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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Biomedical Signal Processing

Assignment- Week 9
TYPE OF QUESTIONS: MCQ/MSQ
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10
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QUESTION 1:

𝑝
The general equation of a ARMA model is, 𝑦(𝑛) = − ∑𝑘=1 𝑎𝑘 𝑦(𝑛 −
𝑞
𝑘) + 𝐺 ∑𝑙=0 𝑏𝑙 𝑥(𝑛 −) , 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑏0 = 0. To get the ARMA model parameters, the number of
equations need to be solved are
a. p linear equations and q non-linear equations
b. p non- linear equations and q linear equations
c. (p+q) non-linear equations
d. None of the above

Correct Answer: a
Detailed Solution: Refer section 7.6 (POLE-ZERO MODELING) of R M Rangayyan “Biomedical
Signal Analysis: A case Based Approach”, IEEE Press, John Wiley & Sons. Inc., 2002.
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QUESTION 2:

𝑝 𝑞
The generalized equation of a ARMA model is, 𝑦(𝑛) = − ∑𝑘=1 𝑎𝑘 𝑦(𝑛 − 𝑘) + 𝐺 ∑𝑙=0 𝑏𝑙 𝑥(𝑛 −
𝑙), 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑏0 = 0. Which of the following statements are true?
e. The poles of the model can be derived from 𝑏𝑙 coefficients
f. The poles of the model can be derived from 𝑎𝑘 coefficients
g. The poles of the model can be derived from both 𝑎𝑘 and 𝑏𝑙 coefficients
h. None of the above

Correct Answer: b
Detailed Solution: Refer section 7.6 (POLE-ZERO MODELING) of R M Rangayyan “Biomedical
Signal Analysis: A case Based Approach”, IEEE Press, John Wiley & Sons. Inc., 2002.
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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 3:

Notch filter with only zeros in transfer function have

a. Very wide notch bandwidth and less attenuation at adjacent frequencies
b. Very narrow notch bandwidth and more attenuation at adjacent frequencies
c. Very narrow notch bandwidth and more attenuation at adjacent frequencies
d. Very wide notch bandwidth and more attenuation at adjacent frequencies

Correct Answer: d
Detailed Solution: Refer observations of tutorial 1.1 (video lecture 47)
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QUESTION 4:

If the poles in the notch filter are located at 𝑟𝑒 ±𝑗(𝜋/3)° then as r increases from 0.75 to 0.95

a. notch bandwidth increases

b. notch bandwidth decreases
c. notch bandwidth remains the same
d. None of the above

Correct Answer: b
Detailed Solution: Refer to solution tutorial 1.1 (video lecture 47)
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QUESTION 5:

A notch filter is applied on an ECG signal, sampled at 150Hz, to remove the 50Hz power-line
artifact. The pole locations at a radius of 0.9 will be
a. 0.9𝑒 ±45°
b. 0.9𝑒 ±90°
c. 0.9𝑒 ±120°
d. 0.9𝑒 ±60°

Correct Answer: c
Detailed Solution: Refer slide no. 11 of Question 1.1
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𝑓 50
𝜔0 = ±(2𝜋) 0 =±(2𝜋) =±1200
𝑓𝑠 150
0
Pole location at a radius of 0.6 will be 𝑝1 , 𝑝2 = 0.9𝑒 ±120
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QUESTION 6:

If A signal of frequency 500 Hz is sampled at Nyquist rate, then sample number 300 will
correspond to time instant
a. 0.1 sec
b. 0.2 sec
c. 0.3 sec
d. 0.4 sec

Correct Answer: c
Detailed Solution: Frequency of signal=f=500 Hz, Sampling frequency=fs=2×f=1000Hz
A signal of 1000 Hz is generated using a MATLAB line,
T = 0.001:1/1000:1;
T(300) will show 0.3 sec.

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QUESTION 7:

1+𝑍 −1
How will you represent the transfer function of the system given by 𝐻(𝑍) = in
1.5+𝑍 −2
MATLAB? (Note: Here, fs is sampling frequency)
a. b=[1,1,0]; a=[1.5,0,1]; tf(b,a,(1/fs))
b. b=[1,1,0]; a=[1.5,0,0]; tf(a,b,(fs))
c. b=[1.5,0,1]; a=[1,1,0]; tf(b,a,(1/fs))
d. b=[1,1.5,1]; a=[1,0,0]; tf(a,b,(fs))

Correct Answer: a
Detailed Solution: Refer slide no. 7 of solution 1.1 (video lecture 47)
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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 8:

Find the numerator polynomial (b) and denominator polynomial (a) coefficients for the
Butterworth low pass filter with the cut-off frequency 40 Hz, order 2 and sampling frequency
100 Hz.
a. b= { 1.0000 1.1430 0.4128}, a ={ 0.6389 1.2779 0.6389}
b. b= { 0.3913 0.7827 0.3913}, a ={ 1.0000 0.3695 0.1958}
c. b= { 0.6389 1.2779 0.6389}, a ={ 1.0000 1.1430 0.4128}
d. b= { 0.3913 0.7827 0.3913}, a ={ 0.3695 0.1958 1.0000}

Correct Answer: c
Detailed Solution:
%% Design Butterworth low pass filter
fs = 100; % Sampling freq
fc = 40; %for cutoff freq
n = 2; % order of filter
[b a]= butter(n,fc/(fs/2),'low')
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QUESTION 9:

A signal is defined as x(n)={3.2, 1.1, 2.4, 4.5, 0.9} and signal corrupted with noise is given by
y(n)={4.5, 2.4, 3.5, 5.2, 1.7}. Find the SNR of y(n)?

a. 14.608 dB
b. 8.2546 dB
c. 17.52dB
d. 22.245dB

Correct Answer: b
Detailed Solution: Noise signal is given by, 𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒(𝑛) = 𝑦(𝑛) − 𝑥(𝑛).
𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
Signal-to-noise ratio is given by, 𝑆𝑁𝑅 = 10 log10
𝑁𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦

Where, 𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = ∑𝑁 2 𝑁

𝑛=0 𝑥(𝑛) and 𝑁𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = ∑𝑛=0 𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒(𝑛)
2

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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 10:

If the signals are defined as x(n) = {2,4,6,8,0} and y(n) = {1,3,5}, then the maximum normalized
cross-correlation of x(n) and y(n) is given by
a. 0.9567
b. 0.6218
c. 0.4012
d. 0.1234

Correct Answer: a
Detailed Solution: The cross-correlation sequence of x(n) and y(n) is given as,
∞

𝑟𝑥𝑦 (𝑙) = ∑ 𝑥(𝑛)𝑦(𝑛 − 𝑙), 𝑙 = 0, ± 1, ±2, ….

𝑛=−∞

and normalized cross-correlation is given by

𝑟𝑥𝑦 (𝑙)
𝜌𝑥𝑦 =
√𝑟𝑥𝑥 (0)𝑟𝑦𝑦 (0)
Using this formula, cross-correlation sequence will be, 𝑟𝑥𝑦 = {10, 26, 44, 62, 30, 8},
𝑟𝑥𝑥 (0) = 120, 𝑟𝑦𝑦 (0) = 35, and normalized sequence will be

𝜌𝑥𝑦 = {0.1543 0.4012 0.6789 0.9567 0.4629 0.1234 0.0000},

max(𝜌𝑥𝑦 )= 0.3444

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