Muhammad Abdullah

Assignment No.
Topic:
What is IPR? How its work. And What is WIPO?
Submitted To:
Mam Rafia Kazmi
Submitted By:
Syed Muhammad Abdullah
Class:
BS Accounting & Finance 6th Semester
Roll Number:
BSAF-21-03
DEPARTMENT:
COMMERCE (UNIVERSITY OF SAHIWAL )
 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPR)
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) REFERS TO CREATIONS OF THE MIND, LIKE INVENTIONS;
LITERARY AND ARTISTIC WORKS; DESIGNS; AND SYMBOLS, NAMES AND IMAGES USED IN
COMMERCE. IPRS ARE LEGAL RIGHTS THAT GIVE CREATORS OR OWNERS CONTROL OVER
THEIR CREATIONS.
DEFINITION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.

THE DEFINITION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS ANY AND ALL RIGHTS
ASSOCIATED WITH INTANGIBLE ASSETS OWNED BY A PERSON OR COMPANY AND
PROTECTED AGAINST USE WITHOUT CONSENT. INTANGIBLE ASSETS REFER TO NON-
PHYSICAL PROPERTY, INCLUDING RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY .
EXAMPLES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INCLUDE:
 PATENTS
 DOMAIN NAMES
 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 INVENTIONS
 MORAL RIGHTS
 DATABASE RIGHTS
 WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP
 SERVICE MARKS
HERE’S A BREAKDOWN OF HOW IPRS WORK:

THERE ARE SOME MAIN TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, INCLUDING
PATENTS, TRADEMARKS , COPYRIGHTS , AND TRADE SECRETS. OWNERS OF
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY FREQUENTLY USE MORE THAN ONE OF THESE TYPES OF
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW TO PROTECT THE SAME INTANGIBLE ASSETS. FOR
INSTANCE, TRADEMARK LAW PROTECTS A PRODUCT’S NAME, WHEREAS COPYRIGHT LAW
COVERS ITS TAGLINE.
 PATENTS
 Trademarks
 Copyrights
 Trade Secrets
 Granting Rights
 Enforcement
1. PATENTS
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office grants property rights to original
inventions, from processes to machines. Patent law protects inventions
from use by others and gives exclusive rights to one or more inventors.
Technology companies commonly use patents, as seen in the patent for the
first computer to protect their investment in creating new and innovative
products.
The three types of patents consist of
o Design patents:
Protection for the aesthetics of a device or invention. Ornamental design
patents include a product’s shape (Coca-Cola bottle), emoji’s, fonts, or any
other distinct visual traits.
o Plant patents:
Safeguards for new varieties of plants. An example of a plant patent is pest-
free versions of fruit trees. But inventors may also want a design patient if
the tree has unique visual properties.
o Utility patents:
Protection for a product that serves a practical purpose and is useful. IP
examples include vehicle safety systems, software, and pharmaceuticals.
This was the first, and is still the largest, area of patent law.
2. Trademarks
Trademarks protect logos, sounds, words, colours, or symbols used by a
company to distinguish its service or product. Trademark examples include
the Twitter logo, McDonald’s golden arches, and the font used by Dunkin.
Although patents protect one product, trademarks may cover a group of
products. The Lanham Act, also called the Trademark Act of 1946, governs
trademarks, infringement, and service marks.
3. Copyrights
Copyright law protects the rights of the original creator of original works of
intellectual property. Unlike patents, copyrights must be tangible. For
instance, you can’t copyright an idea. But you can write down an original
speech, poem, or song and get a copyright.
Once someone creates an original work of authorship (OWA), the author
automatically owns the copyright. But, registering with the U.S. Copyright
Office gives owners a head-start in the legal system.
4. Trade Secrets
Trade secrets are a company’s intellectual property that isn’t public, has
economic value, and carries information. They may be a formula, recipe, or
process used to gain a competitive advantage.
To qualify as a trade secret, companies must work to protect proprietary
information actively. Once the information is public knowledge, then it’s no
longer protected under trade secrets laws. According to 18 USC § 1839(3),
assets may be tangible or intangible, and a trade secret can involve
information that’s:
o Business
o Financial
o Technical
o Economic
o Scientific
o Engineering
Two well-known examples include the recipe for Coca-Cola and Google’s
search algorithm. Although a patent is public, trade secrets remain
unavailable to anyone but the owner.
5. Granting Rights:
IPRs are granted by national laws and enforced by courts. The specific
rights granted vary depending on the type of IP. For example, a patent
owner can prevent others from making, using, selling, or importing their
invention.
6. Enforcement:
Owners can take legal action against those who infringe on their IPRs. This
can involve seeking an injunction to stop the infringement or claiming
damages for financial losses.
 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
The World Intellectual Property Organisation or WIPO is a UN specialized
agency created in 1967 to promote intellectual property (IP) protection
and encourage creative activity all over the world. WIPO is basically a
global forum for IP policy, services, information and cooperation.
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is an international
organization that promotes and protects intellectual property around the
world. It’s one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations.
 It acts as a global forum for IP Services.
 WIPO is a self-funded agency of the United Nations.
 With 192 members, WIPO’s motto is to encourage creative activity, to
promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world.
 It is at present headed by Francis Gerry, who is its Director-General.
WIPO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
 WIPO has its origins in the United International Bureaux for the
Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI), which was established in
1893.
 Function:
 Global Forum:
WIPO provides a platform for countries to discuss and develop
international IP rules and policies.
 Global Services:
WIPO offers services for registering and protecting IP rights
internationally.
 Dispute Resolution:
WIPO helps resolve international IP disputes between parties.
 Standards and Infrastructure:
WIPO works on creating uniform standards and infrastructure for IP
systems worldwide.
 Knowledge Sharing:
WIPO serves as a central resource for information and statistics on IP
matters.
 WIPO Publications
The Global Innovation Index (GII) is a global ranking for countries for
success in and capacity for innovation.
 It is published by the WIPO in association with Cornell University and

graduate business school INSEAD.
 The index ranks countries based on 80 indicators, ranging from
intellectual property filing rates to Research and Development, online
creativity, mobile application creation, computer software spending,
education spending, scientific & technical publications and ease of
starting a business.
 WIPO’s Impact:
WIPO’s activities have a significant impact on various aspects of the global

landscape:
Encourages Creativity and Innovation:

A strong and effective IP system incentivizes creativity and innovation by
providing creators and inventors with exclusive rights to their work. This
allows them to recoup their investment and motivates them to develop new
ideas and technologies.
Facilitates Technology Transfer:
WIPO’s work helps facilitate the transfer of technology between countries.
This is achieved by establishing clear rules for IP ownership and licensing,
allowing developed countries to share technology with developing nations.
Promotes Economic, Social, and Cultural Development:
By fostering innovation and technology transfer, WIPO contributes to
economic growth, job creation, and overall socioeconomic development.
Additionally, by protecting cultural expressions, WIPO helps preserve and
promote diverse cultures around the world.
 Criticisms and Considerations:
While WIPO plays a vital role in the global IP landscape, there are ongoing
discussions and criticisms regarding its activities. Some argue that WIPO’s
focus on strong IP protection primarily benefits large corporations and
developed countries, potentially hindering access to knowledge and
innovation in developing nations.
 Conclusion:
WIPO remains a crucial organization for establishing a balanced and
effective international IP system. As technology continues to evolve and the
global economy becomes increasingly interconnected, WIPO’s role in
promoting creativity, innovation, and knowledge sharing will only become
more important. However, it’s essential to acknowledge ongoing
discussions about ensuring a fair and inclusive IP system that benefits all
stakeholders worldwide.

Muhammad Abdullah

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Assignment No.

DEFINITION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.

HERE’S A BREAKDOWN OF HOW IPRS WORK:

 It is published by the WIPO in association with Cornell University and

WIPO’s activities have a significant impact on various aspects of the global

Encourages Creativity and Innovation:

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