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Biotechnology

The document discusses how mutations in DNA can affect an individual. Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral depending on their location and effects. Beneficial mutations help organisms adapt, while harmful mutations can cause genetic disorders or cancer.

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Larah Sarmiento
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79 views2 pages

Biotechnology

The document discusses how mutations in DNA can affect an individual. Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral depending on their location and effects. Beneficial mutations help organisms adapt, while harmful mutations can cause genetic disorders or cancer.

Uploaded by

Larah Sarmiento
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name of Learner: _______________________________ Scorre: ___________________

Grade and Section: ____________________________ Date: _____________________

ACTIVITY SHEET No.5


DNA Mutation and Its Effect in an Individual

I. Learning Competency
1. Explain how mutation in DNA affects an individual.
II. Background Information for Learners
Mutations are often the victims of bad press — unfairly stereotyped as unimportant or as a cause of genetic disease. While many
mutations do indeed have small or negative effects, another sort of mutation gets less airtime. Mutations to control genes can have major (and
sometimes positive) effects.
A single mutation can have a large effect, but in many cases, evolutionary change is based on the accumulation of many mutations
with small effects. Mutational effects can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their context or location. Most non-neutral mutations
are deleterious. In general, the more base pairs that are affected by a mutation, the larger the effect of the mutation, and the larger the
mutation's probability of being deleterious.

Activity 1: Ratty-Rat Analysis

Directions: Study the picture below and answer the questions that follow.

Questions:
1. In what way the rat above differs from other rats?
_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________2. What do you think is the reason of


its being “different” to other rats?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________3. In what way the change can be
harmful to the mentioned organism?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Reading Time

Directions: Read the selection below and perform the given task.
Effects of Mutation
The majority of mutations have neither negative nor positive effects on the organism in which they occur. These mutations are called
neutral mutations. Examples include silent point mutations. They are neutral because they do not change the amino acids in the proteins they
encode. Many other mutations have no effect on the organism because they are repaired before protein synthesis occurs.
Cells have multiple repair mechanisms to fix mutations in DNA. are called Some mutations have a positive effect on the organism in
which they occur. They beneficial mutations. They lead to new versions of proteins that help organisms adapt to changes in their environment.
Beneficial mutations are essential for evolution to occur. They increase an organism’s changes of surviving or reproducing, so they are likely to
become more common over time. There are several well-known examples of beneficial mutations. Here are just two:
1. Mutations in many bacteria that allow them to survive in the presence of antibiotic drugs. The mutations lead to antibiotic-resistant strains
of bacteria.
2. A unique mutation is found in people in a small town in Italy. The mutation protects them from developing atherosclerosis, which is the
dangerous buildup of fatty materials in blood vessels. The individual in which the mutation first appeared has even been identified.

Imagine making a random change in a complicated machine such as a car engine. The chance that the random change would
improve the functioning of the car is very small. The change is far more likely to result in a car that does not run well or perhaps does not run at
all. By the same token, any random change in a gene's DNA is likely to result in a protein that does not function normally or may not function at
all. Such mutations are likely to be harmful. Harmful mutations may cause genetic disorders or cancer.
• A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation in one or a few genes. A human example is cystic fibrosis. A mutation in a single gene
causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs and blocks ducts in digestive organs.
• Cancer is a disease in which cells grow out of control and form abnormal masses of cells. It is generally caused by mutations in genes that
regulate the cell cycle. Because of the mutations, cells with damaged DNA are allowed to divide without limits. Cancer genes can be inherited.
Directions: Identify if the following mutations is beneficial, harmful or neutral. Write B for beneficial, H for harmful and N for neutral.
_________1. An albino tree frog can be easily seen among the green trees.
_________2. Poison dart frogs are normally bright blue, red or yellow in color.
_________3. Black bears can carry the mutated gene that produces the white bears.
_________4. A bean reducing its ability to produce food.
_________5. A human example is cystic fibrosis.

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