Video 1

1. The random variable X has the (p.m.f) define by:

𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑐 , 𝑥 = 1, 2, 3
0 , 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

If C is a Constant, Compute the following:

1. Find the c and draw the p.m.f function.

2. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ −1)
3. 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2)

4. 𝑃(𝑒 𝑋 ≤ 3)
5. The Expected value of X

6. The Variance of X

7. Find the cumulative function and draw it.

2. The following table shows the random variables with probabilities:

x -2 -1 0 1 2
f(x) 1/8 C 2/8 2/8 1/8
Find:

a) C , if we know that f(x) is a probability mass function.

b) P(X ≤ 2)

c) P( X ˂ 2 )

d) P( X > -2 )

e) P( -1 ≤ X ≤ 1 )

f) P( X ≤ -1 or X < 2)

g) First and second moment.

h) Standard deviation.
3. A student has five car accidents in one year and claims that having five accidents is common.
Use the frequency distribution below to determine if the student is correct or not.

4. The random variable x represents the number of cars per household in a town of 1000
households. Find the probability of randomly selecting a household that has:

Cars 0 1 2 3 4
Households 125 428 256 108 83

a) Between one and three cars, inclusive.

b) At least one car.

5. The following table shows some values of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) for the
discrete random variable X.

x -1 3 5 7

F(x) 0.1 0.45 0.7 1

Find:

a) P(-1 < X < 5)

b) P( 3 ≤ X < 7 )

c) P( X > 3)
6. Let F(x) is a cumulative discrete function:
0 𝑥<1
𝐹(𝑥) = {0.5 1 ≤ 𝑥 <3
1 𝑥≥3
Find:

a) P( x ≤ 3)

b) P( x ≤ 2 )

c) P(1 ≤ x ≤ 2 )

d) P( x > 3 )

e) P( x > 2 )

f) P(x = 2)
7. Let X be a discrete random variable with c.d.f given by the following graph.

1. Find the mean and variance of X.

2. Find mean and variance for Z, where Z= -2 – 3X

8. A person is thinking in investing in a certain stock. he has been told that this stock can make a
profit of 4000$ per year with probability 0.3 or may lead to loss of 2000$ with probability 0.7.
Should he invest in this stock or not?

9. At a raffle, 10,000 tickets are sold at $5 each for three prizes valued at $4,800, $1,200, and
$400. What is the expected value of one ticket? What will be the solution if a person buys two
tickets?

10. A fast-food restaurant just rented a new freezer and food fryer for three years. The service
contract for the freezer offers unlimited repairs for a fee of $125 a year plus a $35 service
charge for each repair needed. The restaurant’s research suggested that during a given year
80% of these freezers need no repairs, 11% needed to be serviced once, 5% twice, 4% three
times, and none required more than three repairs.
a) Find the expected number of repairs this kind of freezer is expected to need each year.
b) Find the standard deviation of the number of repairs each year.
c) What are the mean and standard deviation of the restaurant’s annual expense for the
service contract?
Video 2

The sample space of a random experiment is {a, b, c, d, e, f}, and each outcome is equally
likely. A random variable is defined as follows:

Outcome a b c d e f
x 0 0 1.5 1.5 2 3
1. Determine the probability mass function of X.

2. Use the probability mass function to determine the following probabilities:

(a) P(0.5 < X < 2.7)

(b) P(X > 3)

(c) P(0 ≤ X <2)

(d) P( X=0 or X=2)

Let the random variable X have a discrete uniform distribution on the integers 0 ≤ x ≤ 99.
Determine the mean and variance of X.

Thickness measurements of a coating process are made to the nearest hundredth of a

millimeter. The thickness measurements are uniformly distributed with values 0.15, 0.16,
0.17, 0.18, and 0.19. Determine the mean and variance of the coating thickness for this
process.
Video 3

1. Approximately 1 out of 200 Kuwaiti adults are engineers. One Kuwaiti adult is
randomly selected what is the distribution of the number of engineers.

2. Write the probability mass function of a Bernoulli distribution with p=0.93.

3. The percentage of faulty light bulb produced by a certain factory is 10%. If one light
bulb is taken randomly, find the following:

a) The probability mass function.

b) Mean and variance.

4. Find the expected value of the number of tails when a fair coin is flipped once.

5. Find the variance of the Bernoulli distribution with p=0.6.

6. What is the mean of the Bernoulli distribution with q=0.24?

Video 4

1. The percentage of faulty light bulb produced by a certain factory is 10%. If 3 light bulbs are
taken randomly, find the following:

a) The probability mass function.

b) Mean and variance.

c) Probability of having at least one faulty light bulb.

d) Probability of having less than two faulty light bulbs.

2. The probability it will rain is 40% each day over a three-day period.

a) What is the probability it will rain at least one of the three days?

b) What is the probability it will not rain at least one of the three days?
3. The random variable x represents the number of boys in a family of three children.
Assuming that boys and girls are equally likely, find the mean and standard deviation for the
random variable x.

4. In testing the lethal concentration of a chemical found in polluted water, it is found that a
certain concentration will kill 20% of the fish that are exposed to it for 24 hours. If 20 fishes
are placed in a tank containing this concentration of chemical, find the probability that after
24 hours.

a) Exactly 18 survive.

b) At most 16 survive.

c) At least 10 survive.

d) The expected number of killed fishes.

5. Multiple-choice test of 10 questions, Each with 4 choices. To pass the exam, a student must
answer at least 4 correctly. Assume he/she guesses the answer, What is the probability the
he/she will pass?
6. A protection system consists of 4 radar sets operating independently, each with probability
0.9 of detecting an aircraft entering a specified zone. If an airplane enters the zone of radars,
find probability that it will be detected?

7. An automated egg carton loader has 1% probability of cracking an egg, and a customer will
complain if more than one egg per dozen is cracked. Assume each egg load is an independent
event.

a) What is the distribution of cracked eggs per dozen? Include parameter value.

b) What is the probability that a carton of a dozen eggs results in a complaint?

c) What are the mean and standard deviation of the number of cracked eggs in a carton
of one dozen?

8. In a class of 20 students each student tosses a fair coin 4 times independently.

a) What is the probability that no student gets 4 heads?

b) What is the expected number of students who get 4 heads?

9. We have two defective (biased) coins. When coin 1 is flipped, it lands on heads with
probability 0.4; when coin 2 is flipped, it lands on heads with probability 0.7. One of these
coins is randomly chosen and flipped 10 times.

a) What is the probability that exactly 7 of the 10 flips lands on heads?

b) If we obtained 10 heads, what is the probability that it is from coin 1?

Video 5

1. Assume that each of your calls to a popular radio station has a probability of 0.05 of
connecting, that is, of not obtaining a busy signal. Assume that your calls are independent.

a) What is the probability that your first call that connects is your fifth call?

b) What is the probability that it requires more than three calls for you to connect?

c) What is the mean number of calls needed to connect?

2. A CD manufacturing company is producing commercial CDs. The probability that a CD is

damaged during the manufacturing process is 0.008. If it is assumed that the CDs are
independent, what is the probability that exactly 100 CDs need to be checked before a
damaged CD is detected?

3. Ali is a high school basketball player. He is a 70% free throw shooter, that means his
probability of making a free throw is 0.7. During the season, what is the probability that Ali
makes his first free throw on his fifth shot?
4. An oil company conducts a geological study that indicates that an exploratory oil well should
have a 20% chance of striking oil.

a) What is the probability that the first strike comes on the third well drilled?

b) The expectation and variance for the number of wells that must be drilled if the oil
company wants to set up one producing well?

5. Find the probability that a person flipping a balanced (fair) coin requires 4 tosses to get a
head?

6. What is the probability that the first head comes in the first four tosses?
Video 6

1. An oil company conducts a geological study that indicates that an exploratory oil well should
have a 20% chance of striking oil.

a) What is the probability that the third strike comes on the seventh well drilled?

b) What is the mean and variance of the number of wells that must be drilled if the oil
company wants to set up three producing wells?

2. In a clinical study, volunteers are tested for a gene that has been found to increase the risk
for a disease. The probability that a person carries the gene is 0.1.

a) What is the probability that four or more people need to be tested to detect two with
the gene?

b) What is the expected number of people to test to detect two with the gene?
3. Ali is a high school basketball player. He is a 70% free throw shooter, that means his
probability of making a free throw is 0.7. During the season, what is the probability that Ali
makes his third free throw on his fifth shot?

4. A large lot of tires contains 5% defectives. Four tires are to be chosen for a specific car.

a) What is the probability that the fourth good tire is obtained in the fifth selection?

b) What is the probability that the fourth good tire is obtained in five or fewer selections?
Video 7

1. A bag contains 14 balls of which 10 are red and 4 are blue. Five balls are selected from the
bag without replacement. Find the probability of having:

a) Three red balls.

b) All balls are red.

c) All the blue balls.

d) At least 2 red balls.

e) Five blue balls.

2. Suppose that a book of 620 pages contains 55 type errors. If these pages are randomly
distributed throughout the book,

a) What is the probability that 10 pages selected at random will be free of error?

b) Find the mean number of the free of error pages.

c) What is the probability that 10 pages selected at random will be at most three have
typo error?
3. A steel plate contains 20 bolts. Assume that five bolts are not torque to the proper limit.
Four bolts are selected at random (without replacement) to be checked for torque.

a) What is the probability that four of selected are well torque?

b) What is the Probability that at least one of the selected bolts is not well torque?

c) What is the standard deviation of well torque bolts?

Video 8

1. Customer arrivals at checkout counter in a department store have a Poisson distribution

with an average of eight per hour, Find probability:

a) Exactly eight customers arrive.

b) No more than three customers.

c) At least two customers.

2. The mean number of typing errors in a document is 1.5 per page. Find the probability that
on a page chosen at random there are

a) No mistakes,

b) More than 2 mistakes.

3. The number of telephone calls coming into the central switch board have an average 4 calls
per minute.

a) What is the probability that no call will arrive?

b) Find Probability that 10 calls will arrive in a period of 15 min?

4. A fire station experiences an average call-out rate of 2 every period of three hours. Using
the Poisson distribution,

a) find the probability that in any period of 9 hours there will be more than 4 callouts?

b) What are the expected value and standard deviation of the number of callouts during
a 360-minute period?

5. A company accepts orders for their product either by telephone or on-line. The mean
number of sales per day are:

Telephone order: 1.5

On-line purchase: 2.5

What is the probability of the company receiving exactly 2 orders on one day?

6. One of the major causes of traffic accidents in Kuwait is talking on mobile phone while
driving. This irresponsible behaviour causes on average three deadly accidents per day.

a) What is the probability that exactly ten accidents will occur in any given week?

b) What is the probability that exactly three accidents will occur for each day of the next
four days?
Video 9

1. A list of customer accounts at a large company contains 1,000 customers. Of these, 700
have purchased at least one of the company’s products in the last 3 months. To evaluate a
new product, 50 customers are sampled at random from the list. (Using a suitable
approximation) What is the probability that more than 45 of the sampled customers have
purchased from the company in the last 3 months?

2. Suppose 5 out of 50,000 pens are defective. If X represent the number of defective pens in
a batch of 100,000. (Using a suitable approximation) What is the probability of getting at least
6 of them defective?

3. Last month your company sold 10,000 new watches. Past experience indicates that the
probability that a new watch will need repair during its warranty period is 0.002. (Using a
suitable approximation) Compute the probability that:

a) Zero watches will need warranty work.

b) No more than 5 watches will need warranty work.

Video 10

1. It is known that 40% of Kuwaitis support Al-Arabi Club and 30% support Al-Qadsia.

a) Calculate the probability that in a random sample of 5 Kuwaitis, at least 2 support Al-
Arabi club.

b) What is the probability that 10 samples must be collected in order to get exactly 8
samples support Al-Arabi?

c) What is the probability that we need to take at least 10 more samples in order to get
the first one who support Al-Qadsia?

d) How many Kuwaitis must be sampled on average in order to get exactly 9 that support
neither Al-Arabi nor Al-Qadsia?
2. The number of customers entering a given store in Kuwait can be modelled by a Poisson
random variable with rate of 6 customers per hour. It is known that 40% of the customers
spend at least 50KD in the store.

a) What is the probability that at least 2 customers enter the store in the next 30
minutes?

b) What is the probability that exactly 5 customers who will spend at least 50KD each
will enter the store in the next two hours?

c) Suppose 5 customers entered the store at the same time. What is the probability that
exactly 3 of the customers will spend at least 50KD?

d) What is the probability that exactly three Customers will arrive for each hour of the
next four hours?