NAME: F.A.

AHMAD FAAZIL
GRADE: 11TH
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY
TOPIC: STUDY ABOUT VITAMIN

Teachers sign Principal sign

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 INDEX
Sl no. Content
Page no.

1. Certificate of Excellence 1

2. Acknowledgment 2

3. Aim 3

4. Introduction 4

5. Vitamins and classification 5

6. Needs and Importance of Vitamins 6

7. Types of Vitamins 7

8. Water-Soluble Vitamins 8

9. Fat-soluble Vitamins 9

10. Characteristics of Vitamins 10

11. Bibliography 12
 1

Certificate

Roll No:______ Exam No:_______

This is to certify that Ahmad faazil F.A. student of class 11th has
successfully completed the research on the below mentioned
project under the guidance of Mr. Dinesh babu (sub teacher)
during the year of 2023-24 in partial fulfillment of Chemistry
practical examination conducted by Sharani Vidya Manthir Senior
Secondary School.

Regards,

______________ ______________
Teacher in charge Examiner

_____________
Principal
 2

Acknowledgement

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, Many

people have best owned upon me their blessings and the
heart pledge support, this time I am utilizing to thank all
the people who have been concerned with this project.

Primarily I would like thank god for being able to

complete this project with success. Then I would like to
thank my principal Mrs. Shanta Selvi mam and my
Chemistry teacher Mr.Dinesh Babu whose valuable
guidance has been the ones that helped me patch this
project and make it full proof success, his suggestions and
instruction has served as the major contribution towards
the completion of this project.

Then I would like to thank my parents who have helped

me with their valuable suggestions and guidance has been
very helpful in various phases of the completion of the
project.
 3

Aim

TO STUDY ABOUT
VITAMINS

4
 INTRODUCTION
Vitamins are micronutrients required by the body to
carry out a range of normal functions. However, these
micronutrients are not produced in our bodies and
must be derived from the food we eat. Vitamins are
obtained from the different types of foods that we
consume. If a diet is lacking a certain type of nutrient, a
vitamin deficiency may occur. The traditional diet in
Pohnpei (an island in the Federal States of Micronesia)
consisted of a diet rich in local tropical produce such as
bananas, papaya, mango, pineapple, coconut as well as
seafood. However, due to a shift in dietary patterns from
fresh foods to processed and refined foods the island is
suffering from a magnitude of health concerns. Vitamins
are absorbed primarily in the small intestine and their
bioavailability is dependent on the food composition of
the diet…
 5

Vitamins and classification

Vitamins are natural substances found in plants and

animals and known as Essential nutrients for human
beings. The name vitamin is obtained from "vital amines"
as it was originally thought that these substances were all
amines. Human body uses these substances to stay
healthy and support its many functions.

Vitamins are generally regarded as organic compounds

required in the diet in small amounts to perform specific
biological functions for normal maintenance of optimum
growth and health of the organism. Apart from the normal
food that we take, our body requires a certain number of
compounds in small amounts for proper functioning and
deficiency of these compounds may cause diseases. These
compounds are known as vitamins.
Vitamins are chemical compounds that are required in
small amounts with our regular diet in order to carry out
certain biological functions and for the maintenance of
our growth.
 6

Needs and Importance of

Vitamins
The body needs vitamins to stay healthy and a varied diet
usually gives you all the vitamins you need. Some
vitamins help you resist infections and keep your
nerves healthy, while others may help your body get
energy from food or help your blood clot properly.

Vitamins have different jobs to help keep the body

working properly. Some vitamins help you resist
infections and keep your nerves healthy, while others may
help your body get energy from food or help your blood
clot properly. By following the Dietary Guidelines, you
will get enough of most of these vitamins from
food.Vitamins do not provide energy (calories) directly,
but they do help regulate energy-producing processes.
With the exception of vitamin D and K, vitamins cannot
be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained
from the diet.
Vitamins have to come from food because they are not
manufactured or formed by the body. So lets find out the
uses and the importance of vitamins in our daily life.
 7

Types of Vitamins
There are two types of vitamins: water-soluble and fat-
soluble. Water-soluble vitamins Water-soluble vitamins
cannot be stored in the body, so you need to get them
from food every day. They can be destroyed by
overcooking. These are easily absorbed by the body.
Human body doesn't store large amounts of water-soluble
vitamins. B-complex vitamins and vitamin C are water-
soluble vitamins that are not stored in the body and must
be replaced each day. These vitamins are easily destroyed
or washed out during food storage and preparation. They
are eliminated in urine so, body need a continuous supply
of them in diets.

Proper storage and preparation of food can minimize

vitamin loss. To reduce vitamin loss, refrigerate fresh
produce, keep milk and grains away from strong light,
and use the cooking water from vegetables to prepare
soups. An excess of water soluble vitamins should not
result in any side effects as they will disperse in the body
fluids and voided in the urine.
 8

Water-Soluble Vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the body, so
you need to get them from food every day. They can be
destroyed by overcooking. These are easily absorbed by
the body. Human body doesn't store large amounts of
water-soluble vitamins. B-complex vitamins and vitamin
C are water-soluble vitamins that are not stored in the
body and must be replaced each day. These vitamins are
easily destroyed or washed out during food storage and
preparation. They are eliminated in urine so, body need a
continuous supply of them in diets. Proper storage and
preparation of food can minimize vitamin loss. To reduce
vitamin loss, refrigerate fresh produce, keep milk and
grains away from strong light, and use the cooking water
from vegetables to prepare soups. An excess of water
soluble vitamins should not result in any side effects as
they will disperse in the body fluids and voided in the
urine. Nine of the water-soluble vitamins are known as
the B-complex group: Thiamin (vitamin B1), Riboflavin
(vitamin B2), Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12,
Biotin, Pantothenic acid and Vitamin C. These vitamins
are widely distributed in foods.
 9

Fat-soluble vitamins
The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E and K -
since they are soluble in fat and are absorbed by the body
from the intestinal tract. The human body has to use bile
acids to absorb fat-soluble vitamins. Once these vitamins
are absorbed, the body stores them in body fat. When you
need them, your body takes them out of storage to be
used. Eating fats or oils that are not digested can cause
shortages of fat-soluble vitamins. Fat soluble vitamins
should not be consumed in excess as they are stored in the
body and an excess can result in side effects. An excess of
vitamin A may result in irritability, weight loss, dry itchy
skin in children and nausea, headache, diarrhea in adults.
Most vitamins come from food, but sunshine contributes
to vitamin D. Some people need or choose to take
supplements that provide extra vitamins. The body
absorbs fat-soluble vitamins best when a person eats them
with higher-fat food.
Vitamin A helps maintain healthy vision. Without
Vitamin A, a person could experience vision problems
and possibly vision loss
 10

Characteristics of Vitamins
Characteristics of the vitamins are:
1. Most of the vitamins have been artificially synthesized.

2. Some of vitamins are soluble in water and others are

fat-soluble.

3. Some vitamins are synthesized in the body. Some

members of vitamin B complex are synthesized by
microorganisms in the intestinal tract.

4. Vitamins are partly destroyed and are partly excreted.

5. Vitamins can be stored in the body to some extent, for

example the fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver
and subcutaneous tissue.

6. Vitamins can perform their work in very small

quantities. Hence, the total daily requirement of Vitamins
is usually very small.
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bibliography

1. Help from teachers

2. Internet source :
 https://www.slideshare.net/
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
 https://www.allprojectreports.com/