VII-Science-Matter and Chemical Formulae

Class-7
Science
Chapter-5
Matter and Chemical formulae
EXERCISES
A. Tick the ( √) correct option

1. The centre of an atom is:
a. proton b. neutron c. nucleus d. electron
Answer: b. nucleus
2. An element is a substance:
a. with only one kind of atom
b. with two or more substances
c. which can be broken down into simpler substances
d. all of these
Answer: a. with only one kind of atom
3. The total number of elements are
a.118 b.119 c.120 d. 121
Answer: a.118
4. The valency of which of this element is 1?
a. Iron b. Helium c. Hydrogen d. Oxygen
Answer: c. Hydrogen
5. A chemical symbol represents the
a. elements present in the compound
b. number of atoms of each compound
c. abbreviated name of the compound
d. abbreviated name of an element
Answer: d. abbreviated name of an element
6. Which of the following is not a mixture?
a. Air b. sea water c. pure water d. soil
Answer: c. pure water
7. In NaOH
a. Two elements are present
B. a single element is present
C. no element is present
d. Three elements are present
Answer: d. three elements are present
8. A water molecule is made up of
a. hydrogen b. oxygen c. both hydrogen and oxygen d. none of these
Answer: c. both oxygen and hydrogen
B. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. A molecule is formed only when similar atoms combine together. False
2. Combining capacity of an element is called its valency. True
3. Valency of oxygen is 3. False
4. Na+H2O→NaOH+H2 are a balanced equation. False
5. The chemical symbols of elements are abbreviated forms of the name of the
elements. True
C. Fill in the blanks:
1. The smallest particle in a compound is molecule.
2 If the formula of an element is X3, its atomicity is 3.
3. Compound can be broken into simpler forms of matter(elements)by
chemical means but not by physical methods.
4. When two or more atoms of different elements combine together
chemically, they form a compound.
5 The properties of compound are different from its constituent elements.
6. The number of atoms present in a molecule of an element is known as its
atomicity.
D. Match the following
Column A Column B
Answer:
1. Copper Cu
2. Element Atoms of one kind only
3. Proton Positive charge
4. Potassium hydroxide KOH
5. Combining capacity of atoms Valency
E. Answer the following questions in brief.
1. What does an atom consist of?
Answer:
An atom consists of proton, electron and neutron.
2 What does a formula represent?
Answer:
A formula represents the kind of elements present in a compound and the
number of atoms and molecules of those elements in the compound. Example:
The formula 2H2O represents 2 molecules of water, where each molecule of
water contains 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen
3. Write the valencies of iron, nitrogen, copper and sulphur.
Answer:
The valencies are:
Iron:
It has 2 valencies
Fe (II) Ferrous- 2
Fe (III) Ferric- 3
Copper
Cu (I) Cuprous - 1
Cu (II) Cupric -2
Nitrogen - 3
Sulphur - 2
4. Name the elements present in AgNO3.
Answer: Silver-Ag, Nitrogen-N and oxygen-O
5. Differentiate between
a. Atoms and Molecules
Atoms Molecules
The tiny particle of a chemical Molecules refer to the set of the
element, which may or may not exist atoms held together by the bond,
independently is called an atom. indicating the smallest unit of a
compound.
Comprise of Nucleus and electrons Two or more identical or different

atoms bonded chemically.
May or may not exist in free state. Exist in free state.
b. Elements and compounds

c. Chemical symbols and chemical formula
6. How can you form iron sulphide from a mixture of iron and sulphur?
Answer:
A mixture is made when you combine matter in a way where the components
can be separated again.
A compound results from a chemical reaction between components, forming a
new substance.
For example, you can combine iron filings with sulphur to form a mixture. All it
takes is a magnet to separate the iron from the sulphur.
On the other hand, if you heat the iron and sulphur, you form iron sulphide,
which is a compound. Fe + S → FeS
Answer the following questions in detail:
1. What is a compound? List three main properties that all compounds have?
Answer:
A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or
more elements in a fixed proportion.
Properties of a compound
1.A compound has a fixed composition.
For example, water molecule is always composed of two hydrogen atoms and
one oxygen atom.
2. A compound cannot be broken into its constituents by physical means.
3. A compound has a distinct set of properties which is not similar to the
properties of its constituent elements.
2. Which element does Cl represent? Write the name of the compound
formed by this element with sodium with help of an equation.
Answer:
Cl represents chlorine. Compound formed is NaCl Sodium Chloride
2 Na (s) + Cl2(g) → 2 NaCl (s)
3 Explain the difference between a mixture and a compound. Give examples.
Examples of Mixtures
• Sand and water.
• Salt and water.
• Sugar and salt.
• Ethanol in water.
• Air.
• Soda.
• Salt and pepper.
• Solutions, colloids, suspensions.
Examples of compounds:
• H20 - water.
• C6H12O6 - sugar.
• NaCl - salt.
• C2H5OH - alcohol.
• C4H10 - butane.
• NaHCO3 - baking soda.
• N20 - nitrogen.
• CH4 - methane.
4. What is a chemical equation? Explain with an example.
Answer:
• Chemical equations are symbolic representations of chemical reactions
in which the reactants and the products are expressed in terms of their
respective chemical formulae.
• They also make use of symbols to represent factors such as the direction
of the reaction and the physical states of the reacting entities.
• Chemical reactions can be represented on paper with the help of
chemical equations, an example for which is represented below (for the
reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form water).
• 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
• It can be observed in the example provided above that the reacting
entities are written on the left-hand side whereas the products that are
formed from the chemical reactions are written on the right-hand side of
the chemical equation
5. Write the chemical formulae for the following compounds, showing the
steps involved
A. Silver chloride
Step 1: Write symbols of elements present in compound
Ag Cl
Step:2 Put valency above each symbol
Ag1 Cl1
Step 3: Interchange the valency and write them as subscripts
Ag1 Cl1
Step 4: Cancel down ratio, if necessary, otherwise retain them as it is;
Now, silver chloride Formula is AgCl
B. Hydrogen Sulphide
H S
Step 2: Put valency above each symbol
H1 S2
H2S1
Step 4:
H2S
Now Hydrogen Sulphide Formula is H2S
C. Zinc Sulphate
Zn S O
Zn2 SO42
Zn2(SO4)2
ZnSO4
Now Zinc Sulphate Formula is ZnSO4
D. Magnesium nitrate
Mg NO3
Mg2 NO3-1
Mg1(NO3)2
Mg (NO3)2
Now, magnesium nitrate formula is Mg (NO3)2

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Class-7

A. Tick the ( √) correct option

Comprise of Nucleus and electrons Two or more identical or different

May or may not exist in free state. Exist in free state.

b. Elements and compounds

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