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Level 2 Mathematics and Statistics 2023

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R E

91267 Apply probability methods in solving problems

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Apply probability methods in solving Apply probability methods, using

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I N T HIS AR E A Apply probability methods, using
problems. relational thinking, in solving problems. extended abstract thinking, in solving
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Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the
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You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.
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Show ALL working.

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© New Zealand DQualifications

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No part of this publication may be reproduced byDO any means
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Alex likes playing the claw game at the arcade. DO NOT WRITE IN

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She finds out that the machines are programmed and are DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
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A particular claw game that Alex plays has these settings:
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One day Alex watches someone else win a toy, and then she plays the claw game with this strategy:
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(ii) What is the probability that Alex wins the third game she plays?
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(b) When Alex goes to the arcade, 70% of the time she goes with her friends. DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS
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If she goes with her friends, she plays the ‘claw’ just once, and wins on 10% of these visits.
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If she is by herself, she plays multiple games and wins on about ¼ of these visits.
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(ii) After playing at the arcade, Alex often goes to the café for a treat.
• If Alex lost the ‘claw’ game, but is with her friends, she is three times more likely to
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buy a treat from the café than if she was by herself.
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she loses the ‘claw’ game, whether she is with her friends or not.
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O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
WRITE
IN THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
IS AR H
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
H IS AR H
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA

EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA

H IS AR H
E A DO NOT WRITE IN
HIS AR THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
WRITE
IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
WRITE
IN THIS AREA
ITE I
N THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
H IS AR H
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
Mathematics and Statistics 91267, 2023
AREA IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WR
 DO NOT WRITE IN
DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
6 DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NO

O NOT WRITE
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
DO NOT WRITE IN

QUESTION TWO DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS

OT WRITE
IN T H IS AREA
NOT
TE IN T H IS AREA DO

A survey of New Zealand media usage is completed regularly by NZ on Air. DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN
DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
(a) The following results were reported from the 2021 survey. NOT WRITE
IN T H IS ARE
WRITE EA DO
IN T H IS AR

• 1420 participants were asked if they had watched each of the media types the day before THIS
RITE IN
AR E A DO NOT WR

EA DO N
T H IS AR
for at least 5 minutes. DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
O NOT WRITE IN E
T H IS AR

• The data was split between New Zealand youth (aged 15–24) and New Zealanders aged WRITE
IN T H IS AR
EA DO

EA DO NOT WR
T H IS AR
25 years and older. DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR

Table 1: Media usages of New Zealand youth (15–24) and adults (25+) in 2021 DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT

O NOT WRIT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

Media NZ Youth NZ adults

Total
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

type 15–24 25+ DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

Y 228 610 838 DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

O NOT WRIT

Online DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS

N 23 559 582 DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR

video DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

Total 251 1169 1420

ON
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

O NOT

Y 191 533 724

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

Streaming DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

N 60 636 696 DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

ON

services DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

O NOT WR

Total 251 1169 1420 DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

O NOT WRIT

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR

Y 90 705 795 DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H
TV N 161 464 625 DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A

Total 251 1169 1420

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

Source: www.nzonair.govt.nz/research DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A

O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A

(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen survey participant is a New Zealand youth DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
who watched a streaming service the day before. DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT

DO NOT WRITE IN T H

DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

(ii) Tao looks at the table above, and says that “more adults (25+) watch online videos than DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

youth (15–24), so this means adults in New Zealand are more likely to watch online videos DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NO

O NOT

than youth.”
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H

Is he correct? DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
Justify your answer using calculations to support your reasoning. DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H

DO NOT WRITE IN T H

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT W
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT W
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WRI
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A

DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
OT EA DO NO
Mathematics and Statistics 91267, 2023 DO N W RITE IN
T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
OT
 A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
IS AR H
A D O NOT W RITE I
S ARE N THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
7
E IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
S ARE
A DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE
THIS AREA (iii) The report wants to include an infographic showing the “daily reach” (percent usage) of
IN THIS AREA
T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA various types of media.
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
E A DO NOT WRITE IN
R THIS AREA
Find the overall percentage of New Zealanders using each of the three media types given,
THIS A
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
IS AR H
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
O NOT WRITE
H
IN THIS AREA according to the survey results.
RITE
IN THIS AREA
NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA

IS AR
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
H Daily reach of media types in New Zealand
H
O NOT WRITE A
I N T H I S A RE
RITE
IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN
S AR THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA

TE IN
THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE

Online video Streaming services TV

IN THIS AREA
T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA

TE IN
THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
S ARE THIS AREA

RE A D O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA % % %
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
RITE
IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
WRITE
IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
RITE
IN THIS AREA
TE IN
THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA

A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
E A DO NOT WRITE
HIS AR IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA

AREA
DO NOT WRITE

O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA

IN THIS AREA
(iv) The report claims that “New Zealand youth are about 70% more likely to watch streaming
AREA
DO NOT WRITE
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA services, but over 40% less likely to watch TV, than New Zealanders aged 25 and over”.
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA

Evaluate this claim using appropriate calculations.

T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA

EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA

H IS AR H
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
E A D O NO T WR ITE IN
IS AR THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
WRITE
IN THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
IS AR H
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
H IS AR H
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA

EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA

H IS AR H
E A DO NOT WRITE IN
HIS AR THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
WRITE
IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
WRITE
IN THIS AREA
ITE I
N THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
H IS AR H
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
Mathematics and Statistics 91267, 2023
AREA IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WR
 DO NOT WRITE IN
DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
8 DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NO

O NOT WRITE
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
DO NOT WRITE IN

(b) The results of four similar surveys about media usage conducted in different years are shown DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS
OT WRITE
IN T H IS AREA
below. TE IN T H IS AREA DO
NOT

DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN

Table 2: New Zealand youth (aged 15–24) watching streaming services daily DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
NOT WRITE
IN T H IS ARE

2016 2020 2021 2022

WRITE EA DO
IN T H IS AR

AR E A DO NOT WR
THIS
RITE IN EA DO N

Watch
T H IS AR
Y 102 181 191 473 DO NOT WRITE IN T H I

streaming
O NOT WRITE IN E
T H IS AR
WRITE EA DO

N 147 81 60 233
IN T H IS AR

services daily T H IS AR
EA DO NOT WR

DO NOT WRITE IN

Total 249 262 251 706 DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WRIT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
(i) How much higher is the percentage of New Zealand youth who watch streaming services DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O

in 2022 than it was in 2016? DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WRIT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
ON
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

ON
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WRIT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR

(ii) If 400 youth were surveyed in 2023, approximately how many would you expect to watch DO NOT WRITE IN

streaming services? DO NOT WRITE IN T H

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

Justify your answer based on at least one calculation from the table above. DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H

DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H

DO NOT WRITE IN T H

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT W
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT W
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WRI
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A

DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
OT EA DO NO
Mathematics and Statistics 91267, 2023 DO N W RITE IN
T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
OT
 A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
IS AR H
A D O NOT W RITE I
S ARE N THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
9
E IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
S ARE
A DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE
QUESTION THREE
THIS AREA

IN THIS AREA
T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA

N T H IS ARE A recent study reported that New Zealand youth (aged 15–24) spend an average (mean) of 113 minutes
A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
per day watching streaming services.
AR E THIS AREA
THIS
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
IS AR H
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
H
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
RITE
IN THIS AREA
NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
(a) Assume the distribution of minutes watching streaming services per day follows a normal
IS AR
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
H distribution, with a standard deviation of 35 minutes per day.
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
H
O NOT WRITE A
I N T H I S A RE
RITE
IN THIS AREA

N T H IS ARE
A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
(i) Find the probability that a randomly selected New Zealand youth spends under 92 minutes
S AR EA DO NOT WRITE IN
O NOT WRITE
THIS AREA a day watching streaming services.
REA D IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA

TE IN
THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA

TE IN
THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
S ARE THIS AREA
E A D O NOT WRITE
R IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
RITE
IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
WRITE
IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
RITE
IN THIS AREA
TE IN
THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA

A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
E A DO NOT WRITE
HIS AR IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA

AREA
DO NOT WRITE
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
IN THIS AREA
(ii) Find the probability that a New Zealand youth spends between two and three hours
OT WRIT

T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA watching streaming services daily.
E IN THIS AREA

EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA

H IS AR H
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
E A D O NO T WR ITE IN
IS AR THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
REA D IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
WRITE
IN THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
IS AR H
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
H IS AR H
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA

EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA

H IS AR H
E A DO NOT WRITE IN
HIS AR THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
WRITE
IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
WRITE
IN THIS AREA
ITE I
N THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
H IS AR H
DO NOT WRITE
AREA IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
Mathematics and Statistics 91267, 2023
AREA IN THIS AREA
O NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WR
 DO NOT WRITE IN
DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
10 DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NO

O NOT WRITE
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
DO NOT WRITE IN

(b) In the same study, New Zealand youth were reported to watch online videos for 94 minutes daily DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS
OT WRITE
IN T H IS AREA
on average, with a standard deviation of 30 minutes. TE IN T H IS AREA DO
NOT

DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN

(i) Find the interquartile range (middle 50%) for the number of minutes that New Zealand DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
NOT WRITE
IN T H IS ARE
youth reportedly spend watching online videos. WRITE
IN T H IS AR
EA DO

AR E A DO NOT WR
THIS
RITE IN EA DO N
T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
O NOT WRITE IN E
T H IS AR
WRITE EA DO
IN T H IS AR
EA DO NOT WR
T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WRIT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WRIT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
ON
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

ON
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WRIT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR

DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A

(ii) Out of a group of 50 New Zealand youth, how many more respondents would you expect DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

O NO

to have spent over 2 hours (120 minutes) watching streaming services than online videos? DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT

DO NOT WRITE IN T H

DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H I
DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H

DO NOT WRITE IN T H

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT W
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

O NO
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA

O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT W
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
O NOT WRI
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D

DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A

DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE IN T H
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA
OT EA DO NO
Mathematics and Statistics 91267, 2023 DO N W RITE IN
T H IS AR
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS A
O
DO NOT WRITE IN T H IS AREA D
OT
 A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
IS AR H
A D O NOT W RITE I
S ARE N THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE
IN THIS AREA
OT WRIT
E IN THIS AREA
11
E IN THIS AREA
A DO NOT WRITE IN
N T H IS ARE THIS AREA
S ARE
A DO NOT WRITE IN

DO NOT WRITE
THIS AREA (iii) Give at least TWO reasons why a normal distribution may not be appropriate in these
IN THIS AREA
T WRIT
E IN THIS AREA contexts of the number of minutes spent watching streaming services and online videos
N T H IS ARE
E
A DO NOT WRITE IN

A DO NOT WRITE IN
THIS AREA
for all New Zealand youth.
THIS AR THIS AREA
EA DO NOT WRITE IN T IS AREA
IS AR
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(c) In the study, it was also reported that overall, New Zealand youth watched a daily average of
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(i) Explain the effect of including the youth who did not watch TV at all, on the mean and
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(ii) Assume a normal distribution models the number of minutes New Zealand youth spend
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watching TV daily with a mean of 114 minutes (excluding non-TV watchers). DO NOT WRITE IN

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If 12% of New Zealand youth who do watch TV, watch more than 150 minutes daily,
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