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(2)
Theory of centrifugal pumps
1. A centrifugal pump has an impeller with an external diameter of 250
mm and an internal diameter of 150 mm. The impeller width at inlet is 15
mm. The vanes are backward curved and have an angle of 45 at exit. The
fluid enters the impeller with no prerotation (no whirl) and the radial velocity
component is constant throughout the impeller. The flow rate is 2.7 m 3/min,
when the speed of rotation is 1100 rpm.
a. Calculate the vane angle at inlet.
b. Determine the theoretical head developed by the pump (neglect all losses).
2. A centrifugal pump running at speed of 600 r.p.m discharges water at

a rate of (2.8) m3 /sec. Against a manometric head of (55) m. flow is radial at
inlet and the flow velocity is (8) m /sec and losses due to friction and leakage
may be assumed to each (2%). If the velocity of whirl at outlet is half the
tangential speed at outlet find: - 1)-The exit dimension of the impeller. 2)-
The power required to drive the pump and 3) The inlet and outlet blade
angles.
Assume the impeller consists of (6) vanes of (1.25) cm thickness, overall

efficiency equal (75%) and the inner diameter is half the outer diameter.
3. A radial type of centrifugal pump is driven at 1200 rpm and consumes

20.3 kW of mechanical power. The pump impeller has the following
dimensions: D1 = 15 cm, b1 = 4 cm, β1 = 40o, D2 = 30 cm, b2 = 2.5 cm, β2 =
30o, the fluid enters the impeller vanes with no whirl. Knowing that the vane
efficiency = 80%, volumetric efficiency = 95%, and the hydraulic efficiency
= 88%, determine:
a. actual head developed by the pump.
b. loss of head due to the combined effect of friction and shock losses
c. mechanical power losses
d. power loss due to fluid leakage
4. A centrifugal pump with manometric efficiency of 0.8 operates against

a manometric head of 25 m. Assume the radial velocity of flow constant and
that the increase of pressure through the impeller is 65% of the total head
generated by the pump. Determine the operating speed and pump discharge.
The impeller outlet diameter is 20 cm and width 1.5 cm. The blades at outlet
are set back at 60º with the tangent. Impeller losses may be neglected.
5. A centrifugal water pump is driven at a speed of 1450 rpm. The pump

impeller is of radial type and has an average radius of 50 mm at the vane inlet
and a radius of 150 mm at the vane exit. The vane width at inlet and exit are
25 and 10 mm respectively. The vane angles are β1 = 50 and β2 = 30_.
Assuming no prerotation at inlet and neglecting all sources of losses,
determine:
a. the volume flow rate b. the output fluid power
c. the static pressure rise through the impeller.
6. The following data is provided for a centrifugal water pump:
The fluid is directed (using guide vanes) at the impeller inlet in order to enter
with a small amount of prerotation such that Vu1 = 0.2 u1. Neglecting all types
of losses, calculate:
a. flow rate supplied by the pump, Q, b. head developed by the pump, H
c. driving torque, T, d. impeller degree of reaction, λ.

7. A radial-type pump has an impeller with vane inlet radius of 50 mm
and an outside diameter of 400 mm. The inlet and exit vane angles are 18 and
10, respectively, and a constant vane width of 60 mm. Knowing that the
pump is driven at a speed of 1800 rpm and assuming no whirl at inlet,
determine:
a. pump actual flow rate b. static pressure rise through the impeller
c. input power to the impeller d. power loss in leakage.
Note: Consider ηvol. = 0.98, ηmech. = 0.94, ηo = 0.82, ηvane = 0.90.
8. A centrifugal pump is designed to operate at a capacity of 0.24 m 3/s

against a total head of 25 m when driven at a speed of 1200 rpm. The friction
head loss in the impeller can be determined from hf = 0.12V r22 and the shock
losses are negligible. The fluid enters with no prerotation when operating at
the design point. Initial calculations showed that the impeller outer diameter
is 360 mm and the diameter at the vane inlet is 180 mm. Assuming that the
vane thickness reduces the area of flow by 6% (i.e. K = 0.94), determine:
a. width of the impeller at exit b. vane inlet and exit angles
c. loss of power due to hydraulic losses
d. power required to drive the pump, assuming that the mechanical losses
amount to 0.67 kW.
Note: Consider ηman = 80%, ηvol = 98%, ηvane = 95%.
9. Figure shows the details of a centrifugal pump impeller that has a rated
speed of 1450 rpm. The loss of head due to friction and shock losses is
2
approximately 0.15V 2 2 g while the mechanical power loss is 2.4 kW.
Assuming no prerotation at inlet, calculate:
a. pump head, H, and flow rate, Q b. pump brake power, BP

c. power loss in fluid leakage, PL
Note: If needed consider ηvane = 92%, ηvol = 98%.
Figure Diagram for Problem (all dimensions in mm)
10. A centrifugal pump has a double-shrouded impeller with nine vanes.

The radii at the vane inlet and exit are 90 and 180 mm, while the vane width
at exit is 32 mm. The pump delivers 860 L/min when driven at a speed of
1450 rpm and gives a pressure difference of 240 kPa between the inlet and
outlet flanges. The vane thickness reduces the area of flow by 5%. Assuming
a manometric efficiency of 88%, determine:
a. impeller degree of reaction
b. power required to drive the pump, assuming a mechanical efficiency of

92% and a volumetric efficiency of 97%.
11. A centrifugal pump lifts water against a static head of 40 m, of which

4 m is the suction lift, the suction and delivery pipes are both 15 cm diam.,
the head loss in suction pipe 2.3 m. and in the delivery pipe 7.4 m. The
impeller is 42 cm diameter and 2.5 cm wide at the mouth it revolves at 1200
r.p.m and its effective vane angle at exit is 35°. If a manometric efficiencies
is 0.82 and overall efficiencies 0.72. Determine the discharge delivered by
the pump and S.H.P. required; also find the pressure head indicate at the
suction and delivery branches of the pump.
12. A centrifugal pump, in which water enters radially, delivers water to a
manometric head of 165 m. The impeller has a diameter of 36 cm and width
18 cm at inlet and the corresponding dimensions at the outlet are 72 cm and
9 cm respectively; its rotational speed is 1200 r.p.m. The blades are curved
backward at 30o to the tangent at exit and the discharge is 0.389 m3/s.
Determine: (i) Theoretical head developed, (ii)Manometric efficiency, (iii)
Pressure head rise across the impeller assuming losses equal to 15 % of
velocity head at exit, (iv) Pressure head rise and the loss of head in the volute
casing, (v) The vane angle at inlet, and (vi) Power required to drive the pump
assuming an overall efficiency of 75%. What would be corresponding
mechanical efficiency?
13. Show that the pressure rise through the impeller of a centrifugal pump
with an inlet radial flow and backward vanes is given:
p 2 − p1
= (vf21 + u 22 − vf22 cos ec 22 ) / 2g where 1 + cot 2 2 = cos ec 22 and neglected

losses.
14. A centrifugal impeller is 25 [cm] outer diameter and 2.5 [cm] outer
width has blade angle at outlet 30 o. The pump develops 15 [m] manometric
head of which 2.5 [m] is regained in the volute casing and discharge 60[L/s].
If the hydraulic loss in the impeller is 1.8 [m]. There is no velocity of whirl
at inlet, the velocity of flow is constant throughout the impeller and the
velocity in both the suction and delivery pipe is 3.6 [m/s]. Find: the pump
speed, the hydraulic efficiency, head loss in volute and Specific speed.
15. A centrifugal pump has an impeller with inner and outer diameters at
150 mm and 250 mm respectively. It delivers water at the rate of 50 lit/sec at
1500 r.p.m. The velocity of flow through the impeller is constant at 2.5 m/s.
The blades are curved back at an angle of 30 o to the tangent at exit. The
diameters of suction and delivery pipes are 150 mm and 100 mm
respectively. The pressure head at suction end is 4 m below atmospheric and
that at delivery pump is 18 m above atmospheric pressure. The power
required to drive the pump is 18.4 kW. Find (i) the vane angle at inlet, (ii)
overall efficiency, and (iii) the manometric efficiency.
16. The impeller of a centrifugal pump is 0.3 m diameter and runs at 1450
r.p.m. The pressure gauge on suction and delivery side shows the difference
of 25 m. If the blades are curved back at an angle of 30 o to tangent at outlet
tips of the blades and the velocity of flow through the impeller being constant
equals to 2.5 m/s, find manometric efficiency. If the frictional losses in
impeller amount to 2 m, find the fraction of total energy which is converted
into pressure energy by whirl. Consider zero whirl at entry.
17. In a centrifugal pump it is usual to make the outside diameter (D 2) of

the impeller to be twice the inner diameter (D1). For this condition, show that
the minimum diameter of an impeller which will enable it to pump water to
head H meters at a speed n r.p.m at a manometric efficiency of 0.7 is
81.7 H
D2 = m
N
18. A centrifugal pump, which runs at 996 r.p.m, is mounted so that its
centre is 2.4 m above the water level in the suction sump. It delivers water to
a point 19 m above its centre; the friction loss in the suction pipe is 68 Q2
meter and that in the delivery pipe is 650 Q2 meter where Q in m3/s is the rate
of flow. The impeller of the pump is 350 mm diameter, and the width of the
blade passages at outlet is 18 mm. The blades themselves occupy 5 % of the
circumference and are backward facing at 35o to the tangent. At inlet, the
flow is radial, and the radial component of velocity remains unchanged
through the impeller. Assuming that 50 % of the velocity head of the water
leaving the impeller is converted to pressure head in the volute, and that
friction and shock losses in the pump, the velocity heads in the suction and
delivery pipes are negligible, calculate the rate of flow and the manometric
efficiency of the pump.
19. Assuming that the radial component of fluid flow through a centrifugal
pump remains constant and that the fluid enters radially, then prove that the
ratio of pressure head Hp to velocity head Hv created by the impeller
P −P
2 1
Hp  u + v cot 
(neglecting losses) is given by: = = 2 f2 2 , where u is
H v V 2 − V 2 u − v cot 
2 1 2 f2 2
2g
rim speed of impeller at outlet, vf is the velocity of flow and β2 is the vane
outlet angle. Hence show that the hydraulic efficiency of the impeller is given
u + v cot 
by:  = 2 f2 2
2u
2
20. A centrifugal impeller has external diameter of 30 [cm] and discharge

area of 0.108 m2. The blade is bent backwards so that the direction of the
relative velocity at outlet makes an angle of 145o with the direction of the
impeller rotation. The diameter of the suction and delivery pipes are 30 and
22 cm respectively. Gauge at points of the suction and delivery pipes close
to the pump read head of 3.6 m below and 18.6 m above atmospheric
pressure. The pump is 1.5 m above the sump level and delivers 720 m 3/hr of
water at 1200 r.p.m. The shaft power is 120 HP. If the vapor pressure=0.15
kgf/cm2, atmospheric pressure =1.013 kgf/cm2 and cavitation factor σ=0.1.
Find: the overall efficiency, the manometric efficiency and the loss of head
in the suction pipe, specific speed and cavitation occurs. Assuming that water
enters the impeller without shock or whirl.

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Sheet No.

a. Calculate the vane angle at inlet.

2. A centrifugal pump running at speed of 600 r.p.m discharges water at

Assume the impeller consists of (6) vanes of (1.25) cm thickness, overall

3. A radial type of centrifugal pump is driven at 1200 rpm and consumes

a. actual head developed by the pump.

d. power loss due to fluid leakage

4. A centrifugal pump with manometric efficiency of 0.8 operates against

5. A centrifugal water pump is driven at a speed of 1450 rpm. The pump

a. the volume flow rate b. the output fluid power

c. the static pressure rise through the impeller.

6. The following data is provided for a centrifugal water pump:

a. flow rate supplied by the pump, Q, b. head developed by the pump, H

c. driving torque, T, d. impeller degree of reaction, λ.

c. input power to the impeller d. power loss in leakage.

Note: Consider ηvol. = 0.98, ηmech. = 0.94, ηo = 0.82, ηvane = 0.90.

8. A centrifugal pump is designed to operate at a capacity of 0.24 m 3/s

a. width of the impeller at exit b. vane inlet and exit angles

c. loss of power due to hydraulic losses

Note: Consider ηman = 80%, ηvol = 98%, ηvane = 95%.

Assuming no prerotation at inlet, calculate:

a. pump head, H, and flow rate, Q b. pump brake power, BP

Note: If needed consider ηvane = 92%, ηvol = 98%.

Figure Diagram for Problem (all dimensions in mm)

10. A centrifugal pump has a double-shrouded impeller with nine vanes.

a. impeller degree of reaction

b. power required to drive the pump, assuming a mechanical efficiency of

11. A centrifugal pump lifts water against a static head of 40 m, of which

17. In a centrifugal pump it is usual to make the outside diameter (D 2) of

20. A centrifugal impeller has external diameter of 30 [cm] and discharge

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