Homo Sapiens Präsentation

Table of content 05 the australopiths
01 Out of Africa
vs
02 Multiregional 03 the human family tree
04 creating family trees
07 sensational find Homo naledi

09 Homo floresiensis
06 the evolution of the upright gait
08 increasing of brain volume

MULTIREGIONAL HYPOTHESIS vs OUT OF AFRICA THEORY
modern human being modern human being has

has emerged in several emerged in east Africa and
regions at the same time from there colonized the
world
source: text book

Out of
Africa
created 200 thousand years ago
one population of Homo sapiens left Africa
the early human already colonized Europe 1.8 million years ago
Homo erectus lived in Asia -> unclear how
Homo erectus is the ancestor of the whole world

Multiregional Early humans had contact regularly (Africa, Asia, Europe)
Homo erectus: emerged in Africa
Homo sapiens: emerged independently
Asians, Australians & Europeans have emerged from different subpopulations of the Homo
erectus
- DIFFERENT
TRAITS -
Australian
Australian skull vs Australian skull
skull vs
Ngandong Java vs African skull
near East
3.7 9.3
7.3
Question
What do you think? Which theory is
the most believable and why?
The human family tree
source: text book

Scientists argue on how many species there were
- no clear answer
Who is descended from whom?

- still no answer
Are Sahelanthropus, Orrorin or Ardipithecus actually in the

ancestor line of the human being?
- still no answer
Creating family trees
IMPORTA
NT
assumes from
fossil finds
age & location ->
examinations
DNA-Material
cultural activities
source: text book
old family trees were less confusing than the ones from today
> many new fossils were found

THE
AUSTRALOPITHS Basic information
lived in Africa around 4-2
million years ago
close relatives of humans, but

not direct ancestors
small brains
walked upright
> evidenced by: pelvis, femur

& foot bones
males were larger than females
source: Wikipedia
LUCY (Australopithecus
afarensis) discovered 1974
lived 3.2 million years ago
varied diet
lived in diverse
environments
used simple tools
Source: Wikipedia
group living
> human evolutionary
history
The evolution of the upright gait
Why did the upright gait come along? created 4-7 million years ago
temperature was cooling in
Africa
> became drier
- upright gait minimized the
Bjjinsolation
Savannahs are seasonal habitants
- Nudity
- larger all around visibility
Source: Wikipedia
Sensational find Homo Naledi
BASIC
INFORMATION
1.50m tall
45kg
Largest collection of evidence so far for

an earlier species of hominini
Source: Wikipedia
Discovery near Johannesburg, South Africa, in 2013
Announcement 2015
Species extinct hominin
Characteristics small brain case
Skeletal remains deliberate disposal
Age debated
Controversy
Source: Wikipedia
age, classification & interpretation

Public impact media attention
Further research place in the human evolutionary tree
Increasing of brain volume
Homo ergaster
1984: discovered an 1.6 million year old
skeleton
“Lake Turkana”
found: teenager, 162cm -> would’ve

been approximately 180cm
ancestor of Homo erectus & all other species of

the genus Homo oldest fossils: 1.9 million years old
thought to have lived about 40.000 years ago youngest fossils: 1 million years old
Homo ergaster ≠ Homo erectus

Body physique:
brain volume
increased
tall, slim
through:
over eye bulges
> the using of
tools
Skull volume:
> social
750-850cm2 coexistence &
cooperation when
Tools: hunting
> cut, scrape, smash, > the usage of

pierce abstract terms
had fireplaces
Source: Wikipedia
Source: Wikipedia
QUESTION
Through what three aspects did the
brain volume increase?
the using of tools social coexistence & The usage of abstract
cooperation when terms
hunting
Homo floresiensis
2003, Indonesian island Flores, 1m, head: size of a grapefruit, lived through hunting, 18.000 years ago
found 6m deep, bones were not tools & remains were found
petrified
brain & height were questionable
brain: 380cm3 (smaller than
everyone) -> not dumb though
Source: Wikipedia
Did the Homo floresiensis have contact to
the modern human being?
Homo floresiensis was

wiped out
by volcanic eruption
But how did the 1m tall "human" hunt a 3m long lizard?

using their weakness
knocking them out
QUESTION
What made the homo floresiensis so
special?
small head shortness (dwarfism)

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Table of content 05 the australopiths

07 sensational find Homo naledi

06 the evolution of the upright gait

08 increasing of brain volume

modern human being modern human being has

source: text book

one population of Homo sapiens left Africa

Homo erectus lived in Asia -> unclear how

Homo erectus is the ancestor of the whole world

Homo erectus: emerged in Africa

Homo sapiens: emerged independently

source: text book

Who is descended from whom?

Are Sahelanthropus, Orrorin or Ardipithecus actually in the

source: text book

> many new fossils were found

close relatives of humans, but

> evidenced by: pelvis, femur

males were larger than females

Largest collection of evidence so far for

age, classification & interpretation

found: teenager, 162cm -> would’ve

ancestor of Homo erectus & all other species of

Homo ergaster ≠ Homo erectus

> cut, scrape, smash, > the usage of

Homo floresiensis was

But how did the 1m tall "human" hunt a 3m long lizard?

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