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Diabetic Retinopathy

The document discusses an automated machine learning method for detecting diabetic retinopathy from retinal images by extracting features like exudates, haemorrhages, and microaneurysms and classifying using a hybrid SVM and KNN classifier. It provides background on diabetic retinopathy and reviews related work applying methods like fractal analysis, neural networks, and principal component analysis to detect microaneurysms and classify retinopathy.

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Ganavi R Patel
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45 views

Diabetic Retinopathy

The document discusses an automated machine learning method for detecting diabetic retinopathy from retinal images by extracting features like exudates, haemorrhages, and microaneurysms and classifying using a hybrid SVM and KNN classifier. It provides background on diabetic retinopathy and reviews related work applying methods like fractal analysis, neural networks, and principal component analysis to detect microaneurysms and classify retinopathy.

Uploaded by

Ganavi R Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENTS

Abstract
Introduction
Literature Survey
Problem Statement
Objectives
Methodology
Software and Hardware Requirements
References
ABSTRACT

Diabetic retinopathy is a disease caused by uncontrolled chronic


diabetes and it can cause complete blindness if not timely treated.
Manual detection of diabetic retinopathy by ophthalmologist take
plenty of time and patients need to suffer a lot at this time.
An automated system can help detect diabetic retinopathy quickly and
we can easily follow-up treatment to avoid further effects to the eye.
This study proposes a machine learning method for extracting three
features like exudates, haemorrhages, and micro aneurysms and
classification using hybrid classifier.
From the results of the experiments, the highest accuracy values 82%.
INTRODUCTION
Diabetic Retinopathy is a complication that affect the eye due to the result
of high blood glucose called diabetes. It can cause vision loss and in severe
condition can lead to complete blindness.
Early symptoms of diabetic retinopathy includes,
1. Blurred vision
2. Darker areas of vision
3. Eye floaters
4. Difficulty in perceiving colours.
Proper detection of diabetic retinopathy in early stage is extremely
important to prevent complete blindness.
Of an estimated 285 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide, approximately one third have
signs of diabetic retinopathy. Globally the number of people affected with diabetic retinopathy will
increase from 126.6 million in 2010 to 191.0 million by 2030.
Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) is an early stage of disease in retina where tiny
red spots occur. These tiny spots may represent haemorrhageand abnormal pouching of blood
vessels represents microaneurysms.
The lining of these blood vessels can become damaged enough to allow leakage of fluid and fatty
material called exudates.
Available physical tests to detect diabetic retinopathy includes pupil dilation, visual acuity test,
optical coherence tomography, etc. But they are time consuming and patients need to suffer a lot.
This project focuses on automated computer aided detection of diabetic retinopathy using machine
learning hybrid model by extracting the features haemorrhage, micro aneurysms and exudates.
The classifier used in this proposed model is the hybrid combination of SVM and KNN.
LITERATURE SURVEY
[Farrikh Alzami, 2019] described a system for diabetic retinopathy grade classification based on fractal
analysis and random forest using MESSIDOR dataset. Their system segmented the images, then
computed the fractal dimensions as features. They failed to distinguish mild diabetic retinopathy to
severe diabetic retinopathy.
[Qomariah 2019] proffered an automated system for classification of Diabetic Retinopathy and normal
retinal images using concurrent neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM). Features
comprised of exudates, haemorrhage and micro aneurysms. The author partitioned the proposed
system into 2 parts: the first part composed with feature extraction based on neural networks and the
second part performed classification using SVM.
[Kumar, 2018] proposed a system for improved diabetic retinopathy detection by extracting area and
number of micro aneurysms using colour fundus images from DIARETDB1 dataset. Pre-processing of
fundus images were performed using green channel extraction, histogram equalization and
morphological process. Principal component analysis (PCA), contrast limited adaptive histogram
equalization (CLAHE), morphological process, averaging filtering were applied for micro aneurysms
detection and classification is done by linear support vector machine (SVM)
PROBLEM STATEMENT

Existing system : Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe complication of


diabetes that can lead to vision impairment and blindness if not detected
and treated early. Manual detection of diabetic retinopathy by
ophthalmologist take plenty of time and patients need to suffer a lot at
this time.
Proposed system : The project aims to develop a predictive model for
diabetic retinopathy based on relevant risk factors, utilizing Support
Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest
machine learning algorithms.
OBJECTIVES
The project involves analyzing and utilizing relevant risk factors associated
with diabetes to create a robust system that can identify individuals at risk
of developing diabetic retinopathy.
The ultimate goal is to enhance early detection and intervention,
contributing to better patient outcomes and healthcare management in
the context of diabetic eye complications.
To study the difference between the normal cell and the affected cell
using the hybrid combination of SVM and KNN.
The project majorly aims to reduce the rate of occurrence of diabetic
retinopathy i.e., losing visibility in the diabetic patients.
METHODOLOGY

The Image of the cell from kaggle dataset is given as the input and then in image
pre-processing, to find exudates, initially image from dataset is converted to HSV
image.
After image pre-processing, to segment exudates we have done smoothing,
masking and bitwise AND.
1. Smoothing is employed to remove high spatial frequency noise from image.
2. Masking is an image processing method in which we define a small 'image
piece' and use it to modify a larger image.
3. Bitwise AND operations are used in image manipulation and used for
extracting essential parts in the image.
For binary classification, here we are using 2 features, ie, number of exudates as
first parameter and number of haemorrhages and micro aneurysms as second
parameter. That is, we are counting number of white pixels from the segmented
images and divide it by total number of pixels in the image.
In the proposed method we are implementing hybrid classifier. That is we are
using combination of five classifiers, Support vector machines, K nearest
neighbours, Random forest.
Software and Hardware Requirements
Software Requirements
Operating system: Windows 10
Programming-Language: Python
Framework: Python IDLE
Tool: PyCharm
Hardware Requirements
Central-Processor: Intel i5 2.4 GHz
RAM: 4GB or above
Hard disk: 40 GB
REFERENCES
[1] Farrikh Alzami, Abdussalam, Rama Arya Megantara and Ahmad Zainul Fanani, “Diabetic Retinopathy
Grade Classification based on Fractal Analysis and Random Forest”, International Seminar on Application for
Technology of Information and Communication, 2019.
[2] Dinial Utami Nurul Qomariah, Handayani Tjandrasa and Chastine Fatichah, “Classification of Diabetic
Retinopathy and Normal Retinal Images using CNN and SVM”, 12th International Conference on Information
and Communication Technology and System, 2019.
[3] Shailesh Kumar and Basant Kumar “Diabetic Retinopathy Detection by Extracting Area and Number of
Micro aneurysms from Colour Fundus Images”, 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and
Integrated Networks, 2018.
[4] Mohamed Chetoui, Moulay A Akhloufi, Mustapha Kardoucha , “Diabetic Retinopathy Detection using
Machine Learning and Texture Features”, IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer
Engineering, 2018.
[5] S Choudhury, S Bandyopadhyay, SK Latib, DK Kole, C Giri, “Fuzzy C Means based Feature Extraction
and Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy using Support Vector Machines”, International Conference on
Communication and Signal Processing, April 2016.
THANK YOU

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