Ancient Greek

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ANCIENT GREEK

WORLD HISTORY 1
Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Social Studies
Timetable

Minoan Civilization rises 2600-1400 BCE


Mycenaeans invade the Crete 1700-1100 BCE
Dark Age come into play 1100-800 BCE
Hellenic Civilization develops around 800 – 323 BCE
Rise of Polis (Sparta and Athens)
Persian War
Peloponnesus War
Rise of Macedonian Empire

Downfall of Greeks to another Empire

Note: approximate dates


Minoan Civilization (2600 BCE – 1400 BCE)

• Location: Crete
• “Minoan” civilization was named after King Minos.
• Built magnificent palaces that housed by royal families, priest, and government officials.
• Minoans are seafaring traders, exporting wine, honey, and olive oil to its neighboring places.

• Notable ruler(s): King Minos- ruler of Crete


• Contributions:
Labyrinth – palace (architecture)
vivid frescoes (wall painting)
fine gold jewelry
elegant stone vases
Pottery- (Kamares ware)

• Reason(s) of Decline:
1. Eruption of Mount Thera
2. Greeks from the Mainland invaded the Crete (1450 BCE)
• Result of its Downfall: Mycenaeans occupied and rule the Crete.

Mycenaean Civilization (1700 BCE – 1100 BCE)

• Location: Originated in Mainland Greece and soon they occupied Crete as well
• Their civilization is usually called after the Palace at Mycenae.
• The Mycenaeans borrowed much from the Minoan Civilization.
• Rival Mycenaean kingdoms were often at war with another and it caused the decline of the civilization
around 1100 BCE

• Notable ruler(s): King Agamemnon


• Contribution(s):
1.Wall Thick Fortress
2Maskara
• Other features of theirs Culture
Wheat and Barley
Wool for textiles
Metal works and perfumes

• Reason(s) of Decline: Frequent War fare


• Result of its Downfall: Beginning of the Dark Age

Dark Age (1100 BCE – 800 BCE)

• Age where archeological records reveal the general poverty and loss of culture throughout the history
• The Dorians took over the Greece
• Decline of populations, literacy, and overall cultural activity.
Hellenic Civilization

• Most Greeks were farmers however because of having coastline harbors, Greeks became fishermen and
traders during this period.
• Greeks adopted the following:
1. Phoenician Alphabet
2. Lydian practice of Coins
3. Geometry

• This period, the basic ideas of ancient Greek god developed


• Homer’s work: Iliad and Odyssey
• Greek city-states Develop

Develops of City-States

City-State – a political system of an independent city having a sovereignty over contiguous territory and serving
as center and leader political, economic, and cultural life.

Polis- another name of city-state/ city/ citadel


There are thousands of polies in Greece.
Main polies:

• Sparti- Sparta
• Athina- Athens
• Korinthos- Corinth
• Thiva- Thebes
• Siracusa- Syracuse
• Egina- Aegina
• Rodos- Rhodes
• Argos
• Eretria

SPARTA

• Sparta is came from their fertile land valley surrounded by lots and lots of mountains. In Dorik Greek
Sparta and in Ionic Greek Sparti which mean Crop.

• But in another explanation the name Sparta is came from late wife of King Lacedeamon (King of
Laconia)
• Located in Southern Greece (Specifically in Laconia, Greece near Eurotas River.
• Largest polis in Ancient Greece covered about 3,200 sq. miles.
• Dorian was settled in Sparta
• Occupied the southern peninsula of Greece Pelopennesus.
• The population of Sparta 5,000 male citizen recorded. The whole population of Sparta is around 35,000
to 50,000 citizens with Helots and Perioikoi.
• Sparta aim to produce strong and bodied and fearless people both man and woman.
• Sparta’s Government: Oligarchy
• Famous notable ruler: King Leonidas

ATHENS

• Named after the goddess Athena, Wisdom and Courage.


• Largest number of populations (350,000 -650,000 Citizen)
• Home of great thinkers:
Socrates- Founder of the western Philosophy
Plato- Explain solar system as syste
Pericles Euripides
Sophocles Aeschylus

• Cradle of Democracy
Demos- people Kratos – Power
Power of the People
• Father of Democracy: Cleisthenes
• Pisistratus promotes cultural life.
• Solon makes political reforms. He canceled the debts of the poor, freed those who had been enslaved for
debt, and made slavery for debt illegal. He repealed many Draco’s law

Persian War Against Greece

• 1st Persian War


- 490 BC at Marathon
- Reason: Persian King Darius wants to punish Athens and invade Greece due to their rebellion
against Ionian revolt.
- Result: Greece won

• 2nd Persian War


- 480 BC
- Reason: To get revenge on Greece
- Result: Greece won the battle and leads of creation Delian League

Delian League (478 BC)


Alliance with other city-states. The city-states joined forces to protect themselves against enemies.

Peloponnesus War (431 B.C – 404 B.C)

• Athens vs. Sparta


• 27 years of battle
• War weakens the Greek city-states.
• It was a great tragedy for all Greece.

Rise of Macedonian Empire

• In 359 BC, Philip became king of Macedonia. Philip built a strong army and won the support of some
city-states that opposed Athens.
• In 338 BC, King Philip’s forces crushed the Greek alliance. Greek city-states lost its independence.
• Alexander of Macedonia establishes an empire. One of the greatest military leaders in history.
• Alexander crossed the Hellespont and freed the Greek colonies in Asia Minor.
• Conquered the lands: Phoenicia, Egypt, India, Mesopotamia

Downfall of Macedonian Empire

1. Alexander’s death: thyroid fever 323 BC


After his death, his Diadochoi (genereals) divided his conquered lands among themselves.

Diadochoi
Ptolemy got Egypt
Seleucus got Mesopotamia and all of the East
Antigonus ruled Asia Minor
Lysimachus and Antipater took Thrace and Mainland Greece

2. The successors (Diadochoi) made wrong decisions on the latter part which resulted what Philip and
Alexander’s effort put to an end.

Result:
The Roman empire took over Greece

Submitted to: Ms. Renzie Macariola

Submitted by: Group 2 | 2ND year Social Studies


Famanilay, Sheena Rose
Belardo, Jan Romeo
Neyra, John Rey
Azulis, Elaine
Elane, Jemayma
Moreno, Rodalyn

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