Contents of the Chapter: Why food should be preserved? Why does food spoil? . Techniques of food preservation, . Advantages of food preservation. Itis not possible to brin; g fresh food items daily from the market, Hence, the food items. itis essential to store Why food should be preserved? In our country, there is seasonal production of variet different states. Their use should be done throu; also. these foods, fruits and : vegetables should, be transported to different parts of the country; thus food, fruits and vegetables are preserved. 'Y Of fruits and vegetable in large scale in ighout the year instead of just during the season, Why does the food'sp; Dry or cooked food items, spoil after some time. Chemical changes take place in\th ~ Moreover, there are & ss aoe organic’ changes too. Changes taking place in the food items are due to growth of n organisins. Because of these changes in the food items, thei nutritional value is lost, This spoils the food. Techniques of food preservation Food, air and water is required for the growth of micto-or have air and water content in them, wi following processes are done on food ganisms. Food, fruits and vegetables hich helps micro-organisms to grow. To avoid that 38 Shama! Dilip Girap (98694 47165 /98331 14685) Mrs. Shama!1, Drying: Drying isthe amethod. inwhieh the moisture content of the food Is removed hr the help of sunlight, Be Water micro-organisms. grow in food Which results in spoiling it, The method of drying in sun is used for a long time in India, Food items like sago papadam, goosebeity pieces, nugeeel coriander, potato chi are Preserved by drying. However, the humidity and temperature of that place cannot be controlled while drying. The food items are dried when there is strong sunlight, Artificial dryers, which can control temperature and: humidity, are available in the market. These are used for drying garlic and tomato powders, raisins, dry figs as well as various vegetables. These vegetables can be used,iminstant powders mixtures. | The powders of fruits are used for preparing milkshakes. 7 ise of 2. Salting: a> a Salt helps to preserve the food. No chemical prodtie lakes ps ihe Too. Thus, in this process salt food items in large it draws the are_preserved by applying _ salt. Gooseberry pieces, ginger pieces, slices of raw mangoes ete,Jare similarly preserved. 3. Sugaring: Sugar is*hygroscopic. If 70% sugars-is. added to fruit products, the water in the food item is controlled and it can be “preserved for a long time, Artificial processes on the food products can be stopped. Sugar 4 Thistechnique_is_used in Und fot Preserve muramba, jam an | aes iglly. The food items, along with the organisms are destroyed, Sugaring is the process used for fruits jam ete. addition of sugar, are heated so that the micro- preparing sugar-mango, apple jam, pineapple jam, mix hamal Dilip Girap (98694 47165 / 98331 14685)4. Freezing: ‘This method of preserving food is widely used, ‘This method is used mainly to _ preserve vegetable, chicken, mutton or any other kind of meat. In this method the food items are frozen. As the micro-organisms do not get water, their growth is stopped. The chemical and organic changes in the food also y stop. Frozen products should be taken out of the refrigerator before using them. This allows the ice to melt. This is called-as-thawing. The food should be consumed immediately. If the same food is refrozen, there might be gryjh of micro-organisms. Freezing is the process used in cold-storage for freezing and packing. fish, meat etc] Green.peas, packed in plastic bags and frozen, can be used throughout the year as “required. 5. Pasteurization: : | This method is used mainly for milk and canned fruit juices, slices and pulps. The main objective of this method is to destroy harmful micro- organisms. The important thing in this method’is that the substance is heated upto 100° C and after certain time it is cooled to 70° C. This way milk remains non-spoilt for a long time. This method is.also used for preserving fruit juice and fruit pulp. 6. Using chemical preservatives: ‘ With the help of modern technology, food preservatives reused in large quantity to preserve food. Chemical ate and potassium meta- * prsulphateare_used_to preserve jam, pickles_and different sauces, If this preservative is added to hot food, the food item emits foul odour. Hence small quantity of the food item is taken in a bowl first and mixed with preservative. Thereafter this mixture'is added back to the remaining food. The right quantity of preservative is Very important, Such artificial food preservatives are used for preserving sauce; jelly, jam also prepared ‘a very long time. vegetables and food packets etc. for 40 198331 14685) irs. Shamal Dilip Girap (98694 47165Advantages of Food Preservation w w we Ina particular season, fruits are available in large quantity and at cheaper rate. Due to food preservation methods, we can save a lot of money. - Certain fruits and vegetables are available in a particular season. But because of various food preservation methods we can consume these fruits and vegetables throughout the year. . Ina particular season, fruits and vegetables are produced on a large scale. However, there may not be proportionate demand to these products. As these items are perishable there may be a huge wastage. But due to food preservation method, we can store these Products fora long period and stop the wastage of fruits and vegetables. |, “y For example, preparing tomato ketchup — sauce. - With primary information on food preservation method. and additional interest, the food preservation business can be set up on a large scale. . These food items are extremely useful at the times of natural calamities like flood, earthquake, war etc. . The preserved food is very important for hikers. As hikérs are required to carry heavy em. They can carry preserved foods with them. Toy of self-creation can be achieved as the food is prepared by oneself. What did you learn? Chemical and organic changes take place in food items due to the growth of micro- organisms. |. Techniques of food preservation: drying, salting, sugaring, freezing, pasteurization, using chemical food preservatives. ificii i i lable in the 3(peuia dryers, which can control temperature_and humidit 4 are available in th arket/ . "In the proce% of salting, salt is applied to food items in large quantity.1. Complete the following diagram Using ‘chemical food preservatives Techniques of food reservation Answer: Using chemical food Preservatives Techniques of food preservation (—) ‘Shamal Dilip Girap (98694 47165 /98331 14685) Mrs. Shama NAS ARS Salting 422. Complete the following diagram Sago papadam Food items preserved by drying Gooseberry pieces Answer: Sago papadam Fenugreek Food items preserved by drying Tomato powder Gooseberry pieces3. Fillin the blanks by choosing the correct alternative (Pasteurization, drying, hygroscopic, thawing, sugaring) 1. Milk and similar products are heated to a specific temperature and immediately cooled down, this method of food preservation is called as ee eee 2. Water is an important factor for micro-organisms, This factor is removed by using method of food preservation. 3. Frozen products should be taken out of the refrigerator before using them. This allows the ice to melt. This is called as 4. As salt is itis used in salting technique, 5. is the process used for preparing sugar-mango, apple jam, Pineapple jam, mix fruits jam ete. fq Answers: 2 Milk and similar products are heated to a specific temperature and immediately cooled down, this method of food pregefvation is called as pasteurization . b. Water is an important fact6y for micro-organisms. This factor is removed by using drying method of fopd' preservation, c. Frozen products,should be taken out of the refrigerator before using them. This allows the‘ice to melt. This is called as thawing . d. As salt-is_hveroscopic, it is used in salting technique. €. , Sugaring_is the process used for preparing sugar-mango, apple jam, pineapple jam, mix fruits jam etc. 4.» Write short note on following 1. Drying ; Drying is the method in which the moisture content of the food is removed wi the help of sunlight. Because of water micro-o1 ms gr resulis in spoiling it. The potato chips ete. rc ‘Temperature of that place ad Mrs. Shamal Dilip Girap (98694 47165 198331 14685)di = ey there is ang sunlight_Artificial dryers. which_can_control, perature and humi L These are used for drying ins, dry figs as well as various vegetables. These Vegetables can be used in instant powders mixtures. The powders of fruits are “used for preparing mi With the help of modem technology, food preservatives are used in aT Sauces. If this preservative is addéd to hot food, the food item fem emits foul “Hence small quantity of the food item is taken in a bowl first and mixed with preservative. Thereafter this mixture is added back to the remidining food. The right quantity of preservative is very important. Such: artificial food preservatives are,used for preserving sauce, jelly, jam also prepared vegetables _and food packets etc. for a very long time. 7 5. Write any 5 advantages of food preservation: Food preservation has following advantages: (Write any 5) yyy 1. Ina particular season, fruits are available in large quantity and at cheaper rate. ce available in a particular Season, But because of, various food preservatioi methods wwe can consyme these fuits and vegetables throughout the year 3. In a particular séisony fruits and vegetables are produced on a large scale. However, there. may not be proportionate demand to these productsAs these items aré perishable there may be a huge wastage. But due to food preservation method; we can store these products for a long period and stop the wastage of fruits and vegetables. 4. . With primary information on food preservation method, and additional interest, the food preservation business can be set up on a large scale. 5°) These food items are extremely useful at the times of natural calamities like * flood, earthquake, war etc. 6. The preserved food is very important for hikers. As hikers are required to carry heavy luggage with them. They can carry preserved foods with them. 7. Joy of self-creation can be achieved as the food is prepared by oneself. 45 Mrs. Shamal Dilip Girap (98694 47165 / 98331 14685)6 Write two examples of cnch Example | Depiny 0, Te pointo chips | Papada a et Cad ts 1 Salting 2 / Sugaring enero Freezing catia cs 4 Pasteurization a, Ne, & Pe 5 Using chemical food preservatives wr “| Answers? Example | Drying Potato chips Papadam i Salting Ginget pieces | Gooseberry pie 2 Sugaring “Apple jam Telly 3 Freezing, Meat 7,7 [Green peas : Hud ae ae [3 q Pasteurization Milk Frutjuiee Flot 3 Sauce Jam presExercise: Ty K eeu . cap lade : 1. Why food should be preserved? Ima puatcculad Soca , pu ne ‘of ot » large quately ak atcleapy tate -Bue fo errr ue Cas redone 2. Why does the food spqil?. Due to clemuat cha Jue jraste | mca dgaaum. Peo eer taal A ee se i the whines used ona z Geloutt cle i Ce a an Ces ( i Sat : Es dy FeUslza7CPrs, ae Ory! 04, Write a short ed jase Ohreeay O ay. porsuuptivn we Jah 13 applied fo pred ters in Lange nel Satt beln & Qreewe te | 5 S. How much sugar should be added to fruits for sugaring? "olshue oy 2 Fyfe Auger pleut Se oddhed . 6. Whats ‘freezing’? -T1e we ern ow Frozen US mally aaeel P yoselevle clarcleen , mautton. ofe « z . 7 $ «1. What is the temperature used for pasteurization?. PLe publ tants D Lectes ton: Us b W°e 1 eS into (ID, Gr are the chemical preservatives added to the food? Solum henroate , Polamim nda bi zulplote 9. How can we consume seasonal fruits throughout the year? Users diyyprent metosdia Moxervetion 10. Use any one of the methods of food preservation to preserve your favorite food for along time. Compare the preservi Keep notes of your observations.’ ed food product with unpreserved food product.