Tugas 2 Bahasa Inggris Niaga

TUGAS 2
NIM : 042055919
NAMA : Dwi Febri Yanti
Matakuliah : Bahasa Inggris Niaga
Kepada Yth Bapak / Ibu Tutor
Soal :
Tugas 1
1. Buatlah essay dengan paling tidak 3 paragaph (1 buah paragraph awal, 1 buah
paragraph isi dan 1 buah paragraph penutup).
2. Tulislah jawaban anda pada rentang antara 150-200 kata.
3. Jawaban essay diketik dan dikirimkan ke Forum Tugas dalam bentuk Word.
Pilihlah salah satu topik berikut:
A. The number of GDP can always tell whether a country is prosperous or not.
Do you agree or disagree to the statement?
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The number of GDP can always tell whether a country is prosperous or not.
Do you agree or disagree to the statement?
Yes agree because :
Key points
 GDP is an indicator of people's standard of living, but only a rough indicator because
it does not directly take into account leisure time, environmental quality, level of
health and education, activities carried out outside the market, changes in income
inequality, increased variation in income, technological improvements, or - positive or
negative - the value that society might place on a particular type of output.
 The standard of living are all the elements that affect people's happiness, whether
these elements are bought and sold in the market or not.
Limitations of GDP as a standard of living measure
Since many factors that contribute to people's happiness are not traded, GDP is a
limited tool for measuring living standards. To understand the limits better, let's look at some
of the factors that are not accounted for in GDP.
GDP doesn't take leisure into account. US GDP per capita is greater than Germany's
GDP per capita, but does this prove that the standard of living in the United States is higher?
That is not necessarily because it is also true that the average US worker works several
hundred more hours per year than the average German worker. The GDP calculation does
not take into account the extra holiday week for German workers.
GDP includes what is spent on environmental protection, health care and education,
but does not include actual levels of environmental hygiene, health and learning. GDP
includes the cost of purchasing pollution control equipment, but does not address whether
air and water are actually cleaner or dirtier. GDP includes spending on medical care, but
does not address whether life expectancy or infant mortality is increasing or decreasing.
Likewise, GDP calculates expenditure on education, but does not directly indicate how much
of the population can read, write, or do basic math.
GDP includes production that is exchanged on the market, but does not include
production that is not exchanged on the market. For example, hiring someone to cut the
lawn or clean your house is a share of GDP, but doing these tasks alone is not a share of
GDP.
Are increases in GDP exaggerating or underestimating increases in living standards?
The fact that GDP per capita does not fully capture the idea of a broader standard of living
has raised concerns that GDP increases over time are an illusion. In theory, even if GDP
increases, living standards could fall if human health, environmental hygiene and other
factors not included in GDP deteriorate. Fortunately, this fear seems exaggerated.
In some ways, the increase in GDP actually understates the true increase in the standard of
living. For example, the regular working hours for US workers have fallen over the past
century from about 60 hours per week to less than 40 hours per week. Life expectancy and
health improved dramatically, as did average levels of education.
Since 1970, the air and water in the United States have generally been cleaner. New
technologies have been developed for entertainment, travel, information and health. A wide
variety of basic products such as food and clothing are available today compared to a few
decades ago. GDP does not include leisure, health, a cleaner environment, possibilities
created by new technologies, or increased diversity.
On the other hand, crime rates, traffic congestion rates, and income inequality in the United
States are higher now than they were in the 1960s. In addition, a large number of services
that were previously provided, especially by women, in a non-market economy are now part
of the market economy as calculated by GDP. Ignoring these factors, GDP will tend to
overestimate the true increase in the standard of living.
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Gross GDP, but useful
High levels of GDP should not be the sole objective of macroeconomic policies - or broader
government policies. However, while GDP doesn't measure the broader standard of living
with any precision, it measures production well, and shows when a country is materially
better or worse off in terms of jobs and income. In most countries, much higher GDP per
capita has coincided with other improvements in daily life in various dimensions, such as
education, health and environmental protection.
No single number captures all the elements of a concept as broad as the standard of living.
Nonetheless, GDP per capita is a reasonable, rough and ready-to-use measure of a
standard of living.
Check yourself questions
Briefly describe whether any of the following would cause GDP to overestimate or underplay
the rate of change in broad living standards.
 The environment is getting dirtier.
 The crime rate is down.
 A greater variety of goods is available to consumers
 Infant mortality is decreasing.
Demikian jawaban dari saya dan mohon koreksian dan revisi dari bapak / ibu tutor
Terima kasih
Salam
042055919 – Dwi Febri Yanti
Daftar Pustaka / Sumber Referensi
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