800 km apart. They 20, 21, 22 … a20
move towards each other meeting after 3.5
hours. One plane flies at 75 kph slower than n
S = 2 [2a1 + (n − 1)d]
the other. What was the speed of each 20
plane? S20 = [2(20) + (20 − 1)(1)] = 590
2
Solution:
814. Suppose that y varies inversely as x and
that y = 40 when x = 4.Calculate the value
of y when x = 16.
Solution:
k
y = x where k = constant of proportion or
variation
Substitute y = 40 and x = 4 to obtain k
We know that d = Vt. k
d = d1 + d2 40 = 4
2800 = 3.5V + 3.5(V - 75) k = 160
2800 = 3.5V + 3.5V – 262.5
3062.5 = 7V When x = 16, the value of y is
k 160
V = 437.5 kph y = x = 16 = 10

It follows that the speed of the slower plane 815. The general equation of conics is of the
is form:
V – 75 = 437.5 – 75 = 362.5 kph a. Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
b. Ax2 + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
810. What is the highest position in the c. x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
corporation? d. Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey = 0
a. President
b. Board of directors 816. The weight of a man on Earth varies
c. Chairman of the board (answer) directly as the weight of the same man on
d. Stockholders the moon. A man weighing 980 N on Earth
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 69
would weigh 162.2 N on the moon. How 820. Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in
much would a 588 N man weigh on the circle X. If angle D = 40° and angle C = 80°,
moon? find angle A and angle B.
Solution:
let Ew = weight of man on Earth and
Mw = weight of man on the moon

Solve for k when Ew = 980 N and

Mw = 162.2 N
Ew = kMw
980 = k(162.2)
k = 6.04
Now find the weight of a 588 N man on the
moon using the same equation.
Ew = kMw Solution:
588 = (6.04)Mw Quadrilateral ABCD is a cyclic
Mw = 97.4 N quadrilateral. The sum of the opposite
angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°.
817. If the temperature remains constant, the Therefore,
pressure of an enclosed gas is inversely angle B = 180 – angle D = 180 – 40 = 140°
proportional to the volume. The pressure of angle A = 180 – angle C = 180 – 80 = 100°
a certain gas within a spherical balloon of
radius 9 inches is 20 psi. If the radius of the 821. The electrical resistance of a wire
balloon increases to 12 inches, find the new varies directly as its length and inversely as
pressure of the gas. the square of its diameter. A wire with a
Solution: length of 200 inches and a diameter of one-
let P = pressure and V = volume quarter of an inch has a resistance of 20
k ohms. Find the electrical resistance in a 500
P = V ; solve for k when radius = 9 inches
k inch long wire with the same diameter.
20 = 4 Solution:
π(9)3
3 kL
k = 19440π R = d2
k(200)
20 = 0.252
Solve for P when radius = 12 inches
19440π k = 0.00625
P=4 3
= 8.4 psi
π(12)
3
−2� When L = 500 inches and the diameter is the
128 3
818. Evaluate: �1024� same, the resistance is
0.00625(500)
Solution: R= = 50 ohms
−2� −2� 0.252
128 3 1 3 2 1� 2
�1024� = �8� = (8) �3 = �8 3�
822. A bag contains blue and green balls.
= (2)2 = 4 There are 6 blue balls. If the probability of
Note: You can use a calculator. drawing a blue ball at random is ¼, what is
the number of green balls in the bag?
819. What is the number of horsepower Solution:
required to raise 25,000 lbs of water for a Let T = total number of balls,
height of 30 meters within 10 minutes? Pb = probability of drawing a blue ball at
Solution: random and B = number of blue balls. Then
FD
P = T ; where P = power, F = force, T(Pb) = B
T = time and D = displacement T(1/4) = 6
Note: F must be in lbs, D must be in feet T = 24 balls
and T must be in minutes for
easy conversion to horsepower No. of Green Balls = 24 – 6 = 18

33000 ft−lbs 823. Is x = 7 a solution to x2 + 3x – 10 = 4 +

1 hp = min 8x?
Convert 30 meters to feet. a. no
3.28 ft
30 m × 1 m = 98.4 ft b. yes (answer)
Solution:
FD 25000 lbs(98.4 ft) 1 hp Substitute x = 7 into the equation.
P= T
= × 33000 ft−lbs
10 min 72 + 3(7) – 10 ?= 4 + 8(7)
min
P = 7.45 hp 49 + 21 – 10 ?= 4 + 56
60 = 60 (ok)
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 70
824. You loan from a firm an amount of By using the quadratic formula or by
100,000 with a rate of simple interest of factoring, we get
20% but the interest was deducted from the x = 20 inches
loan at the time the money was borrowed. If
at the end of one year, you have to pay the 828. Find the solution set for 18 – y < 10 if
full amount of 100,000, what is the actual the replacement set is {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}.
rate of interest? Solution:
Solution: y 18 – y < 10 True or
I = Pin = 100000(0.2)(1) = 20000 False?
After deducting the interest the new P is 7 18 – 7 < 10 → 11 ≮ 10 False
80000. So 8 18 – 8 < 10 → 10 ≮ 10 False
F = P(1 + in) 9 18 – 9 < 10 → 9 < 10 True
100000 = 80000(1 + i) 10 18 – 10 < 10 → 8 < 10 True
1.25 = 1 + i 11 18 – 11 < 10 → 7 < 10 True
i = 25% 12 18 – 12 < 10 → 6 < 10 True
825. Depreciation. Decrease in the value of The solution set is {9, 10, 11, 12}.
a physical property due to the passage of
time. 829. A function is even when:
a. -f(x) = f(-x) for all x
826. A number increased by 5 is equal to 42. b. f(x) = f(-x) for all x (answer)
Find the number. c. f(-x) = f(-x) for all x
Solution: d. -f(x) = -f(x) for all x
Let x be the number.
x + 5 = 42 830. A function is odd when:
x = 42 – 5 = 37 a. -f(x) = f(-x) for all x (answer)
b. f(x) = f(-x) for all x
827. A box with a square base and open on c. f(-x) = f(-x) for all x
top is to be made from a square piece of G.I. d. -f(x) = -f(x) for all x
plain sheet by cutting out a 4-inch square
from each corner and folding up the sides. If 831. Determine whether the function is odd,
the box is to hold 576 cubic inches, find the even, or neither odd nor even.
side length of the square G.I. plain sheet to i. f(x) = x4 – 3x2 + 7.
be used. ii. f(x) = 2x5 – 7x3 + 4x.
Solution: iii. f(x) = x3 + x2.

Solution:
i. f(x) = x4 – 3x2 + 7
Evaluate f(-x).
f(-x) = (-x)4 – 3(-x)2 + 7
= x4 – 3x2 + 7
f(-x) = f(x)
Therefore, the function is even.

ii. f(x) = 2x5 – 7x3 + 4x

Evaluate f(-x).
f(-x) = 2(-x)5 – 7(-x)3 + 4(-x)
= -2x5 + 7x3 – 4x
Factor out -1.
f(-x) = -1(2x5 - 7x3 + 4x)
f(-x) = - f(x)
Therefore, the function is odd.

iii. f(x) = x3 + x2
Evaluate f(-x).
f(-x) = (-x)3 + (-x)2
Volume = (x - 8)(x - 8)(4) = -x3 + x2
576/4 = x2 – 8x – 8x + 64 Factor out -1.
144 = x2 – 16x + 64 f(-x) = -1(x3 – x2)
144 = x2 – 16x + 64 Since f(-x) ≠ f(x) and f(-x) ≠ -f(x), the
x2 – 16x – 80 = 0 function is neither odd nor even.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 71
832. Solve for s. 835. What is the design of figure 28 of the
1−2s 4+3s
A − 4p = 5p pattern below?
Solution:
Multiply both sides by 20p to remove
denominators.
1−2s 4+3s
�A − 4p = 5p � 20p
20pA – (5)(1 – 2s) = 4(4 + 3s) a. 1
20pA – 5 + 10s = 16 + 12s b. 2
20pA – 21 = 2s c. 3
10pA – 10.5 = s d. 4 (answer)
or it can be written as
s = 10Ap – 10.5

833. The paper currency issued by the

Central Bank which forms part of the
country’s money supply.
a. T-bills
b. Bank note (answer)
c. Check
d. Coupon

834. The weight of a sphere varies jointly as 836. A hardware is having a 20% off sale
the cube of its radius and the density of the and one piece ¾ inch schedule 40
material of which it is made. The radii of galvanized iron pipe is now being sold for
two spheres are as 17:8 and the densities of ₱400. What was the original price of the
materials as 3:4. If the weight of the second galvanized iron pipe?
sphere be 40 kg., find the weight of the first. Solution:
Solution: Let x be the original price of the galvanized
Let W be the weight of a sphere of radius R iron pipe. We have
and D be the density of the material of x – 0.2x = 400
which it is made. 0.8x = 400
x = ₱500
From the condition of the problem, we have,
837. Find the area of parallelogram ABCD
W ∝ R3 D shown in the figure below.
or, W = kR3 D ….... (1)
By the conditions of the problem, if 17r be
the radius of the first sphere then that for the
second is 8r; if 3d is the density of the
material of the first sphere, then that for the
second is 4d. Let w kg. be the weight of the
first sphere. Then, for the first sphere,

W = w when R = 17r and D = 3d

Solution:
Therefore from (1) we get, The base of the parallelogram is BC = 4.
w = k ∙ (17r)3 ∙ 3d ………. (2) The height is the y-coordinate of vertex C.
And, for the second sphere we have, So the height is 2.

W= 40 kg when R = 8r and D = 4d A = base x height = 4 x 2 = 8 square units

Therefore, from (1) we get, 838. Solve the inequality -6 < 2x – 4 < 2.
40 = k ∙ (8r)3 ∙ 4d ……... (3) Solution:
A real number x is a solution of the
Now, dividing (2) by (3) we get, inequality -6 < 2x – 4 < 2 if and only if it is
w/40 = [k ∙ (17r)3 ∙ 3d]/[k ∙ (8r)3 ∙ 4d] a solution of both of the inequalities
= [(17)3 ∙ 3]/[83 ∙ 4] -6 < 2x – 4 and 2x – 4 < 2
Solving for the first inequality,
or , w = [(17)3 ∙ 3 ∙ 40]/[83 ∙ 4] = 287.87 kg. -6 < 2x – 4
-2 < 2x
-1 < x
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 72
Solving for the second inequality, 844. A tank can be filled by pipe A in 3
2x – 4 < 2 hours and by pipe B in 5 hours. When the
2x < 6 tank is full, it can be drained by pipe C in 4
x<3 hours. If the tank is initially empty and all
three pipes are open, how many hours will it
answer: -1 < x < 3 take to fill up the tank?
Solution:
839. A sample is some portion of a larger Let t be the time to fill up the tank when
group, called the population , selected to pipes A, B and C are all open.
1 1 1 1
represent that group.
A
+ B
− C
= t
1 1 1 1
840. A garden in a rectangular shape has a 3
+5−4= t
1
perimeter of 1200 meters. If the length of 0.2833 = t
this garden is twice the width. What is the t = 3.5 hours
area of this garden in square kilometres?
Solution: 845. Identify what conic section each
L = 2W represents.
P = 2L + 2W i. x2 + 6x – 4y + 1 = 0
1200 = 2(2W) + 2W ii. 4x2 – 9y2 – 16x + 54y – 101 = 0
1200 = 4W + 2W iii. 2x2 + 8x + 2y2 + 4y – 6 = 0
1200 = 6W iv. 4x2 + 25y2 – 24x + 100y + 36 = 0
W = 200 m = (200/1000)km = 0.2 km
Solution:
L = 2W = 2(0.2) = 0.4 km i. Parabola. A parabola has x2 but no y2. A
parabola has y2 but no x2.
A = LW = (0.2)(0.4) = 0.08 sq. km.
ii. Hyperbola. A hyperbola has positive x2
841. If the difference between successive and negative y2 or negative x2 and positive
terms is constant, it is called _____. y2. The coefficients of x2 and y2 are not
a. telescoping series equal.
b. harmonic sequence
c. geometric sequence iii. Circle. For a circle, the coefficients of x2
d. arithmetic sequence (answer) and y2 are equal and have the same sign.
842. Find A + B. iv. Ellipse. For an ellipse, the coefficients of
3 −4 7 7 −4 2
A=� �, B = � �, x2 and y2 are not equal and have the same
1 −6 2 −1 6 7
sign.
4 0 5
a. � � 846. Determine the value of m that
0 0 9
21 16 14 completes the square of the expression
b. � �
−1 −36 14 x2 – 4x + m
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 −𝟖𝟖 𝟗𝟗
c. � � (answer) Solution:
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗 The square of half the coefficient of x is
−10 −8 −9
d. � � −4 2
0 0 −9 �2� =4
Solution:
Thus, m = 4 and
Add the corresponding elements of the two
x2 – 4x + 4 = (x − 2)2
matrices.
847. Identify the conics shown labelled from
843. Find the height of a cast-iron cone
A to D.
whose weight is 533.4 kilograms and whose
diameter at the base is 5 decimeters. The
density of cast iron equals 7.22 kilograms
per cubic decimeter.
Solution:
mass
density = volume
533.4
7.22 = volume
volume = 73.9 decimeter3 A. circle
1 B. ellipse
volume = 3 (π)(2.52 )(h) = 73.9 C. parabola
h = 11.3 dc = 113 cm = 45 inches D. hyperbola

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 73
848. Find the solution of the equation a. Angle
12(y - 8) = 84 if the replacement set is b. Vertex
{10, 11,12, 13, 14, 15}. c. Edge (answer)
Solution: d. Diagonal
y 12(y - 8) = 84 True or
False? 852. Reduction in the level of national
10 12(10 - 8) → 24 ≠ 84 False income and output usually accompanied by
11 12(11 - 8) → 36 ≠ 84 False the fall in the general price level.
12 12(12 - 8) → 48 ≠ 84 False a. Devaluation
13 12(13 - 8) → 60 ≠ 84 False b. Deflation (answer)
14 12(14 - 8) → 72 ≠ 84 False c. Inflation
15 12(15 - 8) → 84 = 84 True d. Depreciation

The solution set is {15}. 853. y = log e x can be written as:

a. y = ln x (answer)
849. Solve the equation |x – 5| = 3. b. y = log x
Solution: c. y = x ln e
If |x – 5| = 3, then either d. y = ex
x – 5 = 3 or x – 5 = -3 q 7
854. Solve 30 = 10.
Solving for x, Solution:
x–5=3 q 7
30
= 10
x=8 30(7) 210
q= 10
= 10
= 21
or
855. In an arithmetic sequence or arithmetic
x – 5 = -3 progression, the difference between
x=2 consecutive terms is called _____.
a. common factor
850. A square is inscribed in a circle. What b. common ratio
is the ratio of the area of the circle to the c. common difference (answer)
area of the square? d. common multiple

856. Simplify.
Solution: 4(3x - 2)(2x + 4) + 3x2 + 5x – 6
Solution:
4(3x - 2)(2x + 4) + 3x2 + 5x – 6
= 4(6x2 + 12x – 4x - 8) + 3x2 + 5x – 6
= 4(6x2 + 8x - 8) + 3x2 + 5x – 6
= 24x2 + 32x - 32 + 3x2 + 5x – 6
= 27x2 + 37x – 38

857. If each of two lines is perpendicular to

the same line, then the lines are?
a. Perpendicular
b. Parallel
c. Tangent
Let the radius of the circle be 1 unit. So the d. Congruent
diameter is 2 units.
By Pythagorean Theorem, 858. If the area of the parallelogram shown
22 = x 2 + x 2 below is 280 square units, find x.
4 = 2x 2
x2 = 2

Asquare = x 2 = 2

Acircle = πr 2 = π(1) = π
π
Ratio = 2
Solution:
A = bh
851. The volume of a cube is equal to the 280 = (x + 2)(x + 8)
cube of the measure of its? 280 = x2 + 8x + 2x + 16
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 74
2 2 2
280 = x + 10x + 16 9(x – 10x + 25) – 16(y – 4y + 4) = 144
x2 + 10x - 264 = 0 9x2 – 90x + 225 – 16y2 + 64y - 64 = 144
9x2 – 16y2 – 90x + 64y + 17 = 0
By using the quadratic formula,
−b±√b2 −4ac −10±�102 −4(−264) The length of latus rectum is
x= = 2b2 2(9) 9
2a 2
−10±34 LR = = = 2 = 4.5
= 2
a 4
−10+34 24
x = 2 = 2 = 12 860. Divide x4 – 16 by x2 + 3x + 1.
or Solution:
−10−34 −44
x = 2 = 2 = −22 x 2 − 3x + 8
Neglect the negative value. x 2 + 3x + 1 )x 4 + 0x 3 + 0x 2 + 0x − 16
Hence, −(x 4 + 3x 3 + x 2 )
x = 12 units −3x 3 − x 2 + 0x
−(−3x 3 − 9x 2 − 3x)
859. The coordinates of the vertices of a 8x 2 + 3x − 16
hyperbola are V: (9,2) and (1,2). The −(8x 2 + 24x + 8)
distance between its two foci are 10. Find its
equation and length of its latus rectum. −21x − 24
Solution: answer:
x 2 − 3x + 8 remainder − 21x − 24
or it can be written as:
−21x−24
x 2 − 3x + 8 + x2+3x+1
Steps:
1. Divide x4 by x2. The answer is x2. Write
x2 above 0x2.
2. Multiply x2 by the divisor (x2 + 3x + 1).
Draw a sketch as shown above. The answer is x4 + 3x3 + x2.
The center is the midpoint between the 3. Subtract (x4 + 3x3 + x2) from (x4 + 0x3 +
vertices. 0x2). The answer is -3x3 – x2. Now bring
9+1 2+2
C(h,k) = C � 2 , 2 � = C(5,2) down 0x.
4. Divide -3x3 by x2. The answer is -3x.
Write -3x above 0x.
For a hyperbola:
5. Multiply -3x by the divisor (x2 + 3x + 1).
a = distance from the center to the vertex
The answer is -3x3 – 9x2 – 3x.
c = distance from the center to the focus
6. Subtract -3x3 – 9x2 – 3x from -3x3 – x2 +
0x. The answer is 8x2 + 3x. Now bring down
From our sketch, we can see that
– 16.
c = 5 and a = 4
7. Divide 8x2 by x2. The answer is 8. Write 8
above -16. Multiply 8 by the divisor (x2 + 3x
For a hyperbola,
+ 1). The answer is 8x2 + 24x + 8.
c2 = a2 + b2 (c is always greater than a)
8. Subtract 8x2 + 24x + 8 from 8x2 + 3x –
16. The answer is -21x – 24. This is now the
So,
remainder.
52 = 42 + b2
25 = 16 + b2
861. An association of two or more
b2 = 9
individuals for the purpose of operating a
b=3
business as co-owners for profit.
a. Sole proprietorship
From our sketch, the transverse axis (2a) is
b. Company
parallel with the x-axis. The equation for
c. Partnership (answer)
this type of a hyperbola with center at C(h,k)
d. Corporation
is given by
(x−h)2 (y−k)2
− b2 = 1 862. Let f(x) = 2x – 7. Find the inverse of
a2
Note: For a hyperbola, a2 is always function f.
associated with the positive x2 or positive y2. Solution:
Change f(x) to y.
The equation of the hyperbola is f(x) = 2x – 7
(x−5)2 (y−2)2 y = 2x – 7
− =1
16 9 Interchange the variables x and y.
(x−5)2 (y−2)2
� 16 − 9 = 1� (16)(9) x = 2y – 7
9(x - 5)2 – 16(y - 2)2 = 16(9) Now solve for y in terms of x.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 75
x + 7 = 2y
Dividing both sides by 2 gives 4x+3
866. Let f(x) = 2x+5. Find the inverse of
x+7
y= 2 function f.
x+7
f −1 (x) = 2
Solution:
4x+3
f(x) = 2x+5
863. Find the next three terms in the Change f(x) to y.
sequence 3, 6, 12, 24, … . 4x+3
y = 2x+5
Solution:
Interchange the variables x and y.
3, 6, 12, 24, …. 4y+3
3 x = 2y+5
6=3+3 Then solve for y in terms of x.
12 = 6 + 6 x(2y + 5) = 4y + 3
24 = 12 + 12 2xy + 5x = 4y + 3
48 = 24 + 24 2xy – 4y = 3 – 5x
96 = 48 + 48 y(2x - 4) = 3 – 5x
192 = 96 + 96 3−5x
y = 2x−4
3−5x
Challenge: Solve this problem using f −1 (x) = 2x−4
geometric progression principles.
867. In the parallelogram shown, find the
864. Find the difference. perpendicular distance between line m and
1,000,000,000,000 – 666,666,666,666 = ___ line k.
Solution:
1,000,000,000,000 – 666,666,666,666
= 999,999,999,999 - 666,666,666,666 + 1
= 333,333,333,333 + 1
= 333,333,333,334

865. A square game board has black and

white stripes of equal width as shown. What
is the chance that a dart thrown at the board
will land on a white stripe?
a. 5/14
b. 5/13
c. 5/12
d. 5/15 Solution:

Solution:

Let z be the perpendicular distance between

m and k.

opposite side z
sin 60° = soh 60° = hypotenuse
= 20
Since the width of the black and white z = 20 sin 60° = 17.32 feet
stripes are equal, we can divide the whole
square into 36 small squares as shown. Note: soh means,
The white stripes has an area of 15 square opposite
sin (of an angle) = hypotenuse
units. The whole square has an area of 36
square units. So the desired probability is
868. Find the volume of the oblique cone
15 5 shown.
P = 36 = 12

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 76
∑Fx = 0:
Ff = FT2 = 8 N

∑Fy = 0:
FN = 20 N
F 8
μk = F f = 20 = 0.4
N

871. Find the sum.

Solution: (4x2–5x+7+2x4) + (x+7+6x2+5x4+8x3)
1 1 Solution:
V = 3 Ab h = 3 (π)(152 )(29)
To add or subtract polynomials, put like
= 6832.96 cu. m. terms together then add or subtract.
(4x2–5x+7+2x4) + (x+7+6x2+5x4+8x3)
869. Perform the indicated operation. Remove the parenthesis.
x2 −49 x2 −x−42
÷ x2 +7x+6 = 4x2–5x+7+2x4 + x+7+6x2+5x4+8x3
2x2 −3x−5
Solution: Put like terms together.
Factor the numerators and denominators. = 2x4+5x4+8x3+4x2+6x2–5x+x+7+7
x2 −49 x2 −x−42 = 7x4 + 8x3 + 10x2 - 4x + 14
2x2 −3x−5
÷ x2 +7x+6
(x−7)(x+7) (x−7)(x+6) 872. The maximum load that a cylindrical
= (2x−5)(x+1) ÷ (x+1)(x+6)
column with a circular cross section can
Now, invert the divisor then proceed to hold varies directly as the fourth power of
multiplication. the diameter and inversely as the square of
(x−7)(x+7) (x+1)(x+6)
= (2x−5)(x+1) × (x−7)(x+6) the height. A 9 meter column, 2 meters in
(x - 7) and (x + 7), (x + 1) and (x + 1), (x + diameter will support 64 metric tons. How
6) and (x + 6) cancels out. So we get many metric tons can be supported by a
x+7 column 9 meters high and 3 meters in
= 2x−5
diameter?
Solution:
870. Pulled by the 8 N load shown, the 20 N kd4
block slides to the right at a constant L= h2
velocity. Find μk between the block and the k(2)4
64 = 92
table. Assume the pulley to be both light and
k = 324
frictionless.
When the diameter is 3 m and height is 9 m,
the cylindrical column can support
324(2)4
L= = 324 metric tons
92

873. Find the difference.

(11x4–9x3–8+x) - (5x4+9x3–6x–13x2+21)
Solution:
(11x4–9x3–8+x) - (5x4+9x3–6x–13x2+21)
Remove the parenthesis by applying the
distributive property.
= 11x4–9x3–8+x - 5x4-9x3+6x+13x2-21
Put like terms together.
Solution: = 11x4- 5x4–9x3–9x3+13x2+x+6x-8-21
Add or subtract.
= 6x4 – 18x3 +13x2 + 7x - 29

874. These are products or services that are

desired by human and will be purchase if
money is available after the required
necessities have been obtain.
a. Utilities
Because it is moving at a constant velocity, b. Necessities
the 20 N block is in equilibrium. Since the c. Luxuries
pulley is frictionless, the tension in the d. Product goods and services
continuous rope is the same on both sides of
the pulley. Thus, FT1 = FT2 = 8 N.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 77
875. If f is a function defined by the 880. Given A(-2,9) and B(5,-4), what is the
equation y = f(x), then x is called the _____ equation of the perpendicular bisector of line
variable, and y is the _____ variable. AB?
Solution:
a. given; required Since it is a bisector, the line passes through
b. range; domain the midpoint of line AB. The midpoint of
c. dependent; independent line AB is
d. independent; dependent −2+5 3
Zx = 2 = 2
9−4 5
84𝑥𝑥−√𝑥𝑥 Zy = =
876. Solve for x: 2𝑥𝑥+√𝑥𝑥 = 22√𝑥𝑥 2 2
16 3 5
Solution: So the midpoint is Z �2 , 2�
Rewrite so that they have a common base. Now, find the slope of line AB.
84x−√x 9+4 13
m = −2−5 = −7 = − 7
13
= 22√x
162x+√x
So the slope of the perpendicular bisector is
23�4x−√x�
= 22√x 7
24�2x+√x� 13
212x−3√x From the point slope form of the equation of
= 22√x a line, we have
28x+4√x
Since they have a common base, we can y – y1 = m(x – x1)
5 7 3
bring up the denominator using the laws of y − 2 = 13 �x − 2�
exponents. 65 21
13y − = 7x −
�212x−3√x ��2−(8x+4√x ) �
= 22√x 2
65
2
21
13y − 7x − 2 + 2 = 0
�212x−3√x ��2−8x−4√x � = 22√x 13 y – 7x – 22 = 0
212x−3√x −8x−4√x = 22√x
We now equate the exponents or powers. 881. It is a series of equal payment
12x - 3√x – 8x - 4√x = 2√x occurring at equal interval of time.
4x - 7√x = 2√x a. Annuity (answer)
b. Debt
4x = 9√x
c. Amortization
Squaring both sides and simplifying gives
d. Deposit
(4x = 9√x)2
16x2 = 81x 882. An annuity in which the payments
16x = 81 continue indefinitely.
x = 81/16 a. deferred annuity
b. annuity due
877. Find the product. c. perpetuity (answer)
(11x)(2x3 - 8x2 + x - 2) d. ordinary annuity
Solution:
Apply the distributive property. 883. Find the product.
(11x)(2x3 - 8x2 + x - 2) (4x + 5y)(-2x + 7)
= 11x(2x3 - 8x2 + x - 2) Solution:
= 22x4 – 88x3 + 11x2 – 22x Distribute each term of the first polynomial
to every term of the second polynomial. In
878. Solve √x + 1 + 7 = 10. this case, we need to distribute the 4x and
Solution: the 5y.
√x + 1 + 7 = 10 (4x + 5y)(-2x + 7)
√x + 1 = 3 = 4x(-2x + 7) + 5y(-2x + 7)
Square both sides. = -8x2 + 28x -10xy + 35y
2
�√x + 1� = 32
x+1 =9 or
x=8
(4x + 5y)(-2x + 7) = -8x2 + 28x -10xy + 35y
879. The place where buyers and sellers
come together to transact with each other. 884. Classify the type of conic section based
a. Market (answer) on each equation.
b. Mall i. 5y2 – 2x2 = -25 _______________
1
c. Department store ii. x = − 2 y 2 − 3 _______________
d. Buy 1 take 1 section iii. 4x2 + 6y2 = 36 _______________
1
iv. x2 - 4 y = 1 _______________

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 78
x2 y2 Prime factorization of 30:
v. 8 − 4 = 1 _______________
30 = 10*3 = 2*5*3 = 2*3*5
vi. x2 + y2 = 16y _______________
x2 y2
vii. 4 + 16 = 1 _______________ i. The lowest factor common to them is 2.
viii. x2 + y2 + 8x + 4y – 61 = 0 __________
ii. For the highest common factor, we get the
Answers: lowest power of the shared factor. The
i. Hyperbola because y2 is positive and x2 is shared factors are 2 and 5. The lowest power
negative. of 2 is 1 (21) and the lowest power of 5 is 1
(51). So the highest common factor is
ii. Parabola because there is y2 but there is 2*5 = 10
no x2.
889. Solve the equation: 2|x – 5| + 3 = 11
2 2
iii. Ellipse because x and y are both Solution:
positive. Simplify first.
2|x – 5| + 3 = 11
iv. Parabola because there is x2 but there is 2|x – 5| = 8
no y2. |x – 5| = 4

v. Hyperbola because x2 is positive and y2 is x–5=4

negative. x=9

vi. Circle because the coefficients of x2 and or

y2 are equal.
x – 5 = -4
2 2
vii. Ellipse because x and y are both x=1
positive.
890. Given the sequence: 9, 17, 25, 33, ….
viii. Circle because the coefficients of x2 and Find the 14th term.
y2 are equal. Solution:
The nth term of an arithmetic sequence is
885. A solution, such as that to an equation, given by
that emerges from the process of solving the an = am + (n - m)d; where an = nth term and
problem but is not a valid solution to the am = any term before an
problem.
a. unique solution In the AP 9, 17, 25, 33, ….. , the common
b. extraneous solution or spurious difference is d = 8. So
solution
c. no solution an = am + (n - m)d
d. infinitely many solution a14 = a1 + (14 - 1)(8)
a14 = 9 + (13)(8) = 113
886. The _______________ about an axis, or
due to a force, is a measure of the
effectiveness of the force in producing an = am + (n - m)d
rotation about that axis. The word comes a14 = a2 + (14 - 2)(8)
from the French for “twist.” a14 = 17 + (12)(8) = 113
answer: torque
or
887. Polygons are classified according to the
number of _____. an = am + (n - m)d
a. sides a14 = a3 + (14 - 3)(8)
b. diagonals a14 = 25 + (11)(8) = 113
c. exterior angles
d. vertices etc . . . . .

888. i. What is the lowest common factor of Note: AP in my solution means, Arithmetic
20 and 30? Progression, another term for Arithmetic
ii. What is the highest common factor of 10 Sequence.
and 30?
Solution: 891. In a conic section, if the eccentricity,
Prime factorization of 20: e > 1, the locus is _____.
20 = 2*5 = 2*2*5 a. an ellipse

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 79
b. a hyperbola (answer) Reduced to lowest terms by dividing the
c. a circle numerator and denominator by -3.
d. a parabola 21√3−60 −7√3+20 20−7√3
= −33
= 11
= 11
4 4 4 3 2
892. Divide 18x y + 12x y – 9x by 3x y
Solution: Note. We divided by -3 to remove the
Divide each term of the numerator by the negative sign on the denominator.
denominator. Apply law of exponents.
18x4 y4 +12x4 y3 −9x 897. Convert the following exponential
3x2 y equations to their logarithmic forms.
3 i. a4 = 24 _______________
= 6x 2 y 3 + 4x 2 y 2 − xy
ii. 34 = 5x + 1 _______________
Solution:
893. Find the diameter of a circle whose loga x = y if and only if ay = x
area is equal to the difference between the i. a4 = 24 → loga 24 = 4
area of an 8-inch circle and the area of a 4- ii. 34 = 5x + 1 → log3(5x + 1) = 4
inch circle?
Solution: 898. A market whereby there is only one
The area of a circle is given by the equation buyer of an item for which there are no
π
A = 4 (d)2 ; where d = diameter of circle goods substitute.
The difference between the area of the 8- answer: Monopsony
inch and 4 inch circle is
π
= 4 (82 − 42 ) = 13.7 square inches 899. Solve the equation:
1
The diameter of the area above is �2 x + 4� = |4x − 6|
π
13.7 = (d)24
Solution:
13.7(4) = π(d)2 The only way the two absolute values can be
d = 6.93 inches equal is if the quantities inside them are the
same value or the same value except for
894. Solve the equation 3x+8 = 812x−4. opposite signs. Doing this gives,
1
Solution: 2
x + 4 = −(4x − 6)
We know that 81 = 34. So 1
x + 4 = −4x + 6
3x+8 = 812x−4 2
x = 4/9
3x+8 = 34(2x−4)
Since they have the same bases, we have
or
x + 8 = 4(2x - 4)
x + 8 = 8x – 16 1
16 + 8 = 8x – x 2
x + 4 = 4x − 6
24 = 7x x = 20/7
Dividing both sides by 7 yields
x = 24/7 900. The set of all points in a plane that are
equally distant from a fixed point called the
895. Convert the following logarithmic focus and a fixed line called the directrix.
equations to their exponential forms. answer: parabola
1
i. log 6 √6 = 2
1 901. Solve the equation:
ii. log 2 8 = −3 x3 + 2x2 – x – 2 = 0
Solution: Solution:
loga x = y if and only if ay = x Group the first two terms and the last two
1
1 terms.
i. log 6 √6 = 2 → 62 = √6
1 1 (x3 + 2x2) – (x + 2) = 0
ii. log 2 8 = −3 → 2−3 = 8 Factor the first group.
x2(x + 2) – (x + 2) = 0
896. Rationalize the denominator of Factor out (x + 2).
9−2√3 (x + 2)(x2 - 1) = 0
√3+6 We know that a2 – b2 = (a - b)(a + b). So
Solution: (x + 2)(x2 - 12) = 0
√3−6
Multiply the fraction by (x + 2)(x - 1)(x + 1) = 0
√3−6
9−2√3 √3−6 9√3−54−2(3)+12√3
× = By the Zero Factor Theorem,
√3+6 √3−6 3−6√3+6√3−36
9√3−54−6+12√3 21√3−60 x + 2 = 0; x – 1 = 0; x + 1 = 0
= =
3−6√3+6√3−36 −33

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 80
1
Solve for x internal diameters of 2, 2 2, and 3 inches,
x = -2; x = 1; x = -1
respectively. What is the diameter of a pipe
having an area equal to the three pipes?
902. We may classify an interest rate, which
Solution:
specifies the actual rate of interest on the
Working Formula if diameter is given:
principal for one year as _____. π
a. Nominal rate A = 4 πd2
π π 1 2
b. Rate of return
4
D2 = 4 �22 + �2 2� + 32 �
c. Exact interest rate
d. Effective rate (answer) D = 4.39 inches

903. The weight of anything on the moon is 906. Reduced to lowest terms.
x2 +2x−15
about one-sixth its weight on Earth. If an
x2 +x−12
object weighs 33 pounds on the moon, what Solution:
is the weight on Earth? Factor the numerator and denominator.
Solution: x2 +2x−15 (x+5)(x−3) x+5
Let m = weight on the moon x2 +x−12
= (x+4)(x−3) = x+4
e = weight on Earth
907. Which number in the array below is
1
m = 6e both the largest in its column and the
1 smallest in its row. (Columns go up and
33 = 6 e down, rows go right and left.)
e = 198 lbs 13 12 19
6 9 4
904. Solve √x + 2 = x − 4. 20 2 11
Solution: Solution:
√x + 2 = x − 4 20 is the largest in the first column but the
Square both sides. largest in its row.
2 12 is the largest on the second column and
�√x + 2� = (x − 4)2 the smallest in its row.
x + 2 = x2 – 8x + 16 19 is the largest in the third column but the
x2 – 9x + 14 = 0 largest in its row.

By using the quadratic formula, So the answer is 12.

−b±√b2 −4ac 9±�(−9)2 −4(1)(14)
x= =
2a 2 908. Find the solution set for the inequality
9±√81−56 9±√25 9±5
= = = 24 – 2x ≥ 13 if the replacement set is
2 2 2
9+5 9−5 {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
x= = 7 or x = =2
2 2 Solution:
To find the solution set from the
Squaring each side of an equation replacement set, plug in each value from the
sometimes produces extraneous solutions. replacement set and evaluate both sides of
Therefore, we must check all solutions in the the equation. If the equation is true then the
original equation. value is a solution.
Check: u 24 – 2u ≥ 13 True or
x=7 False?
√x + 2 = x − 4 0 24 – 2(0) ≥ 13 → 24 ≥ True
√7 + 2 = 7 − 4 13
√9 = 3 1 24 – 2(1) ≥ 13 → 22 ≥ True
3=3 13
2 24 – 2(2) ≥ 13 → 20 ≥ True
x=2 13
√x + 2 = x − 4 3 24 – 2(3) ≥ 13 → 18 ≥ True
√2 + 2 = 2 − 4 13
√4 = −2 4 24 – 2(4) ≥ 13 → 16 ≥ True
2 ≠ −2 13
5 24 – 2(5) ≥ 13 → 14 ≥ True
Therefore, x = 7 is the only solution because 13
x = 2 does not satisfy the original equation. 6 24 – 2(6) ≥ 13 → 12 ≱ False
13
905. _______________ In a certain The solution set is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
plumbing installations, three pipes have
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 81
909. Simplify and reduced to lowest terms. different side dishes, and 10 different
x2 −8x+12 4x+16 beverages from which to choose, how many
x2 −16
× x2 −4x+4
different lunch specials can you order?
Solution: Solution:
Factor the numerators and denominators. By the fundamental counting principle, the
x2 −8x+12 4x+16 (x−6)(x−2) 4(x+4)
x2 −16
×x2 −4x+4
= (x−4)(x+4) × (x−2)(x−2) number of different lunch specials is
4(x−6) 20 × 15 × 10 = 3000
= (x−4)(x−2)
914. A student in an algebra course has test
910. Consists of the actual counting or scores of 64 and 78. What score on a third
determination of the actual quantity of the test will give the student an average of 80?
materials on hand as of a given date. Solution:
a. Physical inventory (answer) 64+78+x
3
= 80
b. Material update
64 + 78 + x = 80(3)
c. Material assessment
142 + x = 240
d. Material count
x = 98
911. Find the center, radius, area and
915. The _____ of a number is its logarithm
circumference of the circle:
to the base of the mathematical constant, e.
x2 + y2 – 6x – 12y – 55 = 0
a. common logarithm
Solution:
b. natural logarithm (answer)
The standard equation of a circle with center
c. binary logarithm
at (h, k) and radius r is
d. derivative
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
916. Let (a - 3)x – y + b – 5 = 0 be the
Convert to standard equation by completing
equation of a line that forms a 45 degree
the square.
with the positive side of the x-axis. If the y-
x2 + y2 – 6x – 12y – 55 = 0
intercept is -2, find a – b.
x2 – 6x + y2 – 12y = 55
Solution:
x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 12y + 36 = 55 + 9 + 36
Express the given equation of the line to
(x - 3)2 + (y - 6)2 = 100
slope intercept form.
C(3,6)
(a - 3)x – y + b – 5 = 0
r2 =100
(a - 3)x + b – 5 = y
r = 10
or it can written as
A = πr2 =100π
y = (a - 3)x + (b - 5)
C = 2πr = 2(10)π = 20π
where: a – 3 = slope
b – 5 = y-intercept
912. Divide x2 – 3x – 10 by x + 2
a – 3 = tan 45
Solution:
a = tan 45 + 3 = 1 + 3 = 4
Divide by long division.
x−5
b – 5 = -2
x + 2 )x 2 − 3x − 10 b = -2 + 5 = 3
−(x 2 + 2x)
−5x − 10 So,
−(−5x − 10) a–b=4–3=1
Steps:
1. x2 divided by x is x. Write x above -3x. 917. It is a series of equal payments
2. Multiply x by (x + 2). The answer is (x2 + occurring at equal interval of time where the
2x). Write the answer as shown above. first payment is made after several periods,
3. Subtract (x2 + 2x) from x2 – 3x. The after the beginning of the payment.
answer is -5x. Now bring down -10. answer: Deferred Annuity
4. Divide -5x by x. The answer is -5. Write
-5 above -10. 918. A student of algebra has test scores of
5. Multiply -5 by (x + 2). The answer is (-5x 78, 80 and 78. What score on a fourth test
- 10). Subtract this from -5x – 10. The will give the student an average of 84?
answer is 0 (zero). So the quotient is x – 5. Solution:
78+80+78+x
4
= 84
913. Marvin owns a restaurant. It offers a 78 + 80 + 78 + x = 4(84)
lunch special in which you can choose a 236 + x = 336
sandwich, a side dish, and a beverage. If x = 100
there are 20 different sandwiches, 15

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 82
919. A surface that is formed by rotating a
answer: paraboloid
1
920. Rationalize the denominator of
√2
Solution:
Multiply the numerator and denominator by
√2. We have,
1 √2 √2 √2
× = =
√2 √2 √2√2 2

−20 1
921. If M = � −4 32�, find 5M.
12 7
Solution:
−20 1
5M= 5 � −4 32�
12 7
−5(20) 5(1) −100 5
5M= 5 � 5(−4) 5(32) � = � −20 160� If the minute hand moves a distance of x
5(12) 5(7) 60 35 minutes, the hour hand moves a distance of
x/12 minutes.
922. The ratio of the interest payment to the From the figure above,
x
principal for a given unit of time and usually x = 5 + 2 + 30
expressed as a percentage of the principal. x = 38.18 minutes or 38:11
answer: Interest rate
time = 1:38:11
923. A rectangle is divided into 10 identical
squares. If the perimeter of the rectangle is 926. A person must burn 3500 Calories to
56 inches, what is the area of each square? lose one pound of weight. How many
Calories must a person have to burn each
day to lose four pounds in two weeks?
Solution:
A person must burn 3500 calories to lose 1
lb of weight.
A person wants to lose four pounds. So he
must burn
Solution: 3500 calories
4 lbs × 1 lb
= 14000 calories
This person must burn 14000 calories in two
weeks. There are 14 days in a week, so he
must burn
14000 calories 1000 calories
14 days
= 1 day

The person must burn 1000 calories each

day for two weeks to lose four pounds of
weight.
P = sum of the side lengths = 2L + 2W
56 = 2(5s) + 2(2s)
927. What is the largest quotient that can be
56 = 10s + 4s
formed using two numbers chosen from the
s = 4 inches
set {-48, 30, -3, -2, 1, 3, 5}
A = s2 = 42 = 16 square inches
Solution:
30/1 = 30 (the largest quotient from the
924. If x2 + y2 = 2 and x2 – y2 = 2, then
options)
x4 - y4 = ____
-48/1 = -48 (negative number is smaller than
Solution:
zero, the smallest quotient from the
From: a2 – b2 = (a - b)(a + b)
options)
(x2)2 – (y2)2 = (x2 – y2)(x2 + y2) = 2(2) = 4
-48/-2 = 24 (the second largest quoteint)
48 (this quotient cannot be determined)
925. What is the time after 1:00 o’clock will
the hands of the clock forms a straight line
928. These are products or services that are
for the first time?
required to support human life and activities
Solution:
that will be purchased in somewhat the same
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 83
quantity even though the price varies x = -3
considerably.
answer: Necessities 934. Additional information of prospective
bidders on contract documents issued prior
929. Let f be the function with domain ℝ to bidding date?
such that f(x) = x2 for every x in ℝ. answer: Bid Bulletin
i. Find f(8). __________
ii. Find f�√5�. __________ 935. The logarithm to the base 10.
iii. Find f(a + b). __________ answer: common logarithm
iv. Find f(a) + f(b). __________
936. What volume does 300 g of mercury
Solution: occupy? The density of mercury is 13600
We find the values of f by substituting for x kg/m3.
in the equation f(x) = x2 Solution:
mass
i. f(8) = 82 = 64 ρ = volume
2 0.3 kg
ii. f�√5� = �√5� = 5 13600 kg/m3 = volume
iii. f(a + b) = (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 volume = 2.21 × 10−5 m3
iv. f(a) + f(b) = a2 + b2
937. Find the center and vertices of the
930. The total income equal the total hyperbola 9x2 – 4y2 – 18x + 32y – 91 = 0.
operating cost.
answer: Break even Solution:
931. Refers to the number of different ways
of choosing things from a group of n
objects, when you care about the order in
which they are chosen, and the selection is
made without replacement.
answer: permutation

932. If 3x = 2y and 6y = 7z, what is the

ratio of x to z?
Solution:
Multiply the first equation by 3. We get We convert the given equation into a
3(3x = 2y) standard form.
9x = 6y 9x2 – 4y2 – 18x + 32y – 91 = 0
Substitute the above equation to equation 2. Arrange the terms.
6y = 7z 9x2 – 18x – 4y2 + 32y = 91
9x = 7z
x/z = 7/9 Factor out common factors.
or 9(x2 -2x) – 4(y2 - 8y) = 91
x:z = 7:9
Complete the square of the x terms and the y
933. Find the exact value of terms.
i. log2 16 9(x2-2x+1) – 4(y2-8y+16) = 91+9(1)-4(16)
1
ii. log3 27 9(x - 1)2 – 4(y - 4)2 = 36
Solution:
loga x = y if and only if ay = x Dividing both sides by 36 gives
(x−1)2 (y−4)2
i. let x be the exact value of log2 16, then − 9 =1
4
log2 16 = x From the above,
2x = 16 a2 = 4
2x = 24 b2 = 9
x=4 It follows that a = 2 and b = 3.
1 Note: a2 is always associated with positive
ii. let x be the exact value of log3 27, then x2 or positive y2.
1
log3 27 = x
x 1 Since x2 is positive, the hyperbola opens to
3 = 27 the right and to the left.
1
3x = 33 = 3-3
The center of the hyperbola is C(1,4).
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 84
For a hyperbola “a” is the distance from the 940. Find the area of the parallelogram
center to the vertices. Since a = 2, we move shown.
2 units to the left for the left vertex and 2
units to the right for the right vertex. So the
vertices are
V: (-1,4) and (3,4)

938. Given that f(x) = 5x3 – 6, g(x) = 4x2 +

9, h(x) = (f•g)(x), find h(3).
Solution: Solution:
h(x) = (f•g)(x) = f(x)•g(x) A = base x height = 40(30) = 1200 m2
h(3) = f(3)•g(3)
941. Six consecutive integers are given.
f(x) = 5x3 – 6 Then sum of the first three is 27. What is the
f(3) = 5(3)3 – 6 = 129 sum of the last three?
Solution:
g(x) = 4x2 + 9 x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 27
g(3) = 4(3)2 + 9 = 45 x + x + 1 + x + 2 + 27
3x = 24
Therefore, x=8
h(3) = (129)(45) = 5805
So the six consecutive integers are
939. Find the equation of the line (in slope 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
intercept form) that is tangent to the circle The sum of the last three is
(x - 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 61 at point A(-2,-8). 11 + 12 + 13 = 36
Solution:
942. If the base of a logarithmic function is
not indicated, example log x, it is
understood to be _____.
a. 0
b. 1
c. 10 (answer)
d. e

943. It is defined to be the capacity of a

commodity to satisfy human want.
answer: Utility

The center of the circle (x - 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 944. Represent the ratio between the
61 is at C(3,-2). We need to find the slope of circumference of a circle and its diameter.
the line connecting the points (3,-2) and answer: π
(-2,-8).
y −y −2+8 6
m = x2 −x1 = 3+2 = 5 945. Find the area of figures A, B, C and D.
2 1
The tangent line is perpendicular to the line
connecting the points (3,-2) and (-2,-8). The
slope of perpendicular lines are negative
reciprocals. So the slope of the tangent line
6 −5
is the negative reciprocal of 5 which is 6 .

Equation of the tangent line at point (-2,-8):

From the point-slope form of an equation of
a line, we have
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
−5
y + 8 = 6 (x + 2)
−5x −10 Figure A: _________ square yards
y+8= 6
+ 6 Figure B: _________ square feet
−5x −10 Figure C: _________ square meters
y= 6
+ 6
−8
−5 29 Figure D: _________ square inches
y= 6
x− 3
Solution:
A. triangle

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 85
2
A = (1/2)(bh) = (1/2)(7.5)(9.8) = 36.75 yd what pipe size will be required to deliver 20
B. trapezoid gallons per minute?
A = (h/2)(a + b) = (8/2)(6 + 12) = 72 ft2 Solution:
The area of the 1-inch pipe is
C. rhombus A = πr2 = π(0.5)2 = 0.785 in2
A = (1/2)(product of diagonals)
A = (1/2)(8 x 10) = 40 m2 Twice the area of the 1-inch pipe is
2A = 2(0.785) = 1.57
D. general quadrilateral
A = area of the two triangles The pipe size be required to deliver 20
A = (1/2)[7.2(15) + 7(12)] = 96 in2 gallons per minute is
1.57 = πR2
946. Solve. log3 (4x - 7) = 2 R = 0.71
Solution: D = 2R = 2(0.71) = 1.42 inches
log3 (4x - 7) = 2
Convert to exponential form. 955. This occurs in a situation where a
32 = 4x – 7 commodity or service is supplied by a
9 = 4x – 7 number of vendors and there is nothing to
16 = 4x prevent additional vendors entering the
4=x market.
answer: Perfect competition
947. A number that describes how steep a
line is. answer: slope 956. What is the weight of 1 cubic inch of
water if it is assumed that 1 cubic foot
948. It is the amount which a willing buyer weighs 62.5 pounds?
will pay to a willing seller for a property Solution:
where each had equal advantage and is 1 ft3 = 62.5 lbs
under no compulsion to buy or sell. 12 in 3
1 ft3 = 1 ft3 × � 1 ft � = 1728 in3
answer: Market value
So the weight of 1 cubic inch of water is
1 in3 1728 in3
949. The study of chance occurrences. = 62.5 lbs
w
answer: probability w = 0.0362 lbs
950. Solve. e2x = 5 957. Find the length of the hypotenuse of a
Solution: right triangle if the legs measures 8 and 15.
e2x = 5 Solution:
Take the natural log of both sides. By Pythagorean theorem,
ln e2x = ln 5 c2 = a2 + b2 = 82 + 152 = 64 + 225 = 289
2x ln e = ln 5
c = √289 = 17
However, ln e = 1
2x = ln 5
ln 5 958. Car A which is running at the speed of
x = 2 ≈ 0.8047 60 km/hr leaves station N which is 200 km
away from station S where it is heading. Car
951. Given: f(x) = x2 + 2x and g(x) = x + 1 B leaves station S heading to station N at the
Find f ○ g(x). speed of 40 km/hr. How long will the two
Solution: cars meet?
f ○ g(x) = f(g(x)) Solution:
= f(x + 1) = f(x + 1)2 + 2(x + 1)
= x2 + 2x + 1 + 2x + 2
= x2 + 4x + 3

952. Kind of obligation which has no

condition attached.
answer: Gratuitous d = Vt
d = d1 + d2 = VAt + VBt
953. In a right triangle, the side opposite the 200 = 60t + 40t
right angle is called the _____. 200 = 100t
answer: hypotenuse t = 2 hours

954. _______________ If a 1-inch pipe 959. i. loga 1 = _____

delivers 10 gallons of water per minute, ii. loga a = _____
Solution:
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 86
i. loga 1 = 0 x = cost of baseball
ii. loga a = 1 y = cost of bat
x
960. Solve 8 + 21 = 14. x + y = 110 (eq. 1)
Solution:
x y = x + 100 (eq. 2)
8
+ 21 = 14
x
8
= 14 − 21 Substitute eq. 2 in eq. 1.
x x + x + 100 = 110
8
= −7
2x = 10
x = 8(-7) = -56
x = $5
961. A condition where only few individuals
967. Direct labor cost incurred in the factory
produce a certain product and that any
and direct material costs are the costs of all
action of one will lead to almost the same
materials that go into production. The sum
action of others.
of these two direct cost is known as:
answer: Oligopoly
answer: Prime Cost
962. Find all the values of m such that the
points A(2,0), B(6, m-1), and C(-3 + m, 3) 968. If f�√x� = x 2 , find f(2).
lie on a straight line. Solution:
Solution: √x = 2
2
The slope from A to B must be equal to the �√x� = 22
slope from B to C. x=4
mAB = mBC f(2) = 42 = 16
m−1−0 3−(m−1)
6−2
= −3+m−6
m−1 3−m+1 969. An artificial expense that spreads the
4
= m−9 purchase price of an asset or other property
(m − 1)(m − 9) = 4(4 − m) over a number of years.
m2 − 9m − m + 9 = 16 − 4m answer: Depreciation
m2 − 10m + 9 + 4m − 16 = 0
m2 − 6m + 7 = 0 970. In probability theory, _____ is a set of
(m + 1)(m − 7) = 0 outcomes of an experiment (a subset of the
m = -1 or m = 7 sample space) to which a probability is
assigned.
The values of m such that the points A(2,0), answer: event
B(6, m-1), and C(-3 + m, 3) lie on a straight
line are -1 and 7. 4 5 −4 13
971. The lines y = 3 x − 3 and y = 3 x − 3
963. A mathematical construct that models a
contains the diameters of the same circle.
real-world process (or experiment)
The point (-5,0) lies on this circle. Which of
consisting of states that occur randomly.
the following is the equation of the circle?
answer: probability space
Solution:
964. In the matrix shown,
−20 11 90
�−46 32 21 �
12 70 −43
identify the position of element 21.
a. Third row and second column.
b. Second row and third column. (answer)
c. a or b
d. First row and first column.

965. In probability theory, the _____ of an

experiment or random trial is the set of all
possible outcomes or results of that
experiment.
answer: sample space

966. A baseball and a bat together cost $110

4 5 −4 13
and the bat cost $100 more than the ball, Since the lines y = 3 x − 3 and y = 3
x− 3
how much does the ball cost?
Solution:
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 87
contains the diameters of the same circle, P = 31 + a + 4 + 15 + b + 10 + c + 24
they intersect at the center of the circle. To P = 31 + 9 + 4 + 15 + 35 + 10 + 10 + 24
get the point of intersection, we equate P = 138 units
y = y.
4 5 −4 13 974. A _____ of a circle is a region of a
3
x−3= 3 x− 3
circle bounded by a central angle and its
4x – 5 = -4x – 13
intercepted arc.
8x = 8
answer: sector
x = -1
975. If the length of a rectangle is increased
It follows that
4 5 −4 5 −9 by 20% and the width is decreased by 20 %,
y = 3 x − 3 = 3 − 3 = 3 = −3 what percent change occurs in the area?
a. It remains the same
center of circle (-1,-3) b. It decreases 4 % (answer)
c. It increases 5%
To find the radius of the circle, we compute d. It decreases 2%
the distance between (-1,-3) and (-5,0) using
the distance formula. Solution:
r = �(−1 + 5)2 + (−3 − 0)2 = 5 original area = LW
new area = (1.2L)(0.8W) = 0.96LW
It follows that
r2 = 25 change in area = LW – 0.96LW = 0.04LW
So the equation of the circle is or
(x + 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 25 change in area = 1 – 0.96 = 0.04
x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 + 6y + 9 = 25 The area decrease by 0.04(100%) = 4%
x2 + y2 + 2x + 6y – 15 = 0
976. It contains values of the independent
972. In polar coordinate system, the distance variable of a function.
from a point to the pole is known as: answer: domain
answer: radius vector
977. The _____ of any property is the sum
973. Find the area and perimeter of the of the first cost and the present worth of all
rectilinear figure shown. All corners are costs of replacement, operation and
right angles. maintenance for a long time or forever.
answer: capitalized cost

978. A master plumber covers a journey of

952,000 km in 7 days and 3 hours. Find his
average speed in km/s.
Solution:
Convert 7 days and 3 hours to seconds.
Convert first 7 days to hours.
24 hours
7 days × 1 day = 168 hours

Solution: t = 168 hours + 3 hours = 171 hours

3600 hours
t = 171 hours × 1 hour = 604800 s

d 952000 km km km
V= t = 604800 s
= 1.574 s
≈ 1.55 s

979. Marvin is setting up a display of his

nine favourite movies of all time. If he
places the movies side-by-side on a shelf, in
how many different ways can he arrange
them?
Solution:
Marvin has 9 movies from which to choose
a = 24 – 15 = 9
for the first position. After choosing a movie
b = 31 + 4 = 35
for the first position, there are 8 movies left
from which to choose for the second
A = 24(b) – a(4) – 10(10)
position. There are now 7 choices for the
A = 24(35) – 9(4) – 10(10) = 704 units2

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 88
third position. This process continues until 988. i. loga (MN) = _______________
there is only one choice left for the last M
position. So the number of arrangements is ii. loga � � = _______________
N
9∙8∙7∙6∙5∙4∙3∙2∙1 = 362,880 iii. loga Mr = _______________
or 9! = 362,880 iv. er ln a = _______________
980. An index of short term paying ability is
Answers:
called
answer: Current ratio i. loga (MN) = loga M + loga N
M
ii. loga � � = loga M – loga N
N
981. A function f consists of a set of inputs,
a set of outputs, and a rule for assigning iii. loga Mr = r loga M
each input to exactly one output. The set of iv. er ln a = ar
inputs is called the _____ of the function.
The set of outputs is called the _____ of the 989. Solve the equation
4(14−1)
function. a= +7
3(6)−5
answer: domain; range Solution:
4(14−1) 4(13) 52
982. Reciprocal Identities. a= + 7 = 18−5 + 7 = 13 + 7 = 11
3(6)−5
1
i. csc θ = sin θ
1 990. The worth of the property equals to the
ii. sec θ = cos θ original cost less depreciation.
1
iii. cot θ = tan θ answer: Book value
1
iv. sin θ = csc θ
991. Given the equation of the parabola:
1
v. cos θ = sec θ x2 = -12y
1 Find the vertex, focus, axis of symmetry,
vi. tan θ = cot θ
points defining the latus rectum, latus
rectum and area between the curve and the
983. Estimated value at the end of the useful latus rectum.
life. Solution:
answer: Salvage value

984. Find the slope of the line that passes

through (1, -2) and (-3, -4).
Solution:
rise ∆y y −y −4+2 −2 1
m = run = ∆x = x2−x1 = −3−1 = −4 = 2
2 1

985. The curve represented by the equation

r = 6 is The equation x2 = -12y is of the standard
a. a hyperbola form x2 = -4ay with vertex V(0,0) and latus
b. a parabola rectum 4a. It has an x2 so it has 2 values of
c. an ellipse x. Therefore, it opens either upward or
d. a circle downward. Because of the negative sign (-
4ay), it opens downward.
986. It contains values of the dependent
variable of a function. i. vertex: V(0,0)
answer: range
ii. The focus can be obtained from the latus
987. A plumbing engineer deposited ₱1,000 rectum. The latus rectum is LR = 4a = 12.
in the bank at 6% interest compounded So a = 3. From V(0,0), we go down by 3. So
annually when he started plumbing at the the focus is F(0,-3).
age of 21. How much will he get from the
bank when he retires at the age of 65? iii. The axis of symmetry is the y-axis.
Solution:
P = ₱1000 iv. The points defining the latus rectum are
i = 6% the points of intersection of the parabola and
n = 65 – 21 = 44 the line (y = -3) containing the latus rectum.
So, we substitute
F = (1 + i)n = (1 + 0.06)44 = ₱12985.48 x2 = -12y
x2 = -12(-3) = 36
x=±6

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 89
The points defining the latus rectum are: c. to the negative of the other
(-6,-3) and (6,-3) d. to the reciprocal of the other

v. latus rectum = 4a = 12 998. Given are the vertices and foci of an

ellipse. What is the equation, area and
vi. area between the curve and the latus perimeter of this ellipse?
rectum vertices: (0,5) and (0,-5)
The area of a parabola is given by the foci: (0,3) and (0,-3)
2
equation: A = 3 bh where b = base and h = Solution:
height
2 2 2
A = 3 bh = 3 (4a)(a) = 3 (12)(3) = 24

992. A solid cube of aluminum is 2 cm on

each edge. The density of aluminum is 2700
kg/m3. Find the mass of the cube.
Solution:
mass
ρ = volume
mass
2700 kg/m3 = 0.023m3
mass = 0.0216 kg

993. A refrigerators cost ₱15,000 when it is

new. It depreciates at the rate of 10% per
year. What would it worth after 10 years?
Solution:
P = ₱15000 Draw first a sketch identifying the vertices
i = -10% (negative since it depreciates) and foci. After drawing a sketch, we can see
n = 10 that the ellipse is vertical and centered at the
origin. The distance from the vertex to the
F = P(1 + i)n = 15000[1 + (-0.1)]10 center is “a”. The distance from the focus to
= ₱5230.177 the center is “c”. The distance from the co-
vertex to the center is “b”. The standard
994. Solve. ln √5x − 4 = 3 equations of an ellipse with center at C(0,0)
Solution: are
ln √5x − 4 = 3 can be written as x2 y2 x2 y2
+ b2 = 1 and b2 + a2 = 1
a2
lne √5x − 4 = 3
where: a > b (a is always greater than b)
Convert to exponential form.
e3 = √5x − 4 Since our “a” is vertical, “a” must be on y2.
Square both sides to remove the square root So we use the second equation. From the
sign. figure, we can see that a = 5 and c = 3. So
2
(e3 )2 = �√5x − 4� a2 = 52 = 25 and c2 = 32 = 9. By Pythagorean
e6 = 5x – 4 Theorem,
e6 + 4 = 5x b2 = a2 – c2 = 25 – 9 = 16
e6 + 4
x= ≈ 81.5
5 i. The equation of the ellipse is
x2 y2
+ a2 = 1
995. Money paid for the use of borrowed b2
x2 y2
capital. + 25 = 1
16
answer: Interest
ii. The area of the ellipse is
996. Any number that can be written in the
a A = πab = π(5)(4) = 20π = 62.83
form b, where a and b are integers and b ≠ 0.
answer: rational number iii. There are 2 approximations for the
perimeter of an ellipse.
997. When two lines are perpendicular, the First,
slope of one is equal: a2 +b2 25+16
a. to the negative reciprocal of the other P = 2π� = 2π� = 28.45
2 2
(answer)
b. the slope of the other Second,

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 90
P = π �3(a + b) − �(3a + b)(a + 3b)� Find the distance AB.
AB = 3 + 3 = 6 (add the x-coordinates
= π �3(5 + 4) − �[3(5) + 4][5 + 3(4)]� neglecting the negative sign or direct
= π�3(9) − �(19)(17)� = 28.36 counting)

The perimeter is approximately any of the Find the distance DC.

above result. DC = 6 + 7 = 13 (add the x-coordinates
neglecting the negative sign or direct
Note: The first approximation is easier to counting)
memorize.
Find the height.
999. A number is divided by 4, and then the h = 5 – 1 = 4 (difference of the y-
quotient is added to 17. The result is 25. coordinates or direct counting)
Find the number. h
Solution: A = 2 (a + b)
Let x be the number. where: h = height of the trapezoid
x
4
+ 17 = 25 a and b = bases of the trapezoid
x
4
=8 4
x = 4(8) = 32 A = 2 (6 + 13) = 38 square units

1000. Liquid assets such as cash and other Solution 2. Use the Shoelace Formula
assets that can be converted quickly into The area of a polygon, given the coordinates
cash, such as accounts receivable and of its vertices, is given by the formula
merchandise are called current assets.
1 x1 x2 x3 … xn x1
A = 2 �y y2 y3 … yn y1 �
1001. Find the volume of a sphere with 1

radius of 24 meters.
1 −3 3 7 −6 −3
Solution: A = 2� �
4 4 5 5 1 1 5
V = 3 πr 3 = 3 π(24)3 = 57905.84 m3 Multiply diagonally downward then get the
conversion: 1 cubic meter = 1000 liters sum of the products. Then multiply
1000 liters diagonally upward then get the sum of the
V = 57905.84 m3 × 1 m3
products. Sum of products diagonally
= 57905840 liters downward minus sum of products
diagonally upward equals the determinant.
1002. Evaluate the expression
2x – z + (y ÷ 4) if x = 5, y = 16, and z = 8. 1
A = 2{[-3(5) + 3(1) + 7(1) + (-6)(5)]
Solution:
2x – z + (y ÷ 4) = 2(5) – 8 + (16 ÷ 4) - [5(3) + 5(7) + 1(-6) + 1(-3)]}
1
= 10 – 8 + 4 = 2 + 4 = 6 A = 2[-15 + 3 + 7 – 30 – (15 + 35 – 6 - 3)]
1
A = 2(-35 – 41) = -38 square units
1003. How much work is required to lift a
50 pound weight 100 ft vertically from
ground level? The direction of the coordinates (x1, x2, ..
Solution: etc) must be counter-clockwise to attain a
W = Fd; where: W = work positive value. If you mistakenly use the
F = constant force clockwise direction, just get the absolute
d = straight line displacement value.
W = (50 lbs)(100 ft) = 5000 ft-lb
A = 38 square units
1004. Find the area of a trapezoid with
vertices at A(-3,5), B(3,5), C(7,1) and 1005. The length of time which the property
D(-6,1). Solution 1. may be operated at a profit.
Draw a sketch of the trapezoid. answer: economic life

1006. The axis of a hyperbola which is

parallel to its directrices is known as:
answer: conjugate axis

1007. An equation of the line of the form

y = mx + b is in _____.
answer: slope-intercept form

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 91
1008. The axis of a hyperbola through its A = 180 – 70 = 110°
foci is known as:
answer: transverse axis By the law of cosines,
y2 = 202 + 402 – 2(20)(40)(cos 110)
1009. Find the partial fraction y = 50.47 m
x
decomposition of x2 −5x+6.
Solution: 1012. Any method of repaying a debt, the
x principal and interest included, usually by a
x2 −5x+6 series of equal payments at equal interval of
Factor first the denominator. time.
x2 – 5x + 6 = (x - 2)(x - 3) answer: amortization
Decompose the rational expression.
x A B
x2 −5x+6
= x−2 + x−3 1013. The radius of a circle whose area is
We need to find A and B. equal to that of a rectangle whose side are
Multiply both sides of the equation by 20 meters and 30 meters respectively is
x2 – 5x + 6 to remove denominators. _____.
x A B Solution:
�x2−5x+6 = x−2 + x−3� (x 2 − 5x + 6)
AC = AR
πr2 = LW
x = A(x - 3) + B(x - 2) πr2 = (20)(30)
r = 13.82 m
set x = 3
x = A(x - 3) + B(x - 2) 1014. Find the center, vertices, foci and
3 = A(0) + B(1) equations of the asymptotes of the hyperbola
B=3 9y2 – 4x2 – 18y + 24x – 63 = 0.
Solution:
set x = 2
x = A(x - 3) + B(x - 2)
2 = A(-1) + B(0)
2 = -A
A = -2

The partial fraction decomposition is

x −2 3
2
x −5x+6
= x−2
+ x−3

1010. The provision in the contract that

indicates the possible adjustment of material
cost and labor cost.
answer: escalatory clause

1011. Two sides of a parallelogram are

20 m and 40 m. If the included angle is 70°, Put the equation into standard form.
find the lengths of the two diagonals. 9y2 – 4x2 – 18 y + 24x – 63 = 0

Solution: Arrange the terms.

9y2 – 4x2 – 18y + 24x – 63 = 0
9y2 – 18y – 4x2 + 24x = 63

Factor out the common factor of the y-terms

and the x-terms.
9(y2 – 2y) – 4(x2 - 6x) = 63

let x = shorter diagonal Complete the squares of the y-terms and the
y = longer diagonal x-terms.
A = angle opposite the longer diagonal 9(y2 – 2y) – 4(x2 - 6x) = 63
9(y2–2y+1) – 4(x2-6x+9) = 63+9(1)-4(9)
By the law of cosines, 9(y - 1)2 – 4(x - 3)2 = 36
x2 = 202 + 402 – 2(20)(40)(cos 70)
x = 38.12 m Dividing both sides by 36, gives
9(y−1)2 4(x−3)2 36
− = 36
36 36
The sum of two adjacent angles of a (y−1)2 (x−3)2
parallelogram is 180°. So − =1
4 9

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 92
2
Note: In hyperbola, a is associated with the equation. If the equation is true then the
positive y2 or positive x2. value is a solution.
a a–2<6 True or False?
Our equation is now of the form, 6 6–2<6→4<6 True
(y−k)2 (x−h)2
− =1 7 7–2<6→5<6 True
a2 b2
8 8–2<6→6≮6 False
Since y2 is positive, the hyperbola opens 9 9–2<6→7≮6 False
upward and downward. 10 10 – 2 < 6 → 8 ≮ 6 False
11 11 – 2 < 6 → 9 ≮ 6 False
i. The center of the hyperbola is
C(h,k) = C(3,1) The solution set is {6, 7}.

ii. Our a2 = 4, so a = 2 and b2 = 9, so b = 3. 1017. The decrease in the value of physical

The distance from the center to the vertices property with the passage of time.
of a hyperbola is “a”. We know that a = 2. answer: depreciation
So from the center we move upwards by 2
units and downwards by 2 units to get the 1018. Find the height of a cylinder tank
vertices. So the vertices are which is filled with water weighing 200,000
V: (3,3) and (3,-1) kg and its diameter of the base is 4m.
(specific gravity of water = 1)
iii. In a hyperbola, c2 = a2 + b2, so Solution:
mass
c2 = 4 + 9 = 13. It follows that, c = √13. density = volume
The distance from the center to the foci of a kg 200000 kg
1000 m3 = π(2)2 h
hyperbola is “c”. We know that c = √13. So
h = 15.92 m
from the center we move upwards by
c = √13 and downwards by c = √13. So the 1019. Find the area of a polygon with
foci are consecutive coordinates of vertices:
F: (3,1+√13) and (3,1-√13) (-1,-4), (4,-4), (6,6) and (1,6)
iv. The equations of the asymptotes of a Solution:
hyperbola is given by the equation The area of a polygon, given the coordinates
y – k = ±m(x - h) of its vertices, is given by the formula
where m = slope
For vertical transverse axis (positive y2): 1 x1 x2 x3 … xn x1
rise a A = 2 �y y2 y3 … yn y1 �
m = run = b 1

For horizontal transverse axis (positive x2): 1 −1 4 6 1 −1

rise
m = run = a
b A = 2� �
−4 −4 6 6 −4

In this problem, Multiply diagonally downward then get the

rise a 2 sum of the products. Then multiply
m = run = b = 3 diagonally upward then get the sum of the
products. Sum of products diagonally
The equations of the asymptotes is downward minus sum of products
2
y – 1 = ±3 (x - 3). diagonally upward equals the determinant.
1
2 2
y – 1 = 3 (x - 3) and y – 1 = -3 (x - 3) A = 2[-1(-4) + 4(6) + 6(6) + 1(-4)]
1
- 2[-4(4) + -4(6) + 6(1) + 6(-1)]
1015. The present worth of all depreciation
over the economic life of the item is called 1
A = 2[(4 + 24 + 36 - 4) – (-16 – 24 + 6 – 6)]
_____. 1
answer: depreciation recovery A = 2(60 + 40)
A = 50 square units
1016. Find the solution set for the inequality
a – 2 < 6 using the replacement {6, 7, 8, 9, Note: 1. This is also known as the Shoelace
10, 11}. Formula or Gauss's area formula.
Solution: 2. The direction of the coordinates (x1,
To find the solution set from the x2, .. etc) must be counter-clockwise to
replacement set, plug in each value from the attain a positive value. If you mistakenly use
replacement set and evaluate both sides of the clockwise direction, just get the absolute
value.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 93
1020. Net sales minus cost of goods sold, as V(h,k) = V(6,2)
a percentage of net sales is called _____.
a. profit margin ii. Since it opens to the left, the axis of
b. gross margin (answer) symmetry is a horizontal line. The axis of
c. net income symmery is
d. rate of return y=2

1021. Find the vertex, axis of symmetry, iii. length of latus rectum
equation of directrix, focus and latus rectum (y - 2)2 = -2(x - 6)
of the parabola y2 – 4y + 2x – 8 = 0 The length of latus rectum is 4a, so
4a = 2
Solution:
iv. equation of directrix
The directrix is at a distance “a” from the
vertex outside of the parabola. The directrix
is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry.
The value of “a” is
4a = 2
a = 2/4
a=½
a = 0.5

So the equation of the directrix is

x = 6 + 0.5
x = 6.5

v. focus
The focus is a point in the axis of symmetry
First examine the equation, it has y2 but no inside the parabola with a distance of “a”
x2 so it is a parabola. Since it has y2, it has from the vertex. We know that a = 0.5, so
two values of y. So it opens either to the Focus(x,y) = F(6 – 0.5, 2)
right or to the left. It can be any of the Focus(x,y) = F(5.5, 2)
following standard equations:
(y - k)2 = 4a(x - h) → opens to the right 1022. Find the absolute value of |-70|.
(y - k)2 = -4a(x - h) → opens to the left a. - 70
where: 4a = length of latus rectum b. 70 (answer)
vertex: V(h,k) c. ± 70
1
d. 70
We complete the square.
y2 – 4y + 2x – 8 = 0 1023. The _______________ of an object is
Arrange the terms. Put all terms with y on the point at which the entire weight of the
the left side of the equation and with x and object may be considered concentrated
the constant on the right side of the answer: center of gravity
equation.
y2 – 4y = -2x + 8 1024. A movie theater sells tickets for $8
Now we complete the square. Divide the each, with seniors receiving a discount of
coefficient of y by 2. Then square it. Then $2. One evening the theater took in $3580 in
add the result to both sides of the equation. revenue and sold a total of 525 tickets. How
−4 2 −4 2
y2 – 4y + � 2 � = -2x + 8 + � 2 � many tickets with discounted price were
y2 – 4y + (−2)2= -2x + 8 + (−2)2 sold?
y2 – 4y + 4 = -2x + 8 + 4 Solution:
$8 = cost of ticket for non-senior
Then it becomes $8 - $2 = $6 = cost of ticket for senior
(y - 2)2 = -2x + 12 x = number of tickets that cost $8
y = number of tickets that cost $6
Then put in the standard form
(y - 2)2 = -2(x - 6) 8x + 6y = 3580 (eq. 1)
It is of the form (y - k)2 = -4a(x - h). So it x + y = 525 (eq. 2)
opens to the left.
By substitution method:
i. The vertex is at point

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 94
We are looking for the value of variable y. c. working capital (answer)
In equation 2, solve for x in terms of y then d. subscribed capital
substitute into equation 1.
x + y = 525 1031. When you roll a die, there are six
x = 525 – y possible outcomes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. This
list of all possible outcomes is called the
Substitute the above equation into equation _____.
1 and simplify. a. number of possible outcomes
8x + 6y = 3580 b. number of favourable outcomes
8(525 – y) + 6y = 3580 c. sample space (answer)
4200 – 8y + 6y = 3580 d. event
-2y = -620
y = 310 1032. log √2 √5 =_____
Solution:
1025. Worth of the property as shown in the Use the Change-of-Base-Formula:
accounting records of an enterprise. logb X
answer: book value loga x =
logb a
1
log10 √5 log √5 log 52
1026. Which of the following is equivalent log √2 √5 = = = 1
log10 √2 log √2
to? log 22
loga x + loga 9 + loga (x2 + 1) – loga 5 1
log 5 log 5
a. log a (9x 3 + 9x) + log a 5 = 2
1 = ≈ 2.3219
log 2 log 2
9x�x2 +1� 2
b. log a � loga 5
�
𝟗𝟗𝐱𝐱 𝟑𝟑 +𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 1033. A swimming pool is 5 m wide, 20 m
c. 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝐚𝐚 � 𝟓𝟓 � (answer)
long and 1.20m deep, is being filled up with
d. log a [9x(x 2 + 1)] + log a 5 a pipe at the rate of 85 gallons per minutes.
How long does it take to fill the pool?
Solution: Solution:
loga x + loga 9 + loga (x2 + 1) – loga 5 V = (5)(1.2)(20) = 120 m3
= loga 9x + loga (x2 + 1) – loga 5 Convert m3 to gallons. 1 m3 = 264 gallons
= loga [(9x)(x2 + 1)] – loga 5
(9x)(x2 + 1) 264 gal
= log a � � 120 m3 × 1 m3
= 31680 gals
5 85 gal
9x3 +9x The rate of the pipe is min , so the pool can
= log a � �
5 be filled in
1 min
1027. Nine is subtracted from a number, and 31680 gal × 85 gal = 372.71 mins
then the difference is multiplied by 5. The or 6.2 hours
result is 75. What is the number?
Solution: 1034. Find the vertex, axis of symmetry, and
Let w be the number. x and y-intercepts of the parabola
(w – 9)(5) = 75 y = -x2 + 2x + 3.
Dividing both sides by 5, we get Solution:
w – 9 = 15
Adding 9 to both sides of the equation to
isolate the variable w, we get
w = 24

1028. Ratio of the number of favorable

outcomes for the event to the total number
of possible outcomes of the event.
answer: probability of the event

1029. Evaluate: 15 - |x + 4| if x = 8.
Solution:
15 - |x + 4| = 15 - |8 + 4| = 15 - |12|
= 15 – 12 = 3

1030. Those funds that are required to make

the enterprise or project a going concern. i. The vertex is found by writing the
a. initial investment equation in standard form. The equation
b. current accounts
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 95
2 2
y = -x + 2x + 3 has an x so it has two A regular pentagon has 5 equal sides. So one
values of x. Therefore, it opens either 250
side is 5 = 50 cm. In the figure above, the
upward or downward. Write the equation in 360
standard form by completing the square. angle opposite of side 50 cm is 5
= 72°.
y = -x2 + 2x + 3
x2 – 2x = -y + 3 By the law of cosines,
x2 – 2x + 1 = -y + 3 + 1 502 = x2 + x2 – 2(x)(x)(cos 72)
(x - 1)2 = -y + 4 2500 = 2x2 – 2x2cos 72
(x - 1)2 = -(y – 4) 2500 = 1.382x2
It is of the form (x - h)2 = -4a(y - k), where x2 = 1808.97
4a = latus rectum and V(h,k) = vertex. It
opens downward because of the negative In solving for the area of the triangle, we can
1
sign of 4a. use the formula A = 2 abSinC. So the area of
the isosceles triangle is
The vertex is at point: V(1,4) 1 1
A = 2 (x)(x)Sin72 = 2 x 2 Sin72
1
ii. The axis of symmetry is the line: x = 1 = 2 (1808.97)Sin72 = 860.22 cm squared
A regular pentagon is composed of 5
iii. The x-intercept can be found by setting y congruent isosceles triangles, so the the area
= 0 and solving for x. of the pentagon is
Set y = 0 A[pentagon] = 5(860.22) = 4301 cm squared
y = -x2 + 2x + 3
0 = -x2 + 2x + 3 1037. Write an equation of the line whose
x2 - 2x - 3 = 0 slope is 3 and whose y-intercept is 5.
Factor. a. 3x – y = 5
(x - 3)(x + 1) = 0 b. y = 3x + 5 (solution)
x–3=0 c. 3x – y – 5 = 0
x=3 d. y = 5x - 3
x+1=0 1038. A polygon is _____ if no side, when
x = -1 extended, will pass through the interior of
x-intercepts: (3,0) and (-1,0) the polygon.
answer: convex
iv. The y-intercept can be found by setting
x = 0 and solving for y. 1039. What is the next term in the math
Set x = 0 logic question below?
y = -x2 + 2x + 3 1, 6, 12, 19, 27, ____
y=0+0+3 Solution:
y=3 1
1+5=6
y-intercept: (0,3) 6 + 6 = 12
12 + 7 = 19
1035. A market situation where there is one 19 + 8 = 27
seller with many buyer. 27 + 9 = 36
answer: monopoly
1040. A market situation where there is one
1036. A regular pentagon has a perimeter of seller and one buyer.
250 cm. Find the area. answer: bilateral monopoly
Solution:
1041. Find the area and perimeter of the
parallelogram shown below.

Solution:
A = ab sinθ = 20(40)(sin 70) = 751.75 m2

P = sum of the lengths of the sides

P = 20 + 40 + 20 + 40 = 120 m
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 96
1042. Find the sum: -12 + (-8) 1051. A market situation where there are
Solution: two sellers and many buyers.
negative + negative = negative answer: duopoly
-12 + (-8) = -20
1052. A market situation where there are
1043. Which of the following is the standard few sellers and many buyers.
form of a linear equation? answer: oligopoly
a. y = mx + b
b. y – y1 = m(x – x1) 1053. A market situation where there are
c. x2 + y2 = 100 many sellers and few buyers.
d. Ax + By = C (answer) answer: oligopsony

1044. Find the sum: 13.4 + (-11.1) 1054. A market situation where there are
Solution: many sellers and many buyers.
13.4 + (-11.1) = 13.4 + -11.1 = 13.4 -11.1 answers: perfect competition
= 2.3
1055. In 1989, each person in the United
1045. A market situation where there are States consumed an average of 133 pounds
few sellers and few buyers. of natural sweeteners. The amount of natural
answer: bilateral oligopoly sweeteners consumed has increased by an
average of 2.6 pounds per year. Write a
1046. In a commercial sense, is the present linear equation to find the average
worth of all future profits that are to be consumption of natural sweeteners in any
received through ownership of a particular year after 1989.
property. Solution:
answer: value Let C = average consumption and
n = number of years after 1989
1047. Find the probability of rolling an even
number on a die. C = 2.6n + 133
Solution: where: 2.6 = rate of change
There are 6 possible outcomes. {1,2,3,4,5,6} 133 = amount at the start
Three of the outcomes are even. {2,4,6}
1056. A bar of steel 80 cm long is pivoted
no. of favorable outcomes horizontally at its left end. Find the torque
P = total number of possible outcomes
3 1
(τ) about axis-A (which is perpendicular to
Peven = 6 = 2 the page) due to each of the forces shown
acting at its right end.
1048. Marvin bought a dark chocolate in the
shape of a hemisphere with radius of 100
mm. Find the volume in cubic inches.
Solution:
A hemisphere is half of a sphere. So the
volume of a hemisphere is half the volume
of a sphere. Convert first 100 mm to inches.
conversion: 1 inch = 25.4 mm
Solution:
1 inch
radius = 100 mm × 25.4 mm = 3.937 inches τ = rF sinθ
1 4 4
where: r is the radial distance from the
V = 2 �3 πr 3 � = 6 π(3.937)3 axis of rotation to the point of application of
= 127.81 cu. in. the force, and θ is the acute angle between
the lines-of-action of r and F.
1049. The amount which a willing buyer
will pay to a willing seller for the property Taking clockwise torques to be negative
where each has equal advantage and is under while counterclockwise torques are positive,
no compulsion to buy or sell. the individual torques due to the three forces
answer: market value of a property are
i. τ10 = -0.8 m(10 N)(sin 90) = -8 N.m
1050. A market situation where there are
many sellers and only two buyers. ii. τ20 = ±0.8 m (20 N)(sin 0) = 0
answer: duopsony
iii. τ25 = 0.8 m (25 N)(sin 25) = 8.45 N.m

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 97
1057. Mercury boils at 675°F. What is the By Pythagorean Theorem,
boiling point of Mercury in °C? x2 + x2 = 102
Solution: 2x2 = 100
5 5 x2 = 50 cm2
°C = 9 (℉ − 32) = 9 (675 − 32) = 357.22

10 1064. A box contains 5 red chips, 7 blue

1058. Solve. log 8 16 + log 2 x = 3 chips, 6 yellow chips, and 10 green chips.
Solution: One chip is randomly drawn. Find
10
log 8 16 + log 2 x = 3 probability that it is blue.
Let’s solve first the first term. Solution:
total number of chips = 5+7+6+10=28
log 8 16 = y
number of blue chips = 7
8y = 16
23y = 24 no. of favorable outcomes
3y = 4 P = total number of possible outcomes
4 7 1
y=3 Pblue = 28 = 4
4 10
3
+ log 2 x = 3
10 4 6 1065. Scrap value of an asset is sometimes
log 2 x = 3 − 3 = 3 = 2
known as _____.
log 2 x = 2 answer: salvage value
22 = x
x=4 1066. Find the partial fraction
x+2
decomposition of x3 −2x2+x
1059. _______________ Calculate in
pounds per square inch the minimum water Solution:
x+2
pressure at the city water main that is x3 −2x2 +x
necessary to fill a house tank located on top Factor the denominator.
of a 6-story building, when the inlet to the x3 – 2x2 + x = x(x2 -2x + 1) = x(x -1)(x - 1)
water tank is located at an elevation of 110 = x(x - 1)2
feet above the city water main. The denominator has nonrepeated linear
Solution: factor x and repeated linear factor (x - 1)2.
2.31 feet of head = 1 psi
1 psi
110 ft = 110 ft × 2.31 ft = 47.6 psi If a polynomial has a repeated factor, say
(x - a)n, the partial fraction decomposition
1060. Discount. Defined as the future value contains a sum of n partial fractions of the
minus the present value. form
A1 A2 An
+ (x−a) 2 + ⋯ + (x−a)n
x−a
1061. e−3 is equal to _______________. Where the number A1, A2, …, An are to be
answer: 0.049787 (use a calculator) determined.
So,
1062. _______________ Find the value of x x+2 A B C
x3 −2x2 +x
= x + x−1 + (x−1)2
in (35)(96) = 32x.
Solution: Multiply both sides of the equation by
(35)(96) = 32x x3 – 2x2 + x to remove denominators.
x+2 A B C
(35)[32(6)] = 32x �x3−2x2+x = x + x−1 + (x−1)2�(x3 – 2x2 + x)
(35)(312) = 32x
x + 2 = A(x - 1)2 + B(x)(x - 1) + Cx
317 = 32x
17 = 2x
set x = 1
x = 8.5
x + 2 = A(x - 1)2 + B(x)(x - 1) + Cx
1 + 2 = A(1 - 1)2 + B(x)(1 - 1) + C(1)
1063. What is the area of the square
3 = C or
inscribed in the quadrant if the radius of the
C=3
circle is 10 cm?
Solution:
set x = 0
x + 2 = A(x - 1)2 + B(x)(x - 1) + Cx
0 + 2 = A(0 - 1)2 + B(0)(0 - 1) + C(0)
2 = A(1) + 0 + 0
A=2

Our problem is B, since A = 2 and C = 3, we

can set any value for x to solve for B.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 98
set x = 2
2 + 2 = 2(2 - 1)2 + B(2)(2 - 1) + 3(2)
4 = 2 + 2B + 6
4 = 8 + 2B
-4 = 2B
B = -2
The partial fraction decomposition is
x+2 2 −2 3
3 2
x −2x +x
= + + (x−1)2
x x−1

1067. _______________ What is the

number of horsepower required to raise
40,000 pounds 200 feet in 5 minutes?
Solution:
1 horsepower = 33000 ft-lbs / minute
work force × distance
power = time = time
40000 × 200 ft−lbs Solution:
power = 5
= 1600000 min

Convert to horsepower.
ft−lbs 1 hp
power = 1600000 min × ft−lbs
33000
min
power = 48.48 hp

1068. If cos 65° + cos 55° = cos Ɵ, find Ɵ in

radians
Solution:
cos 65 + cos 55 = 0.996194698
0.996194698 = cos Ɵ
cos-1 0.996194698 = cos-1 cos Ɵ
5° = Ɵ

Convert degrees to radians.

2π radians = 360° By Pythagorean theorem,
2π x2 = 172 - 152 = 64
5° × 360° = 0.087 x = √64 = 8

1069. The _______________ is what the By SOH – CAH – TOA,

property is worth to the owner as an y/2 y/2 y
tan 36 = = 8 = 16
operating unit. x
answer: utility or used value of a property y = 16(tan 36) = 11.625 m
1
1070. A type of annuity where the payments i. LA = 2 Pb L; where LA = lateral area
are made at the end of payment period Pb = perimeter of the base
starting from the first period. L = slant height
answer: ordinary annuity
1
LA = 2(5)(11.625)(17) = 494.0625 m2
1071. The percent of increase is 16%. If the
new number is 522, find the original
ii. SA = LA + Ab; where SA = surface area
number.
LA = lateral area
Solution:
Ab = area of the base
n + 0.16n = 522
From my diagram, the area of the
1.16n = 522
pentagonal base is
n= 450 1 1
Ab = 5�2 xy� = 5�2� (8)(11.625 ) = 232.5
1072. Find the lateral area, surface area and So
volume of the regular pentagonal pyramid SA = 494.0625 + 232.5 = 726.56 m2
shown.
1
iii. V = 3 Abh; where V = volume
Ab = area of the base
h = height

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 99
1 1081. Find the partial fraction
V= (232.5)(15) = 1162.5 m3
3 x3 +x2
decomposition of (x2 +4)2
.
1073. The value which is usually determined Solution:
by a disinterested third party in order to x3 +x2
establish a price that is fair to both seller and (x2 +4)2
buyer. The denominator contains a repeated
answer: fair value irreducible quadratic factor (x2 + 4)2.

1074. Find the difference: 12 – (-18) For each factor of the form (ax2 + bx + c)n
Solution: with n≥1 and ax2 + bx + c is irreducible, the
negative × negative = positive partial fraction decomposition contains a
12 – (-18) = 12 + 18 = 30 sum of n partial fractions of the form
A1 x+B1 A2 x+B2 An x+Bn
2
+ (ax 2 2
+ ⋯ + (ax 2 +bx+c)n
ax +bx+c +bx+c)
1075. Bond to which are attached coupons
indicating the interest due and the date when
So,
such interest is to be paid. x3 +x2 Ax+B Cx+D
answer: coupon bond (x2 +4)2
= + (x2+4)2
x2 +4
Multiply both sides of the equation to
1076. One _____ is the angle subtended at remove denominators.
the center of a circle by an arc equal in x3 +x2 Ax+B Cx+D
length to the radius of the circle. �(x2+4)2 = + (x2+4)2� (x 2 + 4)2
x2 +4
answer: radian (x3 + x2) = (Ax + B)(x2 + 4) + (Cx + D)

1077. The number of students at Franklin Expand and simplify.

High School increased from 840 to 910 over x3 + x2 = Ax3 + 4Ax + Bx2 + 4B + Cx + D
a 5-year period. Which proportion represents
the percent of change? Collect like terms.
𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝐫𝐫 x3 + x2 = Ax3 + Bx2 + 4Ax + Cx + 4B + D
a. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 (answer)
70 r x3 + x2 = Ax3 + Bx2 + (4A + C)x + (4B + D)
b. 910 = 100
70 r
c. 840 = 910 Equate the coefficients of like powers of x
910 r on each side of the equation.
d. 840 = 100 x3 = Ax3
1=A
1078. Find the difference: -15 + (-12)
Solution: x2 = Bx2
negative plus negative = negative 1=B
-15 + (-12) = -27
1079. The measures of the three sides of a 0 = (4A + C)x
triangle are consecutive even integers. The 0 = 4A + C
perimeter of the triangle is 54 centimeters. C = -4A = -4(1) = -4
What are the lengths of the sides of the
triangle? 0 = (4B + D)
Solution: 0 = 4B + D
x = length of first side D = -4B = -4(1) = -4
x + 2 = length of second side
x + 4 = length of third side Hence, the partial decomposition is
x3 +x2 x+1 −4x−4
(x2 +4)2
= x2+4 + (x2+4)2
54 = x + (x + 2) + (x + 4)
54 = x + x + 2 + x + 4
54 = 3x + 6 1082. A bag contains 5 red balls, 7 blue
48 = 3x balls, 6 yellow balls, and 10 green balls. One
x= 16 ball is randomly drawn. Find the probability
that it is red or yellow.
So the sides are: 16 cm, 18 cm, and 20 cm Solution:
total number of balls = 5 + 7 + 6 + 10 = 28
1080. “When free competition exists the number of yellow balls = 6
price of a product will be that value where number of red balls = 5
supply is equal to the demand.”
no. of favorable outcomes
answer: Law of supply and demand P = total number of possible outcomes
6
Pyellow = 28

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 100
5 b. all rectangles are similar
Pred = 28
6 5 11 c. all right triangles are similar
Pyellow or red = 28 + 28 = 28 = 0.39 = 39% d. all isosceles triangles are similar

Hint: “or” means to add 1088. What amount should be paid on

February 14, 1991 on a loan of ₱5,090 made
1083. The _____ on a surface of area is October 7, 1990 with 5 3/5% simple
defined as the force acting on the area interest?
divided by the area, where it is stipulated Solution:
that the force must be perpendicular F=?
(normal) to the area. 3
i = 5 5 % = 0.056
answer: average pressure
P = 5090
n = 130 days (the breakdown of days is
1084. Which of the following is a standard
shown below)
atmospheric pressure?
Oct. 7 – Oct. 31, 1990 = 24 days (excluding
a. 101325 Pa
Oct. 7)
b. 14.7 lbs/in2
Nov. 1990 = 30 days
c. 760 mm Hg
Dec. 1990 = 31 days
d. all of these (answer)
Jan. 1991 = 31 days
Feb. 1 – Feb. 14, 1991 = 14 days (including
1085. The ratio between net profit (over a
Feb. 14)
period) and cost of investment (resulting
from an investment of some resources at a 130
point in time). F = P(1 + in) = 5090 �1 + 0.056 �360��
answer: Return on Investment (ROI) F = ₱5192.93 ≈ ₱5190.56

1086. Square EFGH is inscribed in square 1089. A right circular cylinder has a volume
ABCD. The vertices of square EFGH of 5453 cubic centimeters. If the base
divides the sides of square ABCD in the diameter is 20 centimeters, what is its
ratio 1:3. Find the area of square EFGH. height?
Solution:
V = Abh
5453 = π(10)2h
h = 17.36 cm

1090. Capitalized cost of any property is

equal to the _____.
a. Annual cost
b. First cost + interest of the first cost
Solution: c. First cost + cost of perpetual
maintenance (answer)
d. First cost + salvage value

1091. Solve the system of equations.

3x − y = −2
� 2
2x − y = 0
Solution:
3x − y = −2 (eq. 1)
� 2
2x − y = 0 (eq. 2)
EB 1
EA
=3
The ratio is 1:3, so the total is 1 + 3 = 4. Solving for y in equation 1, we get
1 y = 3x + 2
EB = 4 × 12 = 3 cm
3
EA = 4 × 12 = 9 cm Solving for y in equation 2, we get
By Pythagorean Theorem, y = 2x2
x2 = 32 + 92 = 9 + 81 = 90 cm2
A = x2 = 90 cm2 Equating y = y, we get
3x + 2 = 2x2
1087. Which of the following statements is 2x2 – 3x – 2 = 0
correct? Use the quadratic formula to solve for x.
a. all equilateral triangles are similar −b±√b2 −4ac 3±�(−3)2 −4(2)(−2)
x= =
(answer) 2a 2(2)

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 101
3±√9+16 3±√25 3±5 partial fraction decomposition contains a
= = =
4 4 4 sum of n partial fractions of the form
3+5 8
x= 4 =4=2 A1 x+B1
+
A2 x+B2
+ ⋯ +
An x+Bn
2
ax +bx+c (ax 2 +bx+c)2 (ax 2 +bx+c)n
or
3−5 −2 −1 1
x = 4 = 4 = 2 = −2 So,

If x = 2 3x−5 A Bx+C
x3 −1
= x−1 + x2+x+1
y = 3x + 2
y = 3(2) + 2
Multiply both sides of the equation to
y=8
remove denominators
3x−5 A Bx+C
(x,y) = (2,8) �x3−1 = x−1 + x2+x=1� (x 3 − 1)
3x-5 = A(x2 + x + 1) + (Bx + C)(x - 1)
1
If x = − 2
y = 3x + 2 set x = 1
1 3 1 3x-5 = A(x2 + x + 1) + (Bx + C)(x - 1)
y = 3�− 2� + 2 = − 2 + 2 = 2 3-5 = A(1 + 1 + 1) + (B + C)(1 - 1)
-2 = 3A + 0
1 1 −2
(x,y) = �− 2 , 2� A= 3

The solution set is (x,y) = (2,8) and set x = 0

1 1 3x-5 = A(x2 + x + 1) + (Bx + C)(x - 1)
(x,y) = �− 2 , 2�
-5 = A(1) + [B(0) + C](0 - 1)
−2
1092. An arrangement or listing in which -5 = 3 + C(-1)
13
order or placement is important is called a C= 3
_______________.
answer: permutation Since we already know the value of A and
C, we can set any value for x then solve for
1093. On a boy’s seventh birthday, his B.
parents deposited ₱5,000 in his name in a
savings bank paying 1 3/8% every three set x = -1
months. Find the value of his savings when 3x-5 = A(x2 + x + 1) + (Bx + C)(x - 1)
he reaches age 21. 3(-1)-5 = A(1 - 1 + 1) + [B(-1) + C](-1 - 1)
Solution: −2 13
It is compounded quarterly. -8 = 3 + �−B + 3 � (−2)
2 26
n = (21 – 7) = 14(4) = 56 -8 + = 2B -
3 3 3
1 % 2
8
B=3
i = 4 = 0.0034375
100

P = 5090
So the partial fraction decomposition of
3x−5
F = P(1 + i)n x3 −1
is
F = 5000(1 + 0.0034375)56 = ₱6059.38 3x−5
−2 2
x+
13

x3 −1
= 3
+ 3 3
x−1 x2 +x+1
1094. Find the partial fraction
3x−5 1095. Which of the following depreciation
decomposition of x3−1.
methods cannot have a salvage value of
Solution: zero?
3x−5
x3 −1 a. Declining balance method (answer)
Factor the denominator. b. Sinking fund method
Use the identity: c. Straight line method
a3 – b3 = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2) d. SYD method

x3 – 1= x3 - 13 = (x - 1)(x2 + x + 1) 1096. These are problems in which two or

more parts are combined into a whole. They
Notice that it has a nonrepeated linear factor are solved using weighted averages.
x – 1 and a nonrepeated irreducible a. work problems
quadratic factor x2 + x + 1 b. mixture problems (answer)
c. age problems
For each factor of the form (ax2 + bx + c)n d. clock problems
with n≥1 and ax2 + bx + c is irreducible, the

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 102
1097. The equation of the directrix of a Simplify the above and convert to slope
parabola is x = -5 and the focus of this intercept form.
parabola is (9,2). Which of the following is y – 5 = 2x – 2
the equation of this parabola? y = 2x + 3 (slope-intercept form)
Solution:
The directrix is x = -5 (vertical line), and the 1100. The lessening of the value of an asset
focus is (9,2), 9 is greater than -5 so the due to the decrease in the quantity available
parabola opens to the right (because the preferring to the natural resources.
directrix is outside of the parabola). The a. Depreciation
vertex is the midpoint of the directrix and b. Depletion
the focus. The distance between the focus c. Inflation
and directrix is 2a. So d. Incremental cost
2a = 5 + 9 = 14
a=7 1101. _______________ is calculated using
the principal only, ignoring any interest
So we count 7 backward from 9 or count 7 accrued in preceding interest periods.
forward from -5 to get the x-coordinate of answer: Simple interest
the vertex. The x-coordinate of the vertex is
2. So the vertex is V(2,2). 1102. Find the solution set of the equation
7 17
We know that the parabola opens to the right x + 4 = 8 using the replacement set
and the standard equation for this is 1 3 5 7
(y - k)2 = 4a(x-h) at V(h,k). So the equation � , , , �
8 8 8 8
is Solution:
(y - 2)2 = 4(7)(x - 2) To find the solution set from the
(y - 2)2 = 28(x - 2) replacement set, plug in each value from the
replacement set and evaluate both sides of
1098. A point is chosen at random inside the the equation. If the equation is true then the
circle. What is the probability that the value is a solution.
chosen point lies in sector D?

7 17
x x+4= True or False?
8
1 1 7
+4=
17
→
15
≠
17 False
8 8 8 8
8
3 3 7
+4=
17
→
17
=
17 True
8 8 8 8
8
5 5 7
+4=
17
→
19
≠
17 False
8 8 8 8
8
7 7 7
+4=
17
→
21
≠
17 False
8 8 8 8
8
3
The solution set is �8�.
Solution:
80 80
Area[sector D] = 360 πr 2 = 360 π(15)2 1103. A bowl contains 5 red chips, 7 blue
80 chips, 6 yellow chips, and 10 green chips.
= 360 π(15)2 = 157.08 One chip is randomly drawn. Find the
probability that it is not green.
Area[circle] = πr 2 = π(15)2 = 706.86 Solution:
total number of chips = 28
Area[sector D] 157.08
Probability = Area[circle]
= 706.86 × 100% number of chips that are not green
= 5 + 7 + 6 = 18
= 22.22%
no. of favorable outcomes
1099. Write an equation of a line in slope P = total number of possible outcomes
intercept form that passes through (1, 5) 18 9
Pnot green = 28 = 14
with slope 2.
Solution:
From point slope form of an equation of the 1104. _______________ is the pressure read
line, by a measuring device that is set at zero
y – y1 = m(x – x1) when the system is open to the atmosphere.
y – 5 = 2(x - 1) answer: Gauge pressure

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 103
1105. An increase in the value of a capital x = 60 – y
asset is called _____.
a. Profit 470x + 40y = 11000
b. Capital gain (answer) 470(60 – y) + 40y = 11000
c. Capital expenditure 28200 – 470y + 40y = 11000
d. Capital stock y = 40
Substitute y = 40 on any of the given
1106. Which has a larger volume? equations. Substituting y = 40 on equation 1
i. sphere of radius “r” gives
ii. right circular cylinder of radius “r” and x + y = 60
height of “2r” x + 40 = 60
Solution: x = 20
4
V[sphere] = 3 πr 3
Substituting y = 40 on equation 2 gives
470x + 40y = 11000
V[right circular cylinder] = Abh = πr 2 (2r)
470x + 40(4-) = 11000
= 2πr 3
x = 20
4
Since 2 > 3 , the volume of the right circular Note that the result is the same (x = 20).
cylinder is greater.
So, Engr. Marvin Kalngan bought 20 G.I.
1107. Assorted dried fruit sells for $5.50 per pipes and 40 G.I. unions.
pound. How many pounds of mixed nuts
selling for $4.75 per pound should be mixed 1110. Lands, buildings, plant and machinery
with 10 pounds of dried fruit to obtain a trail are example of _____.
mix that sells for $4.95 per pound? a. Current assets
Solution: b. Trade investments
c. Fixed assets (answer)
d. Intangible assets

x(4.75) + 10(5.5) = (x + 10)(4.95) 1111. A fair die is rolled, Find the odds of
4.75x + 55 = 4.95x + 49.5 rolling a number less than 3.
x = 27.5 lbs Solution:
sample space: {1,2,3,4,5,6}
1108. The _____ of an event occurring is the numbers less than 3: {1,2}
ratio that compares the number of ways an numbers not less than 3: {3,4,5,6}
event can occur (successes) to the number of successes 2 1
odds = failures = 4 = 2
ways it cannot occur (failures).
answer: odds
1112. A cone with an axis that is also an
altitude is called a _____.
1109. Engineer Marvin Kalngan bought
a. right circular cylinder
some G.I. pipes and G.I. unions from a
b. oblique cone
hardware. He paid a total of ₱11000. The
c. right circular cone
total number of G.I. pipes and G.I. unions he
d. right pyramid
bought is 60 pieces. If one G.I. pipe costs
₱470 and one G.I. union costs ₱40, how
1113. If 3x – 2y = 20 and y = 5, then x = ?
many each did he buy?
Solution:
Solution:
3x – 2y = 20
x = number of G.I. pipes he bought
3x – 2(5) = 20
y = number of G.I. unions he bought
x = 10
x + y = 60 (eq. 1)
1114. Solve: -2 + 10r = 8r - 1
470x + 40y = 11000 (eq. 2)
Solution:
-2 + 10r = 8r – 1
We can solve the system of equations above
Add 2 to both sides to eliminate the -2 on
by substitution or elimination or
the left side of the equation.
combination of elimination and substitution.
-2 + 2 + 10r = 8r – 1 + 2
10r = 8r + 1
Solve for x in equation 1 then substitute on
Add -8r to both sides to eliminate 8r on the
equation 2.
right side of the equation.
10r – 8r = 8r – 8r + 1
x + y = 60
2r = 1
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 104
Dividing both sides by 2 gives
r = ½ = 0.5 Solution:
y −y −4+1 −3 1
m = x2 −x1 = 6+3 = 9 = − 3
1115. One gallon is equal to: 2 1

a. 2.31 cu.in
b. 0.0023 cu.m From point slope form of an equation of the
c. 3.79 liters line,
d. 37.85 millilitre y – y1 = m(x – x1)
1
y + 1 = − 3 (x + 3)
1116. A mathematical sentence that is 1
y + 1 = −3x – 1
always true or always false. 1
answer: closed sentence y = −3x – 2

1117. A card is selected at random from a or

standard deck of 52 cards. What are the odds
against selecting a 3? From point slope form of an equation of the
Solution: line,
There are four 3’s in a standard deck of y – y1 = m(x – x1)
1
cards. And there are 52 – 4 = 48 cards that y + 4 = − 3 (x - 6)
are not 3. The odds of selecting a 3 is 1
y + 4 = − 3x + 2
successes 1
odds = failures
y = − 3x - 2
4 1
odds of selecting a 3= 48 = 12
1120. If each edge of a cube is decreased by
50%, how much percentage will the volume
The odds against a 3 is
failures 48 12 be decreased?
odds against a 3 = successes = 4 = 1 Solution:
Let 1 be the edge length of the original cube,
1118. A truck starts from rest and moves then the edge length of the new cube is 0.5.
with constant acceleration of 5 m/s2. Find The volume of the original cube is
the velocity and distance travelled after 4 v = 13 = 1 cubic units
seconds has elapsed? The volume of the new cube is
Solution: V = (0.5)3 = 0.125 cubic units
v0 = 0 The % decreased in volume is
a = 5 m/s2 original volume−new volume
% dec. = original volume
× 100%
t = 4 seconds v −V
% decreased = v
× 100%
v = vo + at = 0 + 5(4) = 20 m/s 1 −0.125
% decreased = 1
× 100% = 87.5%
1 1
x = x0 + vot + 2at2 = 0 + 0 + 2 (5)(4)2 = 40 m 1121. Solve. ln x = ln (x + 6) – ln (x - 4)
Solution:
where: v = velocity of a particle at time t M
ln M – ln N = ln � N �
with constant acceleration
v0 = velocity of a particle at time ln x = ln (x + 6) – ln (x - 4)
x+6
t=0 ln x = ln �x − 4�
x = position at time t of a particle x+6
x = x−4
with constant acceleration
x0 = position of the particle at time x(x - 4) = x + 6
t=0 x2 – 4x = x + 6
a = constant acceleration x2 – 5x – 6 = 0
t = time (x - 6)(x + 1) = 0
x–6=0
1119. The table of ordered pairs shows the x=6
coordinates of the two points on the graph of x+1=0
a function. Which equation describes the x = -1
function?
1 x = 6 or x = -1
a. y = 3 x − 2 x y
b. y = 3x − 2 -3 -1 The natural logarithm function ln(x) is
1 6 -4
c. y = − x − 2
3
defined only for x > 0. So the natural
𝟏𝟏 logarithm of a negative number is
d. y = − 𝟑𝟑 𝐱𝐱 + 𝟐𝟐

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 105
undefined. where: 4a = length of latus rectum
ln(x) is undefined for x ≤ 0
answer: 4a = 16
The solution set is {6}.
1127. i. Direct costs are primarily human
1122. What property is used in the equation labor, machines, and materials associated
5x + 4 = 4 + 5x? with a product, process, system, or service.
a. associative property of multiplication
b. commutative property of multiplication ii. Indirect costs include support functions,
c. commutative property of addition utilities, management, legal, taxes, and the
(answer) like.
d. associative property of addition
1128. A plane is traveling eastward at an
1123. A marble dropped from a bridge airspeed of 500 km/hr but a 90 km/hr wind
strikes the water in 5 seconds. What is the is blowing southward. What is the speed of
height of the bridge? the plane relative to the ground?
Solution: Solution:
For free falling bodies,
1 1
y = h = 2at2 = 2(9.8)(5)2 = 122.5 m ≈ 123 m

where: a = g = gravitational acceleration

t = time
By Pythagorean Theorem,
1124. A chemistry experiment calls for a v = √5002 + 902 = 508.04 kph
30% solution of copper sulfate. Kendra has
40 milliliters of 25% solution. How many 1129. What property is used in the equation
milliliters of 60% solution should she add to 3 x 8 x 5b = 5b x 3 x 8?
obtain the required 30% solution? a. associative property of multiplication
Solution: b. commutative property of multiplication
(answer)
c. commutative property of addition
d. associative property of addition
0.25(40) + 0.6x = 0.3(40 + x)
10 + 0.6x = 12 + 0.3x 1130. Find the 25th term of the arithmetic
x = 6.67 mL progression 5, 8, 11, 14….
Solution:
1125. The hour hand of a huge clock is 100 The common difference is
cm long. What is the circumferential speed d = 8 – 5 = 11 – 8 = 14 – 11 = 3
of the tip of this hand in cm/hr? The nth term of an AP is given by
Solution: an = am + (n − m)d
Let the hour hand be the radius of the circle a25 = a1 + (25 − 1)d
(circle formed by the tip of the hour hand a25 = 5 + (24)(3) = 77
after rotating 360°). The radius is 100 cm, so
the circumference of the circle is Another solution: Use the second term
c = 2πr = 2π(100) = 200π an = am + (n − m)d
The tip of the hour hand travels a full circle a25 = a2 + (25 − 2)d
in 12 hours. So the circumferential speed in a25 = 8 + (23)(3) = 77
cm/hr is
(5n)2 +5
circumferential speed = 200π/12 1131. Find the solution set for (9∙32)−n < 28
= 52.36 cm/hr
if the replacement set is {5, 7, 9, 11, 13}.
Solution:
1126. What is the length of the latus rectum
To find the solution set from the
of the parabola x2 + 8x – 16y + 32 = 0?
replacement set, plug in each value from the
Solution:
replacement set and evaluate both sides of
Reduced the given equation to standard
the equation. If the equation is true then the
equation by completing the square.
value is a solution.
x2 + 8x – 16y + 32 = 0
x2 + 8x + 16 = 16y – 32 + 16 (5n)2 +5
(x + 4)2 = 16y – 16 The inequality (9∙32 )−n
< 28 can be
(x + 4)2 = 16(y – 1) simplified. The inequality can be written as
The above equation is of the form 25n2 +5
(x - h)2 = 4a(y – k) 81−n
< 28.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 106
Solution:
2
n 25n + 5 True Let x = 0.2272727…
< 28 or Then 100x = 22.7272727…
81 − n
False?
5 25(5)2 +5 True 100x - x = (22.7272727…) - (0.2272727…)
< 28 → 8.29 < 28
81−5 99x = 22.5
7 25(7)2 +5 True
< 28 → 16.62 < 990x = 225
81−7
28 110x = 25
9 25(9)2 +5 False x = 25/110
< 28 → 28.19 ≮ 0.2272727… = 25/110 = 5/22
81−9
28
11 25(11)2 +5 False 1138. The square of the positive integer y is
< 28 → 43.29 ≮
81−11 how much greater than the square of the
28 integer immediately preceding it.
13 25(13)2 +5 False
< 28 → 62.21 ≮ Solution:
81−13
28 The number before y is y – 1. The difference
of their squares is
The solution set is {5,7}. y2 – (y - 1)2 = y2 - (y2 – 2y + 1)
= y2 - y2 + 2y – 1 = 2y - 1
1132. _______________ When the pressure
on any part of a confined fluid (liquid or 1139. What property is used in the equation
gas) is changed, the pressure on every other 20 × 0 = 0?
part of the fluid is also changed by the same answer: multiplicative property of zero
amount.
answer: Pascal’s Principle 1140. In triangle ABC, angle A = 45° and
angle C=70°. Find the side opposite angle A
1133. The specific gravity of cast iron is 7.2. if line AB=40m.
Find its weight density. Density of water is Solution:
62.4 lbs/ft3.
Solution:
density = (s.g. of cast iron)(density of water)
density = 7.2(62.4) = 449.28 lbs/ft3

1134. What property is used in the equation

20 × 1 = 20?
a. additive identity
b. multiplicative property of zero
c. multiplicative inverse
d. multiplicative identity (answer) By Law of Sines,
a 40
sin 45
= sin 70
1135. A gasoline tank that is ½ full has 8 a = 31.10 m
gallons removed. The tank is then 1/10 full.
What is the capacity of the tank? 1141. If the perimeter of a rectangle is 300
Solution: units and the area is 5000 square units, what
Let x be the capacity of the tank. are the dimensions of the rectangle?
1 1
2
x − 8 = 10 x Solution 1:
x = 20 gallons P = 2L + 2W
300 = 2L + 2W
1136. The length of the hypotenuse of a 150 = L + W
right triangle is 25 and the length of one leg L = 150 – W
is 10. Find the length of the other leg.
Solution: A = LW
By Pythagorean Theorem, 5000 = LW
c2 = a2 + b2
252 = 102 + b2 However, L = 150 – W, substitute
625 = 100 + b2 5000 = (150 - W)(W)
525 = b2 5000 = 150W – W2
W2 – 150W + 5000 = 0
b = √525 = 22.91 units
By factoring,
1137. Change 0.2272727… to a common
(W - 50)(W – 100) = 0
fraction.
W – 50 = 0 or W – 100 = 0
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 107
W = 50 or W = 100 x = ± 2√2

It follows that 1146. Engr. Marvin Kalngan needs to hire

L = 100 or L = 50 three employees, one for the Project
Manager position, one for the Structural
The dimension of the rectangle is 50 x 100. Design Engineer position and one for the
Master Plumber position. There are six
Solution 2: Use the quadratic formula applications. How many possible ways are
instead of factoring. there for Engr. Marvin Kalngan to select the
applicants?
Solution 3: Use the guess and check Solution:
method or trial and error method. The arrangements are in a specific order, so
a. 50 x 100 each arrangement is unique.
A = LW = 50 x 100 = 5000 (true) ways to choose the first employee = 6
P = 2L + 2W = 2(100) + 2(50) = 300 (true) ways to choose the second employee = 5
Therefore, option a is the correct answer. ways to choose the third employee = 4

1142. _______________ Constructed in the By the fundamental counting principle, the

shape of a tree with branches that represent number of ways for the applicants to be
alternatives; each branch has a probability selected is
associated with it. Each final branch has an 6∙5∙4 = 120 ways
outcome with an estimated economic value.
The tree is solved using a staged evaluation 1147. What property is used in the equation
technique called the rollback process 20 + 0 = 20?
involving the outcome value and a. additive identity (answer)
probabilities at each branch. b. multiplicative property of zero
answer: decision tree c. multiplicative inverse
d. multiplicative identity
1143. How high would water rise in the
pipes of a building if the water pressure 1148. A crate of apples contain one bruised
gauge shown the pressure at the ground apple for every 30 apples in a crate, if 3 out
floor to be 270 kPa? of every 4 bruised apples are considered
Solution: unsaleable, and there are 12 unsaleable
P = γh apples in a crate, how many apples are there
270 = 9.81h in a crate?
h = 27.5 m Solution:
Given in the problem is:
1144. A weather forecast states that the 1 bruised 3 unsaleable
30 apples
; 4 bruised ; 12 unsaleable
probability of rain the next day is 40%.
What are the odds that it will rain?
Solution: The number of apples is
4 bruised
The probability that it will rain is 40%. So 12 unsaleable × 3 unsaleable = 16 bruised
the probability that it will not rain is 60%.
successes
odds = failures 30 apples
16 bruised × 1 bruised = 480 apples
40 2
odds that it will rain = 60 = 3 1149. The reciprocal of 20 is
Solution:
1145. Solve: x4 – 9x2 + 8 = 0 1/20 = 0.05
Solution:
Factor. 1150. What is the radius and the centre of
x4 – 9x2 + 8 = 0 the circle x2 + y2 - 10x - 4y – 196 = 0?
(x2 - 1)(x2 - 8) = 0 Solution:
x2 – 1 = 0 The standard equation of a circle with center
x2 = 1 at (h, k) and radius r is
x = ± √1 (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
x=±1 Convert the given equation of a circle to
standard form by completing the square.
x2 - 8 = 0 x2 + y2 - 10x - 4y – 196 = 0
x2 = 8 x2 - 10x + y2 - 4y = 196
−10 2 −4 2
x = ± √8 x 2 − 10x + � � + y 2 − 4y + � 2 �
2
x = ± �(4)(2)
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 108
−10 2 −4 2 1156. From a standard deck of cards, one
= 196 + � 2
� +�2�
card is drawn. What is the probability that
the card is black and at the same time a
x 2 − 10x + (−5)2 + y 2 − 4y + (−2)2 jack? P(Black and Jack)
= 196 + (−5)2 + (−2)2 Solution:
There are 52 cards in a standard deck of
x 2 − 10x + 25 + y 2 − 4y + 4 = 225 cards, 26 are black and 26 are red. There are
(x − 5)2 + (y − 2)2 = 225 4 jacks in a standard deck of cards, 2 are red
The center is at C(5, 2) and the radius is r = and 2 are black. So there are 2 cards that are
√225 = 15 jacks and at the same time black.
number of favorable outcomes
P = number of possible outcomes
1151. Simplify the expression: 2 1
8(-5x) – 14x Pblack and jack = 52 = 26
Solution:
8(-5x) – 14x = -40x – 14x = -54x 1157. Find: 10P5
Solution:
1152. What property is used in the equation n!
nPr =
1 (n−r)!
20
∙ 20 = 1? 10! 10∙9∙8∙7∙6∙5∙4∙3∙2∙1
10P5 = (10−5)! =
answer: multiplicative inverse 5∙4∙3∙2∙1
= 10 ∙ 9 ∙ 8 ∙ 7 ∙ 6 = 30240
1153. Two motorists start out from two
towns 420 km apart and travel toward each Note: This can be computed directly in any
other at the hourly rate of 30 and 40 km scientific calculator.
respectively. In how many hours will they
meet? 1158. Rhombus ABCD has an area of 2500
Solution: square feet. Find AC if BD is 100 feet.

d = Vt
d = d1 + d2 Solution:
1
420 = 30t + 40t A = 2 d1 d2
420 = 70t 1
2500 = 2 (100)(d2 )
t = 6 hours
d2 = AC = 50 feet
1154. _______________ A body wholly or
partly immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a 1159. Marvin drove a 45-mile trip in one
force equal to the weight of the fluid it hour, then returned for two hours. What was
displaces. The buoyant force can be his average speed for the round trip?
considered to act vertically upward through Solution:
d
the center of gravity of the displaced fluid. working formula: V = t ; where V= speed,
answer: Archimedes’ Principle d = distance and t = time
total distance 45+45 90
Vaverage = total time = 1+2 = 3
1155. A motion was adopted by a vote of 5
to 3. What part of the total vote was against = 30 mph
the motion?
Solution: 1160. Find the area bounded by the line
Let 5k and 3k be the number of the votes for x - 2y + 4 = 0, the y-axis and the x-axis.
the motion and that against the motion, Solution:
respectively. Find the y-intercept and x-intercept. To find
Hence, for the y-intercept, set x = 0 then solve for y.
total number of the votes x - 2y + 4 = 0
= 5k + 3k = 8k 0 - 2y + 4 = 0
y=2
Part of the total vote against the motion y – intercept (0, 2)
= 3k/(8k) = 3/8
To find for the x-intercept, set y = 0 then
solve for x.
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 109
x - 2y + 4 = 0 1166. Peanuts sell for $3 per pound.
x–0+4=0 Cashews sell for $6 per pound. How many
x = -4 pounds of cashews should be mixed with 12
x – intercept (-4, 0) pounds of peanuts
to obtain a mixture that sells for $4.2 per
pound?
Solution:
P = mass of peanuts in pounds
C = mass of cashews in pounds
$3 = price of peanuts per pound
$6 = price of cashews per pound
$4.2 = price of the mixture of peanuts
and cashews per pound
3P + 6C = 4.2(P + C)
3(12) + 6C = 4.2(12 + C)
36 + 6C = 50.4 + 4.2C
1
A = 2 (2)(4) = 4 C = 8 lbs

1167. Find the product.

1161. Economic equivalence is a 4 4
combination of interest rate and time value �− 5� �9�
of money to determine the different amounts Solution:
of money at different points in time that are In multiplying fractions, multiply the two
equal in economic value. numerators to have a new numerator and
multiply the two denominators to have a
1162. What property of equality is used in new denominator.
the equation a = a or 17 = 17? negative × positive = negative or
a. reflexive (answer) different signs = negative product
b. symmetric 4 4 4×4 16
�− 5� �9� = − 5×9 = − 45
c. transitive
d. substitution
1168. A plumber crossed a river 30m wide
1163. Whole numbers that satisfy the but current brought 40m beyond and further
Pythagorean Theorem are called _____. to the opposite bank. What is the total
Examples are: (3,4,5), (5,12,13) and distance travelled?
(8,15,17). Solution:
a. Pythagorean Expressions It forms a right triangle with legs 30 m and
b. Pythagorean Identities 40 m. We need to find the hypotenuse. By
c. Pythagorean Numbers Pythagorean theorem, we have
d. Pythagorean Triples (answer) h = √302 + 402 = 50 m

1164. What property of equality is used 1169. What property of equality is used
below? below?
i. For any real numbers a and b, if a = b, i. For any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b
then b = a. and b = c then a = c.

ii. If 11 = 7 + 4, then 4 + 7 = 11 ii. If 7 + 4 = 6 + 5, and 6 + 5 = 11, then

a. reflexive 7 + 4 = 11.
b. symmetric (answer)
c. transitive a. reflexive
d. substitution b. symmetric
c. transitive (answer)
1165. Of Ted’s salary, 1/10 is spent for d. substitution
clothing, and 1/3 for food and for rent. What
part of the salary is left for other 1170. A drop of falling water passes a point
expenditures and savings? 300 m from the ground at a speed of 20m/s.
Solution: how high above the ground will it be 3
Let x be Ted’s salary. The part of the salary seconds later?
left for other expenditures and savings is Solution:
x x 17x 1
x - 10 − 3 = 30 y = yo + Vo t + 2 at 2
where: y = position of the droplet of
17 water at time 3 seconds
answer: 30

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 110
yo = position of the droplet of the height of one small triangle be h and the
water at time 0 seconds base be b. The angle opposite of side h is
Vo = velocity of the droplet of 60°
2
= 30°.
water at time 0 seconds
a = g = 9.8 m/s2 h
Since the water droplet is going downward, sin 30 = 16
Vo and g are negative. h = 16 sin 30 = 8
b
2
1 cos 30 =
y = 300 + (−20)(3) + 2 (−9.8)(3)2 16
b
y = 195.5m 2
= 16 cos 30
b = 32 cos 30 = 27.71
1171. A standard deck of 52cards is shuffled
1
and one card is drawn. Find the probability A[equilateral] = 3�2 (8)(27.71)�
that the card is a queen or an ace
= 332.52
Solution:
In a standard deck of 52 cards, four are
A[circle] = πr2 = π(16)2 = 804.25
queens and four are aces.
number of favorable outcomes
P = number of possible outcomes A[shaded] = A[circle] - A[equilateral]
4 = 804.25 - 332.52 = 471.73 m2
Pqueen = 52
4
Pace = 52 1173. Twenty seven coins composed of 5
centavo-coins and 25 centavo-coins have a
4 4 8
Pqueen or ace = 52 + 52 = 52 = 13
2 total value of ₱4.95. How many 25 centavo-
coins are there?
Solution:
Hint: “or” means to add.
Let a = number of 5 cents
b = number of 25 cents
1172. An equilateral triangle is inscribed in
a circle of radius 16 meters as shown. Find
a + b = 27 (eq. 1)
the area of the shaded part.
5a + 25b = 495 (eq. 2)

Solve for a in terms of b in equation 1, then

substitute into equation 2.
a = 27 – b

5(27 - b) + 25b = 495

135 – 5b + 25b = 495
20b = 360
b = 18
1
1174. Solve: 4(2f - 8) = 7(49f + 70)
Solution:
1
Solution: 4(2f - 8) = 7(49f + 70)
Apply distributive property to both sides.
8f – 32 = 7f + 10
Subtract 7f from both sides.
f – 32 = 10
Add 32 to both sides.
f = 42

1175. Susan is 4 times as old as Paul and 1

½ times as old as Mary. What fraction of
Paul’s age is Mary?
a. 3/8
b. 2 2/3 (answer)
c. 3 ¾
d. 6

Solution:
Divide the equilateral triangle into 3 S = 4P
congruent isosceles triangles as shown. Let
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 111
3
S = 2M d. substitution (answer)
What we are looking for is
1180. An airplane flying with the wind, took
M = ____ P
2 hours to travel 1000km. and 2.5 hours to
fly back. What was the wind velocity in
S=S
3 kph?
2
M = 4P Solution:
8 2 d
M = 3P = 2 3P V = t where: V = velocity; d = distance
and t = time
1176. An equation that is true for every Let w be the velocity of the wind.
value of the variable is called an identity. Travelling with the wind, the equation is
1000
V + w = 2 = 500 (eq. 1)
1177. A lead pipe 50 mm in outside
diameter and 1.2 m long is melted to form a
cube of edge 10 cm. How thick (mm) was Travelling against the wind, the equation is
1000
the pipe? V − w = 2.5 = 400 (eq. 2)
Solution:
Since we are looking for the value of w, we
need to eliminate V. Subtracting eq. 2 from
eq. 1, we get
2w = 100
w = 50 kph

Note: You can also add the two equations to

solve for V, then solve for w.

1181. Solve the system of equations.

x + y2 = 5
�
2x + y = 4
VL = volume of lead pipe
VC = volume of cube Solution:
t = thickness of lead pipe x + y 2 = 5 (eq. 1)
x = inside diameter of lead pipe �
2x + y = 4 (eq. 2)

VC = (100 mm)3 = 1,000,000 mm3 Solve for x in equation 1 then substitute the
result on equation 2.
VL = VC = 1,000,000 mm3 x + y2 = 5
x = 5 - y2
VL = (area of cross-section)(length)
π
1,000,000 = 4 (502 − x 2 )(1200) 2x + y = 4
x = 37.93 mm 2(5 – y2) + y = 4
10 - 2y2 + y = 4
t=
50−37.93
= 6.04 mm 2y2 – y – 6 = 0
2

6 3
By the quadratic formula,
1178. Evaluate p2 �− 11� if p = − 2. −b±√b2 −4ac
y=
Solution: 2a
a = 2; b = -1; c = -6
6 3 2 6 9 6
p2 �− 11� = �− 2� �− 11� = 4 �− 11� 1±�(−1)2 −4(2)(−6) 1±√49 1±7
y= = =
9×6 54 27 2(2) 4 4
= − 4×11 = − 44 = − 22 1+7
y= 4 =2
1179. What property of equality is used or
1−7 −6 −3
below? y = 4 = 4 = 2 = −1.5
i. If a = b, then a may be replaced by b in
any expression. Now, substitute the values of y on any of the
given equations.
ii. If m = 15, then 5m = 5(15). When y = 2
2x + y = 4
a. reflexive 2x + 2 = 4
b. symmetric x=1
c. transitive (x,y) = (1,2)

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 112
When y = -1.5 −4±√64 −4±8
= =
2x + y = 4 8 8
−4+8 1
2x – 1.5 = 4 x= 8 =2
x = 2.75 or
(x,y) = (2.75,-1.5) −4−8 −12 −3
x= 8 = 8 = 2
1182. Henry’s father is now twice as old as
Henry. Sixteen years ago, he was four times 1187. The arithmetic mean of 80 numbers is
as old. How old is Henry now? 55. If two numbers namely 250 and 850 are
Solution: removed, what is the arithmetic mean of the
H = present age of Henry remaining numbers?
F = present age of Henry’s father Solution:
The sum of the 80 numbers is 80(55) = 4400
F = 2H (eq. 1)
If the numbers 250 and 850 are removed, the
F – 16 = 4(H - 16) (eq. 2) sum of the 78 numbers is
4400 – 250 – 850 = 3300
Substitute equation 1 into equation 2.
F – 16 = 4(H - 16) So the new arithmetic mean is
2H – 16 = 4H – 64 3300/78 = 42.31 (approximate)
H = 24
1188. The sum of reciprocal of two
1183. What property is used in the consecutive even whole numbers is 13/84.
following? Find the numbers.
3(5a – 2w) = 15a – 6w Solution:
a. distributive property x = first number
b. commutative property x + 2 = second number
1
c. associative property x
= reciprocal of first number
d. additive identity property 1
x+2
= reciprocal of second number
1184. An 80 kg metal cylinder, 2 m long and 1 1 13
with each end of area 25 cm2, stands x
+ x+2 = 84
vertically on one end. What pressure does Multiply both sides of the equation by
the cylinder exert on the floor? (84)(x)(x + 2) to remove denominators.
Solution: 1 1 13
�x + x+2 = 84� (84)(x)(x + 2)
normal force (80 kg)�9.81 m/s2 �
P= area
= 1m 2 84(x + 2) + 84x = 13(x)(x + 2)
25 cm2 � �
100 cm 84x + 168 + 84x = 13x(x + 2)
= 313920 Pa 168x + 168 = 13x2 + 26x
13x2 - 142x – 168 = 0
1185. How much money would a man have
to invest at the rate of 5% per year, to have −b±√b2 −4ac 142±�(−142)2 −4(13)(−168)
₱1,470 at the end of the year? x= =
2a 2(13)
Solution: 142±√20164+8736
x=
F = P(1 + i)n 26
142±170
1470 = P(1 + 0.05)1 x= 26
P = ₱1400 14
x = 12 or x = − 13
2 So the integers are 12 and 14.
1186. Solve. 42x +2x = 8
Solution:
Make the bases equal. We know that 22 = 4 1189. One of the factors of 48 is chosen at
and 23 = 8, so random. What is the probability that the
2 chosen factor is not a multiple of 4?
42x +2x = 8 Solution:
2
22�2x +2x� = 23 The factors pairs of 48 are:
2
24x +4x = 23 (1 × 48), (2 × 24), (3 × 16), (4 × 12), and
Since the bases are equal, equate the powers (6 × 8)
or exponents. So the factors of 48 are:
4x2 + 4x = 3 {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48}
4x2 + 4x - 3 = 0 The factors that are not a multiple of 4 are
By using the quadratic formula, we get {1, 2, 3, 6}
−b±√b2 −4ac −4±�(4)2 −4(4)(−3)
x= 2a
= 2(4)

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 113
number of favorable outcomes i. Since the order of the numbers in the code
P= total number of possible ways is important, this situation is a permutation
4 2
of 7 digits taken 7 at a time.
Pnot a multiple of 4 = 10 = 5 n!
nPr =
(n−r)!
7! 7! 7∙6∙5∙4∙3∙2∙1
1190. How many three digit numbers can be 7P7 = (7−7)! = 0! = 1
= 5040
formed using the digits 0-9? Repetition of
digits is allowed and 0 cannot be a first digit. ii. There are 3 even digits from
Solution: {1,2,4,5,6,7,9}.
There are 10 digits from 0 to 9. Since 0 The number of choices for the first digit is 3.
cannot be a first digit, we can choose any The number of choices for the 2nd digit is 2.
digit from 1 to 9 for the first digit. There are The number of choices for the 3rd digit is 1.
9 ways to do that. Since repetition of digits The number of choices for the 4th digit is 4.
is allowed, we can choose any digit from 0 The number of choices for the 5th digit is 3.
to 9 for the second digit. There are 10 ways The number of choices for the 6th digit is 2.
to do that. We can choose any digit from 0 The number of choices for the 7th digit is 1.
to 9 for the third digit. There are 10 ways to
do that. From the Fundamental Principle of number of favorable outcomes
Counting, we can form = 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 = 144
N = 9*10*10 = 900 three digit numbers
number of possible outcomes
1191. How many three digit numbers can be = 5040
formed using the digits 0-9? Repetition of
digits is not allowed and 0 cannot be a first number of favorable outcomes 144 1
P= number of possible outcomes
= 5040 = 35
digit.
Solution:
The first digit can be filled in 9 ways (the 1195. Find the value of x if the average of
digits 1 to 9). Since repetition is not allowed, 1.0, 0.8, 0.2 and x is exactly 0.6
the second digit can be filled in 9 ways (the Solution:
1+0.8+0.2+x
remaining 9 digits, 0 is included). The third 4
= 0.6
digit can be filled in 8 ways (the remaining 8 2 + x = 2.4
digits). From the Fundamental Principle of x = 0.4
Counting, we can form
N = 9*9*8 = 648 three digit numbers 1196. The price of a computer dropped $20
each month for 7 months. If the starting
1192. How large a force does the still air in price was $1000, what was the price after 7
a room exert on the inside of a window pane months?
that is 40 cm × 80 cm? Solution:
Solution: price after 7 months
Use atmospheric pressure for P. = 1000 – (20*7) = 1000 – 140 = $860
Force
P = Area
Force 1197. These are terms that contain the same
101325 Pa = (0.4 m)(0.8 m)
variables, with corresponding variables
Force = 32424 N having the same power.
a. like terms (answer)
1193. It is a number, a variable, or a product b. term
or quotient of numbers and variables. c. expression
a. like terms d. equation
b. term (answer)
c. expression 1198. What is the volume of the cylindrical
d. equation tank with the flat ends, if the inside diameter
is one meter and height is 2 m?
1194. A word processing program requires a Solution:
user to enter a 7-digit registration code made V = Abh = πr2h = π(0.5)2(2) = 0.5π
up of the digits 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9. Each
number has to be used, and no number can 1199. Three painters Marvin, Sky, and Lee,
be used more than once. working together, can paint the exterior of a
i. How many different registration codes are house in 10 hours. Sky and Lee together
possible? have painted a similar house in 15 hours.
ii. What is the probability that the first three One day, all three worked on this same kind
digits of the code are even numbers? of house for 4 hours, after which Lee left.
Solution: Marvin and Sky required 8 more hours to
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 114
finish the job. How long does it take each If the minute hand moves a distance of x
person to complete such a job alone? minutes, the hour hand moves a distance of
Solution: x/12 minutes. Convert first the 120° to
M = no. of hours Marvin can do the job minutes.
alone 30° = 5 minutes
S = no. of hours Sky can do the job alone 5 minutes
120° × 30° = 20 min
L = no. of hours Lee can do the job alone
From the figure, we have
x
1 1 1 1 x = 12 + 20
M
+ S + L = 10 (eq. 1)
1 1 1 x = 21.82 minutes
S
+ L = 15 (eq. 2)
1201. Trapezoid EFGH has an area of 6250
1 1 1 1 1 square millimetres. Find height FI in
4 �M + S + L� + 8 �M + S� = 1 (eq. 3)
millimetres.
Substitute equation 2 on equation 1.
1 1 1 1
M
+ S + L = 10
1 1 1
M
+ 10 = 10
1 1
M
= 30
M = 30 hours
Solution:
h
Substitute equation 1 and M = 30 on A = 2 (a + b) where: h = height
equation 3.
1 1 1 1 1 a and b = bases
4 �M + S + L� + 8 �M + S� = 1 h
6250 = 2 (100 + 150)
1 1 1
4 �10� + 8 �30 + S� = 1 12500 = 250h
4 8 8 h = 50 mm
10
+ 30 + S = 1
8 4 8
S
= 1 − 10 − 30 1202. Cash inflows are all types of receipts,
8 1 including sales, revenues, incomes, money
S
=3
from a loan when received from the lender,
S = 24
and savings generated by project and
business activity. It is indicated by a plus
Substitute S = 24 on equation 2.
1 1 1 sign.
S
+ L = 15
1 1 1
24
+ L = 15 1203. A boat travels a certain distance
1 1 downstream in 2 hrs. On its return trip the
L
= 40 same distance is covered in 5 hours. If the
L = 40 hours speed of the current is 6 mph, what is the
speed of the boat in still water?
(M,S,L) = (30,24,40) Solution:
Working Formula:
1200. After how many minutes from 12:00 d
V = t ; where: V = speed, d = distance and
o’clock will the minute hand and the hour
hand of a clock make an angle of 120° for t = time
the first time? Travelling downstream:
d
V+6=2
Solution: 2V + 12 = d (eq. 1)

Travelling upstream:
d
V–6=5
5V – 30 = d (eq. 2)

d=d
2V + 12 = 5V – 30
V = 14 mph

1204. Cash outflows are all types of costs,

including disbursements, expenses, deposits
into retirement or savings accounts, loan
repayments, and taxes caused by projects
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 115
2
and business activity. It is indicated by a W = 9 (2L + 2W)
negative sign.
9W = 4L + 4W
1205. How many miles can a motorist travel 2000
from 9:55 am to 10:15 am at rate of 40 miles 9W = 4� W
� + 4W
per hour? 2000
5W = 4� W �
Solution:
The time elapsed from 9:55 am to 10:15 am 5W2 = 8000
is 20 minutes or 1/3 hour. W2 = 1600
W = 40 units
miles 1 40
d = Vt = 40 hour × 3 hour = miles 2000 2000
3 L= W
= 40
= 50 units
or
1
d = 13 3 miles 1210. The bases of a right prism are regular
pentagons with each side 6 cm long. The
1206. In the term 17x2, 17 is called _____? bases are 12 cm apart. What is the volume of
answer: coefficient the prism?
Solution:
1207. Find the pressure due to the fluid at a
depth of 76 cm in still water and mercury.
Solution:
i. water (ρw = 1000 kg/m3)
P = ρgh = (1000 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2)(0.76 m)
= 7455.6 Pa

ii. mercury (ρ = 13593 kg/m3)

P = ρgh = (13593 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2)(0.76 m)
= 101343.9708 Pa

1208. A car 15 ft long overtakes a truck 30 The volume of a prism is given by the
ft. long which is traveling at a rate 45 mph. equation
How fast must the car travel to pass the V = Abh where: Ab = area of the base and
truck in 3 seconds? h = height
Solution: A regular pentagon is composed of 5
ft
Let the speed of the car be x s congruent isosceles triangles. The vertex
angle of one isosceles triangle is 360/5 =
Truck speed = 45 mph 180−72
ft 72°. The base angles are each 2 = 54°
Convert 45 mph to s
miles 5280 feet 1 hour ft By Law of Sines,
45 × × 3600 seconds = 66 s x 6
hour 1 mile
sin 54
= sin 72
ft
The effective speed of the car is x - 66 s x = 5.104 cm
(because they are in the same direction)
The car has to travel 15 ft + 30 ft = 45 ft to The area of the base (regular pentagon) is
1
completely pass the truck Ab = 5 �2� (x)(x)(sin 72)
distance
speed = time 1
= 5 �2� (5.104)(5.104)(sin 72)
45 ft
x – 66 = 3s = 61.94 cm2
ft
x = 81 s
ft So the volume is
Convert 81 s
to mph. V = 61.94(20) = 743.3 cm3
ft 3600 s 1 mile
x = 81 s
× 1 hr
× 5280 ft = 55.227 mph
1211. What is the natural logarithm of e to
the xy power?
1209. What are the length and width of a
Solution:
rectangle if the area is 2000 square units and
2 ln exy = xy ln e = xy (1) = xy
the width is 9 of the perimeter?
Solution: 1212. Find the area of a regular pentagon
Formulas: A = LW and P = 2L + 2W that is inscribed in a circle of area 314 sq.m.
Solution:
LW = 2000
2000
L= W

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 116
1215. A salesman travels for 2 hours at 30
miles per hour and then covers 60 miles in
the next 3 hours. What is the average rate for
the entire trip?
Solution:
total distance
Formula: Vave. = total time
The distance travelled for the first 2 hours is
d1 = Vt = 30(2) = 60 miles
The distance travelled for the next 3 hours is
d2 = 60 miles
So the average rate or speed is
total distance 60+60
Ac = πr2 Vave. = total time = 2+3 = 24 mph
314 = πr2
r = 10 1216. Given the equation of an ellipse:
9x2 + 49y2 = 441
A regular pentagon is composed of 5 Find the following:
congruent isosceles triangles. The vertex i. eccentricity
angle of one isosceles triangle is 360/5 = ii. length of latus rectum
180−72
72°. The base angles are each 2 = 54 iii. vertices
iv. co-vertices
The area of the pentagon is v. foci
1 vi. length of major axis
A = 5 �2� (r)(r)(sin 72) vii. length of minor axis
1
= 5 �2� (10)(10)(sin 72) = 237.76 m2 viii. area
ix. perimeter
Solution:
1213. What is the prime factorization of
120?
Solution.
The prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13,
17, 19, 23 . . . etc

120 = 60*2
60 = 20*3
120 = 20*3*2
20 = 4*5
Convert 9x2 + 49y2 = 441 to standard form.
120 = 4*5*3*2
Divide both sides by 441 and simplify.
4 = 2*2 9x2 49y2 441
120 = 2*2*5*3*2 + = 441
441 441
120 = 23*3*5 x2 y2
+ =1
49 9
x2 y2
Note: * means multiply + 32 = 1
72
x2 x2
Another solution: It is of the form a2 + b2 = 1
120 = 4*30 It’s center is C(0,0).
4 = 2*2 Note that “a” is always greater than “b”.
120 = 2*2*30
30 = 15*2 Since “a” is with “x2”, the major axis is
120 = 2*2*15*2 parallel with the x-axis.
15 = 3*5
120 = 2*2*3*5*2 c2 = a2 – b2 = 49 – 40 = 40
120 = 23*3*5 c = √40 = 2√10

1214. In the expansion of (x + 4y)12, what is i. The eccentricity is

the numerical coefficient of the fifth term? c 2√10
e=a= ≈ 0.904
Solution: 7
(r+1)th term = nCr xn-r yr
The 5th term of (x + 4y)12 is ii. The length of latus rectum is
2b2 2(9) 18
(4+1)th term = 12C4 x12-4 (4y)4 LR = = = ≈ 2.57
a 7 7
= 495x8(256y4) = 126720x8y4
The numerical coefficient of the fifth term is
126720.
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 117
iii. The vertices can be found by moving x = lower part of the break point
from the center C(0,0) to the left by a x + 2 = upper part of the break point
distance of “a” and to the right by a distance x + x +2 = 2x + 2 = length of pole
of “a”. Since a = 7, the vertices are
V: (-7, 0) and (7,0). By Pythagorean Theorem,
(x + 2)2 = x2 + 42
iv. The co-vertices can be found by moving x2 + 4x + 4 = x2 + 16
from the center C(0,0) upward by a distance 4x = 12
of “b” and downward by a distance of “b”. x=3
Since b = 3, the co-vertices are
Co-vertices: (3,0) and (-3,0). So the length of the pole is
2x + 2 = 2(3) + 2 = 8 m
v. The foci can be found by moving from the
center C(0,0) to the left by a distance of “c” 1218. What property is used in the
and to the right by a distance of “c”. Since following?
c = 2√10, the foci are i. (2 + 4) + 6 = 2 + (4 + 6)
F: (2√10, 0) and (−2√10, 0). ii. (3 × 4) × 5 = 3 × (4 × 5)

vi. The length of major axis is Answers:

2a = 2(7) = 14 i. associative property of addition
ii. associative property of multiplication
vii. The length of minor axis is
2b = 2(3) = 6 1219. An arrangement or listing in which
order is not important is called a
viii. The area is combination.
A = πab = π(7)(3) = 21π ≈ 65.97
1220. Plumber A can finish a plumbing job
ix. There are 2 approximations for the in 2 days. Plumber B can finish the job in 3
perimeter of an ellipse. days. Plumber C can do the job in 6 days. If
First, they work together, how long will it take for
them to finish the job?
a2 +b2 49+9
P = 2π� = 2π� = 33.84 Solution:
2 2
1 1 1 1
A
+B+C= t
Second, 1 1 1 1
2
+3+6= t
P = π �3(a + b) − �(3a + b)(a + 3b)� 1=t
1

= π �3(7 + 3) − �[3(7) + 3][7 + 3(3)]� t = 1 day

= π�3(10) − �(24)(16)� = 32.69
1221. You have $10,000 to invest for five
The perimeter is approximately any of the years. Your bank offers 8% interest
above result. compounded continuously. How much
money will be in that account at the end of
Note: The first approximation is easier to five years?
memorize. Solution:
P = $10,000
1217. A vertical pole was broken by the r = 8% = 0.08
wind. The upper part still attached, reached N = 5 years
a point on the level ground 4 m from the F=?
base. If the upper part is 2 m longer than the
lower part, how tall was the pole? F = PerN
Solution: where: r = nominal annual interest rate
N = number of compoundings (years)

F = 10000e(0.08)(5) = $14918.25

1222. Solve the system of equations.

x + y − z = −1
�4x − 3y + 2z = 16
2x − 2y − 3z = 5

Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 118
x + y − z = −1 (eq. 1)
�4x − 3y + 2z = 16 (eq. 2)
2x − 2y − 3z = 5 (eq. 3)
Multiply equation 1 by -4 then add to
equation 2 to eliminate x.
-4(x + y – z = -1)
-4x – 4y + 4z = 4 (eq. 5)

Adding equation 2 and equation 5, gives

-7y + 6z = 20 (eq. 6)

Multiply equation 3 by -2 then add to

equation 2 to eliminate x.
-2(2x – 2y – 3z = 5)
-4x + 4y + 6z = -10 (eq. 7)

Adding equation 2 and equation 7, gives

y + 8z = 6 (eq. 8) Since the hour hand and the minute hand are
perpendicular to each other, they form a 90°
Solve for y in terms of z in equation 8 then angle. Convert the 90° to minutes. We know
substitute the result on equation 6. that 5 minutes is 30°, so
5 min
y + 8z = 6 90° × 30° = 15 min
y = 6 – 8z (eq. 9)
From the figure above,
Substitute equation 9 on equation 6. x
x = 10 + 12 + 15
-7y + 6z = 20
-7(6 – 8z) + 6z = 20
From the figure above,
-42 + 56z + 6z = 20
x = 27.27 mins or 27:16
62z = 62
z=1
time = 2:27:16
Substitute z = 1 on equation 9.
1224. Which expression can be simplified as
y = 6 – 8z
-15xy?
y = 6 – 8(1)
a. -3x(5y)(answer)
y = -2
b. -3x(-5y)
c. -3x + 5y
Substitute z = 1 and y = -2 on equation 1.
d. -5y - 3x
x + y – z = -1
x – 2 – 1 = -1
Solution:
x=2
-3x(5y) = -15xy
The solution is (x,y,z) = (2,-2,1)
1225. The elevator in a eleven-storey office
building travels at the rate of one floor per ¼
1223. What is the time when the hands after
min, which allows time for picking up and
2:00 o’clock are perpendicular with each
discharging passenger. At the main floor and
other?
at the top floor, the operator stops for 1
Solution:
minute. How many complete trips will an
If the minute hand moves a distance of x
operator make during a 7 hours period?
minutes, the hour hand moves a distance of
Solution:
x/12 minutes.
One complete trip consists of a 1 minute
conversion: 5 min = 30° 1
pause at the main floor, 10 × 4 = 2.5 minutes
transit to the top floor, 1 minute pause at the
1
top floor, and 10 × 4 = 2.5 minutes transit to
the main floor for a total time of 1 + 2.5 + 1
+ 2.5 = 7 minutes/trip.

The number of minutes during a 7 hours

period is
60 minutes
7 hours × 1 hour = 420 minutes

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 119
The number of complete trips during a 7 Let t = tens digit and u = units digit
hour period is 10t + u = the number
1 trip 10u + t = the reversed number
420 minutes × 7 minutes = 60 trips

10u + t = 10t + u + 36
1226. Two dice are rolled, and their sum is
9u – 9t = 36
recorded. Find each probability.
u–t=4
i. P(sum less than 7)
u = 4 + t (equation 1)
ii. P(sum less than 8)
iii. P(sum is greater than 12)
t + u = 3(t - u)
iv. P(sum of 7)
t + u = 3t – 3u
4u = 2t (equation 2)
Solution:
number of favorable outcomes
P = total number of possible outcomes Substitute equation into equation 2.
If two dice are rolled, the number of 4u = 2t
possible outcomes is 62 = 36. 4(4 + t) = 2t
16 + 4t = 2t
i. P(sum less than 7) 16 = -2t
favorable outcomes: outcomes less than sum t = -8
of 7
(1,1) , (1,2) , (1,3) , (1,4) , (1,5) It follows that,
(2,1) , (2,2) , (2,3) , (2,4) u = 4 + t = 4 + (-8) = -4
(3,1) , (3,2) , (3,3)
(4,1) , (4,2) The number is 10t + u = 10(-8) + (-4) = -84
(5,1)
There are 15 outcomes less than 7. 1228. States that the volume of a solid of
revolution generated by the revolution of a
15 5 lamina about an external axis is equal to the
P = 36 = 12
product of the area of the lamina and the
distance traveled by the lamina's geometric
ii. P(sum less than 8) centroid.
favorable outcomes: outcomes less than sum answer: Second Theorem of Pappus
of 8
(1,1) , (1,2) , (1,3) , (1,4) , (1,5) , (1,6) 1229. Write an algebraic expression for the
(2,1) , (2,2) , (2,3) , (2,4) , (2,5) verbal expression “24 less than three times a
(3,1) , (3,2) , (3,3) , (3,4) number”.
(4,1) , (4,2) , (4,3) Solution:
(5,1) , (5,2) Let m be the number, then three times a
(6 ,1) number is 3m. So the algebraic expression is
There are 21 outcomes less than 8. 3m – 24
21 7
We subtract 24 (24 less) from 3m.
P = 36 = 12
1230. Three liters of 20% alcohol solution is
iii. P(sum is greater than 12) mixed with one liter of an x% alcohol
The highest sum when two dice are rolled is solution. If new the mixture contains 22.5%
12. So the probability of having a sum alcohol, what is the value of x?
greater than 12 is 0 (zero). Solution:

iv. P(sum of 7)
favorable outcomes: outcomes equal to sum
of 7
(1,6) , (6,1) , (2,5) , (5,2) , (3,4) , (4,3) 0.2(3) + x%(1) = 0.225(4)
x = 30%
There are 6 outcomes equal to 7.
1231. Calculate the amount that had to be
6 1 deposited exactly 1 year ago to earn $10000
P = 36 = 6
in interest now, if the rate of return is 6%
per year.
1227. If the digits of a two digit number are Solution:
reversed, the number is increased by 36. The I = Pin
sum of the digit in the number is three times 10000 = P(0.06)(1)
their difference. What is the number? P = $166,666.67
Solution:
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 120
1232. States that the surface area of a 𝟏𝟏
b. 𝟒𝟒 𝐱𝐱 + 𝟓𝟓 = 𝐱𝐱 − 𝟕𝟕
surface of revolution generated by the
c. 4x + 7 = x - 5
revolution of a curve about an external axis
d. 4x + 5 = x - 7
is equal to the product of the arc length of
the generating curve and the distance
1238. The age of Dompoy divided by the
traveled by the curve's geometric centroid.
age of his son gives a quotient of four
answer: First Theorem of Pappus
remainder two. Twelve years hence, the sum
of their ages is 66. Find the present age of
1233. One half of a number increased by 16
the son.
is four less than two thirds of the number.
Solution:
Find the number.
From the first sentence, the equation is
Solution: D 2
Let v be the number. S
= 4 + S (eq. 1)
1 2
2
v + 16 = 3 v − 4
2 1 From the second sentence, the equation is
16 + 4 = 3 v - 2 v (D + 12) + (S + 12) = 66
1
20 = 6 v D + 12 + S + 12 = 66
v = 20(6) = 120 D + S = 42 (eq. 2)

1234. Find the area of the figure shown. From equation 2, solve D in terms of S then
substitute into equation 1.
D + S = 42
D = 42 – S
42−S 2
S
=4+S
Multiply both sides of the equation by S to
remove denominators.
42−S 2
� S = 4 + S� s
Solution: 42 - S = 4S + 2
The figure is composed of three regular S=8
shapes: rectangle, circle and equilateral
triangle. 1239. Solve the system of equations.
A[rectangle] = (28 - 8)(8) = (20)(8) = 160 x 2 + y 2 = 25
� 2
A[circle] = πr2 = π(4)2 = 16π = 50.265 x + y = 19
√3 Solution:
A[equilateral triangle] = (8)2 = 27.71
4 x 2 + y 2 = 25 (eq. 1)
� 2
x + y = 19 (eq. 2)
A[figure] = 160 + 50.265 + 27.71 = 237. 98
We can see that there is an x2 in both
1235. If ab = 6 and a2 + b2 = 13, then equations 1 and 2. So we can subtract
(a + b)(a + b) = _____. equation 1 from equation 2 or equation 2
Solution: from equation 1. Subtracting equation 2
(a + b)(a + b) = (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 from equation 1, we get
= a2 + b2 + 2ab y2 – y = 6
= 13 + 2(6) = 13 + 12 = 25 y2 – y – 6 = 0
1236. Simplify each expression. It is a quadratic equation.
Solution: -3(2) = -6 (constant in the equation)
i. 3(x + 2y) + 4(3x + y) -3 + 2 = -1 (coefficient of y in the equation)
= 3x + 6y + 12x + 4y = 15x + 10y So we can factor.
ii. 7(ac + 2b) + 2ac (y - 3)(y + 2) = 0
= 7ac + 14b + 2ac = 9ac + 14b y - 3 = 0, y + 2 = 0
iii. 3(4x + 2) + 2x = 12x + 6 + 2x = 14x + 6 y = 3, y = -2
iv. 5a + 3b + 2a + 7b = 7a + 10b
v. 3x2(x + x3 - 2) = 3x3 + 3x5 – 6x2 Now substitute the values of y on any of the
original equations. In here, we use equation
1237. Which equation represents the 2
following sentence? One fourth of a number If y = 3
plus five equals the number minus seven. x2 + y = 19
1
a. 4 x + 7 = x − 5 x2 + 3 = 19
x2 = 16
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 121
x = ±4 Solution:
Convert all dimensions to meters.
If y = -2 12 inches = 1 feet
x2 + y = 19 3.28 feet = 1 meter
x2 - 2 = 19
x2 = 21 1 ft 1m
7.8 in × 12 in × 3.28 ft = 0.198 m
x = ±√21 1 ft 1m
9 in × 12 in × 3.28 ft = 0.229 m
The solution of the system is
(x,y): (4,3), (-4,3), (√21, −2),(−√21, −2) There are four small triangles, so the area of
the big triangle is
1
1240. What rate in percent compounded A = 4�2� (0.198)(0.229) = 0.09 m2
semi-annually is equivalent to 20%
compounded annually? 1245. In a certain office, 1/3 of the workers
Solution: are women, ½ of the women are married,
ERS-A = ERA and 1/3 of the married women have children.
i 2
�1 + 2� − 1 = (1 + 0.2)1 − 1 If ¾ of the men are married and 2/3 of the
i 2
married men have children, what part of the
�1 + 2� = 1.2 workers is without children?
i Solution:
�1 + 2� = √1.2
x = total number of workers
i = 19.09% w = number of woman workers
m = number of man workers
1241. Which of the following is written in
point-slope form of an equation of the line? 1
w = 3x
a. y – 4 = 2(x - 3) (answer)
1 1 1
b. y = 2x - 2 married w = 2 �3 x� = 6 x
c. 2x – y -2 = 0 1 1 1
married w with children = 3 �6 x� = 18 x
d. x – 3 = 2(y - 4)
1 2
1242. How high would water rise in the m = x - 3x = 3
x
essentially open pipes of a building if the 3 2 1
married m = 4 �3 x� = 2 x
water pressure gauge shows the pressure at
2 1 1
the ground floor to be 270 kPa (about 40 married m with children = 3 �2 x� = 3
x
lb/in2.)?
Solution: 1 1 7
P = γh workers with children = 18 x + 3 x = 18 x
270 kPa = 9.81 kN/m3(h)
7 11
h = 27.52 m workers without children = x - 18 x = 18
x
11
part of workers without children = 18
1243. Atmospheric pressure is about 1 x 105
Pa. How large a force does the air in a room
exert on the inside of a window pane that is 1246. What is 6 more than 2 times a certain
40 cm x 80 cm? number x?
Solution: Solution:
P = 1 x 105 Pa = 1 x 105 N/m2 “6 more” means add 6 to 2x
A = (0.4 m)(0.8 m) = 0.32m2
1247. The sum of one half of a number and
5
F = PA = (1 x 10 )(0.32) = 32000 N 6 equals one third of the number. What is
= 3.2 x104 N the number?
Solution:
1244. The base of one small triangle in the Let c be the number.
1 1
figure below is 9 inches and the height is 7.8
2
c + 6 = 3
c
inches. Find the area of the big triangle in 1 1
2
c - 3 c = -6
square meters.
The LCD on the left side is 6. So
3c−2c
6
= -6
a. 0.09 m2 c = -36
b. 0.9 m2
c. 0.009 m2 1248. A plumber is to install 20 meters long
d. 0.0009 m2 pipe, the length of pipe is 3.0 meters per
piece. If the plumber has 4 pcs of pipe
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 122
89
available, what is the total length of pipe he = 4 − 30 ÷ 10 + 1
will have to install?
= 22.5 − 30 ÷ 10 + 1
Solution:
= 22.5 − 3 + 1
The length required is 20 meters. The
= 20.25
plumber has already (3m)(4 pieces) = 12
meter length. So he needs
x. 4(6 – 3)2 – (-2) = 4(3)2 + 2 = 4(9) + 2 = 38
20 meters – 12 meters = 8 meters length of
pipe
1250. At what rate of interest compounded
quarterly will an investment double in four
1249. Evaluate each expression.
years?
Solution:
Solution:
By the order of operations,
i 4(4)
1) work inside the parentheses, then F = P �1 + 4�
2) exponents, then i 16
3) multiplication or division, in order from 2P = P �1 + 4�
left to right, then i 4
2 = �1 + 4� ; Raised both sides to 1/16
4) addition or subtraction, in order from left
1 i
to right (2) �16 = 1 +
4
i = 17.71%
i. 3 + 2 ∙ 3 + 7 = 3 + 6 + 7 = 16
1251. In an “if-then” statement, the part of
ii. 15 ÷ 3 ∙ 5 − 42 + 10 the statement immediately following the
= 15 ÷ 3 ∙ 5 − 16 + 10 word “if” is called the hypothesis.
= 5 ∙ 5 − 16 + 10
= 25 − 16 + 10 1252. Solids that have exactly the same
= 19 shape but not necessarily the same size.
answer: similar solids
iii. 2(5) + 3(4 + 3) − 1
= 10 + 3(7) − 1 1253. The age of the father is 3 times that of
= 10 + 21 − 1 his son. The sum of their age is 60. How old
= 30 is the son?
Solution:
iv. 2[5 + (30 ÷ 6)2 ] − 22 F = 3S (eq. 1)
= 2[5 + (5)2 ] − 4 F + S = 60 (eq. 2)
= 2[5 + 25] − 4
= 2[30] − 4 Substitute:
= 60 – 4 3S + S + 60
= 56 4S = 60
S = 15
2�6+42 � 2(6+16) 2(22) 44 22
v. 32 ∙4−2
= 9∙4−2
= 36−2 = 34 = 17
1254. In an “if-then” statement, the part of
(25×10) 250 250 250 25
the statement immediately following the
vi. = 5(2)2 = 5(4) = = word “then” is called the _____.
5(6−4)2 20 2
answer: conclusion
36−3×4 36−12 24
vii. 15−9÷3 = 15−3
= 12 = 2
1255. A bag of chicken feed can feed 18
chickens for 54 days. For how many days
2+7
viii. 6 − � 3
− (2 × 3 − 5)� − 2 + 3 × 10 will it feed 12 chickens?
9 Solution:
= 6 − �3 − (6 − 5)� − 2 + 30
1 bag – 18 chickens – 54 days
= 6 − [3 − (1)] − 2 + 30 1 bag – 1 chicken – (18)(54) = 972 days
= 6 − [2] − 2 + 30 1 bag – 12 chickens – 972/12 = 81 days
= 6 − 2 − 2 + 30
= 32 1256. If the product of the slopes of any two
straight lines is negative 1, one of these lines
�(8+5)(6−2)2 �−(14∙17÷2) are said to be _____.
ix. [(24÷2)÷3]
− 30 ÷ 10 + 1
answer: perpendicular
�(13)(4)2 �−(238÷2)
= [(12)÷3]
− 30 ÷ 10 + 1
[(13)(16)]−(119) 1257. Find the value of m, if m = -3xy, x =
= − 30 ÷ 10 + 1 4, y = -8.
4
208−119
= 4
− 30 ÷ 10 + 1 Solution:
m = -3xy = -3(4)(-8) = -12(-8) = 96
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 123
1258. If the numerator of a fraction is 1262. Which of the following is the
doubled and the denominator is increased by augmented matrix of the system?
7, the value becomes 2/3. If the denominator 3x − y − z = 0
is doubled and the numerator is increased by � x+y= 5
2, the value becomes 3/5. Find the original 2x − 3z = 2
fraction. 0 3 −1 −1
Solution: a. �5 1 1 � 5 �
x
Let the original fraction be y 2 2 −3 2
𝟑𝟑 −𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
2x 2 b. �𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
=3 𝟎𝟎 � 𝟓𝟓�(answer)
y+7
𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐
6x = 2(y + 7) 3 −1 −1 0
6x = 2y + 14 (eq. 1) c. �1 1 0 � 5�
2 −3 0 2
2+x
=5
3 3 −1 −1 0
2y d. �1 1 1 � 5�
5(2 + x) = 6y 2 1 −3 2
10 + 5x = 6y (eq. 2)
1263. The cost of purchasing a set of
We can solve this by substitution. Solve for bathroom fixture is ₱15,000.00. If the
x in terms of y in equation 1 then substitute purchase will be made directly with the
into equation 2. manufacturer, a discount of 30% can be
6x = 2y + 14 availed of. What will be the cost of the
y 7
x=3+3 discounted fixture?
Solution:
y 7 discount price = 15000 + 0.3(15000)
10 + 5�3 + 3� = 6y
= ₱10500
5y 35
10 + 3 + 3 = 6y
3 4
Multiply both sides of the equation by 3 to 1264. If sin θ = − 5 and cos θ = 5, find:
remove denominators. Solution:
5y 35 3
�10 + + = 6y� (3) sin θ − 3 5 3
3 3 i. tan θ = cos θ = 4
5
= −5 × 4 = −4
30 + 5y + 35 = 18y 5
4
65 = 13y cos θ 4 5 4
ii. cot θ = sin θ
= 5
3 = 5 × −3 = −3
y=5 −
5

It follows that 1265. If a pipe fills a cistern in h hours, how

y 7 5 7 12
x=3+3=3+3= 3 =4 much of the cistern does it fill in one hour?
a. 1/h (answer)
4 b. x/h
The original fraction is 5 c. hx
d. h/x
1259. _______________ A pump can pump
out a tank in 11 hours. Another pump can 1266. A car and an emergency vehicle are
pump out the same tank in 20 hours. How heading toward each other. The car is
long will it take both pumps together to traveling at a speed of 30 miles per hour.
pump out the tank? The emergency vehicle is traveling at a
Solution: speed of 50 miles per hour. If the vehicles
t t
A
+ B
=1 are 1000 feet apart, in how many seconds
t t will the driver of the car first hear the siren?
11
+ 20 = 1
A siren can be heard from up to 440 feet.
220
t= 31
= 7.097 hours
Solution:
1260. Find the distance from the point (5,-3)
to the line 7x - 4y – 28 = 0.
Solution:
Ax1 +By1 +C 7(5)−4(−3)−28
d=� √A2 +B2
�=� � = 2.36
�72 +(−4)2

1261. The matrix used to represent a system

of linear equations is called an _____. Their initial distance from each other is
answer: augmented matrix 1000 ft. The siren can be heard by the car if
their distance is 440 ft.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 124
Let the speed of the car be C and the speed Solution:
of the emergency vehicle be E. Now, The standard form of a line is Ax + By = C.
convert these two speeds to feet per second.
5
y + 5 = − 4 (x − 2)
miles 5280 feet 1 hour
C = 30 hour
× 1 mile
× 3600 seconds Multiply both sides of the equation to
feet remove the denominator.
= 44 seconds
4y + 20 = -5(x - 2)
miles 5280 feet 1 hour
Apply distributive property on the right side.
E = 50 hour
× 1 mile
× 3600 seconds 4y + 20 = -5x + 10
feet Simplify.
= 73.33 seconds
5x + 4y = 10 – 20
5x + 4y = -10
From the figure,
1000 = d1 + d2 + 400 1273. capital budget. Amount of money
working formula: d = Vt; where V = speed available for capital investment projects.
d = distance and t = time
1000 = 73.33t + 44t + 440 1274. Evaluate each expression if
t = 4.77 seconds x = 10, y = -12 and z = 5
Solution:
1267. annual amount or worth. Equivalent i. 3x2 + y3 – z = 3(10)2 + (-12)3 – 5
uniform annual worth of all cash inflows = 300 – 1728 – 5 = -1433
and outflows over estimated life.
ii. 4(x – y2) + z2 = 4[10 – (-12)2] + 52
1268. Two years from now, Pedro will be = -511
two times as old as Juan. If the sum of their x2 102
age 2 years from now is 60 years, how old is iii. xyz - = 10(-12)(5) - = -620
z 5
Pedro and Juan now?
Solution: iv. xy2 – yz2 = 10(-12)2 – (-12)(5)2 = 1740
P + 2 = 2(J + 2)
P + 2 = 2J + 4 v. 5(y + z2) – 6(x2 + z)
P = 2J + 2 = 5(-12 + 52) – 6(102 + 5) = -565

(P + 2) + (J + 2) = 60 1275. A marble with speed 20 cm/s rolls off

P + 2 + J + 2 = 60 the edge of the table 80 cm high. How far
P + J = 56 (in cm), horizontally, from the edge does the
marble strike the floor?
By substitution, we have
P + J = 56
2J + 2 + J = 56
3J = 54
J = 18

It follows that
P = 2J + 2 = 2(18) + 2 = 38

1269. annual operating cost. Estimated

annual costs to maintain and support an Solution:
1
alternative. y = 2 gt 2
1
1270. Find the distance from the origin to -0.8 m = 2 (−9.8 m/s2 )t 2
the line x + 2y – 12 = 0. t = 0.4041 s
Solution:
Ax1 +By1 +C 1(0)+2(0)−12 x = Vt = 20 cm/s (0.4041 s) = 8.1 cm
d = � √A 2 2
� = � √12 2 � = 5.37
+B +2
1276. A colony of bacteria that grows
1271. book value. Remaining capital according to the law of uninhibited growth
investment in an asset after depreciation is is modelled by the function N(t) = 100e0.045t,
accounted for. where N is measured in grams and t is
measured in days.
1272. Convert the given equation of the line i. Determine the initial amount of bacteria.
to standard form. ii. What is the population after 5 days?
5
y + 5 = − 4 (x − 2)

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 125
iii. How long will it take for the population 1280. Chenlee is as old as Kenneth was four
to reach 140 grams? years ago. In two years, Chenlee’s age will
iv. What is the doubling time for the be eleven more than half of Kenneth’s age.
population? How old is Chenlee now?
Solution:
Solution: C = K – 4 (eq. 1)
N(t) = 100e0.045t 1
C + 2 = 11 + 2 (K + 2) (eq. 2)
where: N = grams and t = days
In eq. 1, solve for K in terms of C then
i. The initial amount of bacteria is obtained
substitute into eq. 2.
when t = 0 days. Substitute,
C=K–4
N(t) = 100e0.045t
K=C+4
N(0) = 100e0.045(0)
N(0) = 100e0 = 100(1) = 100 grams 1
C + 2 = 11 + 2 (K + 2)
1
ii. The population after 5 days is obtained C + 2 = 11 + 2 (C + 4 + 2)
when t = 5 days. Substitute, Multiply both sides of the equation by 2 to
N(t) = 100e0.045t remove denominators. We get
N(5) = 100e0.045(5) = 125.23 grams 2C + 4 = 22 + (C + 4 + 2)
2C + 4 = 22 + C + 6
iii. The number of days to reach a C = 24
population of 140 grams is
N(t) = 100e0.045t 1281. The population of chickens increases
140 = 100e0.045t by 1.5 times a year. If the initial population
1.4 = e0.045t is 200, what is the approximate population
Take the natural logarithm of both sides. of chickens after five years?
ln 1.4 = ln e0.045t Solution:
ln 1.4 = 0.045t ln e an = arn (note: This is not the formula for the
However, ln e = 1 nth term of an arithmetic progression)
ln 1.4 = 0.045t
t = 7.48 days a5 = 200(1.5)5 = 1519 chickens
iv. The population doubles when N(t) = 200 Alternate Solution:
grams. Substitute, year 0 = 200 chickens
N(t) = 100e0.045t year 1 = 200(1.5) = 300 chickens
200 = 100e0.045t year 2 = 300(1.5) = 450 chickens
2 = e0.045t year 3 = 450(1.5) = 675 chickens
Take the natural logarithm of both sides. year 4 = 675(1.5) = 1012.5 chickens
ln 2 = ln e0.045t year 5 = 1012.5(1.5) = 1519 chickens
ln 2 = 0.045t ln e
However, ln e = 1 1282. Twice the greater of two consecutive
ln 2 = 0.045t odd integers is 13 less than three times the
t = 15.403 days lesser number. Find the integers.
Solution:
1277. dihedral angle. The angle between When two odd integers are consecutive,
two intersecting planes. their difference is 2. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, … }
1 3
Let k be the lesser odd integer, then the
1278. Find the quotient: 2 ÷ 8 greater odd integer is k + 2.
Solution:
To find the quotient of two fractions, invert 2(k + 2) = 3k – 13
the divisor then proceed to multiplication. 2k + 4 = 3k – 13
1 3 1 8 8 4 13 + 4 = 3k – 2k
2
÷ 8
= 2
× 3
= 6
= 3 17 = k
1279. Which sentence can be represented by
It follows that, k + 2 = 19
7(x + y) = 35?
a. Seven times x plus y equals 35.
1283. If 3M/2N =125, what is the value of N
b. One seventh of the sum of x and y equals
in terms of M?
35.
Solution:
c. Seven plus x and y equals 35. 3M
d. Seven times the sum of x and y equals 2N
= 125
35. (true) 3M = 2N(125)
3M = 250N

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 126
3M Solution:
N = 250
55.21+110.431+165.634 331.275
Average L = 1+2+3
= 6
1284. Lines in the same plane that do not = 55.2125
intersect and have the same slope are called
7 2
parallel lines. 1291. Find the quotient: 8 ÷ 3
Solution:
1285. A 14 cm inner diameter (i.d.) water
To find the quotient of two fractions, invert
main furnishes water (through intermediate
the divisor then proceed to multiplication.
pipes) to a 1.00 cm i.d. faucet pipe. It the 7 2 7 3 21
average speed in the faucet pipe is 3.0 8
÷ 3 = 8 × 2 = 16
cm/sec, what will be the average speed (in
1
cm/s) it causes in the water main? 1292. For what value of x is > √x > x is
√x
Solution:
true?
The two flows are equal. From the
a. ½ (answer)
continuity equation, we have
b. 0
A1V1 = A2V2
π π c. -2
(14)2 V1 = (1)2 (3) d. 3
4 4
V1 = 0.0153 cm/s
Solution:
8 5 1
> √x > x
1286. Evaluate: � �
−6 2 √ x
Solution: Substitute and use a calculator.
1
Determinant = summation of products x=2
diagonally downward – summation of 1 1 1
products diagonally upward 1
> �2 > 2
8 5 �
2
� � = 8(2) – (-6)(5) = 16 + 30 = 46
−6 2 1.41 > 0.707 > 0.5 (TRUE)

1287. A statement that can be easily proved x=0

using a theorem is often called a corollary. 1
> √0 > 0
√0
1
1288. A job could be done by eleven > √0 > 0 (FALSE).
√0
workers in 15 days. Five workers started the 1
is not a real number.
job. They were reinforced with four more √0
workers at the beginning of the 6th day. Find
the total number of days it took them to x = -2
1
finish the job. > √−2 > −2 (FALSE)
√−2
Solution: 1
and √−2 are not real numbers.
11(15) = 5(5) + 9x √−2
x = 140/9
x + 5 = 140/9 + 5 = 20.56 days x=3
1
> √3 > 3
√3
1289. There are 128 outcomes possible in a 0.577 > 1.732 > 3 (FALSE)
coin toss experiment. What are the number
of coins been tossed together? 1
Solution: The inequality is true only for x = 2.
x = number of coins been tossed together
1293. In the figure below, angle C = 90°:
x
2 = 128
2x = 27
x=7

Hence, 7 coins are tossed together.

1290. A line segment L was measured once,

twice and three times as follows:
L = 55.210 m, 2L = 110.431 m,
3L = 165.634 m. Find the average length.
a. 55.2100 m
b. 55.2113 m i. Find the area of triangle ABD. _________
c. 55.2155 m ii. Find the area of triangle BDC. _________
d. 55.2125 m (answer)
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 127
Solution: iii. M21
iv. M33
v. Co-factor of element 5
vi. A12
vii. A21
viii. A33

3 −1 −1
A = �2 5 1�
4 6 2
Note: M12 means the minor of the element at
the first row and second column.
angle ABD = 180 – 54 = 126° M21 means the minor of the element at
angle ADB = 180 – 38 – 126 = 16° second row and first column.
A12 means the co-factor of the element
By law of sines, at the first row and second
AD 32 column.
sin 126
= sin 16
A21 means the co-factor of the element
32∙sin 126
AD = sin 16
= 93.92 m at the second row and first
column.
By law of sines, Solution.
BD 32 i. To obtain the minor of element 5, we
sin 38
= sin 16
delete the entire row and column containing
32∙sin 38
BD = sin 16
= 71.47 m 5 then get the determinant of the resulting
matirix.
1 3 −1
i. area [ABD] = 2 (AD)(AB)(sin DAB) minor of 5 = � � = 3(2) – 4(-1) = 10
4 2
1
= 2 (93.92)(32)(sin 38)
ii. To obtain M12, delete the first row and
= 925.17 square meters
second column then get the determinant of
CD CD the resulting matrix.
ii. sin 54 = BD = 71.47 2 1
M12 = � � = 2(2) – 4(1) = 0
CD = 57.82 m 4 2

BC BC iii. To obtain M21, delete the second row and

cos 54 = BD = 71.47
first column then get the determinant of the
BC = 42 m resulting matrix.
1 1
area [BDC] = 2 (BC)(CD) = 2 (42)(57.82) 5 1
M21 = � � = 5(2) – 6(1) = 4
= 1214.22 square meters 6 2

−3(−12+8) iv. To obtain M33, delete the third row and

1294. Simplify third column then get the determinant of the
7+(−5)
Solution: resulting matrix.
−3(−12+8)
=
−3(−4)
=
12
=6 3 −1
M33 = � � = 3(5) – 2(-1) = 17
7+(−5) 2 2 2 5

1295. Vicky buys a refrigerator that sells for v. The co-factor of element 5 can be denoted
₱4,800 cash. She pays ₱2,000 down as A22. The co-factor Aij of the element aij is
payment and promises to pay the balance in Aij = (-1)i + jMij where Mij is the minor of
36 monthly equal payments. What is the size element aij.
of her monthly payment, if interest is A22 = (-1)2+2 (10) = 10
charged at 6% compounded monthly?
Solution: vi.
Balance = 4800 – 2000 = 28000 A12 = (-1)1+2 (0) = 0
A[(1+i)n −1]
P= (1+i)n i
0.06 36
vii.
A��1+ � −1� A21 = (-1)2+1 (4) = -4
12
2800 = 0.06 36 0.06
�1+ � � �
12 12
A = ₱85.18 viii.
A33 = (-1)3+3 (17) = 17
1296. Given matrix A. Find:
i. Minor of element 5
ii. M12

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 128
1297. Find the lateral area, surface area and 1301. Find the determinant of matrix A.
volume of the right circular shown. 2 −1 3
A = � 4 −5 6 �
−7 8 −9
Solution:
Copy the elements of the first two columns
to make it five columns as shown.
2 −1 3 2 −1
det. A = � 4 −5 6 � 4 −5�
−7 8 −9 −7 8
Now multiply diagonally downward then get
the sum of the products. Then multiply
diagonally upward then get the sum of the
i. lateral area
products. Sum of products diagonally
ii. surface area
downward minus sum of products
iii. volume
diagonally upward equals the determinant.
Solution:
det. A = [2(-5)(-9) + (-1)(6)(-7) + 3(4)(8)] –
By SOH-CAH-TOA,
10 [(-7)(-5)(3) + 8(6)(2) + (-9)(4)(-1)]
tan 53 = r det. A = (90 + 42 + 96) – (105 + 96 + 36)
10
r = tan 53 = 7.54 det. A = -9

1 2
sin 53 =
10 1302. Find the product: �−2 7� �3 3�
L
10 Solution:
L = sin 53 = 12.52
Convert the mixed fractions to improper
fractions. Then multiply.
1 1 −15
i. LA = 2PbL −2 7 = 7
where Pb = perimeter of the base The denominator remains the same. The
L = slant height numerator is 7(-2) + 1 = -15
1
LA = 2(2π)(7.54)(12.52) = 296.57
2 11
33 = 3
ii. SA = LA + Ab The denominator remains the same. The
where LA = lateral area numerator is 3(3) + 2 = 11
Ab = area of the base
SA = 296.57 + π(7.54)2 = 475.17 1 2 −15 11 −165 −55
�−2 7� �3 3�= � 7
��3 � = 21
= 7
1 1
iii. V = 3 Abh = 3 π(7.54) (10) = 595.35
2
1303. If the lengths of the sides of a triangle
sail are 5m, 8m and 11m. Find the area of
1298. congruent solids. Solids that are the sail.
exactly the same shape and exactly the same Solution:
size. By Heron’s Formula
5+8+11
1299. Two fair coins are tossed s = 2 = 12
simultaneously. What is the probability of
getting only one head? s – a = 12 – 5 = 7
Solution: s – b = 12 – 8 = 4
When 2 coins are tossed, the possible s – c = 12 – 11 = 1
outcomes are: {HH, HT, TH, TT}
The favourable outcomes are: {HT, TH} A = �s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
A = �12(7)(4)(1) = 18.33 m2
number of favorable outcomes
P = total number of possible outcomes
2 1 1304. Find the difference:
P=4=2 3x+4 x−1
x−2
− x−2
1300. What is the Fahrenheit equivalent of Solution:
3x+4 x−1 3x+4−(x−1) 3x+4−x+1
26.5° Centigrade? x−2
− x−2
= =
x−2 x−2
Solution: 2x+5
5 = x−2
°C = 9 (℉ − 32)
5
26.5 = 9 (℉ − 32) 1305. A man travels 4 miles north, 12 miles
°F = 79.7° east, and then 12 miles north. How far, to

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 129
the nearest mile, is he from the starting Now substitute y = 1 in any of the equations.
point? Substituting y = 1 in equation 2 then
Solution: simplifying gives
2x – y = 7
2x – 1 = 7
2x = 8
x=4

Hence, the solution is (x,y) = (4,1)

1307. Write the slope-intercept form of an

equation for the line that passes through
(-1, -2) and is parallel to the graph of
y = -3x – 2.
Solution:
The slope of parallel lines are equal. The
By Pythagorean Theorem, slope intercept form of a line is y = mx + b.
x = √122 + 162 = 20 miles The slope of the line y = -3x – 2 is -3. So

1306. Solve the system of equations. y = mx + b

x + 2y = 6 -2 = -3(-1) + b
�
2x − y = 7 b = -5
Solution:
x + 2y = 6 (eq. 1) Therefore, the equation of the line that
�
2x − y = 7 (eq. 2) passes through (-1, -2) is
y = mx + b
i. By Elimination Method. y = -3x - 5
Multiplying equation by -2 gives
-2x – 4y = -12 (eq. 3) 1308. _______________ At what time after
12:00 noon will the hour hand and the
Adding equation 2 and equation 3 gives minute hand of a clock form an angle of
-5y = -5 120° for the first time?
Dividing both sides by -5 gives Solution:
y=1

Now substitute y = 1 in any of the equations.

Substituting y = 1 in equation 1 then
simplifying gives
x + 2y = 6
x + 2(1) = 6
x=4

Hence, the solution is (x,y) = (4,1).

ii. By Substitution Method.
x + 2y = 6 (eq. 1)
�
2x − y = 7 (eq. 2)
Solve for x in terms of y in equation 1 then
substitute in equation 2.

x + 2y = 6 Let y be the angle formed in a 120 degree

x = 6 – 2y angle. We know that 30 min = 180 degrees,
so
y 30 min
Substitute the above equation in equation 2.
120°
= 180°
2x – y = 7 y = 20 minutes
2(6 – 2y) – y = 7
12 – 4y –y = 7 From the figure,
12 – 7 = 5y x
x = 12 + 20
5 = 5y
y=1 x = 21.818 minutes
Time: 12:21.818

1309. Solve the system of equations.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 130
2x + y − z = 1 and x = 1 in equation 1 then simplifying,
�3x + 2y + z = 10 gives
2x − y + 2z = 6 2x + y – z = 1
Solution: 2(1) + 2 – z = 1
2x + y − z = 1 (eq. 1) 2+2–z=1
�3x + 2y + z = 10 (eq. 2) 4–1=z
2x − y + 2z = 6 (eq. 3) 3=z

Choose any two equations and eliminate any Hence, the solution is (x,y,z) = (1,2,3)
variable. Best way is to eliminate a variable
from the first two equations. If we add the 1310. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is
first two equations we can eliminate z. 34 cm. Find the length of the shorter leg if it
Adding the first two equations gives is 14 cm shorter than the other leg.
5x + 3y = 11 (eq. 4) Solution:
Let the hypotenuse be h and the longer leg
Now we need to eliminate z involving the be x, then the shorter leg is x – 14.
third equation. We can either eliminate z By Pythagorean Theorem,
from equation 3 and equation 1 or from h2 = x2 + (x - 14)2
equation 3 and equation 2. If we multiply 342 = x2 + x2 – 28x + 196
equation 2 by -2 then add the result to 1156 = x2 + x2 – 28x + 196
equation 3, we can eliminate z. Multiplying 2x2 – 28x – 960 = 0
equation 2 by -2, gives x2 – 14x – 480 = 0
-2(3x + 2y + z = 10)
-6x – 4y – 2z = -20 (eq. 5) By the Quadratic Formula, we get
−b±√b2 −4ac 14±�(−14)2 −4(1)(−480)
x= =
2a 2(1)
Adding equations 3 and 5, gives 14±46
-4x – 5y = -14 (eq. 6) = 2 = 7 ± 23
x = 7 + 23 = 30 cm
So the variable z was eliminated from the x = 7 – 23 = -16 cm
three equations. We are down to two
equations (eq. 4 and eq. 6) So the longer leg is 30 cm. It follows that
the shorter leg is
If we multiply equation 4 by 4 and multiply x – 14 = 30 – 14 = 16 cm
equation 6 by 5 then add the resulting
equations, variable x will be eliminated. 1311. angle of elevation. The angle which
Multiplying equation 4 by 4 gives the line of sight to the object, makes with
4(5x + 3y = 11) horizontal, which is above the eye of the
20x + 12 y = 44 (eq. 7) observer.

Multiplying equation 6 by 5 gives 1312. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion

5(-4x – 5y = -14) in the statement below.
-20x – 25y = -70 (eq. 8) “If it is Saturday morning, then Marvin is
going to the gym.”
Adding equations 7 and 8 then simplifying, a. hypothesis: Saturday morning
gives conclusion: Marvin will go to the gym
-13y = -26 b. hypothesis: If it is Saturday morning
y=2 conclusion: then Marvin is going to the
gym
Now substitute y = 2 in any of the equations c. hypothesis: it is Saturday
to solve any variable. conclusion: going to the gym
d. hypothesis: it is Saturday morning
Substituting y = 2 in equation 4 then conclusion: Marvin is going to the gym
simplifying, gives
5x + 3y = 11 1313. Three years ago Juan was 1/5 as old as
5x + 3(2) = 11 his father. Six years from now he will be 1/3
5x + 6 = 11 as old as his father. How old is Juan now?
5x = 5 Solution:
1
x=1 J – 3 = 5 (F − 3)
5J – 15 = F – 3
Now substitute y = 2 and x = 1 in any of the
F = 5J – 12 (eq. 1)
equations to solve for z. Substituting y = 2

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 131
1
J + 6 = 3 (F + 6) does not matter, so this situation represents a
combination of 7 people taken 4 at a time.
3J + 18 = F + 6 n!
3J = F – 12 (eq. 2) n Cr =
(n−r)!r!
7! 7! 7∙6∙5∙4∙3∙2∙1 7∙6∙5
7C4 = (7−4)!4! = 3!4! = 3∙2∙1∙4∙3∙2∙1 = 3∙2∙1
Substituting equation 1 into equation 2 and 210
simplifying, we get = 6
= 35
3J = 5J – 12 – 12
J = 12 years old Note: This can be calculated directly using a
scientific calculator.
xy2
1314. Evaluate , if x = 2.1, y = 1.8 and
z3
z = 2.9 1319. Lines that intersect at right angles are
Solution: called perpendicular lines. _____.
xy2 2.1�1.82 �
= = 0.28 1320. The measure of 1.5 revolutions
z3 2.93
counter clockwise is _____.
1315. A tank is ¾ full of oil. After 65 liters Solution:
of oil are drawn out, the tank is half full. Since it is in a counter clockwise direction,
How many liters can the tank hold? it is positive.
Solution: one revolution = 360°
Let x be the capacity of the tank in liters.
3 3 360°
x − 65 = 4 x 1.5 rev × 1 rev = 540°
4
1
4
x = 65
1321. Find the quotient: -144 ÷ (-6)
x = 260 liters
Solution:
quotient of same signs = positive
1316. Three fair coins are tossed
-144 ÷ (-6) = 24
simultaneously. What is the probability of
getting at least 2 tails?
1322. square root. It is one of two equal
Solution:
factors of a number.
When three coins are tossed, the possible
outcomes are: {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH,
1323.
TTH, THT, HTT, TTT} 3
The favorabale outcomes are: {TTH, THT, i. If sin θ = 5, find sin2 θ.
HTT, TTT} 1
ii. If cos θ = − 2, find cos3 θ.
number of favorable outcomes
P = total number of possible outcomes 1
iii. If cos θ = − 4, find cos2 θ.
4 1
Pat least 2 tails = 8 = 2 4
iv. If tan θ = 3, find tan3 θ.

1317. Three times the greatest of three Solution:

consecutive even integers exceeds twice the 3 2 9
least by 38. What are the integers? i. sin2 θ = �5� = 25
Solution: 1 3 1
ii. cos3 θ = �− 2� = − 8
Let the 3 consecutive even integers be:
x = first even integer 1 2 1
iii. cos2 θ = �− 4� = 16
x + 2 = second even integer
4 3 64
x + 4 = third even integer iv. tan3 θ = �3� = 27

3(x + 4) – 2x = 38 1324. Find the quotient: 108 ÷ (-6)

3x + 12 – 2x = 38 Solution:
x = 38 – 12 = 26 quotient of different signs = negative
108 ÷ (-6) = -18
So the integers are 26, 28 and 30.
1325. A pulley whose diameter is 9 inches is
1318. The students of Engr. Marvin Kalngan connected by a belt to another pulley whose
had to choose 4 out of the 7 people who diameter is 6 inches. If the larger pulley runs
were nominated to serve on the Student at 1200 revolutions per minutes, at how
Council. How many different groups of many revolutions per minutes does the
students could be selected? smaller pulley run?
Solution: Solution:
The order in which the students are chosen The distance travelled by each pulley is the
same. That is, if you rolled each pulley

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 132
along their respective edges, they'd cover the Solution:
same distance. 45 + 0.0625(45) = $47.8125
let C = circumference of big pulley
c = circumference of smaller pulley 1329. _______________ The denominator
x = number of revolutions per minute the of a certain fraction is three more than twice
smaller pulley run the numerator. If 7 is added to both terms of
C(1200) = cx the fraction, the resulting fraction is 3/5.
9π(1200) = 6πx Find the original fraction.
x = 1800 rev. per minute Solution:
Solution:
x
1326. Find the area of the irregular polygon The original fraction is 3+2x.
shown. x+7 3
3+2x+7
=5
x+7 3
10+2x
=5
5x + 35 = 30 + 6x
5=x
So,
x 5 5
3+2x
= 3+2(5) = 13

1330. From the top of tower A, the angle of

elevation on the top of the tower B is 46°.
From the foot of tower B the angle of
elevation on the top of tower A is 28°. Both
towers are on a level ground. If the height of
tower B is 120 m,

i. how high is tower A?

ii. what is the distance between tower A and
Solution: B?
iii. how many meters higher is tower B?

Solution:

Divide the polygon into one triangle and one

trapezoid.
1 1
A[triangle] = 2 bh = 2 ∙ 6 ∙ 3 = 9
h
h tan 28 = x
A[trapezoid] = 2 (base 1 + base 2)
7 h = x tan 28
= 2 (6 + 8) = 49
A[figure] = 9 + 49 = 58 square units 120−h
tan 46 = x
However, h = x tan 28. Substitute.
1327. What is the meaning of ROR?
a. Return of Rate 120−x tan 28
b. Revenue and Rate tan 46 = x
c. Revenue of Return x tan 46 = 120 - x tan 28
d. Rate of Return (answer) x tan 46 + x tan 28 = 120
x = 76.568 m
1328. A concert ticket costs $45. If the sales
tax is 6.25%, what is the total price of the Now solve for h.
ticket? h = x tan 28
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 133
h = 76.568 tan 28 = 40.7 m Solution:
1
16 16.5
Tower B is higher by No. of Pillows = 1
2
= = 11
1 1.5
120 m – 40.7 m = 79.3 m 2

1331. For any triangle, the medians intersect 1338. Going against the wind, the plane can
at a point called centroid. travel 5/8 of the distance it can travel in one
hour if it is going with the wind. If the plane
1332. Given below are matrices A and B. can fly 300 mph in calm wind, what is the
3 −2 4 9 velocity of the wind?
A=� � Solution:
12 10 5 −6
13 −11 1 8 d
B=� � Working formula: V = t
−3 2 7 −6
i. Find A + B. where: V = speed, d = distance, t = time
ii. Find A – B.
Solution: Going with the wind:
d
i. To obtain A + B, add corresponding V+x=1
entries. 300 + x = d (eq. 1)
A+B=
3 −2 4 9 13 −11 1 8
� �+� � Going against with the wind:
12 10 5 −6 −3 2 7 −6 5
d 5
16 −13 5 17 V - x = 81 = 8 d
=� �
9 12 12 −12 5
300 - x = 8 d
ii. To obtain A - B, subtract corresponding 2400 – 8x = 5d (eq. 2)
entries.
A-B= Substitute equation 1 into equation 2.
3 −2 4 9 13 −11 1 8 2400 – 8x = 5(300 + x)
� �-� �
12 10 5 −6 −3 2 7 −6 2400 – 8x = 1500 + 5x
−10 9 3 1
=� � 900 = 13x
15 8 −2 0 3
x = 69 13 mph
1333. For any triangle, the altitudes intersect
at a point called orthocenter. _____. 1339. For any triangle, the perpendicular
bisectors intersect at a point called
1334. Translate the sentence below into an circumcenter.
algebraic equation.
Five times the number “a” is equal to three 1340. In an isosceles right triangle, the
times the sum of “b” and “c”. hypotenuse is how much longer than its
a. 5 + a = 3(a + c) sides?
b. 5a = 3 × a + c Solution:
c. 5a = 3a + 3c An isosceles right triangle has two
d. 5a = 3(b + c) (answer) congruent legs.
Let x = length of leg
1335. There are 252 students in a school. If h = length of hypotenuse
the ratio of female to male students is 3:4,
how many female students and male By Pythagorean Theorem,
students are there? h2 = x2 + x2
Solution: h2 = 2x2
The ratio is 3:4, so the total is 3 + 4 = 7. The Extract the square root of both sides.
number of females is h = √2x
3 1
(252) = 108 h = 2 �2 x
7
and the number of males is
4 1341. When exercising, a person’s pulse rate
(252) = 144
7 should not exceed a certain limit, which
depends on his or her age. This maximum
1336. For any triangle, the angular bisectors
rate is represented by the expression
intersect at a point called incenter._____.
0.8(220 - a), where a is age in years. Find
the age of a person whose maximum pulse is
1337. A girl is making pillows. The pattern
1 152.
states that she needs 1 2 yards of fabric for Solution:
1
each pillow. If she has 16 2 yards of fabric, Let m be the maximum pulse rate.
m = 0.8(220 - a)
how many pillows can she make?
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 134
152 = 0.8(220 - a) 1346. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion
152 = 176 – 0.8a in the statement below.
0.8a = 24 “If 4x + 3 > 27, then x > 6.”
a = 30 years old a. hypothesis: If 4x + 3 > 27
conclusion: then x > 6
1342. The arc length equal to the radius of b. hypothesis: x > 6
the circle is called 1 radian. conclusion: 4x + 3 > 27
c. hypothesis: 4x + 3 > 27
1343. A number like 9, whose square root is conclusion: x > 6 (answer)
a rational number is called a perfect square. d. hypothesis: 4x + 3 < 27
conclusion: x < 6
1344. Marvin has a lampshade with
dimensions as shown. Find the lateral area in 1347. A five pointed star is also known as
square inches. _____.
a. hollywood star
b. pentagon
c. shuriken or ninja star
d. pentagram (answer)

a. 433.77 inches2 1348. formula. An equation that states a

b. 133.77 inches2 rule for the relationship between certain
c. 333.77 inches2 quantities.
d. 233.77 inches2
2y 4y
1349. Find the sum: y−9 + 9−y
Solution:
Solution:
2y 4y 2y 4y 2y 4y
y−9
+ 9−y = y−9 + −y+9 = y−9 + −(y−9)
2y 4y 2y−4y −2y
= y−9 − y−9 = y−9
= y−9

1350. _______________ A boat takes 2/3 as

much time to travel downstream from C to
D, as to return. If the rate of the river’s
current is 8kph, what is the speed of the boat
1 in still water?
LA = 2 Pb L; where LA = lateral area
Solution:
Pb = perimeter of the base 2
tCD = 3 tDC
L = slant height
From, d = Vt
d
By Pythagorean theorem, t=V
L2 = 72 + 82 = 113
L = √113 d 2 d
V+8
= 3 �V−8�
1 3V – 24 = 2V + 16
LA = 2 (2πr)L = πrL = πrL = π(7)( √113)
V = 40 kph
= 233.77 inches2
1351. A sweater is on sale for 35% off the
1345. A father willed that his three sons’s original price. If the original price of the
inheritance from him (starting from eldest) sweater is $38, what is the discounted price?
be in ratio 1:2:3. If the middle sons’s Solution:
inheritance was ₱27,000, how much did the 38 – 0.35(38) = $24.7
third (or youngest) son inherit?
Solution: 1352. _______________ What is the
Let x be the total amount of inheritance. The number of horsepower required to lift
ratio is 1:2:3 so the total of the ratio is 10,000 gallons of water per hour to a height
1+2+3 = 6. of 90 feet? (You may neglect losses.)
2
6
x = 27000 Assume the weight of water to be 8 1/3 lbs
x = ₱81000 per gallon.
Solution:
1
The youngest son inherit 8 lbs
3 10000 gal = 10000 gal × 3
1 gal
(81000) = ₱40500
6 = 83333.33 lbs

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 135
work force×distance 3 2
LCM = 2 *3 *5*7 = 2520
power = time
= time
83333.33 lbs×90 feet
= 60 minutes 1357. trigonometry. An area of
ft−lbs mathematics that involves angles and
= 124999.9995 min
ft−lbs
triangles.
However: 1 hp = 33000 min
1358. Calculate the amount deposited 1 year
So, ago to have ₱2000 now at an interest rate of
ft−lbs 1 hp 5% per year.
power = 124999.9995 min × ft−lbs
33000 Solution:
min
= 3.79 hp total accrued=deposit+deposit(interest rate)
2000 = x + x(0.05) = 1.05x
1353. About 4.9 million households had one x = ₱1904.76
brand of personal computers in 2001. The
use of these computers grew at an average 1359. In mathematics, points are located in
rate of 0.275 million households a year. In reference to two perpendicular number lines
2001, about 2.5 million households used called axes.
another type of computer. The use of these
computers grew at an average rate of 0.7 1360. A spherical steel ball is placed into a
million households a year. How long will it vertical circular cylinder containing water,
take for the two types of computers to be in causing the water level to rise by 12 cm. If
the same number of households? the radius of the cylinder is 15 cm, what is
Solution: the radius of the ball in cm?
Let M = first type of computer Solution:
K = second type of computer The volume of the rise of water in the
cylinder is equal to the volume of the
M = 0.275x + 4.9 (eq. 1) spherical ball.
K = 0.7x + 2.5 (eq. 2) The volume of the rise of water is
Vw = Abh = π(15)2(12) = 8482.3
M=K
0.275x + 4.9 = 0.7x + 2.5 The radius of the spherical ball is
4 3
4.9 – 2.5 = 0.7x – 0.275x
3
πr = 8482.3
x = 5.647 years
r = 12.65 cm
1354. The area bounded by two concentric
1361. The line passing through the focus and
circles is called annulus.
perpendicular to the directrix of a parabola
is called axis of symmetry of parabola.
1355. How many tiles are needed to cover a
bathroom floor 3 m long and 2 m wide if
1362. The equal sides of an isosceles
each tile is a square of side 1 decimeter?
triangle are 24 feet each. The angles
Solution:
opposite the equal sides are 52° each. Find
1 decimeter = 10 cm = 0.1 m
area of floor
the height and the perimeter of the triangle.
No. of tiles = area of one tile Solution:
3(2) Use SOH-CAH-TOA.
No. of tiles = 0.1(0.1) = 600

1356. What is the least positive integer that

is divisible by all whole numbers 1 to 9?
Solution:
Get the LCM of all the whole numbers from
1 to 9. Prime factorize first,
2=2
3=3
4 = 22
5=5 opposite side h
sin 52 = hypotenuse
= 24
6 = 2*3
7=7 h = 24 sin 52 = 18.91 feet
8 = 23
adjacent side m
9 = 32 cos 52 = = 24
hypotenuse

Using the set of prime numbers from the set m = 24 cos 52 = 14.78 feet
2m = 2(14.78) = 29.56 feet
with the highest exponent value, we take

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 136
perimeter = 24 + 24 + 29.56 = 77.56 feet 1368. Points A and B 1000m apart are
plotted on a straight highway running east
1363. A man riding on a motorcycle runs 40 and west. From A, the bearing of a tower C
kph, is followed 5 hrs later by a car which is 32° W of N and from B the bearing of C
runs 60 kph. In how many hours will the car is 26° N of E. Approximate the shortest
overtake the motorcycle? distance of tower C to the highway.
Solution: Solution:

Working Formula:
y
d = Vt; where V = speed, d = distance and tan 26 = 1000−x
t = time y = 1000 tan 26 – x tan 26 (eq. 1)
The total distance travelled by the car and y
tan 58 = x
man are equal. But the man is advance by 5 y
hours. So x = tan 58 (eq. 2)
dcar = dman
60t = 40(5 + t) Substituting equation 2 into equation 1 and
60t = 200 + 40t simplifying, we get
20t = 200 y
y = 1000 tan 26 – tan 58 tan 26
t = 10 hours y tan 26
y + tan 58 = 1000 tan 26
1364. Numbers that cannot be expressed as y = 374 m
terminating or repeating decimals, or in the
a
form b, where a and b are integers and b ≠ 0, 1369. Irrational numbers and rational
are called irrational numbers. numbers together form the set of real
numbers.
1365. Point (-2,6) is the center of a circle
that is tangent to the x-axis. The coordinates 1370. What is the surface area of a sphere
of the point of tangency are _____. whose volume is 36 cu. m.?
a. (-2,0) Solution:
4
b. (0,4) V = 3 πr 3
4
c. (-2,-6) 36 = 3 πr 3
d. (0,-2)
r = 2.048
Solution:
S = 4πr2 = 4π(2.048)2 = 52.7 sq. m.
18
1371. If 5 = x, find 6x + 3.4.
Solution:
18
6� 5 � + 3.4 = 21.6 + 3.4 = 25

1372. Given that w varies directly as the

product of x and y and inversely as the
square of z and that w = 4 when x = 2, y = 6,
and z = 3. Find w when x = 1, y = 4, and z =
2.
Solution:
kxy
1366. capital recovery. Equivalent annual w = z2
cost of owning an asset plus the required k(2)(6)
4=
return on the initial investment. 32
k=3
1367. capitalized cost. Present worth of an 3(1)(4)
alternative that will last forever. w= =3
22

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 137
1373. The x-axis and y-axis separate the Prectangle = Psquare
coordinate plane into four regions, called 6x + 8 = 4x + 12
quadrants. 2x = 4
x=2
1374. What must be the volume of a 5 kg
balloon filled with helium (ρHe = 0.178 It follows that 2x + 4 = 8 and x + 3 = 5
kg/m3) if it is to lift a 30 kg load? Use ρair =
1.29 kg/m3. Arectangle = 2(8) = 16
Solution:
The buoyant force, Vρairg, must lift the Asquare = 52 = 25
weight of the balloon, its load, and the
helium within it: sum of areas = 16 + 25 = 41 square units
Vρairg = (35 kg)(g) + VρHeg
35 kg 35 kg 1380. The pressure in a tank is 50 psi.
V = ρ −ρ = 1.11 kg/m3 = 32 m3
air He i. Find the equivalent pressure head of
water.
1375. What is the distance from point A(3,4)
to point B(-3,-4)? ii. Find the equivalent pressure head of fuel
Solution: oil with specific gravity = 0.92.
By the distance formula, we have
d = �(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2 iii. Find the equivalent pressure head of
d = �(3 + 3)2 + (4 + 4)2 nectar with specific gravity = 2.94.
d = �(6)2 + (8)2 Solution:
i. P = γ(s.g.)h
d = √100 lbs lbs
d = 10 50 in2 = 62.4 ft3 (h)
Check the units. Convert square inches to
1376. Write tan θ in terms of sin θ. square feet. Specific gravity of water is 1.
Solution: lbs 12 in 2 lbs
50 in2 × � 1 ft � = 62.4 ft3 (h)
We know that
sin θ h = 115.38 feet
tan θ = cos θ and sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
ii. P = γ(s.g.)h
cos2 θ = 1 - sin2 θ lbs lbs
50 in2 = �62.4 ft3 � (0.92) (h)
cos θ = ± √1 − sin2 θ
lbs 12 in 2 lbs
50 in2 × � 1 ft � = �57.408 ft3 � (h)
sin θ sin θ sin θ
tan θ = cos θ = =± h = 125.42 feet
± √1 − sin2 θ √1 − sin2 θ

1377. scalene triangle. A triangle in which iii. P = γ(s.g.)h

lbs lbs
no two sides are equal. 50 in2 = �62.4 ft3 � (2.94) (h)
lbs 12 in 2 lbs
1378. Interest earned over a specific period 50 in2 × � 1 ft � = �183.456 ft3 � (h)
of time is expressed as a percentage of the h = 39.25 feet
original amount and is called rate of return
(ROR). 1381. Order the following numbers from
least to greatest.
1379. The perimeters of the rectangle and ����, −√7, 8 , 53
2. 63
square shown are equal. Find the sum of 3 −20
Solution:
their areas.
Convert all the numbers to decimals.
2. �63
��� = 2.636363 …
−√7 = −2.64575
8
3
= 2.6667
53
−20
= −2.65
Solution:
Prectangle = 2L + 2W; where: L = length and
W = width Now, arrange from least to greatest.
= 2(2x + 4) + 2x -2.65 < -2.64575 < 2.636363… < 2.6667
= 4x + 8 + 2x = 6x + 8
So the required arrangement is:
53
Psquare = 4S; where: S = length of side ����, 8
, −√7, 2. 63
−20 3
= 4(x + 3) = 4x + 12

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 138
1382. The shear rate of a fluid is the rate at x – y = -2
which the shear strain within the fluid is -4 – y = -2
changing. y = -2

1383. transformations. These are If x = 2

movements of geometric figures. x – y = -2
2 – y = -2
1384. interest. Amount earned or paid over y=4
time based on an initial amount and interest
rate. Check if (x,y): (-4,-2) and (2,4) are the
solutions of the system.
1385. A rectangular lot 50 feet by 100 feet is x2 + y2 = 20
surrounded in all sides by a concrete walk 5 (-4)2 + (-2)2 = 20
feet wide. Find the number of square feet in 16 + 4 = 20
the surface of the walk. 20 = 20 (The statement is true.)
Solution:
x2 + y2 = 20
(2)2 + (4)2 = 20
4 + 16 = 20
20 = 20 (The statement is true.)

x – y = -2
-4 – (-2) = -2
-4 + 2 = -2
-2 = -2 (The statement is true.)

x – y = -2
2 – 4 = -2
Area of walk = (110)(60) – (100)(50) -2 = -2 (The statement is true.)
= 1600 square feet
So the solutions are (x,y): (2,4) and (-4,-2).
1386. Solve the system of equations.
x 2 + y 2 = 20 1387. A figure is flipped over a line.
�
x − y = −2
a. reflection (ans.)
Solution: b. translation
x 2 + y 2 = 20 (eq. 1) c. dilation
�
x − y = −2 (eq. 2) d. rotation
Solve equation 2 for y, then substitute the
result on equation 1. 1388. A figure is slid in any direction.
x – y = -2 a. reflection
y=x+2 b. translation
c. dilation
x2 + y2 = 20 d. rotation
x2 + (x + 2)2 = 20
x2 + x2 + 4x + 4 = 20 1389. A comparison of two numbers by
2x2 + 4x – 16 = 0 division.
x2 + 2x – 8 = 0 a. extremes
b. means
It is a quadratic equation. c. proportion
4(-2) = -8 (constant in the equation) d. ratio (answer)
4 + (-2) = 2 (coefficient of x in the equation)
So we can factor. 1390. A tank can be filled by pipe A in 3
hours and by pipe B in 5 hours. When the
(x + 4)(x - 2) = 0 tank is full, it can be drained by pipe C in 4
x + 4 = 0, x – 2 = 0 hours.
x = -4, x = 2 i. What is the rate of pipe A?
answer: 1/3
Now substitute the values of x on any of the
original equations. Equation 2 is simplier, so ii. What is the rate of pipe C?
we substitute on equation 2. answer: ¼
If x = -4

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 139
0.4 0.7
iii. If the tank is initially empty and pipe A 1396. In the proportion 0.8 = 1.4, 0.4 and 1.4
& pipe B are open, how many hours will it
are called the extremes.
take to fill up the tank?
Solution:
1 1 1 1397. Convert the following numbers to
iii. A + B = t Roman Numerals.
1 1 1
3
+5= t I = 1; V = 5; X = 10; L = 50; C = 100;
D = 500; M = 1000
t = 1.875 hours
Solution:
iv. If the tank is half full and pipe A & pipe
i. 47 = 40 + 7 = XLVII
C are open, how many hours will it take to
ii. 398 = 300 + 90 + 8 = CCCXCVIII
fill up the tank?
iii. 1999 = 1000 + 900 + 90 + 9
Solution:
1 1 1/2 = MCMXCIX
iv. A − C = t iv. 2019 = 2000 + 10 + 9 = MMXIX
1 1 0.5
3
−4= t v. 2435 = 2000 + 400 + 30 + 5
= MMCDXXXV
t = 6 hours
0.4 0.7
v. If the tank is initially empty and all three 1398. In the proportion 0.8 = 1.4, 0.8 and 0.7
pipes are open, how many hours will it take are called the means.
to fill up the tank?
Solution: 1399. An engineering company borrowed an
1 1 1 1
v. A + B − C = t amount of $500,000 to retrofit an
1 1 1 1 environmentally unfriendly building. The
3
+5−4= t loan is for 4 years at 10% per year simple
t = 3.529 hours interest. How much money will the firm
repay at the end of 4 years?
1391. A figure is turned around a point. Solution:
a. reflection F = P(1 + in)
b. translation = 500000[1 + 0.1(4)]
c. dilation = $700,000
d. rotation (ans.)
1400. In 1990, 253 million people visited
1392. life or estimated life. Number of theme parks in the United States. In 2000,
years or periods over which an alternative or the number of visitors increased to 317
asset will be used. million people. What was the percent of
increase?
1393. A figure is enlarged or reduced. Solution:
a. reflection The increased is 317 M – 253 M = 64 M
b. translation 64
The % of increased is 253 × 100% = 25.3%
c. dilation (ans.)
d. rotation
1401. Point C is ¾ of the way from A(1,-4)
to B(-3,8). Determine the abscissa and
1394. proportion. An equation stating that
ordinate of point C.
two ratios are equal.
Solution:
Point C divides the line segment AB in the
1395. The width of a rectangle is 4/5 its
ratio 3:1. That is, ¾ of the way from A to B.
length. If its perimeter is 72, what is its
area?
Solution:
P = 2L + 2W
4
However, P = 72 and W = 5 L
4
72 = 2L + 2�5 L� For the abscissa:
AC 3 1−x 1−x
8 = 1 = x−(−3) = x+3
72 = 2L + 5 L CB
3 1−x
L = 20 1
= x+3
3(x + 3) = 1(1 - x)
4 4
W = 5 L = �5�(20) = 16 3x + 9 = 1 – x
4x = -8
A = LW = 20(16) = 320 x = -2

For the ordinate:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 140
AC 3 −4−y The lowest factor common to them is 2.
CB
=1= y−8
3(y - 8) = 1(-4 - y) 1407. A math teacher needs to choose 12
3y – 24 = -4 – y students out of 16 to serve as peer tutors. A
4y = 20 group of 7 seniors, 5 juniors, and 4
y=5 sophomores have volunteered to be tutors.
i. How many different ways can the teacher
Therefore, C(-2,5) choose 12 students?
ii. If the students are chosen randomly, what
1402. MCMXCIV is a Roman Numeral is the probability that 4 seniors, 4 juniors,
equivalent to ____. and 4 sophomores will be selected?
Solution: Solution:
I = 1; V = 5; X = 10; L = 50; C = 100; i. The order in which the students are chosen
D = 500; M = 1000 does not matter, so we must find the number
of combinations of 16 students taken 12 at a
Rules: time.
1. When a Roman Numeral is after a bigger n!
n Cr =
number: add (n−r)!r!
Example: VI = 5 + 1 = 6 16! 16! 16∙15∙14∙13∙12!
16C12 = (16−12)!12! = 4!12! = 4∙3∙2∙1∙12!
16∙15∙14∙13
2. When a Roman Numeral is before a = 4∙3∙2∙1
= 1820
bigger number: subtract
Example: IV = 5 – 1 = 4 ii.
7C4 = ways to choose 4 seniors from 7
3. If there is a combination of rule 1 and 2, 5C4 = ways to choose 4 juniors from 5
rule 2 prevails. 4C4 = ways to choose 4 sophomores from 4
MCMXCIV = M + CM + XC + IV
= 1000 + (1000 - 100) + (100 - 10) + (5 - 1) Using the Fundamental Counting Principle,
= 1000 + 900 + 90 + 4 the number of favorable outcomes is
= 1994 (7C4)(5C4)(4C4) = 175
m 24 number of favorable outcomes 175 5
1403. Solve the proportion 15 = 16. P= = 1820 = 52
number of possible outcomes
Solution:
m 24
15
= 16
1408. Which of the following is an equation
15×24 360 of a line that passes through (-3, -2) and is
m= 16
= 16
= 22.5
perpendicular to the graph of x + 4y = 12.
Solution:
1404. least common multiple. The least Convert the given equation of the line to
number that is a common multiple of two or slope intercept form to get the slope.
more numbers.
The slope of the line x + 4y = 12 is:
1405. An office equipment costing ₱42,000 x + 4y = 12
depreciates to ₱11,500 in 10 years. What is 4y = -x + 12
the annual depreciation? 1
y = −4x + 3
Solution: By Straight Line Depreciation 1
d= N
B−SV m = −4
where: d = annual depreciation
B = first cost or initial cost or cost The slopes of perpendicular lines are
basis of the asset negative reciprocals. So the slope of the
N = depreciable life or recovery second line is 4.
period of the asset in years
From point slope form of an equation of the
42000−11500 line,
d= 10
= ₱3050 y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y + 2 = 4(x + 3)
1406. What is the lowest common factor of y + 2 = 4x + 12
10 and 32? y = 4x + 10
Solution:
Prime factorization of 10: 1409. Convert the following Roman
10 = 2*5 Numerals to numbers.
Prime factorization of 32: i. XXXVI = __________
32 = 25 = 2*2*2*2*2 ii. MCCCLVII = __________

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 141
iii. DCCCXLVI = __________ (x−3)2 (y−2)2
+ =1
iv. MMDXLIX = __________ 52 22
(x−3)2 (y−2)2
v. DCXLVIII = __________ + =1
25 4

Solution: 1412. The ratio of two measurements having

I = 1; V = 5; X = 10; L = 50; C = 100; different units of measure is called rate.
D = 500; M = 1000 Solution:
Numbers greater than 1,000 are formed by
placing a dash over the symbol, meaning
"times 1,000":
� = 5,000
V
� = 10,000
X
L� = 50,000
C� = 100,000
D� = 500,000
M� = 1,000,000

i. XXXVI = 30 + 6 = 36
ii. MCCCLVII = 1000 + 300 + 50 + 7
= 1357
iii. DCCCXLVI = 500 + 300 + 40 + 6
= 846
iv. MMDXLIX = 2000 + 500 + 40 + 9
= 2549
v. DCXLVIII = 500 + 100 + 40 + 8 = 648

1410. Plumber A is 8% taller than plumber

B, plumber B is 9% taller than plumber C.
How much in % is plumber A taller than If the major-axis is vertical, “a” is with y2
plumber C? because “a” is parallel with the y-axis. The
Solution: standard equation at center C(h,k) is
A = 1.08B (eq. 1) (x−h)2 (y−k)2
+ a2 = 1
B = 1.09C (eq. 2) b2
a is always greater than b
Substitute eq. 2 into eq. 1. We get
A = 1.08B = (1.08)(1.09C) Susbtituting, we get
(x−3)2 (y−2)2
A = 1.1772C + =1
22 52
(x−3)2 (y−2)2
+ =1
Therefore, plumber A is taller by 4 25
0.1772(100%) = 17.72% than plumber C.
1413. Given is an ellipse with center at
1411. Given is an ellipse with center at C(3,2), with a = 5 and with b = 2. If the
C(3,2), with a = 5 and with b = 2. If the major axis is vertical, what is the equation of
major axis is horizontal, what is the equation this ellipse?
of this ellipse? Solution:
Solution:

If the major-axis is horizontal, “a” is with x2

because “a” is parallel with the x-axis. The
standard equation at center C(h,k) is
(x−h)2 (y−k)2
+ b2 = 1
a2
a is always greater than b

Susbtituting, we get

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 142
2
If the major-axis is vertical, “a” is with y Use each prime factor the greatest number
because “a” is parallel with the y-axis. The of times it appears in any of the
standard equation at center C(h,k) is factorizations.
(x−h)2 (y−k)2
+ a2 = 1
b2 LCM = 2∙32∙5∙m2∙b3 = 90m2b3
a is always greater than b
1419. A 75 feet flagpole casts a shadow 43
Susbtituting, we get feet long. What is the angle of elevation of
(x−3)2 (y−2)2
+ =1 the sun from the tip of the shadow?
22 52
(x−3)2 (y−2)2 Solution:
+ =1
4 25

1414. rational expression. An algebraic

fraction whose numerator and denominator
are polynomials.

1415. Find the measure of the missing angle.

Solution:
Let x be the missing angle. By the Exterior opposite side 75
tan θ = adjacent side = 43
Angle Theorem, we have
-1 75
x = 60 + 40 = 100 degrees θ = tan 43
= 60.17°

1416. The viscosity of a fluid is a measure 1420. Find the values of x if 5 - 2x = 7.

of how large a shear stress is required to Solution:
produce a shear rate of one. 5 - 2x = 7
5 – 7 = 2x
1417. Factor the polynomial 12y2 + 16y -2 = 2x
completely. -1 = x
Solution:
Find first the greatest common factor. 1421. A ratio or rate called a scale is used
12y2 = 2 × 2 × 3 × y × y when making a model or drawing of
16y = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × y something that is too large or too small to be
conveniently drawn at actual size.
The GCF of two or more integers is the
product of the prime factors common to the 1422. Express each of the following in terms
integers. The prime factors common to them of other angular measures.
are 2, 2 and y. So the GCF is Solution:
GCF = 2 × 2 × y = 4y 1 rev
i. 28° = (28°) � 360° � = 0.078 rev
2π rad
By the distributive property, the completely 28° = (28°) � 360°
� = 0.49 rad
factored form of 12y2 + 16y is 4y(3y + 4).
1 rev rev 360° deg
1418. Find the least common multiple of ii. 4 s
= �0.25 s
� �1 rev� = 90 s
15m2b3 and 18mb2. 1 rev rev 2π rad π rad
4 s
= �0.25 s
� � 1 rev � = 2 s
Solution:
Find the prime factors of each coefficient
1423. The scale for a map is 2 inches = 9
and variable expression.
miles. If the distance between two places on
15m2b3 = 3 ∙ 5 ∙ m ∙ m ∙ b ∙ b ∙ b
that map is 1 and ¾ inches, what is the real
18mb2 = 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 3 ∙ m ∙ b ∙ b
or actual distance between the two places in
miles?
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 143
Let h represent the actual or real distance By Pythagorean theorem,
between the two places. L2 = 22 + 22 = 8
L = √8
By ratio and proportion,
h 9 miles 1
1.75 inches
= 2 inches
i. LA = 2 Pb L; where LA = lateral area
1.75 inches(9 miles)
h= = 7.875 miles Pb = perimeter of the base
2 inches
L = slant height
1424. A boy plans to borrow ₹20,000 from a 1
bank for 1 year at 9% interest. Compute the LA = 2 (2πr)L = πrL = πrL = π(2)( √8)
interest and the total amount due after 1 = 17.77 m2
year. ii. SA = LA + Ab; where SA = surface area
Solution: LA = lateral area
interest = ₹20,000(0.09) = ₹1800 Ab = area of the base

total amount due after 1 year SA = 17.77 + πr2 = 17.77 + π(2)2 = 30.34m2
= ₹20,000 + ₹1800 = ₹21,800
1
iii. V = 3 Abh; where V = volume
1425. If three secretaries can type six
Ab = area of the base
manuscripts in 12 days, how many days will
h = height
it take two secretaries to type three such 1
manuscripts? V = 3 [π(2) ](2) = 8.38 m3
2

Solution:
Let m = manuscript, s = secretary and 1428. If two solids are similar with a scale
d = days factor of a:b, then the surface areas have a
ratio of _____, and the volumes have a ratio
6m  3s  12d of _____.
1m  3s  12d/6 = 2d a. 2a2:3b2 and 2a3:3b3
1m  1s  2d(3) = 6d b. a3:b3 and a2:b2
3m  1s  6d(3) = 18d c. 2a2:b2 and 2a3:b3
3m  2s  18d/2 = 9d d. a2:b2 and a3:b3 (answer)

1426. Marvin goes on a 30-mile bike ride 1429. In most financial and economic
every Saturday. He rides the distance in 4 analyses, we use _____ calculations.
hours. At this rate, how far can he ride in 6 a. none of these
hours? b. simple interest
Solution: c. compound interest (interest)
Let x = distance Marvin can travel in 6 d. either a or b
hours
1430. In how many ways can 11 women be
By ratio and proportion, seated in a round table with eleven seats?
x 30 miles Solution:
6 hours
= 4 hours
The number of ways to arrange n distinct
x = 45 miles objects along a fixed (i.e., cannot be picked
up out of the plane and turned over) circle is
1427. In a construction site, Engr. Marvin Pn = (n - 1)!
Kalngan measured the height and diameter P11 = (11 - 1)! = 10! = 3,628,800
of a pile of sand. He found out that the
height of the pile of sand is 2 meters and the 1431. What is the product of the row vector
diameter is 4 meters. Find the lateral area, M and column vector K?
surface area, and volume of the pile of sand. M = [3 − 7 2]
Solution: 2
K = �−8�
1
Solution:
2
MK = [3 − 7 2] �−8�
1
MK = 3(2) + (-7)(-8) + 2(1) = 64

1432. abscissa. It represents the distance of

a point from the y-axis.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 144
1433. As shown in the figure, a column of 1435. Three pipes are used to fill a pool with
water 40 cm high supports a 31-cm column water. One pipe alone can fill the pool in 9
of an unknown liquid. What is the density of hours. Another can fill it in 6 hours. The
that liquid? _______________ third can fill it in 3 hours. How many
minutes will it take to fill this pool if all
three pipes are used simultaneously?
Solution:
1 1 1 1
A
+ B
+ C
= t
1 1 1 1
9
+6+3= t
t = 1.63 hours
or
t = 98 minutes

1436. Find the sum: XIV + XXI

Solution:
I = 1; V = 5; X = 10; L = 50; C = 100;
D = 500; M = 1000
Numbers greater than 1,000 are formed by
Solution: placing a dash over the symbol, meaning
The pressures at point A due to the two "times 1,000":
fluids must be equal (or the one with the � = 5,000
V
higher pressure would push the lower- � = 10,000
X
pressure fluid away). Therefore, L� = 50,000
P1 = P2 C� = 100,000
ρ1gh1 = ρ2gh2 D� = 500,000
ρ1h1 = ρ2h2 M� = 1,000,000
(1000 kg/m3)(0.4 m) = ρ2(0.31 m)
ρ2 = 1290.32 kg/m3 XIV + XXI = 14 + 21 = 35
35 = XXXV
1434. _______________ An engineer was
told that a survey had been made on a 1437. The region of a circle bounded by an
certain rectangular field but the dimensions arc and a chord is called a segment of a
had been lost . An assistant remembered that circle.
if the field had been 100 ft longer and 25 ft
narrower, the area would have been 1438. compound interest. The interest
increased by 2500 square ft, and that if it accrued for each interest period is calculated
had been 100 ft shorter and 50 ft wider, the on the principal plus the total amount of
area would have been decreased 5000 square interest accumulated in all previous periods.
ft. What was the area of the field? Also called, interest on top of interest.
Solution:
A = xy 1439. The Reynolds Number is a
dimensionless number that applies to a fluid
(x + 100)(y - 25) = xy + 2500 of viscosity η and density ρ flowing with
xy – 25x + 100y – 2500 = xy + 2500 speed υ through a pipe (or past an obstacle)
100y – 25x = 5000 with diameter D.
x = 4y – 200
1440. A single deck of playing cards is
(x – 100y)(y + 50) = xy – 5000 shuffled well. One card is drawn followed
xy + 50x – 100y – 5000 = xy – 5000 by another. What is the probability of
50x = 100y getting two Aces?
x = 2y Solution:
A single deck of playing has 52 cards. It has
Equate: x = x 4 Aces. The probability of getting two Aces
4y – 200 = 2y is
2y = 200 4 3 1
P = 52 × 51 = 221
y = 100 ft
−7a2 b3 c4
It follows that. 1441. Simplify 28a5 b2c2
x = 200 ft Solution:
−7a2 b3 c4 −1bc2 −bc2
= =
So the area is (200)(100) = 20000 square ft. 28a5 b2 c2 4a3 4a3

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 145
−7 −1 a2 1 b3 b power shortage and the wood must be cut by
Strategy: 28
= 4
; a5 = a3 ; b2 = 1 = b;
hand saw. How many minutes must the man
c4 c2
= = c2 work to complete the task?
c2 1
Solution:
1 job
Hint: Laws of Exponents machine = 6 minutes
1 job
man = 18 minutes
1442. The bob of a pendulum 90 cm long
swings through a 15 cm arc, as shown in the
1 job 1 job
figure below. Find the angle θ, in radians 4 min �6 min� + x min �18 min� = 1 job
and in degrees, through which it swings. 4 x
6
+ 18 = 1
x = 6 minutes

1446. A car requires 5 gallons of gasoline to

travel 120 miles. How much gasoline will
the car need for a 350-mile trip?
Solution:
Let v represent the amount of gasoline the
car need for a 350-mile trip.

By ratio and proportion,

v 5 gallons
350 miles
= 120 miles
350 miles (5 gallons)
v= 120 miles
= 14.58 gallons

Solution: 1447. Given matrix X and Y. Find the

c = rθ where: c = arc length, r = radius and product XY.
θ = central angle in radians 2 4 −1
X=� �
5 8 0
2 5 1 4
15 = 90θ
Y=� 4 8 0 6�
θ = 0.17 rad
−3 1 −2 −1
θ
Solution:
c= (2πr) In order to multiply two matrices, the
360
where: c = arc length, column of the first matrix must be equal to
r = radius the rows of the second matrix. In this
θ = central angle in degrees exercise, there are 3 columns on the first
θ matrix and 3 rows on the second matrix, so
15 = 360 (2π)90
we can multiply. The dimension of the
θ = 9.5° product is the number of rows of the first
matrix by the number of columns of the
1443. In 1987, the United States had 2 second matrix. In this exercise the
million active-duty military personnel. By dimension of the product must be 2 x 4.
2000, there were only 1.4 million active- 2 4 −1
duty military personnel. What was the X=� �
5 8 0
percent of decrease? 2 5 1 4
Solution: Y=� 4 8 0 6�
decrease = 2M – 1.4M = 0.6M −3 1 −2 −1
0.6
% of decrease = 2 × 100% = 30% 2 5 1 4
2 4 −1
XY = � �� 4 8 0 6�
5 8 0
−3 1 −2 −1
1444. An employee borrows $10,000 on a b c d
XY = � �
April 4 and must repay a total of $10,700 e f g h
exactly 1 year later. Determine the interest a = (Row 1 of X)(Column 1 of Y)
amount and the interest rate paid. a = 2(2) + 4(4) + (-1)(-3) = 23
Solution:
interest amount = $10,700 - $10,000 = $700 b = (Row 1 of X)(Column 2 of Y)
b = 2(5) + 4(8) + (-1)(1) = 41
700
interest rate = 10000 × 100% = 7%
c = (Row 1 of X)(Column 3 of Y)
1445. A machine can cut some wood in 6 c = 2(1) + 4(0) + (-1)(-2) = 4
minutes, and a man using a hand saw can do
it in 18 minutes. After 4 minutes there is a d = (Row 1 of X)(Column 4 of Y)

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 146
d = 2(4) + 4(6) + (-1)(-1) = 33 (50)(32) = 1600

e = (Row 2 of X)(Column 1 of Y) If the two numbers (16 and 48) is

e = 5(2) + 8(4) + 0(-3) = 42 eliminated, the sum of the 48 numbers is
1600 – 16 – 48 = 1536
f = (Row 2 of X)(Column 2 of Y)
f = 5(5) + 8(8) + 0(1) = 89 The average of the 48 numbers is
1536/48 = 32
g = (Row 2 of X)(Column 3 of Y)
g = 5(1) + 8(0) + 0(-2) = 5 1451. Given matrices A and B, find the
product AB and BA.
h = (Row 2 of X)(Column 4 of Y) 1 0
2 1 3
h = 5(4) + 8(6) + 0(-1) = 68 A=� �; B = �2 1�
1 −1 0
3 2
23 41 4 33 Solution:
XY = � � 1 0
42 89 5 68 2 1 3
A=� �; B = �2 1�
1 −1 0
1448. One spherical ball has a diameter of 4 3 2
inches and another has a diameter of 20
inches. i. To find AB, let’s see if the columns of A
i. Find the scale factor of the two spheres. is equal to the rows of B. Matrix A has 3
ii. Find the ratio of the areas of the two columns and matrix B has 3 rows, so we can
spheres. multiply. The dimension of the product is
iii. Find the ratio of the volumes of the two rows of A by columns of B. Matrix A has 2
spheres. rows and matrix B has 2 columns, therefore,
Solution: AB is a 2 x 2 matrix.
1 0
i. The scale factor is the ratio of the 2 1 3 a b
AB = � � �2 1 � = � �
corresponding linear measures of the 1 −1 0 c d
spheres. 3 2
diameter of the small sphere 4 a = (Row 1 of A)(Column 1 of B)
scale factor = diameter of the larger sphere = 20 a = 2(1) + 1(2) + 3(3) = 13
1
=5
b = (Row 1 of A)(Column 2 of B)
b = 2(0) + 1(1) + 3(2) = 7
ii. The ratio of the surface areas of two
similar spheres is the ratio of the squares of c = (Row 2 of A)(Column 1 of B)
their corresponding linear measures. Or if c = 1(1) + (-1)(2) + 0(3) = -1
the scale factor is a:b, the ratio of the surface d = (Row 2 of A)(Column 2 of B)
areas is a2:b2. d = 1(0) + (-1)(1) + 0(2) = -1
surface area of the small sphere 12 1
surface area of the larger sphere
= 52 = 25
13 7
AB = � �
iii. The ratio of the volumes of two similar −1 −1
spheres is the ratio of the cubes of their ii. i. To find BA, let’s see if the columns of
corresponding linear measures. Or if the B is equal to the rows of A. Matrix B has 2
scale factor is a:b, the ratio of the volumes is columns and matrix A has 2 rows, so we can
a3:b3. multiply. The dimension of the product is
surface area of the small sphere 13 1
surface area of the larger sphere
= 53 = 125 rows of B by columns of A. Matrix B has 3
rows and matrix A has 3 columns, therefore,
1449. Write sec θ tan θ in terms of sin θ and BA is a 3 x 3 matrix.
cos θ, then simplify.
1 0 a b c
Solution: 2 1 3
1 sin θ BA = �2 1� � � = �d e f �
We know that sec θ = cos θ and tan θ = cos θ 1 −1 0 g h i
3 2
1 sin θ sin θ
sec θ tan θ = cos θ × cos θ
= cos2 θ a = (Row 1 of B)(Column 1 of A)
a = 1(2) + 0(1) = 2
1450. The arithmetic mean of 50 numbers is
32. If two numbers namely 16 and 48 are b = (Row 1 of B)(Column 2 of A)
eliminated. Determine the new arithmetic b = 1(1) + (0)(-1) = 1
mean.
Solution: c = (Row 1 of B)(Column 3 of A)
The total sum of the 50 numbers is c = 1(3) + 0(0) = 3

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 147
d = (Row 2 of B)(Column 1 of A) 0.9x + 15 – 0.75x = 15.6
d = 2(2) + 1(1) = 5 x=4
e = (Row 2 of B)(Column 2 of A)
e = 2(1) + 1(-1) = 1 1456. A regular hexagon is inscribed in a
circle or radius 7 units. A point is chosen at
f = (Row 2 of B)(Column 3 of A) random inside the circle. Find the
f = 2(3) + 1(0) = 6 probability that the chosen point lies on the
shaded part.
g = (Row 3 of B)(Column 1 of A)
g = 3(2) + 2(1) = 8

h = (Row 3 of B)(Column 2 of A)
h = 3(1) + 2(-1) = 1

i = (Row 3 of B)(Column 3 of A)
i = 3(3) + 2(0) = 9
Solution:
2 1 3
BA = �5 1 6�
8 1 9

1452. Seth earns $152 in 4 days. At that rate,

how many days will it take him to earn
$532?
Solution:
s = number of days for Seth to earn $532
θ 60
Area[sector] = 360 πr 2 = 360 π(7)2
By ratio and proportion,
s 4 = 25.656
532
= 152
s = 14 days √3 √3
Area[equilateral triangle] = 4 s2 = 4
(7)2
1453. conjugate arcs. Two arcs of a circle = 21.218
whose sum is a complete circle.
A[segment] = A[sector] - A[equilateral triangle]
1454. What is MMXIX – XLVII? = 25.656 − 21.218 = 4.438
Solution:
θ
MMXIX = 2019 Area[circle] = 360 πr 2 = π(7)2 = 153.938
XLVII = 47
2019 – 47 = 1972 A[segment] 4.438
1972 = 1000 + 900 + 70 + 2 P[shaded] = A[circle]
= 153.938 = 0.0288
= MCMLXXII ≈ 3%

1455. How many quartz of a 90% solution 1457. A chord of a sphere is a segment with
of alcohol should be mixed with a 75% endpoints that are points on the sphere.
solution of alcohol in order to make 20
quarts of 78% solution? 1458. prism. It is a polyhedron of which
Solution: two faces are equal polygons in parallel
planes and the other faces are
parallelograms.

x + y = 20 (eq. 1) 1459. A fan turns at a rate of 900 rpm (i.e.,

0.9x + 0.75y = 0.78(20) rev/min).
0.9x + 0.75y = 15.6 (eq. 2) i. Find the angular speed of any point on one
of the fan blades.
Solve for y in terms of x in eq. 1 then ii. Find the tangential speed of the tip of a
substitute in eq. 2 blade if the distance from the center to the
x + y = 20 tip is 20 cm.
y = 20 – x
Solution:
Substitute the above equation in equation 2. rev rev
i. f = 900 min = 15 s = 15 Hz
0.9x + 0.75y = 15.6
0.9x + 0.75(20 - x) = 15.6

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 148
rad
ω = 2πf = 2π(15 Hz) = 94.2 s

ii. The tangential speed is rω, ω must be in

0.8(100) + 0(x) = 0.5(100 + x)
rad/s. Therefore,
80 + 0 = 50 + 0.5x
v = rω = (0.2)(94.2) = 18.84 m/s
x = 60 cm3
1460. One period of a sine or cosine
1466. Find the inverse of matrix A.
function is called one cycle of the sine and 1 2
cosine curve. A=� �
3 5
Solution:
1461.Factor completely 35x – 5xy + 3y – 21 A square matrix A has an inverse if and only
Solution: if the determinant |A| ≠ 0. For a 2 x 2 matrix,
Group terms with common factor. a b
A=� � the inverse is
35x – 5xy + 3y – 21 c d
= (35x – 5xy) + (3y – 21) 1 d −b
A-1 = |A| � �
Factor out the GCF from each grouping. −c a
= (35x – 5xy) + (3y – 21) where |A| is the determinant of A
1 2
=-5x(-7 + y) + 3(y - 7) |A| = � � = 1(5) – 3(2) = -1
=-5x(y - 7) + 3(y - 7) 3 5
1 5 −2 −5 2
= (y - 7)(-5x + 3) A-1 = −1 � �=� �
−3 1 3 −1
1462. Find the sum: 48° 50’ + 72° 27’ 1467. The U-tube device connected to the
Solution: tank shown is called a manometer. As you
48° 50’ can see, the mercury in the tube stands
+ 72° 27’ higher in one side than the other. What is the
120° 77’ pressure in the tank if atmospheric pressure
is 76 cm of mercury? The density of
60 minutes is equal to 1 degree, so we carry mercury is 13.6 g/cm3.
1 degree from the minutes column to the
degrees column.

120° 77’ = 121° 17’

1463. If the product of two factors is 0, then

at least one of the factors must be _____.
a. infinity
b. -1
c. 0 (answer)
d. 1 Solution:
Pressure at A1 = Pressure at A2
1464. Weekend Forecast: Rain Likely to (P in tank) + (P due to 5cm mercury) = (P
Occur due to atmosphere)
Saturday: 40% P + (0.05 m)(13600 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2) =
Sunday: 80% (0.76 m)(13600 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2)
Find the probability that it will rain on P = 94725.36 Pa
Saturday and Sunday.
Solution: 1468. Solve (w - 5)(3w + 4) = 0
If two events, A and B, are independent, Solution:
then the probability of both events occurring Set each factor equal to zero.
is the product of the probability of A and the (w - 5)(3w + 4) = 0
probability of B. w – 5 = 0 or 3w + 4 = 0
PA and B = PA ∙ PB
Solve each equation.
PSaturday and Sunday = PSaturday ∙ PSunday w–5=0
= (0.4)(0.8) w=5
= 0.32 3w + 4 = 0
3w = -4
1465. How much water, in cm3, must be w = -4/3
added to 100 cm3 of 80% solution of boric
acid to reduce it to a 50% solution? w = 5 or -4/3
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 149
The solution set is {5, -4/3}. |A| = 71 – (72) = -1

1469. A chord that contains the center of the a b c

1
sphere is a diameter of the sphere. A = |A| �
-1 d e f�
g h i
1470. What is the volume of the sphere a22 a23 1 1
a = �a a � = � �=4−3=1
whose surface area is 108 sq.m.? 32 33 3 4
Solution: a13 a12
S = 4πr2 3 2
b = �a a � = � �= 9−8 =1
108 = 4πr2 33 32 4 3
r = 2.93 a12 a13 2 3
c = �a a � = � � = 2 − 3 = −1
4 4
22 23 1 1
V = 3πr3 = 3π(2.93)3 = 105.4 sq. m.
a23 a21 1 3
d = �a a � = � � = 10 − 12 = −2
1471. A blueprint for a house states that 2.5 33 31 4 10
inches equals 10 feet. If the length of a wall 6 3
is 12 feet, how long is the wall in the e=� � = 24 − 30 = −6
10 4
blueprint? a13 a11 3 6
f = �a a � = � �=9−6=3
Solution: 23 21 1 3
y = length of the wall in the blueprint
a21 a22 3 1
g = �a a � = � � = 9 − 10 = −1
By ratio and proportion, 31 32 10 3
y 2.5
12
= 10 a12 a11 2 6
h = �a a � = � � = 20 − 18 = 2
y = 3 inches 32 31 3 10

1472. Prisms are classified according to a11 a12 6 2

i = �a a � = � �= 6−6= 0
their bases. 21 22 3 1

1473. Find the inverse of matrix A. a b c 1 1 −1

1 1
6 2 3 A-1 = |A| �d e f � = −1 �−2 −6 3 �
A = � 3 1 1� g h i −1 2 0
10 3 4 −1 −1 1
Solution: =� 2 6 −3�
Given Matrix A. 1 −2 0
a11 a12 a13
A = �a21 a22 a23 � 1474. orthographic drawing / orthogonal
a31 a32 a33 drawing. Represents a three-dimensional
The inverse is object using several two-dimensional views
a22 a23 a13 a12 a12 a13 of the object. (top view, front view, left
⎡� a32 a33 � �a33 a32 � �a22 a23 �⎤ view, rear elevation)
1
⎢ a23 a21 a11 a13 a13 a11 ⎥
A-1 = |A| ⎢ �a a � �a a � �a a � ⎥
⎢ 33 31 31 33 23 21 ⎥ 1475. An alloy of copper and tin is 20%
⎢ a21 a22 a12 a11 a11 a12 ⎥ copper. How many pounds of copper must
⎣ �a a � �a a � �a a � ⎦
31 32 32 31 21 22 be added to 20 pounds of the alloy in order
where: |A| = determinant of A for the resulting alloy to be 50% copper?
Solution:
6 2 3
A = � 3 1 1�
10 3 4
To get |A|, copy the first two columns to
make it five columns as shown. Then 0.2(20) + 1(x) = 0.5(20 + x)
multiply diagonally downward and get the 4 + x = 10 + 0.5x
sum of the products. Then multiply x = 12 lbs
diagonally upward and get the sum of the
products. The sum of products (diagonally 1476. Find the equation of an ellipse whose
downward) minus sum of products foci are at (-1,0) and (3,0) and the length of
(diagonally upward) is the determinant. its minor axis is 2.
6 2 3 6 2
|A| = � 3 1 1� 3 1�
10 3 4 10 3
|A| = [6(1)(4) + 2(1)(10) + 3(3)(3)
- [10(1)(3) + 3(1)(6) + 4(3)(2)]
|A| = [24 + 20 + 27 – (30 + 18 + 24)]
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 150
Solution: cos θ sin θ cos θ+sin θ
= sin θ cos θ + cos θ sin θ = sin θ cos θ

1480. Solve log3 (5x + 7) = 2 for x.

Solution:
log3 (5x + 7) = 2 can be written as
32 = 5x + 7
9 = 5x + 7
2 = 5x
x = 2/5
First draw a sketch, plot the foci. If we
connect the foci, we can see that it is a
1481. Eighteen is what percent of 60?
horizontal line. So the major axis is parallel
Solution:
with the x-axis. The center is at point C(1,0).
18 is x% of 60
The length of the minor axis (2b) is 2, so
18 = x%(60)
2b = 2
x% = 18/60 = 0.3
b=1
x = 0.3(100%) = 30%
The length “c” is the distance from the
Note: “of” means to multiply
center to the focus. From the figure (or by
direct counting)
1482. salvage or resale value. The price
c=2
that can be obtained from the sale of the
property after it has been used.
By Pythagorean Theorem,
a2 = b2 + c2 = 12 + 22 = 5
1483. What percent of 2 is 8?
Solution:
The equation of an ellipse with center at
x% of 2 is 8
C(h,k) and major axis horizontal is
(x−h)2 (y−h)2 x%(2) = 8
+ b2 =1 8
a2 x% = 2 = 4
where: a > b x = 4(100%) = 400%
The equation of the given ellipse is 1484. Perspective. From Latin: perspicere
(x−1)2 (y−0)2
+ =1 'to see through' in the graphic arts is an
5 1
x2 −2x+1 2 approximate representation, generally on a
5
+y =1 flat surface (such as paper), of an image as it
Multiply both sides by 5 to remove is seen by the eye.
denominators and simplify.
x2 −2x+1
� 5 + y 2 = 1� 5 1485. If 4 men can clear the garbage near a
school in 6 hours, how many hours will it
x2 – 2x + 1 + 5y2 = 5
take 12 men working at the same rate to
x2 + 5y2 – 2x - 4 = 0
perform this task?
Solution:
1477. book value. The worth of a property
(12 men)(x hours) = (4 men)(6 hours)
as shown on the accounting records of an
x = 2 hours
enterprise.
1486. sole proprietorship. The most
1478. Solve c2 = 7c.
common business structure type. It is owned
Solution:
and operated by one person, a sole
c2 = 7c
proprietor.
c2 - 7c = 0
c(c - 7) = 0 (Factor out the GCF)
1487. Factor t2 + 6t + 8
c = 0 or c – 7 = 0 (Zero Product Property)
Solution:
c = 0 or c = 7 (Solve each equation)
To factor t2 + 6t + 8, we need to find two
numbers whose sum is 6 and whose product
The solution set is {0, 7}.
is 8.
1 1 factors of 8 sum of product of
1479. Add sin θ + cos θ factors factors
Solution: 1, 8 9 8
To add fractions, the denominators must be 2, 4 6 8
the same. The LCD is sin θ cos θ. From the above table, the correct factors are
1 1 1 cos θ 1 sin θ
+ cos θ = sin θ ∙ cos θ + cos θ ∙ sin θ 2 and 4 because 2 + 4 = 6 and 2 × 4 = 8. So
sin θ
t2 + 6t + 8 = (t + 2)(t + 4)

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 151
You can check by multiplying (t + 2) and (t ii. 4U - 5V = 4〈5, −3〉 - 5〈−6,4〉
+ 4). = 〈20, −12〉 - 〈30, −20〉
= 〈20 + 30, −12 − 20〉
1488. partnership. A business that two or = 〈50, −32〉
more individuals own and operate together.
1495. A vertical pole 6 feet high casts a
1489. A solid with all flat surfaces that shadow 4 feet long. At the same time a tree
enclose a single region of space is called casts a shadow 64 feet long. What is the
polyhedron. height of the tree?
Solution:
1490. Find the value of A if
tan 4A = cot 6A
Solution:
Use the identity: tan θ = cot(90° - θ)
tan 4A = cot(90° - 4A)
tan 4A = cot 6A
cot(90° - 4A) = cot 6A
90° - 4A = 6A
90° = 10A
A = 9°

1491. Subtract 24° 17’ from 90°.

Solution:
To subtract 24° 17’ from 90°, we borrow 1 By similar triangles, we have
degree and write that 1 degree as 60 x 64
6
= 4
minutes.
x = 96 feet
89° 60’
- 24° 17’
1496. A special cereal mixture contains rice,
65° 43’
wheat and corn in the ratio of 2:3:5. If a bag
of the mixture contains 3 pounds of rice,
1492. Clothing store A sells T-shirts in only
how much corn does it contain?
three colors: red, blue and green. The colors
Solution:
are in the ratio of 3 to 4 to 5. If the store has
r:w:c = 2:3:5
20 blue T-shirts, how many T-shirts does it r 2
have altogether? c
=5
Solution: 3 lbs 2
c
=5
r:b:g = 3:4:5
r 3 15 lbs = 2c
b
=4 c = 7.5 lbs
r 3
20
=4
r = 15 1497. Find the least common multiple of
x2 + 8x + 15 and x2 + x – 6.
b 4 Solution:
g
=5 Express each polynomial in a factored form.
20 4 x2 + 8x + 15 = (x + 3)(x + 5)
g
=5
x2 + x – 6 = (x - 2)(x + 3)
20(5) = 4g Use each factor the greatest times it appears.
4g = 100
g = 25 LCM = (x - 2)(x + 3)(x + 5)
Total number of shirts = 20 + 15 + 25 = 60 1498. economic life. The length of time
during which the property may be operated
1493. What is the graph of the equation at a profit.
Ax2 + Bx + Cy2 + Dy + E = 0? ellipse
1499. limited liability company. A
1494. If U = 〈5, −3〉, and V = 〈−6,4〉, find corporate structure whereby the owners are
i. U + V. not personally liable for the company’s
ii. 4U - 5V. debts or liabilities.
Solution:
i. U + V = 〈5, −3〉 + 〈−6,4〉 1500. The first cost of a plumbing
= 〈5 − 6, −3 + 4〉 equipment is ₱ 385,000. It has a life of 8
= 〈−1,1〉 years and a salvage value of ₱ 70,000. Find

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 152
the annual depreciation using straight line 1505. scatter plot. A graph of plotted points
method. that show the relationship between two sets
Solution: of data.
B−SV
d= N
1506. Find each of the following dot
where: d = annual depreciation
products.
B = first cost or initial cost or cost
i. U∙V when U = 〈3,4〉 and V = 〈2,5〉
basis
ii. 〈−1,2〉 ∙ 〈3, −5〉
N = depreciable life or recovery
iii. S∙W when S = 6i + 3j and W = 2i – 7j
period of the asset in years
Solution:
385000−70000 i. U∙V = 3(2) + 4(5) = 6 + 20 = 26
d= 8
= ₱39375 ii. 〈−1,2〉 ∙ 〈3, −5〉 = -1(3) + 2(-5)
= -3 – 10
1501. Find the quotient: (3q2 − 15q) ÷ 3q = -13
Solution: iii. S∙W = 6(2) + 3(-7) = 12 – 21 = -9
(3q2 − 15q) ÷ 3q
3q2 −15q 3q2 15q 1507. Factor y2 – 10y + 16
= 3q
= − = q−5
3q 3q Solution:
To factor y2 – 10y + 16, we need to find two
1502. An engineering company borrows numbers whose sum is -10 and whose
$500,000 at 10% per year compound interest product is 16. To have a sum of negative,
and will pay the principal and all the interest add two negative numbers. So we need to
after 4 years. Compute the total amount due find two negative numbers.
after 4 years.
Solution: factors of 16 sum of product of
F = P(1 + i)n = 500000(1 + 0.1)4 = $732050 factors factors
-1, -16 -17 16
1503. An international calling plan charges a
-2, -8 -10 16
rate per minute plus a flat fee. A10-minute
-4, -4 -8 16
call to the Czech Republic costs $3.19.
From the table above, we see that
A 15-minute call costs $4.29. Find the cost
-2 + -8 = -10 and -2 × -8 = 16. So
of a 12-minute call.
y2 – 10y + 16 = (y - 2)(y - 8)
Solution:
cost=flat fee + (rate per minute)(no. of min.)
1508. Solve: t – 45 ≤ 13.
Solution:
Let x = flat fee and y = rate per minute
t – 45 ≤ 13
Adding 45 to both sides, gives
For the 10 minute call, the equation is
t ≤ 58
x + 10y = 3.19
1509. The standard for a basketball in the
For the 15 minute call, the equation is
National Basketball Association (NBA) is
x + 15y = 4.29
29.5 inches (75 cm) in circumference. Find
the volume of air inside the ball. Neglect the
Subtracting equation 1 from equation 2 and
thickness of the rubber/leather cover.
simplifying, we get
Solution:
y = 0.22
The circumference of a sphere is the
circumference of a great circle.
Substituting y = 0.22 into any of the 2
equations yields C = 2πr
x = 0.99 75 cm = 2πr
r = 11.94 cm
For the 12 minute call, the cost is 4 4
cost12 min = x + 12y = 0.99 + 12(0.22) V = 3 πr 3 = 3 π(11.943 ) = 7130.198 cm3
= $3.63
1510. Factor g2 – 25.
1504. corporation. A form of business Solution:
operation that declares the business as a g2 – 25 is a difference of two squares
separate, legal entity guided by a group of because g2 – 25 = g2 – 52. Every difference
officers known as the board of directors. of two squares maybe factored according to
the identity a2 – b2 = (a - b)(a + b). So
g2 – 25 = (g - 5)(g + 5)

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 153
2
1511. Solve: 5p + 7 > 6p 1516. Factor 10e – 43e + 28.
Solution: a. (5e - 7)(2e - 4)
5p + 7 > 6p b. (2e - 4)(5e - 7)
Subtracting 5p from both sides, gives c. (5e - 4)(2e - 7)
7>p d. (10e - 4)(e - 7)

1512. Write the vector V = 〈3,4〉 in terms of 1517. A _____ to a sphere is a line that
the unit vector i and j. intersects the sphere in exactly one point.
Solution: Solution:
From the origin, we must go three units in By the guess and check or trial and error
the positive x-direction, and then four units method.
in the positive y-direction, to locate the
terminal point of V at (3, 4). Because i is a Try option a:
vector of length 1 in the positive x-direction, Expand and simplify.
3i will be a vector of length 3 in that same (5e - 7)(2e - 4) = 10e2 – 20e -14e + 28
direction. Likewise, 4j will be a vector of = 10e2 – 34e + 28 (This is not the answer)
length 4 in the positive y-direction.
Try option b:
Expand and simplify.
(2e - 4)(5e - 7) = 10e2 – 14e – 20e + 28
= 10e2 – 34e + 28 (This is not the answer)

Try option c:
Expand and simplify.
(5e - 4)(2e - 7) = 10e2 – 35e – 8e + 28
= 10e2 – 43e + 28 (This is the answer)

Hence, (5e - 4)(2e - 7) = 10e2 – 43e + 28.

1518. Factor n2 + n - 12
Solution:
To factor n2 + n - 12, we need to find two
numbers whose sum is 1 and whose product
is -12. Since the product must be a negative,
As shown in the figure above, V is the sum we make a list of the factors of -12, where
of vectors 3i and 4j. Therefore, we can write one factor is negative.
V in terms of the unit vectors i and j as factors of - sum of product of
V = 3i + 4j. 12 factors factors
1, -12 -11 -12
1513. Factor 7u2 + 22u + 3. -1, 12 11 -12
Solution: 2, -6 -4 -12
To factor 7u2 + 22u + 3, we need to find two -2, 6 4 -12
numbers whose sum is 22 and whose 3, -4 -1 -12
product is 7(3) = 21. -3, 4 1 -12
factors of 21 sum of product of From the table above, -3 and 4 has a sum of
factors factors 1 and a product of -12. So
1, 21 22 21 n2 + n – 12 = (n - 3)(n + 4)
3, 7 10 21
7u2 + 22u + 3 1519. Find the product:
= 7u2 + au + bu + 3 (write the pattern) (sin θ + 2)(sin θ - 5)
= 7u2 + 1u + 21u + 3 (a = 1 and b = 21) Solution:
= (7u2 + 1u) + (21u + 3) (group terms with (sin θ + 2)(sin θ - 5)
common factors) = sin2 θ - 5 sin θ + 2 sin θ – 10
= u(7u + 1) + 3(7u + 1) (factor out the = sin2 θ - 3 sin θ – 10
GCF)
= (7u + 1)(u + 3) 1520. In a polyhedron, each flat surface, or
face, is a polygon.
1514. scrap value. The amount the property
would sell for if disposed of as junk. 1521. A belt passes over a wheel of radius
25 cm, as shown. If a point on the belt has a
1515. The term corporation comes from the speed of 5 m/s, how fast is the wheel
Latin corpus, which means body. turning?
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 154
1524. Solve: 3d – 2(8d - 9) > 3 – (2d + 7)
Solution 1:
3d – 2(8d - 9) > 3 – (2d + 7)
Apply distributive property and simplify.
3d – 16d + 18 > 3 - 2d – 7
3d – 16d + 2d > 3 – 7 – 18
-11d > -22
Divide both sides by -11 and reverse the
inequality.
Solution: d<2
A point on the wheel’s circumference (i.e.,
on the belt) is moving at a linear speed υ = Note: If each side of a true inequality is
rω. Hence, multiplied or divided by the same negative
v = rω number, the direction of the inequality
5 = 0.25ω symbol must be reversed so that the
ω = 20 rad/s resulting inequality is also true.

1522. A polynomial that cannot be written Solution 2:

as a product of two polynomials with 3d – 2(8d - 9) > 3 – (2d + 7)
integral coefficients is called a prime Apply distributive property and simplify.
polynomial. 3d – 16d + 18 > 3 - 2d – 7
-13d + 18 > -2d – 4
1523. The mass of a block of aluminum is 18 + 4 > -2d + 13d
25 g. 22 > 11d
Solution: Divide both sides by 11.
i. 2>d
m
ρ= V
0.025 kg 1525. In a polyhedron, the line segments
2700 kg/m3 = V where the faces intersect are called edges.
V = 9.26 × 10-6 m3
1526. Minimum Attractive Rate of Return
ii. (MARR). Also referred to as the hurdle rate,
cutoff rate, benchmark rate, and minimum
acceptable rate of return.

1527. Factor r2 – 7r – 18.

Solution:
To factor r2 – 7r – 18, we need to find two
numbers whose sum is -7 and whose product
is -18. Since the product must be a negative,
we make a list of the factors of -18, where
one factor is negative.
factors of - sum of product of
18 factors factors
1, -18 -17 -18
-1, 18 17 -18
2, -9 -7 -18
The block displaces 9.26 × 10-6 m3 of water -2, 9 7 -18
when submerged, so the buoyant force on it From the table above, 2 and -9 has a sum of
is -7 and a product of -18. So
FB = weight of displaced water r2 – 7r – 18= (r + 2)(r - 9).
= (Volume)(ρ of water)(g)
= (9.26 × 10-6 m3)(1000 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2) 1528. A man climbs 213 meters up the side
= 0.0908 N of a pyramid and finds that the angle of
depression to his starting point is 53°.
The tension in the supporting cord plus the How high off the ground is he?
buoyant force must equal the weight of the
block if it is to be in equilibrium (see
figure). That is, FT + FB = mg, from which
FT = mg - FB
= (0.025 kg)(9.81 m/s2) – 0.0908 N
= 0.154 N

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 155
Solution: “Four times a number is no more than three
times that number plus eight.”
Solution:
Let n be the number.
4n ≤ 3n + 8 (inequality)

Subtracting 3n from both sides, gives

n≤8

1535. When a plane intersects a sphere so

that it contains the center of the sphere, the
intersection is called a great circle.

1536. Solve the system below.

opposite side h 3x − 5y = −16
sin 53° = hypotenuse
= 213 �
2x + 5y = 31
h = 213 sin 53° = 170 m Solution:
3x − 5y = −16 (eq. 1)
a
1529. Solve: 7 ≥ 25 �
2x + 5y = 31 (eq. 2)
Solution:
a
7
≥ 25 Adding equations 1 and 2 gives
Multiplying both sides by 7 gives 5x + 0 = 15
a ≥ 175 5x = 15
x=3
1530. When three planes intersect to form
the three dimensional coordinate system, Substitute x = 3 in equation 1.
eight regions are formed. These regions are 3x – 5y = -16
called octants. 3(3) – 5y = -16
9 – 5y = -16
2 9 + 16 = 5y
1531. Solve: − 5 m < −14 25 = 5y
Solution: y=5
2
− 5 m < −14
Multiplying both sides by 5 gives The solution is (x,y) = (3,5).
-2m < -70
1537. least common denominator. Least
Dividing both sides by -2 gives common multiple of the denominators of
m > 35 (The inequality is reversed.) fractions.

Note: If each side of a true inequality is 1538. Find the angle between the vectors U
multiplied or divided by the same negative and V.
number, the direction of the inequality i. U = 〈2,3〉 and V = 〈−3,2〉
symbol must be reversed so that the ii. U = 〈6i − j〉 and V = 〈i + 4j〉
resulting inequality is also true. Solution:
U∙V 2(−3)+3(2) −6+6
i. cos θ = |U||V| = 2 2 2 2
=
√2 +3 ∙�(−3) +2 √13∙√13
1532. Find the quotient: 0
(p2 + 10p + 12) ÷ 5p = 13
0
Solution: θ = cos-1 13 = cos-1 0 = 90°
(p2 + 10p + 12) ÷ 5p
p2 + 10p + 12 p2 10p 12
= 5p
= 5p
+ 5p
+ 5p U∙V
ii. cos θ = |U||V| =
6(1)+(−1)(4)
�62 +(−1)2 ∙√12 +42
p 12
= 5
+ 2 + 5p =
6−4
=
2
√37∙√17 25.08
-1 2
θ= cos 25.08 = 85.36°
1533. A 10 meter tape is 5 mm short. What
is the correct length in meters?
Solution: 1539. Twice one number added to another
5 number is 18. Four times the first number
The correct length is 10 - 1000 = 9.995 m
minus the other number is 12. Find the
numbers.
1534. Write an inequality for the sentence Solution:
below. Then solve the inequality x = fist number
y = second number
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 156
2x + y = 18 (eq. 1) 2M < 6
4x – y = 12 (eq. 2) M<3

Adding the two equation, gives This means that Marvin scored less than 3
6x + 0 = 30 goals, which means he could have scored 0,
6x = 30 1, or 2 goals.
x=5 Lee scored 3 more goals than Marvin did, so
Lee could have scored 3, 4, or 5 goals.
Now substitute 5 for x in any of the original
equations. In this problem, we substitute in 1544. In a polyhedron, edges intersect at a
equation 2. point called a vertex.
4x – y = 12
4(5) – y = 12 1545. In order to build a new warehouse
20 – y = 12 facility, a construction company borrowed
20 – 12 = y $1.6 million at 10% per year interest. If the
8=y company repaid the loan in a lump sum
amount after 2 years, find:
The numbers are 5 and 8. (i) the amount of the payment
(ii) the amount of interest
1540. Find the surface area of a baseball Solution:
with a circumference of 9 inches to i. F = P(1 + i)n = 1,600,000(1 + 0.1)2
determine how much leather is needed to = $1,936,000
cover the ball.
Solution: ii. I = F – P = $1,936,000 - $1,600,000
The circumference of a sphere is the = $336,000
circumference of a great circle.
C = 2πr 1546. Solve: 4(n - 1) < 7n + 8
9 = 2πr Solution:
r = 1.4 inches 4(n - 1) < 7n + 8
4n – 4 < 7n + 8
SA = 4πr2 = 4π(1.4)2 = 24.63 square inches -8 – 4 < 7n – 4n
-12 < 3n
1541. Solve h2 + 5h = 6. -4 < n
Solution:
h2 + 5h = 6 1547. Determine the distance between
h2 + 5h – 6 = 0 (6,0,0) and (-2,4,2).
(h - 1)(h + 6) = 0 (Factor) Solution:
h–1 = 0 or h+6 = 0 (Zero Product Property) The distance formula in space is given by
h = 1 or h = -6 (Solve each equation) d = �(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2 + (z2 − z1 )2
The solution set is {1, -6}. d = �(6 + 2)2 + (0 − 4)2 + (0 − 2)2
d = √64 + 16 + 4 = √84 = 2√21
1542. Half of a sphere is called hemisphere.
1548. significant figures. A way of
1543. Marvin and Lee play in the same expressing numbers that are too big or too
soccer team. Last Saturday Lee scored 3 small to be conveniently written in decimal
more goals than Marvin, but together they form. It is written in the form m × 10n .
scored less than 9 goals. What are the
possible number of goals Lee scored? 1549. The moment of inertia of a body is a
Solution: measure of the rotational inertia of the body.
L = number of goals Lee scored
M = number of goals Marvin scored 1550. A box contains 8 red marbles, 12 blue
L = M + 3: Lee scored 3 more goals than marbles, 9 yellow marbles, and 11 green
Marvin marbles. Three marbles are randomly drawn
from the box and not replaced. Find each
M + L < 9: Together they scored less than 9 probability if the marbles are drawn in the
goals order indicated.
i. P(red, blue, green)
Substitute: ii. P(blue, yellow, yellow)
M+L<9 iii. P(red, yellow, not green)
M+M+3<9 Solution:
2M + 3 < 9 Total number of marbles

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 157
= 8 + 12 + 9 + 11 = 40 -z – 6 = 15
-z = 21
i. P(red, blue, green) z = -21
8 12 11 22
= 40 × 39 × 38 = 1235
The solution set is {-21, 9}.
ii. P(blue, yellow, yellow)
12 9 8 18 1555. The sum of the progression 5, 8, 11,
= 40 × 39 × 38 = 1235 14, … is 1025. How many terms are there?
Solution:
iii. Since the first and second draws are not d = 14 – 11 = 11 – 8 = 8 – 5 = 3
n
green marbles, there are 29 – 2 = 27 S = 2 [2a1 + (n − 1)d]
remaining not green marbles. n
P(red, yellow, not green) 1025 = 2 [2(5) + (n − 1)3]
8 9 27 81 2050 = n(10 + 3n – 3)
= 40 × 39 × 38 = 2470
2050 = n(7 + 3n)
2050 = 7n + 3n2
1551. Solve 8f2 – 9f – 5 = 4 – 3f. 3n2 + 7n – 2050 = 0
Solution:
8f2 – 9f – 5 = 4 – 3f Use the quadratic formula.
8f2 – 6f – 9 = 0 −b±√b2 −4ac −7±�72 −4(3)(−2050)
n= =
2a 2(3)
By using the quadratic formula, −7±157
n= 6
−b±√b2 −4ac 6±�(−6)2 −4(8)(−9)
f= = n = 25 or n = -82/3
2a 2(8)
6±√324 3±9
= = Answer: n = 25
16 8
3+9 3−9
f= 8
or f= 8
12 3 −6 −3 1556. Solve the system of equations.
f= 8
= 2 or f= 8
= 4 3x + 4y = −25
�
2x − 3y = 6
3 −3
The solution set is �2 , 4
�.
Solution:
3x + 4y = −25 (eq. 1)
1552. A force F = 35i - 12j (in pounds) is �
used to push an object up a ramp. The 2x − 3y = 6 (eq. 2)
resulting movement of the object is Multiply equation 1 by -2 and equation 2 by
represented by the displacement vector d = 3 so the coefficients of x-terms are additive
15i + 4j (in feet). Find the work done by the inverses. Then add the two resulting
force. equations.
Solution:
W = Fd = 35(15) + (-12)(4) Multiplying equation 1 by -2 gives
= 525 – 48 = 477 ft-lbs -2(3x + 4y = -25)
-6x – 8y = 50
1553. A small sphere of mass 2 kg revolves
at the end of a 1.2 m long string in a Multiplying equation 2 by 3 gives
horizontal plane around a vertical axis. 3(2x – 3y = 6)
Determine its moment of inertia with respect 6x – 9y = 18
to that axis. Adding the two resulting equation gives
Solution: 0 – 17y = 68
A small sphere at the end of a long string -17y = 68
resembles a point mass revolving about an y = -4
axis at a radial distance r. Consequently its
moment of inertia is given by Subsitute y = -4 in any of the given
equations. In this problem we substitute in
I = mr2 = (2)(1.2)2 = 2.9 kg-m2 equation 1.
3x + 4y = -25
1554. Solve: |z + 6| = 15 3x + 4(-4) = -25
Solution: 3x – 16 = -25
|z + 6| = 15 3x = -25 + 16
z + 6 = 15 or -(z + 6) = 15 3x = -9
z + 6 = 15 x = -3
z=9
The solution is (-3,-4)
-(z + 6) = 15
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 158
1557. prism. A polyhedron with two g = number of girls
parallel congruent faces called bases. b = number of boys
We know that g + b = 8, so
1558. A motor runs at 20 rev/s and supplies b=8–g
a torque of 75 N·m. What horsepower is it
delivering? We know that there are more girls than
Solution: boys, so
Using ω = 20 rev/s = 40π rad/s g>b

P = tω = (75 N-m)( 40π rad/s) = 9.4 kW Susbstitute and simplify.

= 13 hp g>b
g>8–g
1559. Two equations, such as x = 169 - 6.9y 2g > 8
and x = 5.78 - 6.3y, together are called a g>4
system of equations.
So there could be 5, 6, 7 or 8 girls.
1560. True or false. Prisms are named by
the shape of their bases. 1567. Write each expression in terms of i.
Solution:
1561. If the graphs of a system of equations i. √−12 = 𝑖𝑖√12 = 𝑖𝑖√4 ∙ 3 = 2𝑖𝑖√3
intersect or coincide, the system of ii. √−17 = 𝑖𝑖√17
equations is said to be consistent. iii. √−9 = 𝑖𝑖√9 = 3𝑖𝑖
1562. If U = 5i – 3j and V = -6i + 4j find:
1568. Evaluate: (5 × 10−8 )(2.9 × 102 )
i. U + V
Solution:
ii. 4U – 5V
(5 × 10−8 )(2.9 × 102 )
Solution:
= (5 × 2.9)(10−8 × 102 )
i. U + V = (5i – 3j) + (-6i + 4j)
= 14.5 × 10−6
= 5i – 3j – 6i + 4j
= (5 - 6)i + (-3 + 4)j = (1.45 × 101 ) × 10−6
= -i + j = 1.45 × (101 × 10−6 )
= 1.45 × 10−5
ii. 4U – 5V = 4(5i – 3j) – 5(-6i + 4j)
= (20i – 12j) + (30i – 20j) 1569. If a system of equations has exactly
= (20 + 30)i + (-12 - 20)j one solution, it is independent.
= 50i – 32j
1570. The period of a cyclic motion of a
1563. If the graphs of a system of equations system, one that is vibrating or rotating in a
are parallel (no ordered pairs satisfy both repetitive fashion, is the time required for
equations), the system of equations is said to the system to complete one full cycle. It is
be inconsistent. the number of seconds per cycle.

1564. Expand. (sin θ + cos θ)2? 1571. If the system of equations has an
Solution: infinite number of solutions, it is
(sin θ + cos θ)2 dependent.
= sin2 θ + 2(sin θ)( cos θ) + cos2 θ
However, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1. 1572. A company needs a $1 million
= 1 + 2(sin θ)( cos θ) balance in its contingency fund 3 years from
now. Marvin, the chief financial officer,
1565. Determine the midpoint of line wants to know how much to deposit now.
segment XY if the coordinates of X is Determine that amount if it grows at a rate
(6,0,0) and coordinates of Y is (-2,4,2). of 20% per year at:
Solution: i. simple interest
The midpoint formula in space is ii. compound interest
x +x y +y z +z Solution:
M = � 1 2 2 , 1 2 2 , 1 2 2� i. F = P(1 + in)
6−2 0+4 0+2 4 4 2
M=� 2
, 2
, 2
� = �2 , 2 , 2� = (2,2,1) 1000000 = P[1 + 0.2(3)]
P = $625000
1566. In a room of 8 students, there are
ii. F = P(1 + i)n
more girls than boys. How many girls could
1000000 = P(1 + 0.2)3
there be in this room?
P = $578703.7037
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 159
1573. Solve the system of equations. 6x − 2y = −4 (eq. 1)
y = 3x �
y = 3x + 2 (eq. 2)
�
x + 2y = −21 Substitute equation 2 in equation 1.
Solution: 6x – 2y = -4
y = 3x (eq. 1) 6x – 2(3x + 2) = -4
�
x + 2y = −21 (eq. 2) 6x – 6x - 4 = -4
Substitute equation 1 in equation 2. -4 = -4
x + 2y = -21
x + 2(3x) = -21 The statement -4 = -4 is true. This means
x + 6x = -21 that the system of equations has infinitely
7x = -21 many solutions. The two lines coincides.
x = -3
1577. A hoisting machine lifts a 3000 kg
Substitute x = -3 to any of the given load a height of 8 m in a time of 20 s. The
equations. power supplied to the engine is 18 hp.
y = 3x Compute:
y = 3(-3) = -9 i. the work output
ii. the power output and power input
or iii. the efficiency of the engine and hoist
system
x + 2y = -21
-3 + 2y = -21 Solution:
2y = -18 i. work output = (lifting force)(height)
y = -9 = (3000*9.81)(8) = 235.440 kJ

The solution is (x, y) = (-3, -9). work output 235.440 kJ

ii. power output = time taken = 20 s

1574. If the area of a great circle is 201 = 11.772 kW

square miles, find the surface area and 0.746 kW
volume of the sphere. power input= (18 hp)� 1 hp
� = 13.428kW
Solution:
The surface area of a sphere is given by the power output 11.8 kW
iii. efficiency = power input
= 13.4 kW
equation
SA = 4πr2 = 4 × area of a great circle = 88.1%
SA = 4(201) = 804 square miles or
work output 235.44
efficiency = work input = 13.4×20 = 88%
The volume of a sphere is given by the
equation
4 1578. regular prism. A prism with bases
V = 3 πr 3 that are regular polygons.

A great circle contains the radius of a 1579. Solve: -5 < x – 4 < 2

sphere, so Solution:
201 = πr2 It is compound inequality. Express first
r = 8 miles -5 < x – 4 < 2 using and. Then solve each
inequality.
4 4
V = 3 πr 3 = 3 π(8)3 = 2144.66 miles3
-5 < x – 4 and x – 4 < 2
1575. If z1 = 3 − 5𝑖𝑖 and z2 = −6 − 2𝑖𝑖, find
-5 < x – 4
z1 + z2 and z1 − z2 .
-1 < x
Solution:
i. z1 + z2 = (3 − 5𝑖𝑖) + (−6 − 2𝑖𝑖)
x–4<2
= 3 − 5𝑖𝑖 − 6 − 2𝑖𝑖 = -3 – 7i
x<6
ii. z1 − z2 = (3 − 5𝑖𝑖) − (−6 − 2𝑖𝑖)
The solution set is {x| -1 < x < 6}.
= 3 − 5𝑖𝑖 + 6 + 2𝑖𝑖 = 9 – 3i
1580. A 16 g mass is moving in the +x-
1576. Solve the system of equations.
direction at 30 cm/s, while a 4.0-g mass is
6x − 2y = −4
� moving in the −x-direction at 50 cm/s. They
y = 3x + 2
collide head-on and stick together. Find their
Solution:
velocity after the collision. Assume
negligible friction.
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 160
Solution: s–c=9
This is a completely inelastic collision for
which KE is not conserved, although A = �17(5)(3)(9) = 47.91 square yards
momentum is. Let the 16 g mass be m1 and
the 4 g mass be m2. Take the +x-direction to 1584. Solve: -3h + 4 < 19 or 7h – 3 > 18
be positive. That means that the velocity of Solution:
the 4 g mass has a scalar value of υ2x = −50 -3h + 4 < 19 or 7h – 3 > 18
cm/s. We apply the law of conservation of
momentum to the system consisting of the -3h + 4 < 19
two masses: -3h < 19 – 4
-3h < 15
momentum before impact = momentum h > -5 (Reverse the inequality symbol if
after impact each side of the inequality is divided or
m1v1x + m2v2x = (m1 + m2)vx multiplied by a negative number)
(0.016)(0.30) + (0.004)(-0.5) = (0.02)vx
vx = +0.14 m/s 7h – 3 > 18
7h > 18 + 3
1581. What power in kW is supplied to a 12 7h > 21
hp motor having an efficiency of 90% when h>3
it is delivering its full rated output?
Solution: Answer: h > -5 or h > 3
power output
efficiency = power input
(12 hp)(0.746 kW/hp) 1585. Town A is 12 miles due north of town
0.9 = B. If town C is 4.6 miles due east of town B,
power input
power input = 9.95 kW what is the bearing of town A from town C?

1582. Solve the system of equations. Solution:

5s + 2t = 6 The bearing of a line is the acute angle
�
9s + 2t = 22 formed by the north–south line and the line.
Solution: The notation used to designate the bearing
5s + 2t = 6 (eq. 1) of a line begins with N or S (for north or
�
9s + 2t = 22 (eq. 2) south), followed by the number of degrees in
Subtracting equation 1 from equation 2, the angle, and ends with E or W (for east or
gives west).
4s + 0 = 16
4s = 16
s=4

Now substitute s = 4 in any of the original

equations to solve for the value of t. In this
problem we substitute in equation 1.
5s + 2t = 6
5(4) + 2t = 6
20 + 2t = 6
2t = 6 – 20
2t = -14
t = -7

The solution is (4, -7).

1583. Find the area of a triangle with side

lengths of 12 yards, 14 yards, and 8 yards. opposite side 4.6
tan θ = adjacent side = 12
Solution:
-1 4.6
By Heron’s Formula, θ = tan 12
= 21°
A = �s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
where: s = semi-perimeter The bearing of town A from town C is
a+b+c
s= 2 N 21° W.

12+14+8 1586. Solve the system of equations.

s= 2
= 17 3x + 4y = 6
�
s–a=5 5x + 2y = −4
s–b=3 Solution:
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 161
3x + 4y = 6 (eq. 1) 1590.
�
5x + 2y = −4 (eq. 2) i. Events that cannot occur at the same time
Multiply equation 2 by -2 so the coefficients are called mutually exclusive.
of the y-terms are additive inverses. Then ii. When the outcome of one event affects
add the equations. the outcome of another event, the events are
dependent events.
Multiplying equation 2 by -2 gives iii. The outcome of one event does not affect
-2(5x + 2y = -4) the outcome of the other independent
-10x – 4y = 8 events.

Adding the above result in equation 1 gives 1591. Solve: |y + 5| < 9

-7x + 0 = 14 Solution:
-7x = 14 Write |y + 5| < 9 as
x = -2 y + 5 < 9 and –(y + 5) < 9

Now substitute x = -2 in any of the original Case 1:

equations to solve for the value of y. In this y+5<9
problem we substitute in equation 2. y<9–5
5x + 2y = -4 y<4
5(-2) + 2y = -4
-10 + 2y = -4 Case 2:
2y = -4 + 10 –(y + 5) < 9
2y = 6 y + 5 > -9
y=3 y > -9 – 5
y > -14
The solution is (x,y) = (-2,3).
The solution set is {y| -14 < y < 4}.
1587. Which of the following is equivalent
to sec θ – cos θ? Note: When an absolute value is on the left
Solution: and the inequality symbol is < or ≤ , the
1
sec θ – cos θ = cos θ – cos θ compound sentence uses and.
To add or subtract fractions, their
1592. The magnitude of a vector is the
denominators must be the same. The LCD is
length of the vector.
cos θ. So
1 1 cos θ
cos θ
– cos θ = cos θ
− cos θ × cos θ 1593. Solve: |2x + 8| ≥ 6
1 cos2 θ 1−cos2 θ Solution:
= cos θ − cos θ = cos θ
Write |2x + 8| ≥ 6 as
However, cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1 2x + 8 ≥ 6 or -(2x + 8) ≥ 6
sin2 θ
= cos θ
Case 1.
1588. Solve: |x – 4| = 3. 2x + 8 ≥ 6
Solution: 2x ≥ 6 – 8
Recall that |x| = 3 means x = 3 or –x = 3. 2x ≥ -2
The second equation can be written as x = - x ≥ -1
3. So |x – 4| = 3 means
x – 4 = 3 or –(x - 4) = 3 Case 2.
Case 1: -(2x + 8) ≥ 6
x–4=3 2x + 8 ≤ -6 (Reverse the inequality after
x=7 dividing both sides by negative 1)
2x ≤ -6 – 8
Case 2: 2x ≤ -14
-(x -4) = 3 x ≤ -7
-x + 4 = 3
x=1 The solution set is {x|x ≤ -7 or x ≥ -1}.

Hence, the solution set is {1,7}. Note: When the absolute value is on the left
and the inequality symbol is > or ≥ , the
1589. A polyhedron with all faces (except compound sentence uses or.
for one) intersecting at one vertex is a
pyramid. 1594. Express each number in scientific
notation.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 162
Solution: (𝟏𝟏+𝐢𝐢)𝐧𝐧 −𝟏𝟏
iii. 𝐢𝐢(𝟏𝟏+𝟏𝟏)𝐧𝐧
is called the uniform series
i. 30500000 = ? Move the decimal point 7
places to the left. present worth factor.
30500000 = 3.05 × 107 𝐢𝐢(𝟏𝟏+𝟏𝟏)𝐧𝐧
iv. (𝟏𝟏+𝐢𝐢)𝐧𝐧 −𝟏𝟏
is called the capital recovery
ii. 0.000781 = ? Move the decimal point 4 factor.
places to the right.
0.000781 = 7.81 × 10-4 𝐢𝐢
v. (𝟏𝟏+𝐢𝐢)𝐧𝐧 −𝟏𝟏
is called the sinking fund factor.
iii. 123.0009 = ? Move the decimal point 2
(𝟏𝟏+𝐢𝐢)𝐧𝐧 −𝟏𝟏
places to the left. vi. is called the uniform series
𝐢𝐢
123.0009 = 1.230009 × 102 compound amount factor.
iv. 9999999912222 = ? Move the decimal
point 12 places to the left 1599. A metal alloy is 25% copper. Another
9999999912222 = 9.999999912222 × 1012 metal alloy is 50% copper. How much of
each alloy should be used to make 1000
v. 0.1001000 = ? Move the decimal place grams of a metal alloy that is 45% copper?
one place to the right. Solution:
0.1001000 = 1.001000 × 10-1

1595. A family is planning to purchase a

new home 5 years from now. If they have Let x = amount in grams of the 25% copper
$240,000 now, how much will be available alloy
5 years from now? The fund grows at a y = amount in grams of the 50% copper
compound rate of 12% per year. alloy
Solution:
F = P(1 + i)n = 240000(1 + 0.12)5 x + y = 1000 (eq. 1)
= $422962.004
0.25x + 0.5y = 0.45(1000)
1596. Which ordered pairs are part of the 0.25x + 0.5y = 450 (eq. 2)
solution set for 3x + 2y < 12, from the set
{(1, 6), (3, 0), (2, 2), (4, 3)}? From equation 1,
Solution: x + y = 1000
Substitute the x and y values of each ordered x = 1000 – y
pair into the inequality. Then check if the
statement is true or false. Substitute the above equation in equation 2.
x y 3x + 2y < 12 True or False 0.25x + 0.5y = 450
1 6 3(1) + 2(6) < 12 False 0.25(1000 – y) + 0.5y = 450
15 < 12 250 – 0.25y + 0.5y = 450
3 0 3(3) + 2(0) < 12 True 0.25y = 200
9 < 12 y = 800 grams
2 2 3(2) + 2(2) < 12 True
10 < 12 Now substitute y = 800 to any of the given
4 3 3(4) + 2(3) < 12 False equations to get
18 < 12 x = 200 grams
The ordered pairs {(3, 0), (2, 2)}are part of
the solution set of 3x + 2y < 12. 1600. A hemisphere has a radius of 4 feet,
find its surface area.
1597. A polyhedron is a regular Solution:
polyhedron if all of its faces are regular A hemisphere is half of a sphere. So the
congruent polygons and all of the edges are surface area is equal to half of the surface
congruent. area of a sphere plus the area of the base
(great circle).
1598. Fill in the blanks.
i. (1 + 1)n is called the single-payment SA = 0.5(4πr2) + πr2
compound amount factor. = 0.5(4π)(42) + π(42)
= 150.8 square feet
ii. (1 + 1)-n is called the single-payment
present worth factor. 1601. Express each number in standard
notation.
i. 2.45 × 108 = _______________
ii. 3 × 10-5 = _______________
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 163
iii. 4.9 × 10 = _______________
8
Multiply equation 1 by 2 and equation 2 by
iv. 7 × 10-2 = _______________ 3 so the coefficients of the x-terms become
v. 5.3266 × 103 = _______________ additive inverses. Then add the two resulting
Solution: equations.
i. 2.45 × 108 = ? move the decimal point 8
places to the right Multiplying equation 1 by 2 gives
2.45 × 108 = 245000000 2(24 = 3V – 3x)
48 = 6V – 6x
ii. 3 × 10-5 = ? move the decimal point 5
places to the left Multiplying equation 2 by 3 gives
3 × 10-5 = 0.00003 3(24 = 2V + 2x)
72 = 6V + 6x
iii. 4.9 × 106 = ? move the decimal point 6
places to the right Adding the two resulting equation gives
4.9 × 106 = 4900000 120 = 12V
V = 10 miles per hour
iv. 7 × 10-2 = ? move the decimal point 2
x2 −2x−15
places to the left 1604. Simplify x2−x−12 .
7 × 10-2 = 0.07 Solution:
Factor the numerator and denominator. Then
v. 5.3266 × 103 = ? move the decimal point cancel out common factors.
3 places to the right x2 −2x−15 (x−5)(x+3) x−5
5.3266 × 103 = 5326.6 x2 −x−12
= (x−4)(x+3) = x−4

1602. Simplify each power of i. 1605. The Linear Momentum of a body is

i. 𝑖𝑖 20 = _______________ the product of its mass (m) and velocity.
ii. 𝑖𝑖 30 = _______________
iii. 𝑖𝑖 23 = _______________ 1606. monomial. A polynomial which has
only one term. It can a number, a variable,
Solution: or a product of a number and one or more
We know that 𝑖𝑖 2 = −1. Negative number variables.
raised to an even number is positive.
Negative number raised to an odd number is 1607. Marvin carved the largest sphere from
negative. a wooden cube 11 inches on an edge. Find
i. 𝑖𝑖 20 = (𝑖𝑖 2 )10 = (−1)10 = 1 the volume of wasted material.
ii. 𝑖𝑖 30 = (𝑖𝑖 2 )15 = (−1)15 = -1 Solution:
iii. 𝑖𝑖 23 = (𝑖𝑖 2 )11 ∙ 𝑖𝑖 = (−1)11 ∙ 𝑖𝑖 = −1 ∙ 𝑖𝑖 = - i let Vw = volume of wasted material
Vc = volume of cube
1603. A coal barge on the Ohio River travels Vs = volume of sphere
24 miles upstream in 3 hours. The return trip
takes the barge only 2 hours. Find the rate of The diameter of the sphere is the edge length
the barge in still water. of the cube. So the radius of the sphere is
11
Solution:
2
= 5.5 inches.
V = speed of barge in still water (mph)
x = speed of current (mph) 4 4
Vw = Vc - Vs = x3 - 3 πr 3 = 113 - 3 π(5.5)3
working formula: d = Vt; where V = speed = 634.09 inches3
d = distance and t = time
a+1 a−3
1608. Find the sum: a + 3a
Travelling upstream (against the current): Solution:
d = (V- x)t In order to add, the denominators must be
24 = (V - x)(3) the same. Factor each denominator and find
24 = 3V – 3x (eq. 1) the LCD. Note that the LCD is the LCM of
the denominators.
Travelling downstream (with the current): a=a
d = (V + x)t 3a = 3∙a
24 = (V + x)(2)
24 = 2V + 2x (eq. 2) Use each factor the greatest number of times
it appears in any of the factorizations.
Since we are looking for the value of V, we LCD = 3(a) = 3a
need to eliminate x.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 164
a−3 1614. A regular polyhedron with 8 faces and
Since the denominator of 3a
is already 3a,
a+1 each face is an equilateral triangle is called
only a
needs to be renamed. So that the octahedron.
a+1
denominator of a is 3a, we need to
multiply “a” by 3. If we multiply the 1615. Simplify: (10h34)(2h56)
denominator by 3 we need also to multiply Solution:
the numerator by 3. So we multiplied the To multiply two powers that have the same
3 base, add the exponents.
whole fraction by 3 = 1. The value of the (10h34)(2h56) = 10(2)(h34+56) = 20h90
fraction will not change.
1.2789×109
a+1 a−3 3(a+1) a−3 3a+3 a−3 1616. Evaluate: 5.22×105
a
+ 3a
= + = +
3a 3a 3a 3a Solution:
3a+3+(a−3) 3a+3+a−3 1.2789×109 1.2789 109
= = = � 5.22 � �105 � = 0.245 × 104
3a 3a 5.22×105
3a+3+a−3 4a 4
= 3a
= 3a = 3 = (2.45 × 10−1 ) × 104
= 2.45 × (10−1 × 104 )
1609. Monomials that are real numbers are = 2.45 × 103
called constants.
1617. A regular polyhedron with 12 faces
1610. There are exactly five types of regular and each face is a regular pentagon is called
polyhedra. These are called the platonic dodecahedron.
solids.
1618. Simplify: (12dk5)(-9d3k3)
1611. A regular polyhedron with 4 faces and Solution:
each face is an equilateral triangle is called To multiply two powers that have the same
tetrahedron. base, add the exponents.
(12dk5)(-9d3k3) = (12)(-9)(d1+3)(k5+3)
1612. Which of the following are = -108d4k8
monomials?
a. -9 1619. A regular polyhedron with 20 faces
b. m + k and each face is an equilateral triangle is
c. s called icosahedron.
p
d. f
6
mbn7 1620. Simplify: 3 + q+3
e. 3
Solution:
To add fractions, their denominators must be
Answer: a, c and e q+3
Solution: the same. Multiply 3 by q+3 before adding to
-9 is a monomial because it is a real number 6
q+3
.
and an example of a constant.
q+3 6 3(q+3) 6 3q+9 6
3 ∙ q+3 + q+3 = + q+3 = +
q+3 q+3 q+3
m + k is not a monomial because it involves 3q+9+6 3q+15 3q+15
the addition, not the product of two = = =
q+3 q+3 q+3
variables.
1621. Simplify: ((32)3)2
s is a monomial because it is a single Solution:
variable. To find the power of a power, multiply the
p
is not a monomial because the expression exponents.
f
is the quotient, not the product of two ((32)3)2 = (32(3))2 = (36)2 = 36(2)
variables. = 312 = 531441

mbn7 1622. A motorboat travels on a course of

is a monomial because the expression bearing N 52° 40’ E for a distance of 238
3
1 miles. How many miles north and how many
is a product of a number �3� and three
miles east has the motorboat traveled?
variables (mbn). The expression can be Solution:
1
written as 3 mbn7 . Use SOH-CAH-TOA.

1613. A regular polyhedron with 6 faces and

each face is a square is called hexahedron.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 165
1
= 9 (x 2 )(y 8 )[(−6y)6 ]
1 1
= 9 x 2 y 8 (−66 y 6 ) = 9 x 2 y 8 (46656y 6 )
1
= 9 x 2 y 8 (46656y 6 ) = 5184x 2 y14

1625. volume. Defined as the measure of

the amount of space that a figure encloses. It
is measured in cubic units.

1626. Marvin, a civil engineer, just received

a year-end bonus of $11,000 that will be
invested immediately. With the expectation
of earning at the rate of 8% per year, Marvin
hopes to take the entire amount out in
exactly 20 years to pay for a family vacation
when the oldest son is due to graduate from
college. Find the amount of funds that will
Let y represents the number of miles the be available in 20 years.
motorboat travelled north and x represents Solution:
the number of miles the motorboat travelled F = P(1 + i)n = 11000(1 + 0.08)20
east. = $51,271
opposite side x
sin 52°40’ = hypotenuse
= 238 1627. Factor 36a2 – 49k2.
x = 189.24 miles Solution:
36a2 – 49k2 is a difference of two squares
adjacent side y because 36a2 – 49k2 = (6a)2 – (7k)2. Every
cos 52°40’ = hypotenuse
= 238
difference of two squares maybe factored
y = 144.34 miles according to the identity
a2 – b2 = (a - b)(a + b). So
1623. Simplify: 36a2 – 49k2 = (6a)2 – (7k)2
i. (4 − 2𝑖𝑖)(3 + 𝑖𝑖) __ = (6a – 7k)(6a + 7k)
ii. (7 − 2𝑖𝑖)(7 + 2𝑖𝑖)
5𝑖𝑖
iii. 2−3𝑖𝑖 1628. Find each of the following dot
6𝑖𝑖 products.
iv. 4+2𝑖𝑖 i. U∙V when U = 〈3,4〉 and V = 〈2,5〉
ii. 〈−1,2〉 ∙ 〈3, −5〉
Solution: iii. M∙K when M = 6i + 3j and K = 2i – 7j
i. (4 − 2𝑖𝑖)(3 + 𝑖𝑖) = 12 + 4i – 6i - 2i2
= 12 – 2i - 2i2 = 12 – 2i – 2(-1) Solution:
= 12 – 2i + 2 = 14 – 2i i. U∙V = 3(2) + 4(5)
= 6 + 20
ii. (7 − 2𝑖𝑖)(7 + 2𝑖𝑖) = 49 + 14i – 14i - 4i2 = 26
= 49 - 4i2 = 49 – 4(-1) = 49 + 4 = 53
ii. 〈−1,2〉 ∙ 〈3, −5〉 = -1(3) + 2(-5)
5𝑖𝑖 5𝑖𝑖 2+3𝑖𝑖 10𝑖𝑖+15𝑖𝑖 2 = -3 + (-10)
iii. 2−3𝑖𝑖 = 2−3𝑖𝑖 ∙ 2+3𝑖𝑖 = 4+6𝑖𝑖−6𝑖𝑖−9𝑖𝑖 2
10𝑖𝑖+15(−1) 10𝑖𝑖−15 10𝑖𝑖−15 = -13
= 4−9(−1)
= 4+9
= 13
15 10𝑖𝑖 iii. M∙K = 6(2) + 3(-7)
= − 13 + 13 = 12 + (-21)
= -9
6𝑖𝑖 6𝑖𝑖 4−2𝑖𝑖 24𝑖𝑖−12𝑖𝑖 2 24𝑖𝑖−12(−1)
iv. 4+2𝑖𝑖 = 4+2𝑖𝑖 ∙ 4−2𝑖𝑖 = =
16−4𝑖𝑖 2 16−4(−1) 3m 7m
=
24𝑖𝑖+12
=
24𝑖𝑖 12 6𝑖𝑖
+ 20 = +5
3 1629. Find 12 + 12
16+4 20 5
3 6𝑖𝑖 Solution:
=5+ 5 Since they have the same denominators, just
add the numerators.
1 2 3m 7m 10m 5m
1624. Simplify: �3 xy 4 � [(−6y)2 ]3 12
+ 12
= 12
= 6
Solution:
1 2 1630. The work done by a force is
�3 xy 4 � [(−6y)2 ]3 expressed as the product of that force times
1 2 the parallel distance over which it acts.
= �3� (x 2 )(y 4 )2 �(−6y)2(3) �

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 166
a7 b8 c6 q3 g 0
1631. Simplify ab4c3 1640. Simplify q
Solution: Solution:
To divide two powers that have the same q3 g 0
= q3−1 (1) = q2
base, subtract the exponents. q
a7 b 8 c 6
4 3
= (a7−1 )(b8−4 )(c 6−3 ) = a6 b4 c 3 1641. The word trigonometry is derived
ab c
from two Greek words: tri’gonon, which
1632. Change 29.25° to degrees and translates as triangle, and met’ron, which
minutes. means measure.
Solution:
29.25° = 29° + 0.25° = 29° + 0.25°(60’) 1642. A piece of pure gold (ρ = 19.3 g/cm3)
= 29° + 15’ = 29° 15’ is suspected to have a hollow center. It has a
mass of 38.25 g when measured in air and
1633. cylinder. A solid with congruent 36.22 g in water. What is the volume of the
circular bases in a pair of parallel planes. central hole in the gold?
Solution:
m
2s2
4 ρ= V
1634. Simplify � 3 � 0.03825 kg
Solution: 19300 kg/m3 = V
To find the power of a quotient, find the V = 1.981 × 10-6 m3
power of the numerator and the power of the
(38.25−36.22) × 10−3 kg
denominator. 1000 kg/m3 =
4 4 4 Vol. of displaced water
2s2 �2s2 � �24 ��s2 � 16s8
�
3
� = (3)4
= 81
= 81
Vol. of displaced water = 2.03 × 10−3 m3

1635. An impulse is the product of a force Volume of hole = (2.03 – 1.982) cm3
and the time interval (Δt) over which the = 0.048 cm3
force acts.
b−3 c2
1643. Simplify d−5
1636. cone. A solid with a circular base and For any nonzero number a and any integer n,
a vertex. a-n is the reciprocal of an. And the reciprocal
0
2j9 s12 of a-n is an.
1637. Simplify �− 23j3 s2�
Solution:
Solution: b−3 c2 b−3 c2 1 1 c2 d5
Any nonzero number raised to the zero =� � � 1 � �d−5 � = �b3� � 1 � � 1 �
d−5 1
power is 1. c2 d5
0 =
2j9 s12 b3
�− 23j3 s2� = 1
1644. If a fraction has one or more fractions
1638. A 0.25-kg ball moving in the +x- in the numerator or denominator, it is called
direction at 13 m/s is hit by a bat. Its final complex fraction.
velocity leaving the bat is 19 m/s in the x-
direction. The bat acts on the ball for 0.010 1645. The area of a 12 cm by 8 cm rectangle
s. Find the average force F exerted on the is to be doubled by increasing the length and
ball by the bat. the width by the same amount. What should
Solution: be the dimensions of the enlarged rectangle?
The problem provides the time over which a Solution:
required force acts, as well as enough
information to compute the change in
momentum. That suggests the impulse
equation (i.e., Newton’s Second Law). We
have υi = 13 m/s and υf = −19 m/s. Taking
the initial direction of motion as positive, the
impulse equation is
F ∆t = mvf − mvi
F(0.010) = (0.25)(-19) – (0.25)(13)
F = -800N

1639. sphere. A set of points in space that The area of the original rectangle is
are a given distance from a given point. 8(12) = 96. So the area of the enlarged
rectangle is 2(96) = 192. From the figure,
(12 + x)(8 + x) = 192

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 167
2
96 + 12x + 8x + x = 192 Solution:
x2 + 20x – 96 = 0

By the quadratic formula,

−b±√b2 −4ac −20±�202 −4(1)(−96)
x= =
2a 2(1)
−20±28
= 2 = −10 ± 14
x = -10 + 14 or x = -10 – 14
x = 4 or x = -24
Only 4 is a valid solution, since dimensions
cannot be negative. Thus, the new
dimensions of the rectangle is
(8cm + 4 cm) by (12 cm + 4 cm)
12 cm by 16 cm.

1646. Work is a scalar quantity.

1647. Factor 5c3 + 15c2 – 5c – 15.

Solution:
5c3 + 15c2 – 5c – 15
= 5(c3 + 3c2 – c - 3) (factor out the GCF)
= 5[(c3 + 3c2) – (c + 3)] (group terms)
= 5[c2(c + 3) – (c + 3)] (factor out the GCF
of the first grouping) Given: CD = 25 feet
= 5(c + 3)(c2 - 1) (factor out the GCF of the opposite side BC BC
two groupings) tan 54.5 = adjacent side = CD = 25
= 5(c + 3)(c2 - 12) BC = 35.05 feet
= 5(c + 3)(c - 1)(c + 1) (factor the difference
of two squares ) opposite side h h
So tan 61.7 = adjacent side = BC = 35.05
5c3 + 15c2 – 5c – 15 = 5(c + 3)(c - 1)(c + 1) h = 65.1 feet

1648. A boy stands at point C facing the 1649. A quadratic function can be written in
pole and finds the angle of elevation from the form _____.
point C to the top of the pole to be 61.7°. a. y = ax2 + bx + cy2, where a ≠ 0
Then he turns 90° and walks 25 feet to point b. y = ax2 + bx3 + c, where a ≠ 0
D, where he measures the angle between his c. y2 = ax2 + bx + c, where c ≠ 0
path and a line from D to the base of the d. y = ax2 + bx + c, where a ≠ 0 (answer)
pole. He finds that angle is 54.5°. Find the
height of the pole. 1650.

In the figure above, angle C = 90°, find:

i. tan ϕ
ii. sec A
iii. sin θ
iv. csc ϕ
v. cos A
vi. tan ∠ABC
Solution:
Memorize SOH – CAH – TOA.
opposite side 3
i. tan ϕ = adjacent side = 4

1 1 1 1
ii. sec A = cos A = adjacent side = 3+2 = 5
hypotenuse √41 √41

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 168
√41 c5
= = − 7a6
5

opposite side 4
iii. sin θ = hypotenuse
=5 1654. How much money should you to pay
now for a guaranteed $600 per year for 9
1 1 1 5
years starting next year, at a rate of return of
iv. csc ϕ = sin A = opposite side = 3 =3 16% per year?
hypotenuse 5
Solution:
(1+i)n −1
adjacent side 3+2 5 P = A� i(1+i)n
�
v. cos A = hypotenuse
= =
√41 √41 where P = present value of the annuity
opposite side 2+3 5
A = amount of each annuity payment
vi. tan ∠ABC = adjacent side = 4
=4 i = interest rate
n = number of periods over which
1651. cross section. It is the shape made payments are to be made
when a solid is cut through parallel to the
(1+0.16)9 −1
base. P = 600 �0.16(1+0.16)9� = $2763.93

1652. A company just purchased upgraded 1655. To make any quadratic expression a
CAD software for $5000 now and annual perfect square, a method called _____ may
payments of $500 per year for 6 years be used.
starting 3 years from now for annual a. finding the GCF
upgrades. What is the present worth in year b. factoring
0 of the payments if the interest rate is 8% c. quadratic formula
per year? d. completing the square (answer)
Solution:
x2 y2
a
1656. Simplify: x2 y
a3
Solution:
To divide two fractions, invert the divisor
then multiply.
x2 y2
x2 y2 a3 x2 y2 a3
a
x2 y
= × = = a2 y
a x2 y ax2 y
a3
F
Working formula: F = P(1 + i)n or P = (1+i)n 1657. Find the value of c that makes
500 500 500 x2 + 6x + c perfect square.
P = 5000 + (1+0.08)3 + (1+0.08)4 + (1+0.08)5
500 500 500
Solution:
+ (1+0.08)6 + (1+0.08)7 + (1+0.08)8 To complete the square of a quadratic
P = $6981.7 expression, divide the coefficient of x by 2.
Square the result, then add to the original
Alternate solution: You can use the annuity expression.
formula. Get the present worth of the The coefficient of x is 6. Dividing 6 by 2
annuity in year 2. From year 2, get again the gives a quotient of 3. Squaring 3 gives an
present worth in year 0. answer of 9. So
(1+i)n −1 (1+0.08)6 −1 c=9
P2 = A � i(1+i)n
� = 500 �0.08(1+0.08)6�
= 2311.439832 The expression becomes
F 2311.439832 x2 + 6x + 9 = (x + 3)2 a perfect square.
P0 = (1+i)n = (1+0.08)2 = 1981.7
P = 5000 + P0 = 5000 + 1981.7 = $6981.7 1658. Find the area of triangle ABC given
A = 24°10’, B = 120° 40’, and a = 4.25
−3a−4 b7
1653. Simplify 21a2 b7c−5 miles.
Solution: Solution:
For any nonzero number a and any integer n, By sine rule,
b a
a-n is the reciprocal of an. In addition, the
sin B
= sin A
reciprocal of a-n is an. b 4.25
sin 120° 40’
= sin 24°10’
sin 120° 40’(4.25)
First, make all negative exonents positive. b= = 8.929 miles
sin 24°10’
−3a−4 b7 −3b7 c5 −1c5
= 21a2 a4b7 = 7a2+4 (b cancels) 7
21a2 b7 c−5

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 169
C = 180 – (24°10’ + 120° 40’) = 35°10’ θ = cos 0 = 90°
-1

1 1 1 U∙V 6(1)−1(4)
A = 2 ab sin C = 2 ac sin B = 2 bc sin A ii. cos θ = |U||V|
=
�62 +(−1)2 ∙√12 +42
2
1 1 =
A = 2 ab sin C = 2 (4.25)(8.929) sin 35°10’ √37∙√17
2
=
= 10.928 square miles √629
= 0.0797
1659. In the Quadratic Formula, the
expression under the radical sign, “b2 - 4ac”, θ = cos-1 0.0797 = 85.428°
is called the discriminant.
1667. The solutions of a quadratic equation
1660. public sector project. A product, are called the roots of the equation.
service, or system used, financed, and
owned by the citizens of any government 1668. The number of faces F, vertices V,
level. The primary purpose is to provide and edges E of a polyhedron are related by
service to the citizenry for the public good at Euler’s formula: _____
no profit. a. -F + V = E + 2
b. F - V = E + 2
1661. The discriminant of the quadratic c. F + V = E - 2
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is b2 – 4ac. If the d. F + V = E + 2 (answer)
discriminant is positive, the equation has
_____. 1669. Which of the following is a number in
a. none of these scientific notation?
b. no real roots a. 1458.9 × 109
c. one real root b. 145.89 × 1010
d. two real roots (answer) c. 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 (answer)
d. 14.589 × 1011
1662. The discriminant of the quadratic Solution:
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is b2 – 4ac. If the In scientific notation, no more than one digit
discriminant is zero, the equation has _____. is to the left of the decimal point.
a. none of these
b. no real roots 1670. Change 35° 45’ to degrees.
c. one real root (answer) Solution:
d. two real roots One degree = 60 minutes
35° 45’ = 35° + 45’ = 35° + (45/60)
1663. The graph of a quadratic function is = 35° + 0.75° = 35.75°
called a parabola.
1671. A monomial or a sum of monomials.
1664. The discriminant of the quadratic a. Pascal’s Triangle
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is b2 – 4ac. If the b. equation
discriminant is negative, the equation has c. expression
_____. d. polynomial (answer)
a. none of these
b. no real roots (answer) 1672. Work is the transfer of energy from
c. one real root one entity to another by way of the action of
d. two real roots a force applied over a distance.

1665. The maximum or minimum point of a 1673. Sum of two monomials.

parabola is called the vertex. a. binomial (answer)
b. trinomial
1666. Find the angle between the vectors U c. quadrinomial
and V. d. quintinomial
i. U = 〈2,3〉 and V = 〈−3,2〉
ii. U = 6i – j and V = i + 4j 1674. The sum of the areas of each face of a
Solution: solid.
U∙V 2(−3)+3(2)
i. cos θ = |U||V| = 2 2 2 2
a. volume
√2 +3 ∙�(−3) +2 b. lateral area
−6+6
= c. surface area (answer)
√13∙√13
0 d. area of the base
= 13
=0

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 170
1675. In a prism, the faces that are not bases d. quintinomial (answer)
are called _____.
a. lateral faces (answer) 1683. Find θ: tan θ = 1.732
b. lateral edges Solution:
c. lateral area tan θ = 1.732
d. right section θ = tan-1 1.732 = 60°

1676. Sum of three monomials. 1684. The greatest degree of any term in the
a. binomial polynomial.
b. trinomial (answer) a. degree of a monomial
c. quadrinomial b. degree of a polynomial (answer)
d. quintinomial c. degree of an expression
d. degree of an equation
5ab3 16c3
1677. Find the product. ∙ 15a2b
8c2 1685. A company that owns a sizable
Solution: amount of land plans to lease the drilling
5ab3 16c3 2b2 c
∙ 15a2b = rights (oil and gas only) to a mining and
8c2 3a
exploration company. The contract calls for
Strategy: the mining company to pay $20,000 per year
5∙16 80 2 for 20 years beginning 3 years from now
multiply all coefficients: 8∙5 = 120 = 3
(i.e., beginning at the end of year 3 and
work with same variables: continuing through year 22) plus $10,000
a 1 b3 b2 c 3 c
a2
= a; b = ; c2 = 1 six years from now and $15,000 sixteen
1
multiply: years from now. Find the following at 16%
2 1 b2 c 2b2 c per year.
∙ ∙
3 a
∙1= i. Total present worth PT in year zero.
1 3a
ii. Future worth FT in year 22.
1678. A polynomial with four terms. iii. Annual series over all 22 years.
a. binomial Solution:
b. trinomial i. Total present worth PT in year zero.
c. quadrinomial (answer) a. Present worth of the annuity in year zero.
d. quintinomial First, we get the present worth of the annuity
in year 2.
1679. Service sector project is a process or (1+i)n −1 (1+0.16)20 −1
P2 = A � i(1+i)n
� = 20000 �0.16(1+0.16)20 �
system that provides services to individuals,
businesses, or government units. The = $118576.818
economic value is developed primarily by Now, we get the present worth of P2 in year
the intangibles of the process or system, not zero.
F P2 118576.818
the physical entities (buildings, machines, P = (1+i)n = (1+i)n = (1+0.16)2 = 88121.89
and equipment).
b. Present worth of $10000.
1680. The sum of the exponents of all its 10000
variables. P = (1+0.16)6 = 4104.42
a. degree of a monomial (answer)
b. degree of a polynomial c. Present worth of $15000.
c. degree of an expression 15000
P = (1+0.16)16 = 1395.608
d. degree of an equation

1681. If the net external force acting on a The total present worth in year zero is
system of objects is zero, the vector sum of PT = 88121.89 + 4104.42 + 1395.608
the momenta of the objects will remain = $93621.918
constant.
a. Conservation of Angular Momentum ii. Future worth FT in year 22.
b. Conservation of Linear Momentum FT = PT(1 + i)n = 93621.918 (1 + 0.16)22
(answer) = $2451620.799
c. Conservation of Energy
d. Conservation of Electric Charge iii. Annual series over all 22 years.
(1+i)n −1
P = A� i(1+i)n
�
1682. A polynomial with five terms. (1+0.16)22 −1
a. binomial 93621.918 = A �0.16(1+0.16)22 �
b. trinomial A = $15574.25278
c. quadrinomial

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 171
or answer: True. By definition, r = interest rate
per time period × number of periods.
(1+i)n −1
F = A� i
�
(1+0.16)22 −1
1690. Find the degree of each polynomial.
2451620.799 = A � 0.16
� i. 5mn2
A = $15574.25278 ii. -4x2y2 + 3x2 + 1
iii. 3a + 7ab – 2a2b + 99
2x 2 iv. 20x4t7q56
1686. Add: x+1 + x+1
Solution: Answer:
2x 2 2x+2 2(x+1)
x+1
+ x+1 = x+1 = x+1 = 2 Degree of each polynomial:
i. 5mn2: 1 + 2 = 3
1687. _______________ A point lies at (4, ii. -4x2y2 + 3x2 + 1 = 2 + 2 = 4
4) on a rectangular coordinate system. Give iii. 3a + 7ab – 2a2b + 99 = 2 + 1 = 3
its address in polar coordinates (r, θ). iv. 20x4t7q56: 4 + 7 + 56 = 67
Solution:
15
a−
a−2
1691. Simplify: .
a+3
Solution:
To divide fractions, invert the divisor then
multiply. Simplify first the numerator.
The LCD of the numerator is a – 2. Multiply
a−2
“a” by , then simplify the numerator.
a−2
15 a−2 15 a2 −2a 15
a− a∙ − −
a−2
= a−2 a−2
= a−2 a−2
a+3 a+3 a+3
a2 −2a−15

= a−2
a+3
The numerator is now simplified, we can
now invert the divisor then multiply.
The triangle formed is a 45° - 45° - 90° right
triangle. Therefore, r = 4√2, and θ = 45°. a2 −2a−15 a2 −2a−15
In rectangular coordinates, the address of a2 −2a−15 1
a−2
= a−2
a+3 = ×
our point is (4, 4). In polar coordinates, the a+3 a−2 a+3
1
address is (4√2, 45°) in degrees or (4√2, a2 −2a−15 (a−5)(a+3)
π/4) in radians. = (a−2)(a+3) = (a−2)(a+3)
a−5
=
1688. State whether each expression is a a−2
polynomial. If it is a polynomial, identify if
it is a monomial, binomial or trinomial. 1692. A type of function in which the
i. 2a – 4bc variable is the exponent, is called
ii. 4m4 + 9m-7 exponential function.
iii. -20
iv. 5d2 + 9d + d -3 1693. Find the modulus of each of the
v. -2y + 4a – 234 complex numbers:
Solution: i. 7
i. 2a – 4bc: polynomial, binomial ii. 5i
iii. 3 + 4i
ii. 4m4 + 9m-7: not a polynomial because Solution:
9 The absolute value or modulus of the
9m-7 = m7 is not a monomial
complex number z = x + yi is the distance
from the origin to the point (x, y) in the
iii. -20: polynomial, monomial complex plane. If this distance is denoted by
r, then
iv. 5d2 + 9d + d - 3: polynomial, trinomial
r = |z| = |x + yi| = �x 2 + y 2
It can be simplified to 5d2 + 10d – 3
v. -2y + 4a – 234: polynomial, trinomial
i. 7: z = 7 + 0i
1689. True or False. A nominal interest rate r = |z| = |x + yi| = �x 2 + y 2 = √72 + 02 = 7
r is an interest rate that does not account for
compounding. ii. 5i: z = 0 + 5i
r = |z| = |x + yi| = �x 2 + y 2 = √02 + 52 = 5

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 172
iii. 3 + 4i: z = 3 + 4i P = 114.6 million tons
r = |z| = |x + yi| = �x 2 + y 2 = √32 + 42 = 5 i = 6.6% = 0.066
n = 2019 – 1950 = 69
1694. In 1971, there were 294,105 females
participating in high school sports. Since F = 114.6 (1 – 0.066)69 = 1.03 Million Tons
then, that number has increased an average
of 8.5% per year. How many females 1699. Find (3x2 + 13x3 + 5x) – (7x + 4x3)
participated in high school sports in the year Solution:
2019? Remove all parenthesis by applying the
Solution: distributive property, then combine like
The general equation for exponential growth terms.
is F = P(1 + i)n, where F represents the final (3x2 + 13x3 + 5x) – (7x + 4x3)
amount, P represents the initial amount, i = 3x2 + 13x3 + 5x – 7x - 4x3
represents the rate of change expressed as = 13x3 - 4x3 + 3x2 + 5x – 7x
decimal, and n represents time. = 9x3 + 3x2 – 2x
P = 294105
i = 8.5% = 0.085 1700. A precast reinforced concrete
n = 2019 – 1971 = 48 structure is laid on the ground as shown.
Find its volume and lateral area.
F = 294105(1 + 0.085)48 = 14,761,478

1695. Find the area of triangle ABC if A =

35.1°, b = 2.43 kilometers, and
c = 3.57 kilometers.
Solution:
The area of a triangle is given by
1 1 1
A = 2 ab sin C = 2 bc sin A = 2 ac sin B

1 1
A = 2 bc sin A = 2 (2.43)(3.57) sin 35.1
= 2.494 square kilometers Solution:
Let x be the length of the other leg of the
1696. Find (3x2 – 4x + 8) + (2x – 7x2 - 5) right triangle
Solution:
First, remove the parenthesis by applying By Pythagorean theorem,
distributive property, then combine like 132 = 52 + x2
terms. x = 12 m
(3x2 – 4x + 8) + (2x – 7x2 - 5)
= 3x2 – 4x + 8 + 2x – 7x2 - 5 The volume is equal to the area of the right
= 3x2 – 7x2 - 4x + 2x + 8 – 5 triangle multiplied by the length of the
= -4x2 – 2x + 3 structure.
1
V = 2 (5)(12)(20) = 600 m3
1697. True or False. An effective interest
rate i is a rate wherein the compounding of The lateral area is the sum of the areas of the
interest is taken into account. faces excluding the area of the base.
1
A = 2 �2� (5)(12) + 5(20) + 13(20)
1698. In 1950, the use of coal by residential
and commercial users was 114.6 million = 420m2
tons. Many businesses now use cleaner
sources of energy. As a result, the use of 1701. The period of time over which the
coal has decreased by 6.6% per year. interest is expressed.
Estimate the estimated amount of coal that a. Interest period (t) (answer)
will be used in 2019. b. Compounding period (CP)
c. Compounding frequency (m)
Solution: d. None of the above.
The general equation for exponential decay
is F = P(1 - i)n, where F represents the final 1702. Find -2m2(3m2k – 7m + 10).
amount, P represents the initial amount, i Solution:
represents the rate of change expressed as Apply distributive property.
decimal, and n represents time. -2m2(3m2k – 7m + 10)
= -6m4k – 14m3 – 20m2

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 173
1
1703. The shortest time unit over which cos θ = 1.09
interest is charged or earned. 1
a. Interest period (t) θ = cos-1�1.09� = 23.45°
b. Compounding period (CP) (answer)
c. Compounding frequency (m) 1710. Find the 4th term of the GP 4, -8, 16, ..
d. None of the above. Solution:
−8 16
common ratio, r = 4 = −8 − 2
1704. Find C if cot C = 0.098
4th term = 16(-2) = -32
Solution:
cot C = 0.098
1 1711. Which of the following is the sum of
= 0.098 y−2 y−2
tan C
2
y +4y+4
+ y+2
?
1
tan C = 0.098 Solution:
1
C = tan �0.098� = 84.4°
-1 In order for the two fractions to be added,
they must have the same denominators.
1705. A farmer buys a tractor for $50,000. If Factor the denominators and find the LCD.
the tractor depreciates 10% per year, find the LCD is the LCM of the denominators.
value of the tractor in 7 years.
Solution: y+2=y+2
The general equation for exponential y2 + 4y + 4 = (y + 2)(y + 2)
decay is F = P(1 - i)n, where F represents the Use each factor the greatest number of times
final amount, P represents the initial amount, it appears in any of the factorizations.
i represents the rate of change expressed as
decimal, and n represents time. LCD = (y + 2)(y + 2) = (y + 2)2
P = $50,000 y−2 y+2
i = 10% = 0.1 Multiply y+2 by y+2 to arrive at the LCD
n=7
y−2 y−2 y−2 y−2 y+2
7 y2 +4y+4
+ y+2 = (y+2)(y+2) + y+2 ∙ y+2
F = 50000 (1 – 0.1) = $23,914.845
y−2 (y−2)(y+2) y−2+�y2 −22 �
= (y+2)2 + (y+2)2 = (y+2)2
Alternate solution: y−2+y2 −4 y2 +y−6
1st year = 50000 – 50000(0.1) = 45000 = (y+2)2 = (y+2)2
2nd year = 45000 – 45000(0.1) = 40500
3rd year = 40500 – 40500(0.1) = 36450 1712. A vector having a magnitude of zero
4th year = 36450 – 36450(0.1) = 32805 is called a zero vector and is denoted by 0.
5th year = 32805 – 32805(0.1) = 29524.5
6th year = 29524.5–29524.5(0.1) = 26572.05 1713. Find the 6th term of a geometric
7th year = 26572.05 - 26572.05(0.1) sequence with first term of 3 and common
= 23,914.845 ratio of -5.
Solution:
1706. In a prism, the lateral faces intersect at an = amrn-m ; where: an = nth term
the lateral edges. am = any term before an
r = common ratio
1707. The number of times that a6 = a1r6-1
compounding occurs within the interest a6 = 3(-5)5 = -9375
period t.
a. Interest period (t) 1714. One card is drawn from a standard
b. Compounding period (CP) deck of cards. What is the probability that
c. Compounding frequency (m) (answer) the card drawn is a heart or a diamond?
d. None of the above. Solution:
There are 52 cards in a standard deck of
1708. geometric sequence. A sequence in cards. 13 are diamonds, 13 are hearts, 13 are
which each term after the nonzero first term clubs and 13 are spades.
is found by multiplying the previous term by
a constant called the common ratio r, where Since a card cannot be both a heart and a
r ≠ 0. diamond, the events are mutually exclusive.
13 1
P[diamond] = 52 = 4
1709. Find θ if sec θ = 1.09.
13 1
Solution: P[heart] = 52 = 4
sec θ = 1.09
1 1 1 1
cos θ
= 1.09 P[diamond or heart] = 4 + 4 = 2

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 174
1715. Missing term(s) between two non- Apply distributive property then combine
consecutive terms in a geometric sequence is like terms.
called geometric means. (x + 3)(x + 2) = x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)
= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6 = x2 + 5x + 6
1716. Simplify 4(3a2 + 5a) – a(a2 – 7d + 12)
Solution: 1722. The probability of every possible
Apply distributive property then combine value of the random variable X is called a
like terms. probability distribution.
4(3a2 + 5a) – a(a2 – 7a + 12)
= 12a2 + 20a – a3 + 7a2 – 12a 1723. The table shows the probability
= -a3 + 19a2 + 8a distribution of the number of vehicles per
household in an area.
1717. random variable A variable whose Vehicles per Household
value is the numerical outcome of a random x = number of Probability
event. vehicles
0 0.10
1718. The owner of a pet store asked 1 0.42
customers how many pets they owned. The 2 0.36
result of this survey is tabulated below. 3+ 0.12
Number of Pets Number of Customers What is the probability that a household has
0 3 fewer than 2 vehicles?
1 37 Solution:
2 33 The probability of a compound event is the
3 18 sum of the probabilities of each individual
4 9 event. The probability of a household having
fewer than 2 vehicles is the sum of the
i. Find the probability that a randomly- probability of 0 vehicles and the probability
chosen customer has 2 pets. of 1 vehicle.
P(X < 2) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) = 0.1 + 0.42 = 0.52
ii. Find the probability that a randomly-
chosen customer has at least 3 pets. 1724. Which of the following can be a
geometric mean in the sequence
Solution: 2, _____, 18?
i. There is only one outcome in which there a. 3
are 2 pets owned, and there are 100 survey b. 4
results. c. 5
d. 6 (answer)
2 pets owned 33
P(x = 2) = customers surveyed = 100 = 33%
Solution:
The geometric mean between two numbers x
ii. There are 18 + 9 = 27 outcomes in which and y is given by
a customer owns at least 3 pets.
at least 3 pets owned 27 GM = �xy = �2(18) = √36 = 6
P(x ≥ 2) = customers surveyed = 100 = 27%
So the sequence is: 2, 6, 18
1719. Solve:
y(y - 12) + y(y + 2) + 25 = 2y(y + 5) - 15 Alternate solution:
Solution: Let the missing number be z.
Apply distributive property then combine 2, z, 18
like terms. 𝑧𝑧 18
common ratio = 2 = 𝑧𝑧
y(y - 12) + y(y + 2) + 25 = 2y(y + 5) – 15 𝑧𝑧 18
y2 – 12y + y2 + 2y + 25 = 2y2 + 10y - 15 2
= 𝑧𝑧
2
2y2 – 10y + 25 = 2y2 + 10y – 15 z = 2(18) = 36
2y2 - 2y2 -10y – 10y = -15 – 25 z=6
-20y = -40
y=2 Note: -6 can also be a geometric mean
between 2 and 18.
1720. rational equations. Equations that
contain rational expressions. 1725. A prism with lateral edges that are
also altitudes is called a right prism.
1721. Find (x + 3)(x + 2)
Solution: x−5 x2
1726. Multiply: x
∙ x2 −2x−15

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 175
Solution:
Factor the numerator and denominator. Then V = 337.2(8) = 2697.6 cm3
cancel out common factors.
x−5 x2 x−5 x∙x x Note: My formula for the area of an
x
∙ x2 −2x−15 = x
∙ (x−5)(x+3) = x+3 1
isosceles triangle: A = 2 x 2 sin θ came from
1
1727. A prism with lateral edges that are not the formula A = 2 ab sin C
perpendicular to the bases, is called oblique
prism. 1730. Convert the following to rectangular
coordinates.
1728. radical expression. Any expression i. (3, 270°)
that contains the radical symbol. 3π
ii. �−√2, 4 �
1729. Find the lateral area, surface area and iii. (4, 30°)
volume of the regular pentagonal prism
shown. Solution:
To convert from polar coordinates to
rectangular coordinates, we substitute the
given values of r and θ into the equations
x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ
i. (3, 270°)
x = 3 cos 270 = 3(0) = 0
Solution:
i. lateral area, LA y = 3 sin 270 = 3(-1) = -3
LA = Pbh; where Pb = perimeter of the base
h = height
LA = 14(5)(8) = 560 cm2

ii. surface area, SA

SA = LA + A[bases]
where LA = lateral area
A[bases] = area of bases

The point (0, -3) in rectangular coordinates

to (3, 270°) in polar coordinates.

3π
ii. �−√2, 4
�
3π √2
The base is a regular pentagon. It is x = −√2 cos 4
= −√2 �− 2
� =1
composed of 5 congruent isosceles triangles.
360 3π √2
The angle opposite side 14 cm is 5 = 72° y = −√2 sin = −√2 � 2 � = -1
4
By law of cosines,
142 = x2 + x2 – 2(x)(x)(cos 72)
196 = 2x2 – 2x2cos 72
x2 = 141.827
1
Area[triangle] = 2 x 2 sin 72
1
= 2 (141.827) sin 72 = 67.44

Area[pentagon] = 5(67.44) = 337.2 cm2

SA = LA + A[bases] = 560 + 2(337.2)
= 1234.4 cm2

iii. volume, V
V = Abh; where Ab = area of the base
h = height

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 176
The point (1, -1) in a rectangular coordinates opposite side 6 3
i. sin B = hypotenuse 10
= =5
3π
is equivalent to �−√2, 4 �. adjacent side 8 4
ii. cos B = hypotenuse
= 10 = 5
opposite side 6 3
iii. (4, 30°) iii. tan B = adjacent side = 8 = 4
√3 1 1 5 5
x = 4 cos 30° = 4� � = 2√3 iv. csc B = sin B = =1×3=3
2 3
5
1 1 5 5
1 v. sec B = cos B = 4 =1×4= 4
y = 4 sin 30° = 4�2� = 2 5
1 1 4 4
vi. cot B = tan B = 3 =1×3= 3
4

1734. What is the equivalent future worth of

a ₱1,000,000 capital investment each year
for 8 years, starting 1 year from now if
capital earns at a rate of 14% per year?
Solution:
(1+i)n −1
F = A� i �
where F = future value of the annuity
A = amount of each annuity payment
i = interest rate
n = number of periods over which
The point �2√3, 2� in rectangular payments are to be made
coordinates is equivalent to (4,30°) in polar
coordinates. (1+0.14)8 −1
F = 1000000� 0.14
� = $13,232,760.16
1731. radicand. The expression under the
radical sign. 1735. Simplify √12.
Solution:
1732. Find the product: (2y + 3)(6y - 7) √12 = √4 × 3 = √22 × 3 = 2√3
Solution:
(2y + 3)(6y - 7) = 2y(6y - 7) + 3(6y - 7) 1736. Muhammad Ali raises purebred dogs.
= 12y2 – 14y + 18y – 21 One of his dogs is expecting a litter of four
= 12y2 + 4y - 21 puppies, and Muhammad Ali would like to
figure out the most likely mix of male and
1733. Use the figure below to find the six female puppies. Assume that P(male)
1
trigonometric functions of B. P(female) = 2. Find the theoretical
i. sin B
probability that there will be two female and
ii. cos B
two male puppies.
iii. tan B
Solution:
iv. csc B
Each puppy can be male or female, so there
v. sec B
are 2∙2∙2∙2 or 16 possible outcomes for the
vi. cot B
litter.
Expand:
(m + f)4 = m4 + 4b3g + 6m2f2 + 4bg3 + g4
Solution.
The term 6m2f2 represents 2 males and 2
Use Pythagorean theorem to find the length
females.
of side BC.
Then apply SOH-CAH-TOA find i, ii, and 6
iii. P(2 female, 2 males) = 16 = 0.375
(BC)2 = 102 - 62 = 100 - 36 = 64
5x2 10x3
BC = √64 = 8 1737. Find the quotient: 7 ÷ 21 .
Solution:
Invert the divisor, then multiply.
5x2 10x3 5x2 21 105x2 3
÷ = × 10x3 = = 2x
7 21 7 70x3

1738. The Unit of Work in the SI is newton

– meter or joule.

1739. The upper base of a trapezoid is

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 177
3x – 7, the lower base is 2x + 1 and the 1 hour
t = 15322.58065 seconds × 3600 seconds
height is x + 2. Find its area.
= 4.256 hours
Solution:
The area of a trapezoid is given by the
h 1746. Find the lateral area, surface area and
equation A = 2 (a + b) where: h = height, a volume of the triangular prism shown. All
and b = length of the two bases dimensions are in cm.
h
A = 2 (a + b)
x+2
= [(2x + 1 ) + (3x – 7)]
2
x+2 x+2
= (2x + 1 + 3x – 7) = (5x − 6)
2 2
x
= � 2 + 1� (5x − 6) Solution:
x
= 2 (5x − 6) + 1(5x − 6)
5x2 Let h be the hypotenuse of the triangular
= 2
− 3x + 5x − 6 base.
5x2 By pythagorean theorem,
= 2
+ 2x − 6
h2 = 92 + 82
h = 12.04
1740. angle. Formed by two rays with the
same end point.
i.
lateral area = perimeter of the base × height
1741. The common end point of an angle is
LA = Pbh
called the _____ of the angle, and the rays
= (8 + 9 + 12.04)(5) = 145.2 cm2
are called the _____ of the angle.
ii.
a. center; radius
surface area = lateral area + area of the bases
b. concurrent point; edges
SA = LA + A[bases]
c. vertex; sides (angle) 1
d. face; vertex = 145.2 + 2�2� (8)(9) = 217.2 cm2

1742. Simplify: (8v + 3w)2 iii.

Solution: volume = area of the base × height
(8v + 3w)2 = (8v + 3w)(8v + 3w) 1
V = Abh = �2� (8)(9)(5) = 180 cm3
= 8v(8v + 3w) + 3w(8v + 3w)
= 64v2 + 24vw + 24vw + 9w2
= 64v2 + 48vw + 9w2 1747. How many significant digits are in
each of the following?
1743. The sum of the vectors U and V, The number of significant digits (or figures)
written U + V, is called the resultant in a number is found by counting all the
vector. digits from left to right beginning with the
first nonzero digit on the left. When no
12 4 decimal point is present, trailing zeros are
1744. Solve: x+5 = x+2 not considered significant.
Solution:
12 4
x+5
= x+2 i. 0.072 = two significant digits
12(x + 2) = 4(x + 5) [Cross-multiply] ii. 0.0006 = one significant digit
12x + 24 = 4x + 20 iii. 29.5 = three significant digits
8x = -4 iv. 9.000 = four significant digits
−1 v. 4300. = four significant digits
x= 2
vi. 2000 = one significant digit

1745. A space probe that is 2.85 × 109 miles 1748. Find the prime factorization of 120.
away from Earth sends radio signals to Solution:
NASA. If the radio signals travel at the 120 = 2 × 60 = 2 × 2 × 30
speed of light (186,000 miles per second), = 2 × 2 × 2 × 15 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
how long will it take the signals to reach = 23 × 3 × 5
NASA?
Solution: 1749. Three different bank loan rates for
d = Vt; where: d = distance, V = speed and construction equipment are listed below.
t = time Determine the effective rate on the basis of
2.85 × 10 = 186,000t
9
the compounding period for each rate.
t = 15322.58065 seconds a. 9% per year, compounded quarterly.
However, 1 hour = 3600 seconds
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 178
b. 9% per year, compounded monthly. 1754. A whole number, greater than 1,
c. 4.5% per 6 months, compounded weekly. whose only factors are 1 and itself, is called
prime number.
Solution:
Nominal r% per t r 1755. When the rotation from the initial side
i = Compounding Frequency = m
to the terminal side takes place in a counter
clockwise direction, the angle formed is
a. 9% per year, compounded quarterly. considered a positive angle.
r 9% per year 0.09
i=m= 4
= 4 = 2.25%
1756. A whole number, greater than 1, that
b. 9% per year, compounded monthly. has more than two factors is called a
r 9% per year 0.09 composite number.
i=m= 12
= 12 = 0.75%
1757. If the rotation is in a clockwise
c. 4.5% per 6 months, compounded weekly. direction, the angle formed is a negative
r 4.5% per 6 months 0.045
i=m= 26
= 12 = 0.173% angle.

1750. If A + B = 90°, then which of the 1758. Which of the following is not a prime
following is correct? number?
a. sin A = cos B a. 9 (answer)
b. sec A = csc B b. 3
c. cot B = tan A c. 2
d. All of the above (answer) d. 47

Solution Solution:
A trigonometric function of an angle is 9 = 3*3 (composite number)
always equal to the cofunction of the
n+1 2n+2
complement of the angle. Examples: 1759. Find the quotient: n+3 ÷ n+4
sin 40 = cos 50; sec 40 = csc 50 and tan 40 = Solution:
cot = 50 Invert the divisor then multiply.
n+1 2n+2 n+1 n+4
n+3
÷ n+4
= n+3
× 2n+2
1751. Find the prime factorization of -150.
n+1 n+4
Solution: = n+3 × 2(n+1)
A negative integer is factored completely 1 n+4
when it is expressed as the product of -1 and = n+3 × 2
n+4 n+4
prime numbers. = 2(n+3) = 2n+6

-150 = −1 × 150 = −1 × 2 × 75 1760.

= −1 × 2 × 3 × 25 i. Angles that measure 90° are called right
= −1 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 angles.
ii. Angles that measure 180° are called
1752. A toy train moves along a winding straight angles.
track at an average speed of 0.25 m/s. How iii. Angles that measure between 0° and 90°
far will it travel in 4 minutes? are called acute angles.
Solution: iv. Angles that measure between 90° and
d
v= t 180° are called obtuse angles.
where v = speed, d = distance and v. If two angles have a sum of 90°, then they
t = time are called complementary angles.
vi. If two angles have a sum of 180°, then
Convert 4 minutes to seconds. they are called supplementary angles.
60 seconds
4 minutes × 1 minute = 240 secs
1761. Erg is another unit for work. Which of
the following is equivalent to 1 erg?
d
v= t
a. -10-7 joules
d b. 10-17 joules
0.25 m/s = 240 s
c. 107 joules
d = 60 m d. 10-7 joules (answer)
1753. An arithmetic gradient series is a 1762. The base of a rectangular prism is 2.5
cash flow series that either increases or ft. by 3 ft. If the height is 1.5 ft, find the
decreases by a constant amount each period. surface area of this prism.
The amount of change is called the gradient. Solution:
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 179
A rectangular prism is also a cuboid. The = 2√30
surface area is
SA = 2LW + 2LH + 2WH 1769. A company manufactures high-
SA = 2(3)(2.5) + 2(3)(1.5) + 2(2.5)(1.5) performance battery electric vehicles. An
SA = 31.5 ft2 engineer is on a committee to evaluate bids
for new-generation coordinate-measuring
1763. Defender and challenger are the machinery to be directly linked to the
names for two mutually exclusive automated manufacturing of high-precision
alternatives. The defender is the currently vehicle components. Three bids include the
installed asset, and the challenger is the interest rates that vendors will charge on
potential replacement. A replacement study unpaid balances. To get a clear
compares these two alternatives. understanding of finance costs, the
management asked the engineer to
5c+10
1764. Find the quotient: c+5 ÷ (c + 2) determine the effective semi-annual and
Solution: annual interest rates for each bid. The bids
Invert the divisor, then multiply. are as follows:
5c+10 5c+10 (c+2) Bid 1: 9% per year, compounded quarterly
÷ (c + 2) = ÷ Bid 2: 3% per quarter, compounded
c+5 c+5 1
5c+10 1 5(c+2) 1 5
= c+5
× (c+2) = × (c+2) = c+5 quarterly
c+5
Bid 3: 8.8% per year, compounded monthly
a. Determine the effective rate for each bid
1765. If the nominal rate is 18% per year,
on the basis of semi-annual periods.
compounded quarterly, what is the effective
b. What are the effective annual rates?
rate per year?
c. Which bid has the lowest effective annual
Solution:
r m
rate?
effective i = (1 + i)m – 1 = �1 + m� − 1 Solution:
0.18 4 a. Determine the effective rate for each bid
= �1 + 4
� − 1 = 19.252% on the basis of semi-annual periods.

1766. A monomial is in factored form Bid 1.

when it is expressed as the product of prime r = 9% per year = 4.5% per 6 months
numbers and variables and no variable has m = 2 quarters per 6 months
an exponent greater than 1. r m
eff. iper 6 months = �1 + m� − 1
0.045 2
1767. The weight of wet snow is 0.575 times = �1 + 2
� − 1 = 4.55%
the volume of snow in cubic inches divided
by 144. How many pounds of wet snow
Bid 2.
would a person shovel in a rectangular
r = 3% per quarter = 6% per 6 months
driveway 25 feet by 10 feet after 12 inches
m = 2 quarters per 6 months
of snow have fallen? r m
Solution: eff. iper 6 months = �1 + m� − 1
From the problem, the formula for weight is 0.06 2
0.575V(cu.in.) = �1 + 2
� − 1 = 6.09%
weight (lbs) = 144
Bid 3.
Convert first all dimensions to inches. Then r = 8.8% per year = 4.4% per 6 months
find the volume of snow. m=6
r m
25 feet = 300 inches eff. iper 6 months = �1 + m� − 1
10 feet = 120 inches 0.044 6
= �1 + 6
� − 1 = 4.44%
V = 300(120)(12) = 432,000 in3
b. What are the effective annual rates?
0.575(432,000 ) Bid 1.
weight (lbs) = 144
= 1725 lbs
r = 9% per year
m = 4 quarters per year
1768. Simplify √120. r m
eff. iper year = �1 + m� − 1
Solution:
Find the prime factorization of 120. 0.09 4
= �1 + 4
� − 1 = 9.31%
√120 = √2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
= √22 × 2 × 3 × 5 Bid 2.
= 2√2 × 3 × 5 r = 3% per quarter = 12% per year

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 180
m = 4 quarters per year The ground speed of the airplane is 208.86
r m miles per hour.
eff. iper year = �1 + m� − 1
0.12 4
= �1 + 4
� − 1 = 12.55% 1771. Find √3 ∙ √15.
Solution:
Bid 3. √3 ∙ √15 = √3 ∙ √3 ∙ √5 = √32 ∙ √5
r = 8.8% per year = 3√5
m = 12 months per year
r m 1772. What is the complement of 49°?
eff. iper year = �1 + m� − 1
Solution:
0.088 12
= �1 + 12
� − 1 = 9.16% The sum of two complementary angles is
90°, so the complement of 49° is 90° - 49° =
c. Which bid has the lowest effective annual 41°.
rate? Bid 3
1773. What is the supplement of 49°?
1770. An airplane is flying with an airspeed Solution:
of 185 miles per hour with heading 120°. The sum of two supplementary angles is
The wind currents are running at a constant 180°, so the supplement of 49° is 180° - 49°
32 miles per hour at 165° clockwise from = 131°.
due north. Find the true course and ground
speed of the plane. 1774. Simplify �40x 4 y 5 z 3 .
Solution: Solution:
The heading of an object is the angle, �40x 4 y 5 z 3 = �4 ∙ 10x 4 y 4 y1 z 2 z1
measured clockwise from due north, to the = 2x 2 y 2 z�10y1 z1
vector representing the intended path of the
object. = 2x 2 y 2 z�10yz
The true course of an object is the angle,
measured clockwise from due north, to the 1775. A local university has initiated a logo-
vector representing the actual path of the licensing program with a local company.
object. Estimated fees (revenues) are $80,000 for
the first year with uniform increases to a
total of $200,000 by the end of year 9. Find
the gradient.
Solution:
CFn = base amount + (n - 1)G
where G = gradient
CFn = cash flow in year n

The year 1 base amount is CF1 = $80000.

200,000 = 80,000 + (9 - 1)G
120,000 = 8G
G = $15,000 per year

1776. A reinforced concrete tank in the form

of a rectangular parallelepiped has inside
α = 180 – 120 = 60° dimensions of 20m by 30m by 50m, what is
the capacity of this tank?
θ = 360 – (α + 165) = 360 – (60 + 165) Solution:
= 135° V = LWH = (20)(30)(50) = 30000m3
However, 1 m3 = 264 gallons
264 gallons
By cosine rule, V = 30000m3 × 1 m3
= 7920000 gal
x2 = 1852 + 322 – 2(185)(32)(cos 135)
x = 208.86 miles per hour 1777. A student driving a car travels 10 km
in 30 min. What was his average speed in
By cosine rule, m/s?
322=208.862+1852 – 2(208.86)(185)(cos β) Solution:
-76823.4996 = -77278.2 cos β Convert 10 km to m and 30 min to sec.
β = 6.22° 1000 m
10 km × 1 km = 10000 m
The true course of the airplane is 60 sec
120° + 6.22° = 126.22° 30 min × 1 min
= 1800 sec

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 181
d 1781. The greatest common factor is the
v = t ; where d = distance, v = speed and
greatest number that is a factor of two or
t = time
more numbers.
10000 m
v= 1800 s
= 5.56 m/s 1782. Market value is the current value of
the installed asset if it were sold or traded on
1778. If the axis of a cylinder is also the the open market. Also called trade-in value.
altitude, then the cylinder is called a right
cylinder. 1783. If two or more integers or monomials
have a GCF of 1, then the integers or
1779. A motorboat is crossing a river that monomials are said to be relatively prime /
runs due north. The motorboat is pointed coprime.
due east and is moving through the water at
12 miles per hour. If the current of the river 1784. An office has recycling barrels for
is a constant 5.1 miles per hour, find the cans and paper. The barrels are cylindrical
actual course of the motorboat through the with cardboard sides and plastic lids and
water to two significant digits. bases. Each barrel is 3 feet tall, and the
Solution: diameter is 30 inches. How many square feet
of cardboard are used to make each barrel?
Solution:
The side of a barrel is made of cardboard. So
we need to calculate the lateral area. In
lateral area, the area of the bases are not
included.
Given: h = 3 ft
15
r = 15 inches = 12 = 1.25 ft
opposite side 12 lateral area = perimeter of the base × height
tan θ = adjacent side = 5.1 LA = Pbh = 2πrh = 2π(1.25)(3) = 23.56 ft2
12
θ = tan-1 5.1 = 66.97°
1785. At a certain place, engineers estimated
that a total of $500,000 will be deposited at
By Pythagorean theorem, the end of next year into an account for the
V2 = 122 + 5.12 = 170.01 repair of old and safety-questionable bridges
V = 13.04 miles per hour throughout the area. Further, they estimated
that the deposits will increase by $100,000
The actual course of the motorboat is 13.04 per year for only 9 years thereafter, then
miles per hour at N 66.97°E. cease. If interest rate is 5% per year,
determine:
1780. A company plans to place money in a i. the equivalent present worth
new venture capital fund that currently ii. annual series amounts
returns 18% per year, compounded daily.
What effective rate is this Solution:
a. yearly? i. PT = PA ± PG
b. semi-annually? where: PT = total present worth
PA = present worth of the uniform
Solution: series
a. r =18% per year; m = 365 days PG = present worth of the gradient
r m
eff. iper year = �1 + m� − 1 series
0.18 365
= �1 + 365 � −1 (1+i)n −1 (1+0.05)10 −1
PA = A� i(1+i)n
� = 500000�0.05(1+0.05)10 �
= 19.72%
= $3860867.465
b. r =18% per year = 9% per six months
G (1+i)n −1 n
m = 182 days PG = i � i(1+i)n
−
(1+i)n
�
r m
eff. iper six months = �1 + m� − 1 100000 (1+0.05)10 −1 10
= 0.05
�0.05(1+0.05)10 − (1+0.05)10�
0.09 182
= �1 + 182 � −1 = $3165204.788
= 9.41%
PT = PA + PG
= $3860867.465 + $3165204.788
= $7026072.253

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 182
ii. AT = AA ± AG The prime factors common to them are 2, 3,
where: AT = annual worth 3, x and y. So the GCF is
AA = base amount series annual GCF 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 3 ∙ x ∙ y = 18xy
worth
AG = gradient series annual worth 1792. Types of triangles.
i. equilateral triangle. All three sides are of
AA = $500,000 equal length and all three angles are equal.

1 n ii. isosceles triangle. It has two equal sides

AG = G� i − (1+i)n−1�
1 10
and two equal angles.
= 100000�0.05 − (1+0.05)10 −1�
= $409908.5007 iii. If all the sides and angles are different,
the triangle is called scalene triangle.
AT = $500,000 + $409,908.5007
= $909,908.5007 iv. acute triangle. All three angles are
acute.
1786. When a whole number is expressed as
the product of factors that are all prime v. obtuse triangle. It has exactly one obtuse
numbers, the expression is called the prime angle.
factorization of the number.
vi. right triangle. It has one right angle.
1787. Find the greatest common factor of
x−2 x−3 1
20, 60 and 120. 1793. Solve: x − x−6 = x
Solution:
Solution: Multiply both sides by the LCD to eliminate
The GCF of two or more integers is the denominators. The LCD is x(x - 6).
product of the prime factors common to the x−2 x−3 1
� x − x−6 = x� x(x − 6)
integers.
20 = 2 × 2 × 5 (x - 2)(x - 6) – x(x - 3) = x - 6
60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 x2 – 6x – 2x + 12 – x2 + 3x = x - 6
120 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 -5x + 12 = x – 6
6x = 18
The prime factors common to them are 2, 2, x=3
and 5. The prime factor 3 is only common to
60 and 120. So the greatest common factor 1794. The true course of an object is the
is angle, measured clockwise from due north,
GCF = 2 × 2 × 5 = 20 to the vector representing the actual path of
the object.
1788. AW values are used as the primary
economic measure of comparison between 1795. rationalizing the denominator. A
the defender and challenger. method used to eliminate radicals from the
denominator of a fraction.
1789. Factor the monomial -66xy2
completely. 1796. For an interest rate of 18% per year,
compounded continuously, calculate the:
Solution: effective monthly interest rate
-66xy2 = -1(66xy2) = -1(2)(33)(x)(y)(y) effective annual interest rate
= -1(2)(3)(11)(x)(y)(y) Solution:
a. The nominal monthly rate is
1790. The heading of an object is the angle, r = 18%/12 = 1.5%, or 0.015 per month
measured clockwise from due north to the
vector representing the intended path of the The effective monthly rate is
object i% per month = er – 1 = e0.015 – 1 = 1.511%

1791. Find the GCF of 36x2y and 54xy2z. b. The effective annual rate is
Solution: i% per year = er – 1 = e0.18 – 1 = 19.722%
The GCF of two or more integers is the
product of the prime factors common to the 1797. In the right triangle shown, find:
integers. i. a
36x2y = 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 3 ∙ x ∙ x ∙ y ii. b
54xy2z = 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 3 ∙ 3 ∙ x ∙ y ∙ y ∙ z iii. B

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 183
1803. Economic service life (ESL) for an
alternative is the number of years at which
the lowest AW of cost occurs.
2
1804. Rationalize the denominator: 6−√3.
Solution:
Rationalizing a denominator is removing
radical symbols in the denominator.
Solution:
a
i. sin 40 = 12 To rationalize the denominator, multiply the
a = 12 sin 40 = 7.7 m 6+√3
fraction by 1. Let that 1 be 6+√3. So
b 2 6+√3 12+2√3 12+2√3 12+2√3
ii. cos 40 = 12 6−√3
× 6+√3 = 2 = =
(6)2 −�√3� 36−3 33
b = 12 cos 40 = 9.2 m
Note 1: 6 − √3 and 6 + √3 are called
iii. B = 90° - 40° = 50°
conjugates.
1798. Simplify by rationalizing the
Note 2. Remember the identity:
√10
denominator:
√3
a2 – b2 = (a - b)(a + b)
Solution: It can be useful to any type of problem.
Rationalizing a denominator is removing
radical symbols in the denominator. 1805. For the motion illustrated in the figure
To rationalize the denominator, multiply the below, what are the amplitude, period, and
√3 frequency?
fraction by 1. Let that 1 be . So
√3
√10 √3 √3×10 √30 √30
× = = √32
= 3
√3 √3 √3×3

1799. A kid stands 6 m from the base of a

flagpole which is 8 m tall. Determine the
magnitude of the displacement of the brass
eagle on top of the pole with respect to the Solution:
youngster’s feet. The amplitude is the maximum
Solution: displacement from the equilibrium position
The geometry corresponds to a 3-4-5 right and so is 0.75 cm. The period is the time for
triangle one complete cycle, the time from A to B,
(i.e., 3 × 2 − 4 × 2 − 5 × 2 = 6×8×10). Thus, for example. Therefore, the period is 0.2 s.
the hypotenuse, which is the 5-side, must be The frequency is
10 m long, and that’s the magnitude of the 1 1
f = T = 0.2 s = 5 cycles/s = 5Hz
displacement.

√7x y2 +3y+2 y+2

1800. Rationalize the denominator: 1806. 4
÷ y+1
√8
Solution: Solution:
Rationalizing a denominator is removing Invert the divisor, then proceed to
radical symbols in the denominator. multiplication.
y2 +3y+2 y+2 y2 +3y+2 y+1
To rationalize the denominator, multiply the
4
÷ y+1 = 4
× y+2
√8
fraction by 1. Let that 1 be . So (y+2)(y+1) y+1 (y+1)(y+1) (y+1)2
√8 = × y+2 = =
√7x √8 √56x √4∙14x 2√14x √14x 4 4 4
× = = √8 2
= =
√8 √8 √8×8 8 4
−4 3
1807. Solve: y+1 + y = 1
1801. A geometric gradient series is a cash
Solution:
flow series that either increases or decreases
Multiply both sides of the equation by the
by a constant percentage each period. The
LCD to eliminate denominators. The LCD is
uniform change is called the rate of change.
y(y + 1).
−4 3
1802. Binomials of the form p�q + r√s and �y+1 + y = 1� y(y + 1)
p�q − r√s are called conjugates. -4y + 3(y + 1) = y2 + y
-4y + 3y + 3 = y2 + y
y2 + 2y – 3 = 0
(y + 3)(y - 1) = 0
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 184
y + 3 = 0 or y – 1 = 0 3a – 6 = 3(a - 2)
y = -3 or y = 1 Use each factor the greatest number of times
it appears in any of the factorizations.
Check by substituting -3 and 1 into the
original equation. LCD = (a + 2)(3)(a - 2)
if y = -3
−4 3 4 a 4 a
+y = 1 3a−6
− a+2 = 3(a−2) − a+2
y+1
−4 3 4 a+2 a 3(a−2)
−3+1
+ −3 = 1 Multiply 3(a−2) by a+2 and a+2 by in
3(a−2)
2 -1 = 1 order to arrive at the LCD.
1=1 4 a 4 a+2 a 3(a−2)
3(a−2)
− a+2 = 3(a−2) ∙ a+2 − a+2 ∙
3(a−2)
4a+8 3a(a−2)
if y = 1 = 3(a−2)(a+2) −
−4 3 3(a−2)(a+2)
+ =1 4a+8 3a2 −6a
y+1 y = 3(a−2)(a+2) − 3(a−2)(a+2)
−4 3
1+1
+1=1 4a+8−�3a2 −6a� 4a+8−3a2 +6a
= 3(a−2)(a+2)
= 3(a−2)(a+2)
-2 + 3 = 1
−3a2 +10a+8
1=1 = 3(a−2)(a+2)

Therefore, the solutions are -3or 1.

1811. Solve triangle ABC if a = 34 meters,
b = 18 meters and c = 20 meters.
1808. Find the area the right triangle shown.
Find angle A, B and C.
a. 26
b. 28
Solution:
c. 30
d. 32

Solution:
By Pythagorean theorem,
132 = x2 + (x + 7)2
169 = x2 + x2 + 14x + 49
2x2 + 14x – 120 = 0
x2 + 7x – 60 = 0
(x + 12)(x - 5) = 0 [Factor] By cosine law,
x + 12 = 0 or x – 5 = 0 342 = 202 + 182 – 2(20)(18)(cos A)
432 = -720 cos A
x = -12 or x = 5
cos A = -0.6
A = cos-1 -0.6 = 53.13°
Since length cannot be negative, x = 5.
202 = 342 + 182 – 2(34)(18)(cos C)
-1080 = -1224 cos C
So the legs of the right triangle are 5 and 12,
0.882 = cos C
respectively.
C = cos-1 0.882 = 28.12°
182 = 342 + 202 – 2(34)(20)(cos B)
The area is 0.5(5)(12) = 30 square units.
-1232 = -1360 cos B
cos B = 0.906
1809. A right circular cylinder has a radius
B = cos-1 0.906 = 25.04°
of 10 kilometers and height of 30
kilometers. Find its surface area in square
kilometres.
1812. interest. The difference between an
Solution:
ending amount of money and the beginning
surface area = lateral area + area[bases]
amount.
SA = LA + A[bases]
SA = Pbh + 2(πr 2 ) = 2πrh + 2(πr 2 )
1813. Abbey has a lawn care service. One
SA = 2π(10)(30) + 2π(10)2 = 2513.274 km2
day she asked her friend Jamal to work with
4 a her. Normally, it takes Abbey two hours to
1810. 3a−6 − a+2 mow and trim Mrs. Harris’lawn. When
Solution: Jamal worked with her, the job took only 1
In order for two fractions to be added, they hour and 20 minutes. How long would it
must have the same denominators. Factor have taken Jamal to do the job himself?
the denominators then find the LCD. The Solution:
LCD is the LCM of the denominators. t t
Formula: x + y = 1
a+2=a+2
x = time it takes Abbey to work alone
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 185
= 2 hours r + 16 = 0 or r – 4 = 0
y = time it takes Jamal to work alone r = -16 or r = 4
= unknown
Since a radius cannot have a negative value,
t = time it takes if both Abbey and Jamal r = 4 units.
work together
4
= 1 hour and 20 minutes = 3 hours 1816. Using the figure below, angle D = 90
degrees. Find:
Substitute:
4 4
3
+ 3
=1
2 y
4 4
2(3)
+
y(3)
=1
4 4
6
+ 3y = 1
4 4
3y
=1−6
y = 4 hours

1814. Marvin has upgraded his powerplant.

The modification costs is $8000 and is
expected to last 6 years with a $200 salvage i. length of AB
value. The maintenance cost is $1700 the ii. area of triangle ACD
first year, increasing by 11% per year iii. area of sector BCD
thereafter. Determine the equivalent present
worth of the modification and maintenance Solution:
18
at 8% per year. i. sin 35 = AB+18
Solution: 18
AB + 18 = sin 35
PT = -8000 – PG + present value of S.V. 18
AB = sin 35 - 18 = 13.38 in
1+g n
1−� �
1+i
PG = A1 � � 18
i−g ii. tan 35 = AD
where PG = present worth of the entire 18
AD = tan 35 = 25.71 in
geometric gradient series
g = constant rate of change
A1 = initial cash flow in period 1 area [ACD] = 0.5(18)(25.71) = 231.4 in2
of the geometric series
iii.
1+0.11 6 angle ACD = 90 – angle CAD
1−� �
1+0.08
PG = 1700 � � = $10125.11163 = 90 – 35 = 55°
0.08−0.11
55
area [sector BCD] = 360 π(18)2 = 155.51 in2
present value of S.V.:
F = P(1 + i)n
S.V. = P(1 + i)n 1817. _______________ An investor
200 = P(1 + 0.08)6 requires an effective return of at least 15%.
P = $126.0339254 What is the minimum annual nominal rate
that is acceptable for continuous
PT = -8000 - 10125.11163 + 126.0339254 compounding?
= $-17,999.0777
Solution:
1815. The surface area of a right circular For effective continuous interest rate, the
cylinder is 128π square units. If the height is equation is
12 units, find its radius. i = er – 1
Solution:
surface area = lateral area + area[bases] 0.15 = er – 1
SA = LA + A[bases] 1.15 = er
SA = Pbh + 2(πr 2 ) = 2πrh + 2(πr 2 ) Take the natural logarithm of both sides.
128π = 2π(r)(12) + 2 πr 2 ln 1.15 = ln er
ln 1.15 = r
128 = 24r + 2r 2
r = 13.98%
64 = 12r + r 2
r 2 + 12r – 64 = 0
(r + 16)(r - 4) = 0
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 186
1818. In November, 1996, NASA launched
the Mars Global Surveyor. It took 309 days The side opposite the 60°
for the orbiter to travel 466,000,000 miles angle is √3 times the
from Earth to Mars. What was the speed of shortest side, so its
the spacecraft in miles per hour? Round to length is 5√3.
the nearest hundredth.
Solution:
Given: t = 309 days = 7416 hours
d = 466,000,000 miles

d = Vt; where d = distance; V = speed

t = time
Alternate solution:
466,000,000 = V(7416) Use SOH-CAH-TOA.
V = 62,837.11 miles per hour Let h be the length of the hypotenuse and a
be the length of the side opposite the 60°
1819. An engineering company leases large angle. Note that the shortest side is always
earth tunneling equipment. The net profit opposite the smallest angle.
from the equipment for each of the last 4
years has been decreasing, as shown below. 5
sin 30 = h
Also shown are the annual rates of return on
5
invested capital. The return has been h = sin 30 = 10
increasing. Determine the present worth P of
the net profit series. 5
tan 30 = a
Year 1 2 3 4 5
Net 70000 70000 35000 25000 a = tan 30 = 5√3 ≈ 8.66
Profit
Annual 7% 7% 9% 10% 1823. Scalar quantity, or scalar is one that
Rate has nothing to do with spatial direction.
Examples are length, time, temperature,
Solution: mass, density, charge, and volume.
Formula: F = P(1 + i)n
1824. In physics, energy is the quantitative
P = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 property that must be transferred to an
70000 70000 35000 25000
P = (1+0.07)1 + (1+0.07)2 + (1+0.09)3 + (1+0.07)4 object in order to perform work on, or to
heat, the object.
P = 172660.0738
1825. regular pyramid. A pyramid whose
1820. An amount of money that has been
base is a regular polygon and whose lateral
expended in the past and cannot be
edges are all equal in length.
recovered now or in the future is a sunk
cost.
1826. A cannonball is shot from a cannon
with an initial velocity of 53 miles per hour
1821. Capitalized cost is the present worth
at an angle of 60° from the horizontal. Find
of a project that has a very long life or when
the magnitudes of the horizontal and vertical
the planning horizon is considered very long
vector components of the velocity vector.
or infinite.
Solution:
1822. The shortest side of a 30° – 60° – 90°
triangle is 5, find the lengths of the other
two sides.
Solution:
In a 30° – 60° – 90° right triangle, the
longest side (hypotenuse) is twice the
shortest side (side opposite the 30° angle),
and the side of medium length (side opposite
the 60° angle) is √3 times the shortest side.

The longest side is twice the

shortest side, so the longest
side is 2(5) = 10. Vx = V cos θ = 53 cos 60 = 26.5 mph

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 187
Vy = V sin θ = 53 sin 60 = 45.9 mph 1
lateral area = 2PL; where P = perimeter of
the base
1827. In a regular pyramid, the height of
L = slant height
each lateral face is called the slant height of 1
the pyramid. LA = 2(6)(4)(12) = 144 square inches

1828. A ladder is leaning against a wall. The 1831. If Marvin made a Php 50,000
top of the ladder is 4 feet above the ground investment in a friend’s business and
and the bottom of the ladder makes an angle received Php150,000 ten years later,
of 60° with the ground. How long is the determine the rate of return.
ladder, and how far from the wall is the Solution:
bottom of the ladder? F = P(1 + i)n
Solution: 150000 = 50000(1 + i)10
In a 30° – 60° – 90° right triangle, the 3 = (1 + i)10
1
longest side (hypotenuse) is twice the Raised both sides to 10 to remove the
shortest side (side opposite the 30° angle), exponent 10 on the right side.
and the side of medium length (side opposite 1

the 60° angle) is √3 times the shortest side. 310 = 1 + i

i = 11.61%

1832. Gravitational Potential Energy. The

energy possessed by an object because of
the gravitational interaction.

1833. A regular square pyramid has a base

edge of 18 m and height of 24 m. Find its
lateral area, surface area and volume.

Solution:
The side opposite the 60° angle is √3 times
the shortest side. So
4 = √3y
y = 2.309 feet

The longest side (hypotenuse) is twice the

shortest side (side opposite the 30° angle),
so
x = 2y = 2(2.309) = 4.618 feet
By Pythagorean theorem,
1829. A Perfectly Inelastic Collision is one L2 = 92 + 242
where the two colliding objects stick L = 25.63 m
together after impact.
i.
1830. The roof of a birdhouse is a regular 1
hexagonal pyramid. The base of the pyramid lateral area = 2PL; where P = perimeter of
has sides of 4 inches, and the slant height of the base
the roof is 12 inches. If the roof is made of L = slant height
1
copper, find the amount of copper used for LA = 2(4)(18)(25.63) = 922.68 m2
the roof.
ii.
surface area = lateral area + area[base]
SA = LA + Ab
a. 144 square inches SA = 922.68 + 182 = 1246.68 m2
b. 148 square inches
c. 140 square inches iii.
d. 152 square inches 1 1
V = 3Abh = = 3(18)2(24) = 2592 m3
Solution:
Since the lateral faces is made up of copper, 1834. Kinetic Energy. The energy
we need to find the lateral area of the regular possessed by an object because it is in
pyramid. motion.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 188
1835. average speed. Defined as d = 281.432
total distance travelled
time elapsed 1843. Law of Conservation of Energy.
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
1836. instantaneous speed. Speed of an but only transformed from one kind to
object at a specific time. another.
1837. Marginal costs are year-by-year 1844. An arrow is shot into the air so that its
estimates of the costs to own and operate an horizontal velocity is 25 feet per second and
asset for that year. its vertical velocity is 15 feet per second.
Find the velocity and angle of elevation of
1838. Vector quantity is a physical concept the arrow.
that is inherently directional and can be Solution:
specified completely only if both its
magnitude (i.e., size) and direction are
provided. Examples are displacement,
velocity, acceleration, force, and
momentum.

1839. Rest Energy. Potential energy due to

an object's rest mass.

1840. Nuclear Energy. Potential energy By Pythagorean theorem,

that binds nucleons to form the atomic
V = √152 + 252 = 29.15 feet per second
nucleus (and nuclear reactions).
15
1841. There are 20,000 cubic yards of earth tan θ = 25
15
that must be removed from the excavation θ = tan-1 25 = 30.96°
site. A construction engineer needs to
determine how many truckloads of earth
1845. circle. Defined as the set of all points
must be removed. The bed of the truck has
in the plane that are a fixed distance from a
the shape shown at the figure below.
given fixed point. The fixed distance is the
a = 18 feet; b = 15 feet; d = 5 ft; w = 9 ft
radius, and the fixed point is called the
center.

1846. The Department of Traffic Security of

a city is considering the purchase of a new
drone for aerial surveillance of traffic on its
most congested streets. A similar purchase 4
years ago cost $1,200,000. At an interest
If N is the number of truckloads of earth that
rate of 7% per year, what is the equivalent
must be removed, find N.
value today of the previous $1,200,000
Solution:
expenditure?
Convert all feet to yards. 1 yard = 3 feet
Solution:
a = 18 ft = 6 yards
F = P(1 + i)n = 1200000(1 + 0.07)4
b = 15 ft = 5 yards
= $1,572,955.212
d = 5 ft = 5/3 yards
w = 9 ft = 3 yards
1847. A 10-foot rope connects the top of a
tent pole to the ground. If the rope makes an
V[truck] = A[trapezoid] × w
5 angle of 45° with the ground, find the length
d
= 2 (a + b)w = 3
(6 + 5)(3) of the tent pole .
2
= 27.5 yards 3
20000
N= 27.5
= 728

1842. Find the distance between the points

(-100,99) and (100, -99).
Solution:
Use the distance formula.
d = �(x2 − x1 )2 +(y2 − y1 )2
d = �(100 + 100)2 +(−99 − 99)2
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 189
Solution: is 3 km/h, how fast can the boat move past a
In a 45° - 45° - 90° right triangle, the longest tree on the shore when it is traveling:
side (hypotenuse) is √2 times the shorter i. upstream
side. In the problem, the hypotenuse of the ii. downstream
45° - 45° - 90° right triangle is 10 feet.
Let y be the length of the tent pole. Then Solution:
10 = √2y i. If the water was standing still, the boat’s
y = 7.07 feet speed past the tree would be 8 km/h. But the
stream is carrying it in the opposite direction
1848. Find the x- and y-components of a at 3 km/h. Therefore, the boat’s speed
25m displacement at an angle of 210°. relative to the tree is
Solution: 8 km/h − 3 km/h = 5 km/h.

ii. In this case, the stream is carrying the

boat in the same direction the boat is trying
to move. Hence, its speed past the tree is
8 km/h + 3 km/h = 11 km/h.

1853. Fixed costs. These include costs such

as buildings, insurance, fixed overhead,
some minimum level of labor, equipment
x-component = -25m(cos 30) = -21.65m capital recovery, and information systems.

y-component = -25m(sin 30) = -12.5m 1854. The diagonals of a parallelogram are

24.2 meters and 35.4 meters and intersect at
1849. Break-even analysis finds the value an angle of 65.5°. Find the lengths of the
of a parameter that makes two elements sides of the parallelogram.
equal. Solution:

1850. power. The time rate of doing work.

It is the rate at which energy is transferred.

h−2 h−4
1851. Find: h2 +4h+4 − h2 −4
Solution:
Factor each denominator and find the LCD.
h2 + 4h + 4 = (h + 2)2 By cosine rule,
h2 − 4 = (h + 2)(h − 2) y2 = 17.72 + 12.12 – 2(17.7)(12.1)(cos 65.5)
Use each factor the greatest number of times y = 16.8 meters
it appears in any of the factorizations. x2 = 17.72 + 12.12 – 2(17.7)(12.1)(cos 114.5)
x = 25.2 meters
LCD = (h + 2)2 (h − 2)
1855. A robot is initially moving at 2.2 m/s
Change each rational expression into an along a hallway in a space terminal. It
equivalent expression with the LCD. Then subsequently speeds up to 4.8 m/s in a time
subtract. of 0.2 s. Determine the size or magnitude of
h−2 h−4
(h+2)2
− (h+2)(h−2) its average acceleration along the path
h−2 h−2 h−4 h+2 traveled.
= (h+2)2 ∙ h−2 − (h+2)(h−2) ∙ h+2 Solution:
(h−2)(h−2) (h−4)(h+2) v −v 4.8−2.2
= (h+2)2(h−2) − (h+2)2(h−2) a = f t i = 0.2 = 13 m/s2
h2 −4h+4 h2 −2h−8
= (h+2)2(h−2) − (h+2)2(h−2) 1856. coefficient of restitution. The ratio of
h2 −4h+4−�h2 −2h−8� the final to initial relative velocity between
= (h+2)2 (h−2) two objects after they collide. It is denoted
h2 −4h+4−h2 +2h+8 −2h+12
= (h+2)2 (h−2)
= (h+2)2(h−2) by e.

1857. _______________ A plane is

1852. A boat can travel at a speed of 8 km/h
traveling eastward at an airspeed of 500
in still water on a lake. In the flowing water
km/h. But a 90km/h wind is blowing
of a stream, it can move at 8 km/h relative to
southward. What are the direction and speed
the water in the stream. If the stream speed
of the plane relative to the ground? The
plane’s velocity relative to the ground is 508
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 190
km/h at 10° south of east. The plane’s
velocity relative to the ground is 508 km/h at
10° south of east.
Solution:

By Pythagorean theorem,
VPG = √5002 + 902 = 508.04 km/h Solution:

90
tan α = 500
90
α = tan-1 500 = 10.2°

The plane’s velocity relative to the ground is

508.04 km/h at 10.2° south of east.

1858. When a mass m is hung on a spring,

the spring stretches 6 cm and comes to rest.
Determine the system’s period of vibration
if the mass is pulled down a little more and Calculate the volume of the hole.
then released. V[hole] = Abh;
Solution: where Ab = area of the base (hexagon)
Since the elastic constant is h = height (length of the solid)
F mg A regular hexagon is composed of 6
k = ext =
x 0.06 m congruent triangles. So the area is
1
the oscillatory period is Ab = 6�2� (12)(12)(sin 60) = 374.12 cm2
m 0.06 m
T = 2π� k = 2π� g
= 0.49 s V[hole] = 374.12(60) = 22447.2 cm3

1859. Variable costs. These include costs V[brass] = 50(50)(60) - 22447.2

such as direct labor, materials, indirect costs, = 127552.8 cm3
mass
contractors, marketing, advertisement, and density = volume
warranty. grams mass
8.5 cm3 = 127552.8 cm3
1860. A Perfectly Elastic Collision is one
in which linear momentum is conserved and mass = 1084198.8 grams
moreover the sum of the translational KEs
of the objects is not changed during the 1864. A boat travels 72 miles on a course of
collision. bearing N 27° E and then changes its course
to travel 37 miles at N 55° E. How far north
1861. Acceleration measures the time rate- and how far east has the boat travelled on
of-change of velocity. this 109­mile trip? Solution:

1862. Which of the following is a unit of

energy?
a. watt
b. slug – feet / sec
c. kilo-watt hour (answer)
d. m/s2

1863. The solid shown is made of brass.

Find its mass if the density of brass is 8.5
grams per cubic centimeters.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 191
Total distance travelled east = Ux + Vx 1 1
x = vit + 2at2 = 0 + 2(8)(5)2 = 100 m
= 72 cos 63 + 37 cos 35 = 63 miles
1870. Young Marvin is 6 years old and
Total distance travelled north = Uy + Vy
weighs 45 pounds. He is sitting on a swing
= 72 sin 63 + 37 sin 35 = 85.4 miles
when his sister Stacey pulls him and the
swing back horizontally through an angle of
1865. A car is traveling at 20 m/s when the
30° and then stops. Find the tension in the
driver slams on the brakes and brings it to a
ropes of the swing and the magnitude of the
straight-line stop in 4.2 s. What is the
force exerted by Stacey.
magnitude of its average acceleration?
Solution:
v −v 0−20
a = f t i = 4.2 = -4.76 m/s2

1866. The center of mass of an object (of

mass m) is the single point that moves in the
same way as a point mass (of mass m)
would move when subjected to the same
external forces that act on the object.

1867. force. Defined as a push or a pull.

1868. A ball is dropped from a height h

above a tile floor and rebounds to a height of
0.65h. Find the coefficient of restitution Solution:
between ball and floor.
Solution:
Assign floor quantities the subscript 1, and
ball quantities the subscript 2. The initial
and final velocities of the floor, u1 and v1,
are zero. Therefore,
v −v v
e = u2 −u1 = - u2
1 2 2

Since we know both the drop and rebound

heights (h and 0.65h), we can write
∑ FV = 0 (upward force = downward force)
equations for the interchange of PEG and KE
TV = W = 45 lbs
before and after the impact
1 However, TV = T cos 30, so
mgh = 2 mu2 2 and 45 = T cos 30
1
mg(0.65h) = 2 mv2 2 T = 51.96 lbs

Therefore, taking down as positive, ∑ FH = 0 (force going to the left = force

going to the right)
u2 = �2gh and TH = H
v2 = −�1.3gh
However, TH = T sin 30, so
Substitution leads to TH = T sin 30 = 51.96 sin 30 = 25.98 lbs
�1.3gh
e= = √0.65 = 0.81
�2gh TH = H
H = 25.98 lbs
1869. An object starts from rest with a
constant acceleration of 8 m/s2 along a Note:
straight line. Find ∑ FV = 0 is read as “sum of forces vertical
i. the speed at the end of 5 s is equal to zero.”
ii. the distance traveled in the 5 s
∑ FH = 0 is read as “sum of forces
Solution: horizontal is equal to zero.”
i. the speed at the end of 5 s
vf = vi + at = 0 + 8(5) = 40 m/s 1871. Indira Industries is a major producer
of diverter dampers used in the gas turbine
ii. the distance traveled in the 5 s power industry to divert gas exhausts from
the turbine to a side stack, thus reducing the
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 192
noise to acceptable levels for human 1
50 = 2(9.81)t2
environments. Normal production level is 60
t = 3.19 s
diverter systems per month, but due to
significantly improved economic conditions
1873. There are 9 arithmetic means between
in Asia, production is at 72 per month. The
11 and 51. Find the sum of terms of the
following information is available.
progression.
Fixed costs FC = $2.4 million per month
Solution:
Variable cost per unit v = $35,000
If there are 9 arithmetic means, there are 11
Revenue per unit r = $75,000
terms.
i. How does the increased production level
11, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, 51
of 72 units per month compare with the n 11
current breakeven point? S = 2 (a1 + an ) = 2 (11 + 51) = 341
ii. What is the current profit level per month
for the facility? 1874. An 8 g bullet is fired horizontally into
iii. What is the difference between the a 9.00 kg cube of wood, which is at rest on a
revenue and variable cost per damper that is frictionless air table. The bullet lodges in the
necessary to break even at a significantly wood. The cube is free to move and has a
reduced monthly production level of 45 speed of 40 cm/s after impact. Find the
units, if fixed costs remain constant? initial velocity of the bullet.
Solution:
Solution: This is an example of a completely inelastic
FC collision for which momentum is conserved,
i. QBE = r−v
although KE is not. Consider the system
where: QBE = breakeven quantity (cube + bullet). The velocity, and hence the
r = revenue per unit momentum, of the cube before impact is
v = variable cost per unit zero. Take the bullet’s initial motion to be
FC = fixed costs positive in the positive x-direction. The
2400000 momentum conservation law tells us that
QBE = 75000−35000 = 60 units per month momentum of system before impact =
momentum of system after impact
The breakeven value is 60 damper units. The
increased production level of 72 units is (momentum of bullet) + (momentum of
above the breakeven value. cube) = (momentum of bullet + cube)

ii. Profit = revenue – total costs mBvBx + mCvCx = (mB + mC)vx

Profit = (r - v)Q – FC (0.008)vBx + 0 = (9.008)(0.4)
= (75000 - 35000)72 – 2400000 vBx = vB = 450.4 m/s
= $480000
There is a profit of $480000 per month 1875. A city of 25,000 uses 15 gallons of
currently. water per day per capita. If it is required to
iii. To determine the required difference r – raise this water 150 feet, what is the number
v, use the equation: Profit = (r - v)Q – FC, of horsepower required? (You may neglect
with profit = 0 and Q = 45. losses.)
0 = (r - v)(45) – 2400000 Solution:
2400000 1
r – v = 45 = $53333.33 1 gallon of water = 8 3 lbs
Convert 15 gallons to pounds.
1872. A ball is dropped from rest at a height
1
of 50 m above the ground. 8 lbs
i. What is its speed just before it hits the 15 gallons × 1 gallon = 125 lbs
3

ground?
ii. How long does it take to reach the work force ×distance
power = time
= time
ground? 25000(125 lbs)(150 ft)
= 1440 minutes
Solution: ft−lbs
= 325,520.833 minute
i. vf 2 = vi 2 + 2ah
For a free-falling body, a = g = 9.81 m/s2 ft−lbs
vf 2 = vi 2 + 2ah However, 1 hp = 33000 minute
vf 2 = 02 + 2(9.81)(50)
vf = 31.3 m/s ft−lbs 1
power = 325,520.833 minute × ft−lbs
33000
minute
1 = 9.86 hp
ii. h = 2at2

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 193
1876. A school bus moving in a straight line the quantity and quality of goods or services
at a speed of 20 m/s begins to slow at a that one unit of money will purchase.
constant rate of 3 m/s each second. Find
how far it goes before stopping. 1882. Find the volume of the oblique right
Solution: circular cylinder shown.
vf 2 = vi 2 + 2ax
0 = 202 + 2(-3)(x)
x = 66.67 m

1877. Inflation is an increase in the amount a. 4523.9 in3

of money necessary to obtain the same b. 452.39 in3
amount of goods or services before the c. 45239 in3
inflated price was present d. 45.239 in3
Solution:
1878. In figure shown, assume that the V = Abh; where Ab = area of the base
object is being pulled in a straight line along h = height
the ground by a 75 N force directed 28° V = π(4)2(9) = 452.39 cubic inches
above the horizontal. How much work does
the force do in pulling the object 8 m 1883. The gravitational acceleration on the
horizontally? Moon is 1.62 m/s2. A baseball is thrown
straight upward on the Moon with an initial
speed of 35 m/s. Compute:
i. the maximum height reached by the ball
ii. the time taken to reach that height
iii. its velocity 30 s after it is thrown

Solution:
i. At the highest point, the ball’s velocity is
zero.
Solution: vf 2 = vi 2 + 2ay
W = (F cos θ)(s) = (75 N cos 28)(8 m) 0 = 352 + 2(-1.62)(y)
= 529. 77 Joules y = 378.1 m
ii.
1879. Find the 100th term of the sequence vf = vi + at
1.01, 1.00, 0.99, … 0 = 35 + (-1.62)(t)
Solution: t = 21.6 s
d = 1.00 – 1.01 = 0.99 – 1.00 = -0.01
an = am + (n - m)d iii.
a100 = 1.01 + (100 - 1)(-0.01) = 0.02 vf = vi + at
vf = 35 + (-1.62)(30)
1880. The speed of a train is reduced vf = -13.6 m/s
uniformly from 15 m/s to 7 m/s while 1884. Inflation decreases the purchasing
traveling a distance of 90 m. ability of money in that less goods or
i. Compute the acceleration. services can be purchased for the same one
ii. How much farther will the train travel unit of money.
before coming to rest, provided the
acceleration remains constant? 1885. The geometric mean of 64 and 4 is
_____.
Solution: Solution:
i. The geometric mean of two numbers is
vf 2 = vi 2 + 2ax GM = �xy
72 = 152 + 2(a)(90)
a = -0.98 m/s2 GM = �64(4) = 16
ii.
1886. A horizontal pipe has a constriction in
vf 2 = vi 2 + 2ax
it, as shown in the figure. At point-1 the
02 = 72 + 2(-0.98)(x)
diameter is 6 cm, while at point-2 it is only 2
x = 25 m
cm. At point-1, v1 = 2.0 m/s and P1 = 180
kPa. Calculate v2 and P2.
1881. Purchasing power, or buying power
measures the value of a currency in terms of

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 194
much heat passes through the plate each
second? For iron, kT = 80 W/m·K.
Solution:
∆Q ∆T
∆t
= kT A L
10℃
= (80 W/m. K)(0.5 m2 ) �0.02 m�
Solution: = 20 kJ/s
We have two unknowns and will need two
equations. Using Bernoulli’s Equation with 1890. Deflation is the opposite of inflation
h1 = h2, we have in that when it is present, the purchasing
1 1
P1 + 2 ρv1 2 = P2 + 2 ρv2 2 power of the monetary unit is greater in the
or future than at present. That is, it will take
1 fewer pesos in the future to buy the same
P1 + 2 ρ( v1 2 − v2 2 ) = P2 amount of goods or services as it does today.

Furthermore, v1 = 2 m/s, and the equation of 1891. The freezing point of water is at 0 °C
continuity tells us that or 273.15 K.
A r 2
v2 = v1 A1 = (2 m/s) �r1 � = (2 m/s)(9)
2 2 1892. Marvin pushes a heavy box across the
= 18 m/s floor. He applies a force of 64 pounds in a
downward direction, making an angle of 35°
Substituting, we get with the horizontal. If the box is moved 25
P2 = 20 kPa feet, how much work is done by the Marvin?
Solution:
1887. Find the sum of the infinite
progression 6, -2, 2/3, …
Solution:
2
−2 −1 3 −1
r= 6
= 3
;r= =
−2 3
a1 6
S = 1−r = −1 = 4.5
1−� �
3

1888. Given: Triangle ABC with A = 60°,

b = 25 inches and c = 32 inches. Find B, C,
and a.
Solution:
W = F cos θ d
where: F = Force
d = distance
θ = angle between the force F and
the line of motion of the object

W = 64 lbs (cos 35)(25 ft) = 1310.64 ft-lbs

1893. Compute the acceleration due to

By law of cosines,
gravity at a place where a simple pendulum
a2 = 252 + 322 – 2(25)(32)(cos 60)
150.3 cm long swings through 100 cycles in
a = √849 = 29.14 inches 246.7 s.
Solution:
252 = 322 + 29.142 – 2(32)(29.14)(cos B) We have
-1248.1396 = -1864.96 cos B 246.7 s
cos B = 0.6693 T = 100 = 2.467 s
B = cos-1 0.6693 = 48°
Squaring T = 2π�L/g and solving for g
322 = 252 + 29.142 – 2(25)(29.14)(cos C) yields
-450.256164 = -1457 cosC 4π2
g= L = 9.749 m/s2
cos C = 0.309 T2
C = cos-1 0.309 = 72°
1894. Which of the following is a correct
1889. An iron plate 2 cm thick has a cross- formula?
sectional area of 5000 cm2. One face is at a. Fahrenheit temperature
5
150 °C, and the other is at 140 °C. How = 9 (Celsius temperature) + 32

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 195
b. Fahrenheit temperature Solution:
19
= 15 (Celsius temperature) + 32

c. Fahrenheit temperature
𝟗𝟗
= 𝟓𝟓 (Celsius temperature) + 32 (answer)

d. Fahrenheit temperature
9
= 5 (Celsius temperature) + 132

1895. A block moves up a 30° incline under

i. LA = Pbh;
the action of applied forces, three of which
where Pb = perimeter of the base
are shown in the figure. F1 is horizontal and
h = height
of magnitude 40 N. F2 is normal to the plane
LA = 2πrh = 2π(6.6)(12.6) = 522.51 m2
and of magnitude 20 N. F3 is parallel to the
plane and of magnitude 30 N. Determine the
ii. SA = LA + 2Ab
work done by each force as the block (and
where LA = lateral area
point of application of each force) moves 80
Ab = area of the base
cm up the incline.
SA = 522.51 + 2π(6.6)2 = 796.21 m2

iii. V = Abh;
where Ab = area of the base
h = height
V = π(6.6)2(12.6) = 1724.28 m3

1901. True or False: A trigonometric

Solution: function of an angle is always equal to the
co-function of its complement.
W1 = (F1 cos θ)(s) = (40 N cos 30)(0.8 m)
= 27.71 Joules
True; In symbols, since the complement of
W2 = (F2 cos θ)(s) = 0 (the force is x is 90° - x,
perpendicular) sin x = cos (90° - x)
sec x = csc (90° - x)
W3 = (F3 cos θ)(s) = (30 N cos 0)(0.8 m) tan x = cot (90° - x)
= 24 Joules
1902. _______________ A mass of oxygen
1896. amortization. Used to reflect the occupies 0.02 m3 at atmospheric pressure,
101 kPa, and 5 °C. Determine its volume if
decreasing value of intangibles, such as
loans, mortgages, patents, trademarks, and its pressure is increased to 108 kPa while its
temperature is changed to 30 °C.
goodwill.
Solution:
1897. The boiling point of water is at P1 V1 P V
100 °C or 373.15 K. = T2 2
T 1 2
(101)(0.02) (108)V
= 30+2732
1898. Cost index is a ratio of the cost of 5+273
something today to its cost sometime in the v2 = 0.0204 m3
past.
1903. How many gallons of water can a 75-
1899. The mass density of a body is its horsepower engine raise 150 feet in 5 hours?
mass per unit volume. One gallon of water weighs 81/3 lbs. (You
may neglect losses.)
1900. Depreciation is a book method
(noncash) to represent the reduction in value Solution:
ft−lbs
of a tangible asset Convert 75 hp to min , knowing that
ft−lbs
1 hp = 33000 min
.
1901. A right circular cylinder has a height
of 12.6 meters and radius of 6.6 meters. Find ft−lbs
its: 33000 ft−lbs
75 hp = 75 hp × min
= 2475000
i. lateral area: _______________ 1 hp min
ii. surface area: _______________
iii. volume: _______________
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 196
work force×distance −5 −1 )(0.8m)[(35
power = = = (1.7 × 10 °C − 15)°C]
time time
ft−lbs force×150 feet = 2.7 × 10−4 m
2475000 min
= 5(60)min
force = 4950000 lbs 1908. A besiege fortress is held by 5700
men who have provision for 66 days. If the
Now convert lbs to gallons knowing that garrison loses 20 men each day, for how
1 many days can the provision hold out.
1 gallon = 8 3 lbs
Solution:
1 gallon S = total number of man-days the provision
force = 4950000 lbs × 1 can hold out
8 lbs
3
= 5700(66) = 376200 man-days
= 594,000 gallons
Each day, 20 people die, so
a1 = day 1 = 5700 man-day
1904. In a circle, a central angle that cuts off
a2 = day 2 = 5680 man-day
an arc equal in length to the radius of the
a3 = day 3 = 5660 man-day
circle has a measure of _____.
…
a. 1 radian (answer)
b. 0.5 radian
d = -20
c. 2 radians
d. 1.5 radians n
S = 2 [2a1 + (n − 1)d]
n
1905. Find the density and specific gravity 376200 = 2 [2(5700) + (n − 1)(−20)]
of gasoline if 51 g occupies 75 cm3. 752400 = n(11400 – 20n + 20)
Solution: 752400 = n(11420 – 20n)
Convert first 51 grams to kilograms and 752400 = 11420n – 20n2
75cm3 to m3. n2 – 571n + 37620 = 0
1 kilogram
51 grams = 51 grams × 1000 grams By using the quadratic formula,
= 0.051 kg n = 76 or n = 495

1m 3 Answer: n = 76
75cm3 = 75cm3 × �100 cm� = 0.000075 m3
1909. Find the area of the black region in
mass 0.051 kg square units.
ρ = volume = 0.000075 m3 = 680 kg/m3

density of gasoline 680 kg/m3

sg = density of water
= 1000 kg/m3 = 0.68
or
mass of 75 cm3 of gasoline 51 grams
sg = mass of 75 cm3
= 75 grams = 68
of water

1906. _______________ Evaluate the

following determinant:
1 5 −2
�2 1 −3�
3 −2 1
Solution:
1 5 −2 Solution:
Det �2 1 −3� Add the areas of the rectangles then subtract
3 −2 1 the areas of the intersections.
1 5 −2 1 5
= �2 1 −3� 2 1 �
A = (64)(8) + (56)(20) + (16)(48) + (12)(40)
3 −2 1 3 −2 - [(8)(12) + (16)(8) + (20)(12) + (16)(20)]
= (1 - 45 + 8) – (-6 + 6 +10) = -36 – (10)
= -46 A = 512 + 1120 + 768 + 480
- (96 + 128 + 240 + 320)
1907. _______________ A copper bar is 80 A = 2880 – 784 = 2096 square units
cm long at 15 °C. What is the increase in
length when it is heated to 35 °C? The linear 1910. An ideal gas is a theoretical gas
expansion coefficient for copper is composed of many randomly moving point
1.7 × 10-5 °C-1. particles whose only interactions are
Solution: perfectly elastic collisions.
∆L = αL0 ∆T
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 197
1911. Straight Line Depreciation. Derives g. all of these (answer)
its name from the fact that the book value
decreases linearly with time. 1915. A tank having a capacity of 10,000
gallons must be emptied in 2 hours. What
1912. A central angle θ in a circle of radius capacity pump is required?
3 feet cuts off an arc of length 6 feet. What Solution:
is the radian measure of θ? 10000 gallons
capacity = 2(60)hours = 83.33 gpm
Solution:
1916. Marvin’s age 10 years from now is
twice his age 10 years ago. Find his present
age.
Solution:
M + 10 = 2(M - 10)
M + 10 = 2M – 20
M = 30 years old

S = rθ; where S = arc length, r = radius 1917. Convert 45 degrees to radians.

θ = central angle in radians Solution:
2π radians = 360°
2π radians
6 feet = 3 feet θ 45° × 360° = 0.785 radians
θ = 2 radians
1918. If an asset has a first cost of ₱50,000
Note: The formula S = rθ can be use only if with a ₱10,000 estimated salvage value after
θ is in radians. If θ is in degrees, use 5 years,
θ
S = 360 C; where θ = central angle in degrees i. calculate the annual depreciation
and C = circumference of the circle. ii. calculate the book value of the asset after
one year, using straight line depreciation
1913. A circular tank 20 feet deep and 20 Solution:
feet in diameter is filled with water. If the i.
B−S
average height to which the tank is to be Dt = n
lifted is 50 feet, what must be the where: Dt = annual depreciation charge
horsepower of an engine capable of B = first cost or unadjusted basis
pumping the water out in 2 hours? (You may S = estimated salvage value
neglect losses.) n = recovery period

Solution: 50000−10000
Dt = = ₱8000
V = Ab h = πr2h = π(10)2(20) = 6283.19 ft3 5
w
ρ= v
ii.
lbs w
62.4 ft3 = 6283.19 ft3 BVt = B - tDt
w = 392071.056 lbs where: BVt = book value after t years
t = years
work force ×distance
power = time
= time BV1 = 50000 – 1(8000) = ₱42000
392071.056 lbs×50 feet
= 2(60)minutes
ft−lbs 1919. The mass of an object is traditionally
= 163362.94 min defined as a measure of the inertia of the
ft−lbs object.
However, 1 hp = 33000 min

ft−lbs 1hp 1920. The specific gravity of a substance is

power = 163362.94 min
× ft−lbs the ratio of the density of the substance to
33000
min
the density of some standard substance. The
power = 4.95 hp ≈ 5 hp
standard is usually water (at 4 °C) for
liquids and solids, while for gases, it is
1914. Which of the following common
usually air.
gases can be considered ideal?
a. air
1921. Inertia is the tendency of a body at
b. nitrogen
rest to remain at rest, and of a body in
c. oxygen
motion to continue moving with unchanged
d. helium
velocity.
e. hydrogen
f. neon
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 198
1922. The probability for the Master Given are 5 distinct digits. We want to form
Plumber Examinees from a certain school to a four digit number: ___ ___ ___ ___
pass the Plumbing Arithmetic subject is 3/7 We can choose any of the 5 digits for the
and for the Practical Problems subject is 5/7. units’ place, then any of the 4 remaining
If none of the examinees failed in both digits for the tens’ place, then any of the 3
subjects and there are 4 examinees who pass remaining digits for the hundreds’ place and
both subjects, how many examinees from any of the 2 remaining digits for the
the school took the examination? thousands’ place. Hence, we can form
Solution: 2(3)(4)(5) = 120 different 4-digit numbers.
Let x be the number of examinees from that
certain school. 1927. weight. The gravitational force acting
downward on the object.

1928. Convert 45 degrees to radians.

Solution:
2π radians = 360°
2π radians
450° × 360° = 7.854 radians

1929. Coefficient of Kinetic Friction.

Defined for the case in which one surface is
sliding across another at constant speed.
x = (3/7)x – 4 + 4 + (5/7)x – 4
x = 28
1930. Coefficient of Static Friction.
Defined for the case in which one surface is
1923. force. It changes the velocity of an
just on the verge of sliding across another
object.
surface.
1924. Find the sum of the possible values of π
x. 1931. Convert 3 to degrees.
3 x Solution:
+ =2
x 4 2π radians = 360°
Solution: π 360°
3 x × 2π = 60°
x
+4=2 3

Multiply both sides by 4x.

3 x 1932. Declining Balance Depreciation.
�x + 4 = 2� 4x Also known as the fixed percentage or
12 + x2 = 8x uniform percentage method. Commonly
x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 applied as the book depreciation method.
(x - 2)(x - 6) = 0
x – 2 = 0 or x – 6 = 0 1933. A construction company will hire 7
x = 2 or x = 6 Engineers and 4 Architects. In how many
Plug in the values of x to the original ways can the company choose from 9
equation to check. Engineers and 6 Architects?
3 x Solution:
x
+4=2
3 2 Since arrangements or order does not matter,
2
+4=2 this is a combination problem.
2 = 2 (The statement is correct so 2 is a n!
Working Formula: nCr = (n−r)!r!
solution.)
3 6 no. of ways = (9C7)(6C4)
+4=2 9! 6!
6 = (9−7)!7! × (6−4)!4! = 36(15)
2 = 2 (The statement is correct so 6 is a
solution.) = 540

The sum of possible values of x is 2 + 6 = 8 1934. Return on Assets Ratio. This is the
key indicator of profitability since it
1925. newton. Resultant force that will give evaluates the ability of the corporation to
a 1-kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s2 transfer assets into operating profit. It is
net profit
defined as (100%).
total assets
1926. How many 4-digit numbers can be
formed without repeating any digit, from the 1935. Kinetic Theory. Considers matter to
following digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. be composed of discrete tiny particles
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 199
(atoms and/or molecules) moving S = rθ; where S = arc length, r = radius
continuously. θ = central angle in radians
7π S = 5(2) = 10 units
1936. Convert 3 to degrees.
Solution:
Note: The formula S = rθ is use if θ is in
2π radians = 360° θ
7π 360° radians. If θ is in degrees, use S = 360 (2πr).
3
× 2π = 420°

1944. Underwater electroacoustic

1937. acid test ratio or quick ratio or
quick assets transducers were purchased for use in
liquidity ratio. This ratio is current liabilities. SONAR applications. The equipment will be
DDB (Double Declining Balance)
1938. Elasticity is the property by which a depreciated over an expected life of 12
body returns to its original size and shape years. There is a first cost of $25,000 and an
when the forces that deformed it are estimated salvage of $2500.
removed. i. Calculate the depreciation and book value
for years 1 and 4. ___________
1939. i. How much heat is required to raise ii. Calculate the implied salvage value after
the temperature of 250 mL of water from 12 years.
20°C to 35°C?
ii. How much heat is lost by the water as it Solution:
cools back down to 20°C? In double declining balance (DDB) method,
Solution: the maximum annual depreciation rate is,
Since 250 mL of water has a mass of 250 g, d = 2/n.
and since c = 1. cal/g·°C for water, we have
i. ∆Q = mc∆T The depreciation in year t is
= (250 g)(1cal/g·°C)(15 °C) Dt = dB(1 - d)t-1 where B = first cost
= 3.75 × 103 cal = 15.7 kJ
The book value in year t is
ii. ∆Q = mc∆T BVt = B(1 - d)t where B = first cost
= (250 g)(1cal/g·°C)(−15 °C)
= −3.75 × 103 cal = −15.7 kJ i. Depreciation and book value for year 1.
Dt = dB(1 - d)t-1
1940. Convert -2.4 radians to degrees. d = 2/n = 2/12
Solution: D1 = (2/12)(25000)(1 – 2/12)1-1 = $4167
2π radians = 360°
360° BV1 = (25000)(1 – 2/12)1 = $20833
−2.4 radians × 2π radians = −137.51°

Depreciation and book value for year 4.

1941. The stress experienced within a solid
D4 = (2/12)(25000)(1 – 2/12)4-1 = $2411
is the magnitude of the force acting (F),
divided by the area (A) over which it acts.
BV4 = (25000)(1 – 2/12)4 = $12056.33
1942. debt ratio. This ratio is a measure of
ii. Implied salvage value
financial strength and it is defined as
total liabilities Implied S = B(1 - d)n
total assets
. = 25000(1 – 2/12)12
= $2803.92
1943. Find the length of the arc cut off by a 1945. A baseball is thrown with an initial
central angle of 2 radians in a circle of velocity of 100 m/s at an angle of 30° above
radius 5. the horizontal. How far from the throwing
point will the baseball attain its original
Solution: level?
Solution:

viy = 100 sin 30 = 50 m/s

vix = 100 cos 30 = 86.6 m/s

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 200
1 θ
y = viyt + 2 at 2 Note: To use the formula Asector = 360 πr 2 ,
1
0 = 50t + 2(-9.81)t2 θ must be in degrees.
t = 10.19 s
1952. normal force. The component of the
vix = vfx = vx supporting force that is perpendicular to the
x = vxt = 86.6(10.19) = 882 m surface.

1946. Find the area of the sector formed by a 1953. return on sales ratio. This often
central angle of 2.3 radians in a circle of quoted ratio indicates the profit margin for
radius 4.7 meters. the company. It is defined as
net profit
Solution: (100%).
net sales

1954. Solve triangle ABC if B = 34°, C =

82°, and a = 5.6 feet.
A = _____ degrees
b = _____ feet
c = _____ feet

Solution:

1 1
Asector = 2 r 2 θ = 2 (4.7)2 (2.3) = 25.4035 m2

1
Note: The formula A = 2 r 2 θ can be used
only if θ is in radians. If θ is in degrees, the
θ
formula is Asector = 360 πr 2

1947. The tensile force acting on a string or A = 180 – (82 + 34) = 64°
chain or tendon is the applied force tending
to stretch it. By sine law or law of sines,
b c a
sin B
= sin C = sin A
1948. How much work is done against b c 5.6
sin B
= sin C = sin 64
gravity in lifting a 3 kg object through a
vertical distance of 40 cm? c 5.6
Solution: sin C
= sin A
W = (F cos θ)(s) c
=
5.6
where F = weight = mg sin 82 sin 64
sin 82 (5.6)
c= = 6.17 feet
2 sin 64
W = [(3 kg)(9.81 m/s ) cos 0](0.4 m) b 5.6
sin B
= sin 64
= 11.77 Joules
b 5.6
sin 34
= sin 64
1949. friction force. A tangential force sin 34(5.6)
b= = 3.48 feet
acting on an object that opposes the sliding sin 64
of that object on an adjacent surface with
which it is in contact. 1955. Find the resultant.

1950. free body diagram. A graphical tool

used in the analysis of mechanical systems.

1951. The area of the circular sector in the

figure is 25.4035 square meters. Find the
radius of the circle in meters.
Solution:
Solution: The resultant R has the components
θ
Asector = 360 πr 2 Rx = ∑Fx and Ry = ∑Fy
131.78 Rx = ∑Fx
25.4035 = 360 πr 2 = 80 + 100cos45 – 110cos30 – 160cos20
r = 4.7 meters = -94.9 N

Ry = ∑Fy
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 201
= 100sin45 + 110sin30 – 160sin20 K = 16
= 70.99 N It follows that,
M = 32
The magnitude of the resultant is
16 years from now:
R = �R x 2 + R y 2 = �(−94.9)2 + (70.99)2 K+16 16+16 32 2
M+16
= 32+16 = 48 = 3
R = 119 N
1959. Which of the following is the density
1956. A bag contains 3 white and 5 black of water?
balls. If two balls are drawn in succession a. 32.2 kg/m3
without replacement, what is the probability b. 1 kg/m3
that both balls are black? c. 9.81 kg/m3
Solution: d. 1000 kg/m3 (answer)
white balls = 3
black balls = 5 1960. Machine is any device by which the
total number of balls = 8 magnitude, direction, or method of
application of a force is changed so as to
The probability that both balls are black is achieve some advantage. Examples are the
5 4 20 5
P = 8 × 7 = 56 = 14 lever, inclined plane, pulley, crank and axle,
and jackscrew.
1957. A 1200 kg car is coasting down a 30°
hill as shown in the figure. At a time when 1961. A face of a coin is either head or tail.
the car’s speed is 12 m/s, the driver applies If three coins are tossed, what is the
the brakes. What constant force F (parallel probability of getting three tails?
to the road) must result if the car is to stop Solution:
after traveling 100 m? 1 1 1 1 3 1
P = 2 × 2 × 2 = �8� = 8

1962. A basin made of plastic has an upper

base diameter of 30 cm, a lower base
diameter of 20 cm and a height of 10 cm. It
is filled with water at a height of 4 cm. How
much area of the basin (in square cm) is
wet? Neglect the thickness of the basin.

Solution:
The change in total energy of the car (KE +
PEG) is equal to the work done on it by the
braking force F. This work is Fscosθ =
Fscos180° because F retards the car’s Solution:
motion. We have wet area = lateral area + area of the base

1
2
m(vf 2 − vi 2 ) + mg(hf − hi ) = Fs(−1)
1
(1200)[0 + (−12)2 ] +
2
(1200)(9.81)(100 sin 30) = F(100)(−1)
F = 6.75 kN
By similar triangles on the left side, we get
x 5
1958. The ratio of Kylene’s age to Marvin’s 4
= 10
age is 1:2. If the ratio of their ages 8 years x=2
ago was 1:3, what will be the ratio of their
ages 16 years from now? It follows that, R = 12.
Solution:
K 1 1
At present: = [1]
M 2 lateral area = 2 (c + C)L
K−8 1
8 years ago: M−8 = 3 [2] where: c = circumference of the lower base
From [1], we get: M = 2K C = circumference of the upper base
From [2], we get: 3K – 24 = M – 8 L = slant height
Substitute: or we can use a derived formula
3K – 24 = M – 8 lateral area = π(R + r)�(R − r)2 + h2
3K – 24 = 2K – 8
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 202
= π(12 + 10)�(12 − 10)2 + 42 1969. Avogadro’s Number is the number
= 44√5π of particles (molecules or atoms) in 1 kmol
of any substance.
area of the lower base = π(10)2 = 100π
wet area = 44√5π + 100π 1970. Calculate the SYD depreciation
charges for year 2 for a construction
1963. A bicycle wheel with a radius of 15 equipment with B = $25,000,
inches turns with an angular velocity of 3 S = $4000, and an 8-year recovery period.
radians per second. Find the distance Solution:
travelled by a point on the bicycle tire in n(n+1) 8(8+1)
1 minute. sum = = = 36
2 2
n−t+1
Solution: Dt = (B + S)
θ sum
ω=t 8−2+1
D2 = 36 (25000 + 4000)
where ω = angular velocity in radians D2 = $4083.33
per seconds
θ = central angle in radians 1971. A horizontal force of 140 N is needed
t = time in seconds to pull a 60 kg box across a horizontal floor
rad θ
at constant speed. What is the coefficient of
3 s = 60 s friction between floor and box?
θ = 180 radians Solution:

S = rθ = 15(180) = 2700 inches = 225 feet

1964. Depletion is a book method (noncash)

to represent the decreasing value of a natural
resource as it is recovered, removed, or
felled.

1965. The two methods of depletion are

cost depletion and percentage depletion.

1966. Cost depletion. Sometimes referred FW = mg = (60 kg)(9.81 m/s2) = 588.6 N

to as factor depletion. It is based on the level
of activity or usage, not time, as in ∑Fy = 0:
depreciation. It may be applied to most types FN = FW = 588.6 N
of natural resources and must be applied to
timber production. ∑Fx = 0:
Ff = 140 N
1967. Percentage depletion. This is a
special consideration given for natural The coefficient of friction is
F 140 N
resources. A constant, stated percentage of μk = F f = 588.6 N = 0.238
N
the resource’s gross income may be depleted
1972. Which of the following is equivalent
each year provided it does not exceed 50%
to sin x (sec x + cot x)?
of the company’s taxable income.
Solution:
sin x (sec x + cot x)
1968. A DVD is turning at 4,500 revolutions
= sinx sec x + sin x cot x
per minute (rpm). If the distance from the 1 cos x
center of the DVD to a point on the DVD is = sin x �cos x� + sin x � sin x �
2 inches, find the linear velocity of the point = tan x + cos x
in feet per minute.
Solution: 1973. Income tax is the amount of the
rev 2π rad π rad
ω = 4500 min × 1 rev = 9000 min payment (taxes) on income or profit that
must be delivered to a federal government
v = rω; where v = linear velocity unit.
r = radius
ω = angular velocity 1974. A 0.50 kg block slides across a table
top with an initial velocity of 20 cm/s and
2 π rad ft comes to rest in a distance of 70 cm. Find
v = �12 ft� �9000 min
� = 4712.39 min the average friction force that retarded its
motion.
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 203
The KE of the block is decreased because of 1978. Depreciation recapture. Also called
the slowing action of the friction force. That ordinary gain, occurs when a depreciable
is, asset is sold for more than the current book
value.
Change in KE of block = Work done on
block by friction force 1979. The SI unit of stress is the pascal (Pa),
1 1
2
mvf 2 − 2 mvf 2 = Ff cos θ where 1 Pa = _____.
a. 1 N/m2 (answer)
b. 9.81 m/s2
Because the friction force on the block is
c. 1 ft-lb
opposite in direction to the displacement,
d. 1000 kg/m3
cos θ = -1. So
1 1980. Is the statement true below true?
0 − 2 (0.5 kg)(0.2 m/s)2 = 1+sin x cos x
=
Ff (−1)(0.7 m) cos x 1−sin x
a. No.
Ff = 0.0142857 N
b. Yes.
Solution:
1975. A pail contains 58 lbs of water having
Try manipulating any side of the equation.
a temperature of 40°F. If heat is applied
In this problem, I will manipulate the right
until the temperature of the water reaches
side.
95°F, what is the amount of Btu supplied to 1+sin x
the water? Multiply by 1+sin x
Solution: cos x 1+sin x cos x(1+sin x)
× 1+sin x =
The KE of the block is decreased because of 1−sin x 1−sin2 x
2 2
the slowing action of the friction force. That However, sin + cos = 1
cos x 1+sin x cos x(1+sin x)
is, 1−sin x
× 1+sin x = 2x
1−sin
cos x(1+sin x) 1+sin x
= = cos x
Change in KE of block = Work done on cos2 x
block by friction force So the statement is true.
1 1
2
mvf 2 − 2 mvf 2 = Ff cos θ
1981. Ordinary nitrogen gas consists of
molecules of N2. Find the mass of one such
Because the friction force on the block is molecule. The molecular mass is 28
opposite in direction to the displacement, kg/kmol.
cos θ = -1. So Solution:
kg
M 28
1
0 − 2 (0.5 kg)(0.2 m/s) = 2 mo = N = 6.02×10kmol
26 kmol−1
A
Ff (−1)(0.7 m) = 4.7 × 10−26 kg
Ff = 0.0142857 N
1982. Capital gain is an amount incurred
1976. Which of the following is equivalent when the selling price exceeds its unadjusted
sin2 x basis.
to 1−cos x?
Solution: 1983. Thermal Energy is the random
Identity: sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 kinetic energy of the particles (usually
electrons, ions, atoms, and molecules)
sin2 x 1−cos2 x
1−cos x
= 1−cos x composing a system.
However, a2 – b2 = (a - b)(a + b)
sin2 x 1−cos2 x 12 −cos2 x 1984. Fill in the blanks.
1−cos x
= 1−cos x
= 1−cos x i. Conduction occurs when thermal energy
(1−cos x)(1+cos x) moves through a material as a result of
= = 1 + cos x
1−cos x collisions between the free electrons, ions,
atoms, and/or molecules of the material.
1977. A 600-N object is to be given an
ii. Convection of thermal energy occurs in a
acceleration of 0.7 m/s2. How large an
fluid when warm material flows so as to
unbalanced force must act upon it?
displace cooler material. Typical examples
Solution:
are the flow of warm air from a register in a
W = mg
heating system and the flow of warm water
600 N = m(9.81 m/s2)
in the Gulf Stream.
m = 61.16 kg

F = ma = 61.16 kg(0.7 m/s2) = 42.8 N

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 204
iii. Radiation is the mode of transport of sin 60(22) sin 60(22)
T2 = = = 19.725 pounds
radiant electromagnetic energy through sin 75 sin 75

vacuum (e.g., the space between atoms).

1988. A 5 kg object is to be given an upward
acceleration of 0.3 m/s2 by a rope pulling
iv. A blackbody is a body that absorbs all
straight upward on it. What must be the
the radiant energy falling on it.
tension in the rope? Solution:
1985. Capital loss occurs when a
depreciable asset is disposed of for less than
its current book value.

1986. Heat is thermal energy in transit from

a system (or aggregate of electrons, ions,
and atoms) at one temperature to a system
that is in contact with it but is at a lower
temperature. Its SI unit is the joule. Other
units used are the calorie (1 cal = 4.185 8 J)
and the British thermal unit (1 Btu = 1054
J).
The tension in the rope is FT and the weight
of the object is
1987. A traffic light weighing 22 pounds is
FW = mg = (5 kg)(9.81 m/s2) 49.1 N
suspended by two wires as shown. Find the
magnitude of the tension in wire AB, and
the magnitude of the tension in wire AC. Using ∑Fy = ma we have
FT - FW = ma
FT – 49.1 = 5 kg (0.3 m/s2)
FT = 50.6 N

1989. Solve for x: 2 sin x – 1 = 0

Solution:
2 sin x – 1 = 0
2 sin x = 1
1
sin x = 2
1
x = sin-1 2 = 30 degrees

1990. An option is a purchase or investment

Solution:
that contractually provides the privilege to
take a stated action by some stated time in
the future, or the right to not accept the offer
and forfeit the option.

1991. A real option, in engineering

economy terms, is the investment (cost) in a
project, process, or system. The options
usually involve physical (real) assets,
buildings, equipment, materials, and the
like.

1992. Thermal Energy Can Be Transferred

T1 = tension in wire AC
into or out of a system via the mechanisms
T2 = tension in wire AB
of conduction, convection, and radiation.
By sine law,
T2 T W 1993. In triangle ABC, A = 30 deg., B = 70
= sin145 = sin 75 deg., and a = 8 m. Find the length of side c.
sin 60
T2 T1 22
= = sin 75 Solution:
sin 60 sin 60

T1 22
=
sin 60 sin 45
sin 45(22)
T1 = = 16.11 pounds
sin 75

T2 22
= sin 75
sin 60

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 205
C = 180 – (30 + 70) = 80 deg.

By sine law,
c a
sin C
= sin A
c 8
sin 80
= sin 30
8 sin 80
c= sin 30
= 15.76 m

1994. A 600-kg car is coasting along a level

road at 30 m/s. (i.) How large a retarding
force (assumed constant) is required to stop Because the box does not move up or down,
it in a distance of 70 m? (ii.) What is the we have ∑Fy = may = 0
minimum coefficient of friction between FN + 200 = mg
tires and roadway if this is to be possible? FN + 200 = 70(9.81)
Assume the wheels are not locked, in which FN = 486.7 N
F
case we are dealing with static friction— μk = F f
N
there’s no sliding. F
0.5 = 486.7f N
Solution:
i. Ff = 243.35 N
Vfx 2 −Vix 2 0−(30 m/s)2
a= = = -6.43 m/s2
2x 2(70) ∑Fx = ma
F = ma = 600 kg(-6.43 m/s2) = -3858 N 346 – 243.35 = 70a
a = 1.47 m/s2
ii.
F F 3858
μs = F f = mgf = 600(9.81) = 0.655 2001. revenues. This includes all sales and
N
interest revenue that the company has
received in the immediate past accounting
1995. assets. Summary of all resources
period.
owned by or owed to the company.
2002. Concurrent forces are forces whose
1996. The Specific Heat of a substance is
lines of action all pass through a common
the quantity of heat required to change the
point.
temperature of a unit mass of the substance
by one degree Celsius or equivalently by
2003. expenses. This is a summary of all
one kelvin.
expenses (operating and others, including
taxes) for the period.
1997. There are two main classes of assets.
current assets represent shorter-lived
2004. strain. The fractional deformation
working capital (cash, accounts receivable,
resulting from a stress. It is measured as the
etc.), which is more easily converted to cash,
ratio of the change in some dimension of a
usually within 1 year. Longer lived assets
body (often its length) to the original
are referred to as fixed assets (land,
dimension in which the change occurred.
buildings, etc.).
2005. The tension in the horizontal cord is
1998. Young’s Modulus (Y), or the modulus
𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 30 N as shown. Find the weight of the
of elasticity, is defined as 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬. hanging body.

1999. liabilities. summary of all financial

obligations (debts, mortgages, loans, etc.) of
a corporation.

2000. A 70 kg box is pulled by a 400 N

force at an angle of 30° to the horizontal.
The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.5.
Find the acceleration of the box.
Solution:

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 206
Solution: i. ∑Fx = 0:
Ff = 25 cos 40 = 19.15 N

ii. ∑Fy = 0:
FN + 25 sin 40 = 50
FN = 33.93 N

iii.
F 19.15 N
μk = F f = 33.93 N = 0.564
∑Fx = 0: N

FT2 cos 40 = 30
FT2 = 39.16 N 2011. Accounting. A systematic way of
recording and reporting financial
∑Fy = 0 transactions for a business or organization.
FT1 = FT2 sin 40 = 39.16(sin 40) = 25.17 N
2012. In a dice game, one fair die is used.
FW = FT1 = 25.17 N The player wins ₱20 if he rolls either 1 or 6.
He losses ₱10 if he turns up any other face.
2006. prime cost + indirect cost = Cost of What is the expected winning for one roll of
goods sold the die?
Solution:
2007. The bulk modulus describes the The probability of winning (getting 1 or 6) is
volume elasticity of a material. 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6 = 1/3.

2008. direct materials + direct labor = prime The probability of losing is 1 – 1/3 = 2/3.
cost
The expected winning for one roll is
2009. current ratio. This ratio is utilized to (1/3)(20) – (2/3)(10) = 0
analyze the company’s working capital 2013. accounts payable. The amount of
current assets money a company owes creditors (suppliers,
condition. It is defined as current liabilities. etc.) in return for goods and/or services they
have delivered.
2010. A 50-N box is slid straight across the
floor at constant speed by a force of 25 N, as 2014. The Shear Modulus describes the
shown in the figure. shape elasticity of a material.
i. How large a friction force impedes the
motion of the box? 2015. Revenues – expenses = profit (or
ii. How large is the normal force? loss)
iii. Find μk between the box and the floor.
2016. The elastic limit of a body is the
smallest stress that will produce a permanent
distortion in the body. When a stress in
excess of this limit is applied, the body will
not return exactly to its original state after
the stress is removed.

2017. cost of goods sold. It represents the

net cost of producing the product marketed
by the firm.

Solution: 2018. Add the given vectors: (-4,7) + (5,-9).

Solution:
(-4,7) + (5,-9) = [(-4+5), (7 + (-9)] = (1, -2)

2019. Heat is the thermal energy that flows

from one body or system to another, which
is in contact with it, because of their
temperature difference. It always flows from
hot to cold.

2020. Engineer Marvin calculated that a

certain construction project can be finished

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 207
in 200 days by 30 workers. The project Solution:
started with 30 workers. At the end of 90 The length of the vector (x, y, z) is
days, 10 workers were fired. The remaining �x 2 + y 2 + z 2
workers continued the work for 30 days.
Then 30 workers were added to finish the length = √22 + 12 + 42 = √21
job. After completing the project: were they
behind schedule, right on schedule or before 2031. The Carnot cycle is the most efficient
schedule? cycle possible for a heat engine.
Solution:
200(30) = 90(30) + 30(20) + x(50) 2032. credit. An accounting entry that may
x = 54 days either decrease assets or increase liabilities
The project was completed in and equity on the company's balance sheet,
90 + 30 + 54 = 174 days. depending on the transaction.
answer: They were before schedule. 2033. The Second Law of
Thermodynamics can be stated in three
2021. The Internal Energy of a system is equivalent ways:
the total energy content of the system. It is i. Heat flows spontaneously from a hotter to
the sum of all forms of energy possessed by a colder object, but not vice versa.
the atoms and molecules of the system. ii. No heat engine that cycles continuously
can change all its heat-in to useful work-out.
2022. Current assets. Assets that will be iii. If a system undergoes spontaneous
converted to cash within one year. change, it will change in such a way that its
Typically, this could be cash, inventory or entropy will increase or, at best, remain
accounts receivable. constant.
2023. The First Law of Thermodynamics 2034. What is the sine of 820°? 0.9848
is a statement of the law of conservation of
energy. 2035. A Propagating Wave is a self-
sustaining disturbance of a medium that
2024. Fixed assets. Long-term assets and travels from one point to another, carrying
will likely provide benefits to a company for energy and momentum.
more than one year, such as a real estate,
land or major machinery. 2036. Accounts receivable. The amount of
money owed by customers or clients to a
2025. An Isobaric Process is a process business after goods or services have been
carried out at constant pressure. delivered and/or used.
2026. i. How many heat units (Btu) are 2037. Sound Waves are longitudinal
required to raise one pound of water from compression waves in a material medium
55°F to 212°F? such as air, water, or steel.
ii. How many ft-lbs of work does this
represent? 2038. debit. An accounting entry where
Solution: there is either an increase in assets or a
i. 1 Btu = 1lb-°F decrease in liabilities on a company's
1lb(212°F - 55°F) = 157 lb-°F = 157 Btu balance sheet.
ii. 1 Btu = 778 ft-lbs 2039. Loundness is a measure of the human
157(778) = 122146 ft-lbs perception of sound
2027. An Isovolumic Process is a process 2040. If coversine θ is 0.134, find the value
carried out at constant volume.
of θ.
Solution:
2028. Balance sheet. A financial report that coversine = versed cosine = 1 – sin θ
summarizes a company's assets (what it 1 – sin θ = 0.134
owns), liabilities (what it owes) and owner
sin θ = 0.866
or shareholder equity ;at a given time. θ = 60°
2029. An Adiabatic Process is one in which 2041. Coulomb’s Law is an experimental
no heat is transferred to or from the system. law of physics that quantifies the amount of
force between two stationary, electrically
2030. Find the length of the vector (2,1,4). charged particles.
Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 208
2042. diversification. The process of 30° = A + 2B
allocating or spreading capital investments
into varied assets to avoid over-exposure to 2053. When current can follow only one
risk. path as it flows through two or more
resistors connected in line, the resistors are
2043. Volt is the derived unit for electric in series.
potential, electric potential difference
(voltage), and electromotive force. 2054. $900 is to be divided among A,B, and
C so that C will receive twice as much as A
2044. expenses. The fixed, variable, accrued and B will receive $100 more than A. How
or day-to-day costs that a business may much does B receive in $?
incur through its operations. Solution:
Let A be the number of dollars which A
2045. A capacitor is a device that stores recieves, then C receives 2A and B recieves
electrical energy in an electric field. A+100. And
A + (A + 100) + 2A = 900
2046. cash flow. The revenue or expense A + A + 100 + 2A = 900
expected to be generated through business 4A = 800
activities (sales, manufacturing, etc.) over a A = 200
period of time. Hence, B receives 200 + 100 = $300

2047. An electric current is the rate of flow 2055. A node is a point where three or more
of electric charge past a point or region. current-carrying wires or branches meet.

2048. Fill in the blanks. Expenses. 2056. equity. assets minus liabilities
i. fixed expenses. payments like rent that
will happen in a regularly scheduled 2057. Kirchhoff’s Node (or Junction)
cadence. Rule. The sum of all the currents coming
into a node (i.e., a junction where three or
ii. variable expenses. expenses, like labor more current-carrying leads or branches
costs, that may change in a given time attach) must equal the sum of all the currents
period. leaving that node.

iii. accrued expenses. an incurred expense 2058. Economic life is the length of time
that hasn’t been paid yet. during which the property may be operated
at a profit.
iv. operation expenses. business
expenditures not directly associated with the 2059. Kirchhoff’s Loop (or Circuit) Rule.
production of goods or services—for As one traces around any closed path (or
example, advertising costs, property taxes or loop) in a circuit, the algebraic sum of the
insurance expenditures. potential changes encountered is zero. In
this sum, a potential (i.e., voltage) rise is
2049. Ampere is the base unit of electric positive and a potential drop is negative.
current in the International System of Units
(SI). 2060. In a children's park, the ratio of the
number of adults to the number of children
2050. capital. A financial asset or the value is 1:4. After five minutes, 1 adult and 10
of a financial asset, such as cash or goods. children came. The ratio became 1:5. What
was the original number of adults?
2051. Ohm's law states that the current Solution:
through a conductor between two points is Let A be the original number of adults and C
directly proportional to the voltage across be the original number of children. Then we
the two points. have the two equations:

2052. If sin 3A = cos 6B, then: A 1 A+1 1

C
= 4 and C+10 = 5
Solution:
Note that sin A = cos (90° - A)
Solving the system of equations gives
A = 5 and C = 20.
sin 3A = cos 6B
cos (90° – 3A) = cos 6B
The desired answer is 5.
90° – 3A = 6B
90° = 3A + 6B

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 209
2061. Magnetic Field exists in an otherwise Answer:
empty region of space if a charge moving Qb6+ is the best move because the black
through that region can experience a force queen checks the opposing king while
due to its motion. attacking the undefended white bishop.

2062. bond. A form of debt investment and 2069. Concave mirrors form inverted real
is considered a fixed income security. images of objects placed beyond the
principal focus. If the object is between the
2063. Magnet is a material or object that principal focus and the mirror, the image is
produces a magnetic field. virtual, erect, and enlarged.

2064. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 2070. In triangle ABC, A = 45 degrees and
34 m. Find the length of the shortest leg if it C = 70 degrees. The side opposite C is 40
is 14 m shorter than the other leg. meters long. What is the length of the side
Solution: opposite A?
shortest leg = x Solution:
longest leg = x + 14 Note that A, B and C are the interior angles
hypotenuse = 34 of the triangle and a, b, and c are the sides
opposite each angle.
By Pythagorean theorem, By law of sines,
342 = (x + 14)2 + x2
a c
1156 = x2 + 28x + 196 + x2 = sin C
sin A
2x2 + 28x – 960 = 0 a 40
x2 + 14x - 480 = 0 sin 45
= sin 70
a = 30.1 meters
By using the quadratic formula,
x = 16 or x = -30 2071. Convex mirrors produce only erect
virtual images of objects placed in front of
answer: 16 m them. The images are diminished (smaller
than the object) in size.
2065. Electric Generators are machines
that convert mechanical energy into 2072. A frog has fallen into a pit that is 30m
electrical energy. deep. Every day the frog climbs 3m, but
falls back 2m at night. How many days does
2066. return on investment. A measure it take for him to escape?
used to evaluate the financial performance Solution:
relative to the amount of money that was At the end of the 27th day, the frog is
invested. 27 × (3-2) = 27 meters from the bottom of
the pit.
2067. Reflection is the change in direction
of a wavefront at an interface between two On the 28th day, he climbs up to 27 + 3 = 30
different media so that the wavefront returns meters, which means that he just climbed
into the medium from which it originated. out of the pit.

2068. Black to move. Find the best move. answer: 28 days

2073. Refraction. When a ray of light is

transmitted obliquely through the boundary
between two materials of unlike index of
refraction, the ray bends.

2074. Physical life of a property is the

length of time during which it is capable of
performing the function for which it was
designed and manufactured.

2075. Snell's law also known as Snell-

Descartes law and the law of refraction is
a formula used to describe the relationship
between the angles of incidence and
refraction.

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber
 Plumbing Arithmetic Review Quiz 210
2076. A truck travels from point M 2082. liabilities. A company's debts or
northward for 30 minutes then eastward for financial obligations incurred during
one hour, then shifted N 30° W. If the business operations.
constant speed is 40 kph, how far directly 2083. Nucleus of an atom is a positively
from M, in km. will be it after 2 hours? charged entity at the atom’s center. Its radius
Solution: is roughly 10−15 m, which is about 10−5 as
large as the radius of the atom.

2084. Functional depreciation. Type of

depreciation that is due to the lessening in
the demand for the function which the
property was designed to render.

2085. Hydrogen is the lightest and simplest

of all the atoms.

2086. insolvency. A state where an

individual or organization can no longer
meet financial obligations with lender(s)
d = Vt (d = distance, V = speed and t = time) when their debts come due.

MN = 40(0.5) = 20 km 2087. Logarithm to Base 10 of a number is

NO = 40(1) = 40 km the exponent or power to which 10 must be
OP = 40(0.5) = 20 km raised to yield that number.

PR = 20 sin 60 2088. Physical depreciation. Type of

RO = 20 cos 60 depreciation that is due to the lessening of
MQ = NR = 40 – RO = 40 – 20 cos 60 the physical ability of a property to produce
PQ = PR + MN = 20 sin 60 + 20 results.
By Pythagorean Theorem,
MP = �(PQ)² + (MQ)² ≈ 47.9 km 2089. Natural Logarithms are taken to the
base e = 2.718, rather than 10.

2077. Prism can be used to disperse light

into its various colors.

2078. Find x.
3x + 4 = 4x – 6
Solution:
3x + 4 = 4x - 6
10 = x

2079. Eyes are organs of the visual system.

They provide animals with vision, the ability
to receive and process visual detail, as well
as enabling several photo response functions
that are independent of vision.

2080. Depletion. Type of depreciation

which refers to the decrease in the value of a
property due to the gradual extraction of its
contents.

2081. Magnifying Glass is a converging

lens used so that it forms an erect, enlarged,
virtual image of an object placed inside its
focal point (i.e., at a distance less than one
focal length from the lens).

Marvin “The Legend” Kalngan, Licensed Civil Engineer, Licensed Master Plumber