English Why should we travel?

Pedagogical Module 3
Curricular Threads : Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Second Course BGU

Used to 5

6 Cultural celebrations
Indefinite pronouns 4 Social Studies

· 7 Ecuadorian artist
Endara Crow
Passive voice with
simple present and 3 Art

past ·

Music

/y/, /dz/, /k/

2 English Touring 8 The Beatles

Ecuador
and /ch/ sounds
and ·
9 The Life of Pi
Traditions, customs,
the Literature
World
and festivities 1
vocabulary
Values

Social
awareness

Human beings and Peoples, nationalities,

12 11 the environment 10 and cultural identity

The Galapagos
The Galapagos Islands will inspire you to of volcanoes, biking lava trails, snorkeling
think differently about our world, just as others through lava tunnels, kayaking to view wildlife
have when visiting this fascinating place. Witness and scuba diving – all are possible in this
a unique abundance of wildlife in a setting paradise.
unlike any other on the planet. Truly
There are a lot of things to do on the
understand Charles Darwin’s inspiration when
islands; from kayaking to scuba diving to
he wrote his theory of evolution that changed
hiking. The combination of wildlife, nature,
the world.
and history, accompanied by delightful food,
Take the opportunity to visit the Charles will make for an unforgettable trip and an
Darwin Research Station. Be part of an adventure that will remain in your heart
educational and inspirational journey, enjoy forever.
the local flavors, discover small towns and
Taken and adapted from: Quito & Ecuador – Destination Guide. (2019, June 27).
hidden paths. Activities like hiking to the top Retrieved from https://www.sidetracked.com/ecuador/
 Do you like to be a tourist? Why or why not?
Non-Commercial Licence Do you like when tourists visit your hometown? Why or why not?
Have you ever been to the Galapagos Islands?
Why do you think the Galapagos Islands have so many tourists? Is it good or bad? Explain.

1
 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What do you know about the province of Pichincha?

Quito: South America’s Cultural Capital

Culture Ecuador’s capital, Quito –the first city to be given the status
What can you find in of a UNESCO World Heritage Site– is known as the Cultural
Pichincha? Capital of South America. Situated high in the Andean mountains, at
Refugio Paz de Las an altitude of 2,850m, Quito was built on the foundations of an
Aves: a private nature ancient Incan city, with a colonial center that reflects European and
reserve in the Andes indigenous roots. Among its most outstanding sights are Santo
Domingo Church and el Panecillo. In the southern part of the Old
Town, Santo Domingo Church stands in the Plaza; its sculptures and
paintings are by celebrated Dominican artists, representing
Wikipedia/Vince Smith

fascinating periods in Quito’s religious history.

The Panecillo provides a panoramic view of the entire city of
Quito, and also a statue of the only winged virgin in the world – the
Virgin of Quito. From the Panecillo the visitor can see some of the
volcanoes of the Andes mountains.
Orquideológica Pahuma
Reserve: a cloud forest with Taken and adapted from: Quito & Ecuador – Destination Guide. (2019, June 27).
orchids and hummingbirds Retrieved from https://www.sidetracked.com/ecuador/
José Valencia

The Andean Chocó:

a biosphere reserve with

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the Pululahua volcano
The Virgin of Quito
Wikipedia/Lu Latsch

Discuss the following questions with a partner.

What is tourism?
Do you think tourism is important? Why?
Have you ever been to the Pichincha province?
Where have you been in Ecuador?
Yunguilla: a mestizo
community of 50 families,
an example of community
tourism with a variety of
birds and native plants

Think of the most beautiful place in your hometown. In three lines, describe it so
that others will want to visit.
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José Valencia

2
 Oral Communication
What is the most beautiful building you have visited?

Sagrada Familia Church

Discuss the following questions with a partner.

Do you know where Spain is?
Have you ever been to Spain or do you know anyone who has
been there?
Do you know where Barcelona is?
Do you know what sangria is?

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Sagrada Familia Flamenco

Listen to Emma and Matthew talking on the phone and

fill in the blanks with the missing information.

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Emma is calling Matthew from outside the hotel
because her room
Spain Sangría
What is the Sagrada Familia?

Tip

Passive verb forms

Who did Emma meet?
A passive verb is a form of be + a past participle.
Some past participles are irregular.
Ceviche is made with shrimp.
How is sangria made?
The Sagrada Familia Church was designed by Gaudi.
It was being built when Gaudi died. Ecuador has
been visited by many tourists.
What has been made in Park Güell?

Read the word aloud with your teacher, listen carefully, and
place them in the correct column.
fly - cry - happy - fancy - lady - smelly - sticky baggy - why -
my - pretty - messy - lucky - windy daisy - skinny - spyGrammar
- rely - Notes
worry - rainy
Pronunciation: /y/
The consonant sound of “y” is /y/ as in the word
“yellow”.
“Y” says “i” “Y” says “e” At the beginning of the word, the “y” makes the
consonant /y/ sound. The “y” also has two vowel
sounds.
In a one syllable word, the “y” at the end of the
word makes the long “i” /ai/ sound as in cry, fry.
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In a two syllable word, the “y” at the end of the

word makes a long “e” /i/ sound as in baby and city.

3
 Reading
Social Studies

What is your favorite tradition?

Discuss the following questions in small groups. Choose the best answer to the questions according to the
Which is your favorite Ecuadorian celebration? Why? reading.
What do you like the most about it? When does the Day of the Dead take place?
Is there a celebration you don’t like? Why? It takes place on November 3.
It takes place on November 2.
It takes place on November 1.
How is colada morada made?
It is made from black flour and citric fruits.
It is made from black oatmeal and fruits.
A Traditional Festival in It is made from black corn flour and fruits.
Ecuador: Day of the Dead What is the Day of Dead?
It is a memorial to loved ones who have gone to another
country.
It is a memorial to loved ones who have gone to heaven.
It is a celebration for loved ones who have gone to “the
beyond”.
What is a guagua?
It is bread shaped and decorated in the form of a small dog.
It is bread shaped and decorated in the form of a small child.
It is a cupcake shaped and decorated in the form of a small
bear.
What do Ecuadorians do in cemeteries on the Day of Dead?
Colada morada and guaguas are shared at home. People go
to clean and decorate the graves of their loved ones.
Colada morada is shared in cemeteries. People go to clean
and decorate the graves of their loved ones.
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Colada morada and guaguas are shared

in parks and streets. People go to clean and decorate the
Guagua de pan graves of their loved ones. 4

Ecuador is famous for its colorful festivals and

every town in the country has their own
traditional celebrations and events throughout the
year. One of them is on November 2. It is the
celebration of the Day of the Dead, a memorial
for loved ones who have gone to “the beyond”.
Families in urban and rural areas still prepare the
traditional colada morada, which is made from
black corn flour and fruits, and guaguas, which is
bread shaped and decorated in the form of a small
child. These delicious treats are shared in the
cemeteries as a tribute to the life and death of
those who are on Earth and those who have
departed. In rural areas, this ritual is still
celebrated as part of religious traditions of
mestizo and indigenous people. In urban areas,
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thousands of people gather in cemeteries to clean

and decorate the graves of their loved ones. It is a
national holiday. Businesses and schools are closed
and vendors line the streets that lead to the
cemeteries, selling flowers, candles, candy, and
food.
Tulcán Cemetery

Wikipedia / Diego Delso

 Writing
Do you ever write a letter by hand?

Tip

As well as emails or letters, postcards have a

greeting, a closing, a message, a stamp and an
address.
For example:

Stamp

Address
Message

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Brainstorm some ideas about postcards. Steps to write a postcard:

Do you know what a postcard is? Greet the recipient on the left side.
Have you ever sent one?
Have you ever received one? Write your message on the left side and sign it.
Would you like to write one? Write the address of the recipient on the right
side.
Place the stamp on the top right of the postcard.

Pretend you have the opportunity to visit the Galapagos Islands. Your best friend lives in Machala. Write him/her a postcard
where you tell him/her what you did, what you ate, and what you plan to do next. Finally, tell your friend what you like the most
of your visit to Galapagos. Use the space provided to write a postcard.
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5
Language Through the Arts
Art

Do you have a favorite Ecuadorian artist?

Interesting Facts
Gonzalo Endara Crow (1936-1996)
Endara Crow was a fan of was born in Bucay, Ecuador. He became
fantastic realism, which interested in sculpture and folk art from
corresponded an early age. His work incorporated
in Latin American visual art to Ecuadorian geography and the bright
magical realism colors used by indigenous artisans.
in literature. They were two major sources of
influence that influenced his work
for his entire career.
His most famous works are shown
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below.

Wikipedia / Gonzalo Endara Crow

José Valencia

Corn Monument, Sangolquí

Raining Bells

In groups of 3-4 students, prepare a presentation about

Gonzalo Endara Crow and his work.
Each group should research about:
Endara Crow´s biography
Endara Crow´s most important works including a short
description of each one
Choose one of Endara Crow´s works you like the most and
draw it. Present your drawing to the class.
Wikipedia / Ciencia1.com

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Circasiana Horses, Quito

6
 Oral Communication
Music

What song do you associate with Ecuador?

Interesting Facts
These lyrics belong to one of the most famous
Read the lyrics of the song “All You Need Is Love”
by the British band The Beatles. Underline all the songs from the British band The Beatles.
sentences in passive voice you can find. This song was written by John Lennon and Paul
McCartney in 1967.
Source: Lennon, J., McCartney, Mogol. (n.d.). All You Need Is Love.
Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3fqwk9U

Wikimedia / Parlophone Music Sweden Grammar Notes

When do we use the passive voice?
We use the passive in both speech and writing, but
it is more common in writing. We use
it especially in textbooks and reports. ActiveMy
mother bakes a cake.
PassiveA cake is baked by my mother.
Press photo of The Beatles during Magical Mystery Tour. In the active voice, we focus on WHO does the
Love, love, love
action (in this case, my mother). In the passive
Love, love, love voice, the focus is more on the action done than
Love, love, love the person doing it.
There’s nothing you can do that can’t be done
We can also use be + past participle after modal
Nothing you can sing that can’t be sung Nothing auxiliary verbs like: can, will, must, should, have to,
you can say, but you can learn how to play the etc. When the sentence is negative, place not next
game to the modal.
It’s easy The problem will be solved. This can’t be done
Nothing you can make that can’t be made No easily.
one you can save that can’t be saved Nothing
you can do, but you can learn how to be you in
time
It’s easy
All you need is love
All you need is love
All you need is love, love Love
is all you need
All you need is love
All you need is love In each sentence underline who or what is doing the action
All you need is love, love Love (the agent).
is all you need
There’s nothing you can know that isn’t known Example: The photograph was taken by my mother.
Nothing you can see that isn’t shown A policeman was murdered by terrorists.
There’s nowhere you can be that isn’t where My family was woken by the alarm.
The tour guide led the group of tourists inside San Francisco
you’re meant to be
Church.
It’s easy
The dog has bitten several people on the street.
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All you need is love The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
All you need is love
All you need is love, love Love
is…

7
 Oral Communication
Have you ever missed a bus?

Martina Missed Her

Bus
“Take nothing but photos, leave
Talk to a partner close to you and ask him or her the following nothing but footprints.” – Chief Seattle
questions. Record his/her answers in the chart. Mark the
answer with an X. Then compare all of your answers as a
class. Do you have a lot in common?
Hardly Ever
Sometimes
Always

Never

When travelling as
a tourist…

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Do you travel by bus?

Do you travel by car? In pairs, copy the following questions on small pieces of
paper. Fold them and put them inside a box. Sit facing your
partner and take turns choosing and answering the questions.
Do you travel by boat? How often do you go on vacation? Where have you been?
What museums have you visited? Which did you enjoy most?
Why?
What are possible disadvantages of tourism for a country?
For tourists, what is the most convenient way to get around in
You are going to listen to Martina talking with a bus station your country?
manager. Answer the following questions. Circle the best What kind of jobs are there in the tourism industry?
option. Have you flown? Was it short or long trip? Did you suffer
Martina missed her bus because: from jet lag?
She was lost in the bus station. Which places are the most popular destinations in Ecuador?
She took another bus by mistake. Which cities or countries have you visited? What is your
It was not said in the conversation. favorite?
Martina is going to: Does your country benefit from tourism? In what way?
Nanegalito. Name some landmarks from your city. Describe them.
Guayaquil.
Montañita.
The bus station manager told Martina that she cannot use the
same ticket because:
This ticket is valid on buses before 5:00. Night tickets are
more expensive.
This ticket is valid on buses before 5:00. Night tickets are
cheaper.
This ticket is valid on buses before 9:00. Morning tickets are
more expensive.
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9
Language Through the Arts
Social Studies

What is New Year’s Eve like in your home town?

New Year's Eve Celebration in Ecuador

Ecuador celebrates New Year’s Eve as a unique ritual where Vocabulary
elaborate effigies filed with gunpowder and fireworks representing effigies. dolls made of paper, cloth, and
other materials that resemble people
bad vibes from the departing year are displayed throughout cities from real life
and towns before being burned at midnight with fireworks and gunpowder. the fine material used in
music. guns to produce
an explosion
Flickr/Medios Públicos César Muño

Flickr/Medios Públicos César Muño

Wikipedia/Agencia ANDES

New Year’s Eve traditions

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Form small groups of 3-4 students and discuss the following

questions. Prepare a group exposition. Prepare a
1. Describe the pictures above. What do you see? PPT or a paper poster exposition where
you are going to talk about:
New Year’s Eve celebration in your
2. Do you celebrate New Year’s Eve? hometown.
Describe what people do and eat on
New Year’s Eve.
Include pictures or drawings
3. How do you celebrate New Year’s Eve in your hometown? Make of this celebration.
a list of all the activities you do from you wake up until you go to bed. Build a small effigy and bring it to
your class.
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10
ial
Non-Co
Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Social Studies
What do you do on Christmas Eve?

Festivals in Cuenca
Cuenca’s Christmas Eve Pase del Niño parade, or the Procession of
the Child, is a colorful mixture of the religious and the profane. It is a
festival of thanksgiving that combines Catholic and indigenous
Wikimedia/Jfbeltranr

traditions.
The procession usually lasts more than eight hours, and it
includes floats and cars decorated with flowers, fruits and
vegetables. Bands, dancers, street performers, and various Biblical
characters participate, and the infant Jesus is carried through towns
and villages. The parade takes place on Christmas Eve but the Pase
del Niño celebration begins the first Sunday after Advent and
continues until Carnival in March. Besides this celebration,
Wikimedia/Jfbeltranr

Christmas in Cuenca also means nightly firework shows, concerts,

and craft sales.
Taken and adapted from: Five Great Traditional Festivals in Ecuador. (2019, June 26).
Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2DtFXYn

After reading about Cuenca’s festivals, you are going to interview a

classmate about their experience with Ecuadorian celebrations.
Use the questions below to start, then create four more of your own related
Wikimedia/Belenpro

to the topic. Take notes of their answers and be prepared

to share them with the class.
Interview Questions
a.Have you ever been to Cuenca?
Pase del Niño.

Culture
b.Is Procession of the Child a tradition in your hometown?

c.What other Ecuadorian festival do you know?

d.

e.

f.

g.
The Pase del Niño, or the
Procession of the Child, was
introduced to Latin America by
the Spaniards almost 500 years
ago; it is a Christmas
celebration in which statue of
the infant Jesus is carried
through towns. Joseph and
Mary,
with the child in their arms,
walk through the streets, and
people accompany them with
prayers and songs.
In Ecuador, the tradition
remains the strongest
in the Andean region.

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Communities plan it for the
entire year.
 Oral Communication
Do you enjoy extreme sports?

Match the words with the pictures. Tip

canyoning - white water rafting - hiking - tubing The words nothing, anything,
something, and everything are
indefinite pronouns for things. These
are singular words, used with a
singular verb.
Nothing

Flickr/AmalavidaTV
We can use it at the beginning of a
Wikimedia/Mindo

Wikimedia/Jlh249

sentence as the subject

or as the object of a sentence.

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Nothing was done.
They did nothing.
We use anything in positive
sentences, questions, and with

Wikimedia/Adn Montalvo Estrada

sentences that have
a negative feeling.
Wikimedia/Mariaflorine

Is there anything in the purse?

She ate hardly anything.
We often use anything after if,
meaning “it doesn’t matter what”.
Ambato Carnival Parade Ambato Carnival Parade If anything is wrong, you need to call
the reception.
She is so hungry that she will eat
anything.
Listen to a conversation between two friends and answer the questions We use something mainly in positive
that follow.
1. Which six activities do the speakers say they are going to do? Mark
sentences, as well
each one with an X. as in questions when they are offers
canyoning snowboarding or requests or when we think the
answer is yes.
play soccer
tubing There’s something in the backpack.
white water rafting hiking
see a beautiful parade
Would you like something to eat?
eat delicious food and drinks
What is canyoning? Everything means all things. This
2. can be used in positive/ negative
sentences and questions.
That’s when you jump in a canyon.
That’s when you jump and swim down a river canyon.
He doesn’t know everything.
That’s when you swim down a river canyon in a tube. Everything is so confusing.
Ambato has a festival where …
people enjoy a parade full of floats decorated with balloons.
people enjoy throwing water, eggs and flour at each other.
people enjoy a parade full of floats decorated with fruits and
flowers.
Listen again and identify at least three indefinite pronouns that were
used in the listening:
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19
 Reading
Art

Have you seen the movie Coco?

Tip
Skimming and scanning are two very different
strategies for speed reading. They each have
a different purpose, and they are not meant to be used
all of the time.
Skimming is used to quickly identify the main ideas of
a text and is done at a speed three to four times faster
than normal reading.

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Scanning is a technique you often use when searching
for key words or ideas. In most cases, you know what
Mexican Day of the Dead you’re looking for, so you concentrate on finding a
particular answer. Scanning involves moving your
eyes quickly down the page looking for specific words
and phrases. Remember that it is usually not necessary
Look at the film review Coco. Answer these two questions.
You have ten seconds! to read and understand every word in a text to find the
What’s the name of the film? answers to questions.
What’s the main character´s name?
Which reading skill or skills did you use? Did you read every
word in the text?
Did you read quickly or slowly?

In groups of three, answer the following questions.

A young boy called Miguel dreams of singing Deduce the meaning of the following words from the
and playing guitar just like his movie-star hero, context.
Ernesto De La Cruz. But there’s a problem; Write an X in the correct space.
generations before, his great-great-grandmother’s Forbid to accept to prohibitto sell Bear animalto
accept
heart (Coco) was broken when her musician to give birth to
husband abandoned her. Since then, she has Steal to smile to extract
forbidden the family from playing music. Miguel to take without permission
can’t bear the restriction, but when he steals a Why do you think Miguel can’t bear the restriction of
playing music imposed by his great-great-
guitar from his idol’s tomb, he finds himself grandmother?
transported to the Land of the Dead. He discovers
he cannot get home unless he finds a deceased
family member to give him a blessing. To do that,
he teams up with the dead man Hector.
It was very hard to establish the rules of the
Land Of The Dead, when the deceased can visit 3. Make a list of 5 adjectives you can
the living, but once that’s done, the film races identify in the review:
towards a touching finale through spectacular
musical numbers. Local Mexican foods and
traditions such as alebrijes (folk-art sculptures of
fantastical creatures) are everywhere. Miguel has 4. What Mexican tradition did the film review
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to find peace in the land of the living with the mention?

help of the dead, and the way he does so will
make anyone cry.
Taken and adapted from: O’Hara, H. (2018, January 11). Coco.
Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2DxoApz
20
 Oral Communication
How popular do you think Ecuador is as a tourist destination?

Grammar Notes
Stand up and interview 3 classmates. Ask them the following questions. Take notes “Used to” is used to talk about
on their answers. habits or repeated actions in the
Have you ever heard of the tourist campaign “All You Need is Ecuador”? past which are not done in the
YESNOIf yes, what do you know about it? present anymore. It is also used
Have you ever heard of the World Travel Awards?
to talk about states in the past
YESNOIf yes, what do you know about them?
which are no longer true. For
example:
I used to have short hair. (but now I
have long hair)
He used to smoke.
(but now he doesn’t smoke)
They used to live in Colombia. (but
now they live in Chile)
With the negative and the
Wikimedia/David Torres Costales

question it is ‘use’ and not

‘used’:
Did you use to be a doctor?
Wikimedia / Annom

Did he use to study Biology?

She didn’t use to like coffee, but she
does now.
Pxhere

Chimborazo Volcano Quilotoa Galapagos

Listen to a radio host talking to the audience about how Ecuador has become a
major tourist destination. Take notes on the top three destinations mentioned. Which
do you prefer?

Wikimedia/Francesco Bailo
Destination #3: Details:

Destination #2: Details:

Destination #1: Details:

Isla de La Plata

In pairs, pretend one of you is a 70-year-old senior tourist from Canada

(Student A) and the other one is a high school student (Student B). You meet on Isla
de La Plata on the Ecuadorian coast in Puerto Lopez (Manabí). The high school
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student wants to learn more about tourist habits in the past and tourist habits today,
so he/she interviews the senior tourist.
Senior Tourists
Remember to talk about habits, repeated actions or states in the past that do not
happen today, use the expression “used to”. Example:
Student A: Sir, did CanadiansStudent B: No, Ecuador was use to visit
Ecuador when younot a known destination for were young?Canadians in the
60’s.
Think of 5 questions for the high school student to ask, then think of 5 answers.
Wikimedia/Lokowiki
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Ecuatorian youtuber

23
 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Social Studies
Do you celebrate Carnival?

Around the world there are plenty of celebrations we can learn

about. This time we will be learning about Notting Hill Carnival
in London, England and Mardi Gras in New Orleans, USA.
Wikimedia / David Sedlecky

Notting Hill Carnival

It is a yearly celebration of London’s Caribbean culture and traditions
since 1966. It takes place over two days and features a parade and
fantastic live music, including reggae, dub, and salsa. There are also
Notting Hill Carnival. 36 sound systems, floats, bands, and a lot of delicious Caribbean
food.
Two million people attended last year. It is considered Europe’s
biggest street festival. The annual event is a vivid and thrilling
spectacle that celebrates London’s beautiful multicultural past and
present.

Mardi Gras
In the USA, Mardi Gras is an official holiday in the state of
Pixabay / Skeeze

Louisiana. To most people, the day is just a good reason to have a big
Mardi Gras. party, especially in New Orleans, where people dress up in bright and
crazy costumes. The parades have colorful floats and marching
bands. There are also dances called masquerade balls, where people
Tip wear costumes and masks to hide their identity. During the parade
people on the floats throw items into the crowd; these are usually
strings of colorful beads or toy coins.
This Venn Diagram has three
circles. Each circle meets with the
two other circles. When they meet,
you have to write what they have
in common. In the central part,
write what the three celebrations
have in common. In the parts
where
circles don’t match, write down
what is exclusive for each one.
 Get in pairs. Discuss the following questions.
Are there similar celebrations in Ecuador to Notting Hill Carnival in
London and Mardi Gras in New Orleans? If your answer is yes, describe the
celebrations.
How are these celebrations different from or similar to Notting Hill Carnival
and Mardi Gras?
Use your answers to these questions to complete the Venn Diagram below.

Notting Hill Carnival

Ecuadorian Celebration

Vocabulary vivid. bright thrilling.

exciting
spectacle. show
beads. small, usually round pieces of
plastic or glass used to make jewelry

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Mardi Gras

24
 Oral Communication
What do you think is the best way to learn idioms in a language?

Idioms are one of the hardest parts of learning a

a language. An idiom is a phrase with a meaning, n
but it is not clear from the words themselves. If g
you translate an idiom word for word, it r
sometimes makes no sense at all. They are like y
puzzles, and even native speakers can get confused
when someone uses an idiom that they’ve never a
heard of. n
d
Here are five common English idioms that you
can use in a variety of situations. s
1. Get your act u
together (Meaning: r
You need p
to improve your behavior r
work.) For example, if your i
friend is not doing his/her s
homework or studying for e
exams, then you can tell d
that person that he/she ,
needs
to get his/her act together. y
o
2. Pull yourself together u
(Meaning: You need
to calm down.) For c
example, if your friend is a
extremely upset about n
something, you can tell that
person that he/she needs to s
pull him herself together. a
y
3. I’m feeling under the
,
weather (Meaning: I’m
sick.)
“
4. It’s a piece of cake I
(Meaning: It’s easy.) For ’
example, m
if an exam is very easy, you
can say that it was a piece j
of cake. u
s
5. Pull someone’s leg t
(Meaning: To joke
with someone.) For p
example, if you say to a u
friend that l
you saw his or her boyfriend l
or girlfriend with someone i
else and your friend looks n
ercial Licence

pik
Non-

g your leg!”

Pretend student A is a foreign student who came

to live in Ecuador and this is his/her first school year.

Wikimedia / M. Latacunga
Student B is an Ecuadorian student.
Create a conversation where student B shares with student A a
traditional celebration from his/her hometown. Incorporate at
least two idioms from this section in a dialogue of 10 lines per
speaker.

La Mama Negra

25

Listen to a conversation between two university

friends, one from Latacunga and the other from
Venezuela. Then, answer the questions that follow.
a.In the dialogue between Brittany and Teresa, what is
a piece of cake?

b.Why did Brittany tell Teresa to pull

herself together?

c.Why does Teresa want to go and see

La Mama Negra?

Imagine you were Teresa. What other questions

would you ask Brittany about La Mama Negra?
Write down three questions.
a.
b.
c.
 Reading
Do you have a favorite comic?

Comics as Storyboards

Storyboards will help you to make abstract ideas

concrete and accessible. Read this storyboard and
answer the questions below.

Wikipedia / Bud Fisher

Story of an Honest Woodcutter
Once there was a poor woodcutter. He used to cut
trees in the woods. One day he was cutting wood
on the bank of a river.

His axe fell down into the

river. The river was deep. He
Form groups of 3-4 students and discuss the following could not take his axe out.
questions. Do you like to watch or read comics? Do you know He sat on the bank and began
any famous comics? to cry.

Mercury, the goddess of

What Are Storyboards? water, appeared. She
asked why he was crying. The
Storyboarding, or picture writing, is the origin
woodcutter told her the whole
of all written languages, used by ancient cultures story. Mercury dove into the
before text evolved and as a natural bridge to text. water and found
The Chinese language uses pictographs. a golden axe. The woodcutter
Egyptians used storyboards, or hieroglyphics, first refused to take it.
in stone and later written on papyrus, to organize
Mercury dove again and
a complex society and to rule the ancient world. brought up a silver axe. The
woodcutter did not take it
Look at any comic strip and you’ll see picture either.
in action. A storyboard is a writing format,
generally a set of boxes (or rectangles, circles, or
Then she brought an iron axe.
other shapes) placed in an order. Each box or frame
The woodcutter happily took it.
is a place for the writer to put information, pictures, Mercury was so pleased. She
symbols, or text. rewarded the woodcutter with
the other two axes.
Taken and adapted from What Are Storyboards? (n.d.).
Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2DBvkT4
Taken and adapted from: Beautiful Storyboard Examples for Students, for
Kids and General Usage. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/39Ysaow

Vocabulary 1. Why did the woodcutter refuse to take

rule. govern the axes twice?
dove (dive). to jump into water
rewarded. give something as a reward or prize iron. type of
metal

2. Why did Mercury reward the woodcutter

with the two axes?
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26
 Writing
What makes a storyboard fun?

Storyboard

Form groups of 3-4 students and create a story Brainstorm some ideas about postcards.
of 80-100 words using the storyboard technique.
Criteria 5 points 3 points 1 point
Here there are five steps that can help you learn
how to use storyboards to create your own comic book, Moral Excellent Acceptable Incomplete
stories, or videos.
Interesting and
Step 1. Establish a timeline. Decide when and where Story entertaining Fun Boring
your story takes place, and in which order the
events of the story happen. Irrelevant
Sequence Relevant and Not well
ideas and
Step 2. Identify the key scenes in your story. of images organized organized
disorganized
A storyboard is meant to give its viewer the
idea of how the story will translate to a Consider the other group’s comments and make some
comic book or video. Brainstorm changes. When the final draft is ready, your
a list of the key moments that you want to teacher will help you to display your work on the walls
illustrate on your storyboard. of the class so the whole class will enjoy your art!

Step 3. Write a description of what each box will

show. Write a description of the most
important elements of each box. This will
help you determine exactly what
to draw for your storyboard. Draw a draft of your storyboard here.

Step 4. Decide what to use for your template.

You can draw a basic storyboard template by
hand, simply dividing a poster board into
empty frames of the same size using a pencil
and scissors. The setup should look similar to
that of a comic book, with rows of square
cells that show how the scene will look on a
screen.

Step 5. Add other important information. Next

to or below each box, fill in your
description of what’s happening in the scene.
Include the dialogue that will take place.

Step 6. Think in different perspectives.

Use these artists’ tricks to make your
images look more like movie scenes.

Instead of drawing all of your characters as

if they were standing on the same line, put
them in perspective. Have some standing a
little further and some standing closer. The
ones standing further should appear smaller,
with their
feet higher up on the page, and the ones
standing closer should appear larger, with
their feet lower on the page.
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Non-Commercial Licence

Source taken and adapted from: WikiHow. (2019, September 05).

How to Create a Storyboard? Retrieved from https://bit.ly/30tRyzK