Cpe Practice 1

PAGE: GRIT ENGLISH CENTER BRIDGING THE GAP 1: PRACTICE BOOK
UNIT 1: INVERSION
A. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. Immediately I heard from her, I left for London (than)
No…………………………………………………………….I left for London.
2. As well as speaking Japanese, he writes it, too. (speak)
Not …………………………………………………………but he writes it, too.
3. If my mother calls, tell her I'm on my way home. (call)
Should……………………………………………………..I'm on my way home.
4. She didn't see the point of waiting any more. (longer)
No…………………………………………………………………… of waiting.
5. I found my job because I subscribed to that magazine. (subscription)
Had it………………………………. to that magazine, I wouldn't have found my job.
6. Jane helped us solve the puzzle because she is experienced. (experience)
But……………………………………………………. unable to solve the puzzle.
7. Everybody escaped because he helped them. (one)
Without………………………………………………….………….. have escaped.
8. She will give you the key only if she trusts you. (get)
Only.................................................................................................the key from her.
B. IN OTHER WORDS
The moment I got home yesterday. No sooner………………............................
I discovered someone had broken into …………………………………………….
my house. …………………………………………….
I had no idea what was in store for me. Little………………………………………
When I went into my bedroom, I realised Only when………………………………...
exactly how many things had been stolen. …………………………………………….
My camera and my gold watch had Not only…………………………………...
disappeared, as well as all my money. …………………………………………….
Nothing like this had ever happened Never……………………………………...
to me before. …………………………………………….
I'd only been in my room a minute when Hardly..........................................................
I heard my front door close. …………………………………………….
When I looked out of the window, I saw Only……………………………………….
who had been in my house. …………………………………………….
I certainly didn't expect to see my best Little………………………………………
friend, Tom, running down the street. …………………………………………….
"I will never trust anyone again," I thought, "Never…………………………………….
as I sank down into my armchair. …………………………………………….
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GRAMMAR ANALYSIS
C. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. She would not let her daughter meet him under any circumstances. (no)
Under............................................................................................................... meet him.
2. The earthquake damaged their house so badly that they had to rebuild it. (extent)
To………………………………………damage their house that they had to rebuild it.
3. Mr Johnson should definitely not be blamed for the accident. (way)
In……………………………………………………………………..for the accident.
4. They rarely allow visitors after 6.00 pm. (cases)
In………………………………………………………………………..after 6.00 pm.
5. They didn't speak to each other at all. (word)
Not………………………………………………………………………to each other.
6. You don't often see Pam so lost for words. (such)
Rarely……………………………………………………………………….for words.
7. No one called to inquire about the post, either today or yesterday. (nor)
Neither today…………………………………………………...to inquire about the post.
8. Jamie gave us a lift, so we weren't late. (given)
Had Jamie……………………………………………………………… have been late.
IDIOMS: BODY PARTS 1
• keep one's chin up: remain cheerful (when things go wrong)
• by the skin of one's tooth: by a (very) narrow margin
• (not) stomach sth: be (un)able to accept sth
• a pain in the neck: a nuisance, an annoying person
• have the guts: have the courage
• thumb through a book: look through a book
• down at heel: poor and shabbily dressed
• get one's back up: annoy
D. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION1 (based on Idioms)
1. That man was so annoying I hope I never meet him again. (pain)
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Such…………………………………………………….. I hope I never meet him again.

2. He was very nearly killed in the accident. (teeth)
Only………………………………………………………. escape death in the accident.
3. He was shabbily dressed and a little drunk as well. (heel)
Not only………………………………………………………………… a little drunk.
4. Whatever you do, don't annoy the boss when wo ask for a rise. (back)
Under no………………………………………………………..when we ask for a rise.
5. I cannot accept your dreadful lies any more. (stomach)
No…………………………………………………………………… your dreadful lies.
6. We will survive this ordeal il we can stay cheerful. (chin)
Only if…………………………………………………………..…. survive this ordeal.
7. I've never had the courage to tell him what I think of him. (guts)
Never……………………………………………………… tell him what I think of him.
8. I had just begun to look through the book when he took it away. (thumb)
Hardly…………………………………………………….. the book when he took it away.
USE OF ENGLISH
E. DERIVATIVES
CAREER ADVICE
It's time for my son to make a (1)……………….. as to what he DECIDE
wants to do with his life-which (2)……………….. he wants to enter. PROFESSIONAL
Whatever his choice, I would not dream of (3)…………………... him OBSTRUCT

in any way, but in all (4)…………………… he'll choose the field of medicine, PROBABLE
especially as several of our (5)………………… are doctors and nurses. RELATE
He likes to be (6)……………… involved with children and seems DIRECT
to have inexhaustible (7)…………….. with them, so I gave him the PATIENT
only (8)…………… .I could and told him to become a paediatrician. ADVISE
At the moment he is being very (9) ……….... to his studies, but at ATTEND
the same time I can see he is (10)…………….. and wants to get to college. REST
F. MCQ CLOZE TEST

BUYING A MOTORBIKE
I am often (1)………………….. odds with my father about various things, but little (2)……………….. I
suspect he would get so angry one day when I told him I wanted a motorbike. (3)………………….. had I
brought the subject up (4)........................ he lost his temper. Never (5)…………………. had I seen him so
upset about anything. I did my (6)………………….. to reason with him, but he told me that I had to realise
that I was a penniless student. (7) .......................only did I have to find a part-time job, but I also had to have
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money in the bank before I could start thinking of motorbikes. I tried to explain that I had in fact enough
money at my (8)………………. for a small, second-hand machine, but he wouldn't listen. (9)........................ I
told him that I'd already put a deposit down on it, it would only have (10)……………… more harm. I was at
my wits' (11)...................as to know what to do. But then, (12)………………. sooner had he told me the
subject was closed (13)……………… my mother came in.
"The company you want to work for has just called," she said to me. "There's a job waiting for you - but (14)
…………….. if you've got your own transport will they take you."
I didn't look at my dad. I just sat there and did everything within my (15)…………….. not to smile.
1. on/with/at 6. good/best/well 11. loss/ease/end
2. did/had/have 7. So/Not/Never 12. no/not/never
3. Hardly/When/Only 8. forefront/loose end/disposal 13. that/when/than
4. that/when/as 9. Were/Had/Did 14, only/sooner/before
5. until/then/before 10. done/been/made 15. ease/power/best
VERB/PREPOSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS & IDIOMS
E. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. You have to obey the rules in this company if you want to get on. (toe)
You……………………………………………….. if you want to get on in this company.
2. Why can't Roy accept the fact that he is incompetent? (face)
Why can't………………………………………………………… that he is incompetent?
3. It helped me a lot when Sandie looked after the kids. (turn)
Sandie……………………………………………………...when she looked after the kids.
4. I tried as hard as I could to convince them to stay. (best)
I…………………………………………………………….......... to convince them to stay.
5. John is lending me his country house for the weekend. (disposal)
John's house………………………………………………………………for the weekend.
6. We can't continue the project until we get the technical data. (standstill)
The project is……………………………………………….until we get the technical data.
7. It was hard not to laugh when he sneezed in the middle of the song. (straight)
It was………………………………….............when he sneezed in the middle of the song.
8. The waiter was so rude that I will never go to that restaurant again. (foot)
The waiter was so rude......................................................................that restaurant again.
9. That child was very rude to speak to you like that. (cheek)
That child...................................................................................to speak to you like that.
10. I know that it's true because he told me himself. (lips)
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I………………………………………………………………….so I know that it's true.

F. COMMON WORD
1. Put your initials at the…………….....of every page of the document.
He used to live on a farm at the…………………… of Mount Kenya.
I think put my…………………. in it by asking why his wife hadn't come.
2. It was hard to keep a straight………………….when Auntie Jane was singing.
He only said he hadn't wanted the job to save................................... .
She hates snakes, really, but she put on a brave……………......and picked it up.
3. You can………………….the honours with the tea while I get the cakes.
Losing a little weight will.......................... wonders for your figure, you know.
He'll………………………..everything in his power to find you a job.
4. I'm………………such a low ebb. I don't feel like doing anything.

Bill's…………………odds with his father again about what time he must get home.
I've got plenty of money…………………….my disposal so what shall we do first?
5. I'm quite sure this painting is a(n)…………………….Van Gogh.
A smile of………………………………………. pleasure lit up her face.
I can't tell the…………………………………………diamonds from the fakes.
6. Well! I risked my……………to rescue her cat and she didn't give me a word of thanks.
One day you'll stick your…………….. out once too often and get the sack.
What are you doing in this……………………….. of the woods in the middle of the day?
READING
G. MCQ CLOZE TEST
MAURITIUS
The doctor had taken one look at me and suggested a few weeks in the sun. So, after scouring the brochures, I
decided to (1)……………… for Mauritius. I found a small apartment at the (2)………………… of a small
hill in Grand Bale, and immediately set about doing the (3)……......... . After a few days I found myself at (4)
……………….. and who should I bump into but Alan, an old friend from London, who told me that he had
found himself perpetually at (5)..................... with his boss and had now moved to Mauritius? "Why don't you
do the same thing?" he asked. So I did, and it's done (6)... ........................ for my health.
1. a. foot b. head c. leg d. face
2. a. arm b. heart c. mouth d. foot
3. a. view b. sights c. scenery d. scenes
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4. a. a loose end b. odds c. a dead end d. ease

5. a. a loss b. large c. loggerheads d. a standstill
6. a. justice b. business c. credit d. miracles
H. MCQ CLOZE TEST

EXTRACT FROM A DIARY
DAY 1 The trees here in the Bolivian jungle are so (1)………….. take photographs so I need
to stay near the river where there is more light.
DAY 2 I am waiting to photograph wild pigs, but my knees have become (2)…………....,
making it difficult for me to walk. The nights are hot and I am having problems
sleeping.
DAY 3 The (3)………… people tell me the pigs will attack and kill you. A friend of theirs was
once attacked by wild pigs and though he (4)........................ a tree he didn't get high
enough and they nearly (5).......................his feet off.
DAY 4 No sign of the pigs, so we are (6)……………. on, thank goodness.
1. a. solid b. tight c. dense d. close

2. a. inflated b. swollen c. enlarged d. extended
3. a. domestic b. resident c. regional d. local
4. a. climbed b. shinned c. ascended d. leapt
5. a. Ate b. licked c. picked d. bit
6. a. passing b. moving c. touring d. running
REVISION
VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
I. IN COMMON WORD
1. Those new shoes must have cost you an arm and a(n)…………………….. .
We're having a(n)………………… of lamb with roast potatoes for lunch.
We ran into bad weather on the second…………………………… of the voyage.
2. You mustn't get bogged down in details and lose……………….of our main objective.
We ran out but there was no one in…………………. but an old man walking his dog.
I know him by ..........................................but I've never actually met him.
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3. Everything was on................. the day before the sale, so we went to have a look.
We went to see a good second-hand car with a(n)........................ to buying it if the price were right.
We searched everywhere and finally found it in full……………….. on top of the fridge.
4. I'm afraid it's only too........................ that city life is becoming unbearable.
The flowers he paints are extraordinarily………………… to life.
I didn't think a(n)…………………. friend would have done what you did.
5. Patricia is looking for a(n)…………….. ....-time job, now that the children are in school.
Roger is always so…………………… of himself he gets on my nerves.
She has made a(n)………………….. recovery from her serious injuries.
6. I'll be along later so don't wait on my…………………. .
All planes were cancelled on………………………….. of the fog.
On no…………………….., must you eat berries you find in the woods.
J. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. The teacher used such difficult words that no one could understand him. (did)
Such………………………………………………… that no one could understand him.
2. The moment he arrived, he started complaining. (than)
No………………………………………………………………………… complaining.
3. The job was a success because the workers were skilful. (skills)
But.................................................................................................. have been a success.
4. I finally met her by chance. (did)
Only...................................................................................................................... her.
5. She'll come only if you invite her. (unless)
Not…………………………………………………………………………….come.
6. An experienced politician always has something to say. (loss)
An experienced politician.................................................................................. words.
7. I was feeling so down last week that I didn't want to see anyone. (ebb)
I was.………………………………………………….that didn't want to see anyone.
6. The prisoners have still not been captured. (at)
The prisoners...………………………………………………………………… large.
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UNIT 2
• TENSES • PAST MODALS
1. He hasn't been to the college since May. (went)
The………………………………………………………………………in May.
2. My sister has never travelled by plane before. (time)
It's………………………………………………………………………by plane.
3. Our basketball team last won the championship five years ago. (since)
It's………………………………………………….…….. the championship.
4. When did he last write a book which was a best seller? (been)
How long……………………………………… a book which was a best seller?
5. They became British citizens five years ago. (for)
They………………………………………………………………. five years.
6. Surely you haven't forgotten already! (have)
You………………………………………………………………….already!
7. It's quite possible that Peter will have married Helen by next year. (might)
Peter………………………………………………………….by next year.
8. It wasn't necessary for her to buy presents for everyone but she did. (bought)
She……………………………………………………………….for everyone.
B. IN OTHER WORDS
-When he got home, he discovered his wife's - It was not until……………………
dead body. ……………………………………..
I feel sure it was a terrible shock. It must………………………………
-They undoubtedly had an argument and he - They must…………………………
killed her, in my opinion. ……………………………………..
She had a lot of money, you know. ……………………………………..
-It's impossible that he killed her for money. - He can’t……………………………
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He's a wealthy man. He's not the murderer. ……………………………………..

-Perhaps you didn't know him as well as I did. -You may not……………………….
He had a terrible temper. ……………………………………..
-Yes, but the last time I saw him lose his temper -Yes, but I…………………………..
was ages ago. I thought they were an ideal ……………………………………..
couple ……………………………………..
-I realised things were not going so well when - It was only………………………...
I got to know them a little better. ……………………………………..
It was certain there was going to be There was…………………………...
trouble. ……………………………………..
- Must you call the police? - Do you…………………………….
Couldn't I have a word with him first? ……………………………………..
- It would be preferable if you didn't do anything. - You'd………………………………
Anyway, it's too late. The police have arrived. ……………………………………..
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS
1. They had planned to stay two months in India at first (intention)
Their………………………………………………………………in India.
2. I don't think she will agree to your terms. (doubtful)
It's…………………………………………………………………to your terms.
3. It is open to doubt whether they will find the missing child within the next 24 hours. (know)
For…………………………………...the missing child within the next 24 hours.
4. He disappeared about a month ago. (missing)
He………………………………………………………………about a month.
5. There was a summit conference in The Hague. (place)
A summit………………………………………………………… in The Hague.
6. I'm certain that the Minister of Education is going to hand in his resignation soon. (bound)
The Minister of Education………………………………………………..soon.
7. Tom had never taken part in a professional race before. (first)
It was……………………………………………………in a professional race.
8. I doubt that they will turn down your invitation. (hardly)
They………………………………………………………………your invitation.
IDIOMS: BODY PARTS 2
•fight tooth and nall: fight fiercely
•hold one's tongue: restrain oneself from saying sth
•make one's blood boil: make one very angry
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•a bone of contention (between): a cause of dispute

•bite one's lip: refrain from saying sth/restrain a cry
•be glad to see the back of sb: be happy to see sb leave/go
•bone idle: extremely lazy
•have a (good) head for sth: be good at sth
D. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION (based on idioms)
1. She was absolutely furious when he lost her gold watch! (blood)
It…………………………………………………….……when he lost her gold watch!
2. She wanted to object, but she kept quiet for the sake of peace. (bit)
She wanted to object……………………………………………. for the sake of peace.
3. Local residents fought fiercely to get the factory closed down. (tooth)
Local residents…………………………....................... to get the factory closed down.
4. Nobody knows for sure whether he's stupid or just very lazy. (question)
It is open………………………………………………………………………… idle.
5. Do you have to be good at maths for this job? (head)
Do you……………………………………………………………………. for this job?
6. The two brothers have been fighting over that piece of land for years. (bone)
That piece of land………………………………………………..the two brothers for years.
7. I'll be very happy to see him go, after all the trouble he's caused. (back)
I'll be…………………………………………………….. after all the trouble he's caused.
8. Joe should have kept quiet instead of arguing with dad. (hold)
Joe…………………………………………………………….instead of arguing with dad.
USE OF ENGLISH
E. DERIVATIVES
HUMAN NATURE
I have no (1)……………. for this exam, because I don't see how ENTHUSE
it is (2)………………. possible to pass. I look around me in total HUMAN
(3)……………….. as all the other students scribble happily away, AMAZE
and I am (4)……………… by a sense of panic as I find myself VISIT
stuck on Question One, I don't seem to have their (5)………………… ENDURE
and I (6)………………… dislike people who are more able than I and STRONG
who find (7)......................... their goals in life so easy. Anyway, here I ACHIEVE
sit in utter (8)………………… as the clock ticks and the pens scratch at FASCINATE
paper, as if all who sit here are (9).....…………………. in their purpose – UNITY
to pass the exam and join that big, bad (10)………………… world outside. COMPETE
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F. MCQ CLOZE TEST

BUSTER
It was (1).........................when Buster had been picked up by the police for the second time that I really got to
know him. They (2)……………… brought him in on suspicion of stealing eggs, a minor crime he
(3).....................well have committed. By the look of him, he could have (4)……………….any age, and to
hear him talk he could have (5)……………… on any one of a million subjects. He made a very strong
(6)..................... on everyone. Buster, you see, was a tramp, but an educated, gentlemanly one. There was even
a rumour that he (7)………………... have been vaguely royal by birth, but that I cannot attest to.
(8)........................the course of a long and fascinating career, he'd lost everything in the cut-throat world of
business, and had ended up in (9)…………....debt. Now he was homeless and friendless. I saw the sad side of
life through his eyes when we went to the library together. He wanted to borrow a book.
The librarian looked at him disdainfully.
"How long is it (10)...................you last borrowed a book?" she inquired nastily.
"I have never borrowed a book, madam," said Buster courteously in (11)..................to her harsh tone, "but do
you have a copy of 'Macbeth"?" His politeness made no (12)……………… .
"Sorry," said the librarian. "Someone (13)..................... have taken it out."
She wanted to get rid of him. It was not, however, in (14)………………….. for Buster to be dismissed so
easily.
"And you, madam," he said politely, "must be (15).............. a mistake. There's a copy right
behind you."
1. until/only/before 6. reference/impression/effort 11. league/reply/accordance
2. were/have/had 7. was/should/may 12. sense/difference/apology
3. should/must/might 8. In/From/Of 13. can/should/must
4. be/being/been 9. thick/intense/deep 14. awe/place/character
5. speak/spoke/spoken 10. since/when/have 15. make/made/making
G. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. David is in so much trouble he may lose his job. (water)
David…………………………………………………………………..he may lose his job.
2. We did nothing yesterday so we must do extra today. (lost)
We did nothing yesterday so…………………………………………………….today.
3. It's really unlike Joan to make a nasty comment like that. (character)
It's really……………………………………………...to make a nasty comment like that.
4. Frank owes money to a lot of people in this town. (debt)
Frank……………………………………………………….a lot of people in this town.
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5. He mentioned the delays we experienced last year. (reference)

He…………………………………………………..the delays we experienced last year.
6. Everyone applauded when Mr Potts stood up to speak (hand)
Everyone…………………………………………………….when he stood up to speak.
7. I've never seen that emerald brooch before. (eyes)
It's the...................................................................................................that emerald brooch.
8. Billy's determined to become a train driver. (heart)
Billy…………………………………………………………………………a train driver.
9. He would have been safe where he was but he panicked and ran. (head)
He would have been safe where he was but……………………………………….and ran.
10. Must we really manage with this old furniture? (make)
Do………………………………………………………………………. this old furniture?
H. GET COMMON WORD

1. It may not be true but……………………. has it that she got married secretly.
The easiest way to spread a(n).................................. quickly is to tell Anna.
There's a(n)…………………….. going round that he's a millionaire.
2. Half our team had injuries so, on.................., they've done very well in the tournament.
Dad hurt himself badly when he lost his……………. and fell off the ladder.
Don't you realise the importance of these exams? Your future is in the…………………..
3. I did my best to win but I was playing out of my...................., really.
It looked as if the referee was in………………….. with the opposing team.
Our school football team is playing in the local...................final.
4. They cancelled the horse race because rain had made the................. too wet.
Three players were sent off in the……………………… of the match.
I assumed you would let me know the results as a matter of...........................
5. She was.............................. in thought and hadn't heard a word I'd said.
He got himself into such……………… financial trouble that he lost his house.
We sat and talked………………………… into the night about old friends and old times.
6. I got the........................... that she didn't like parties very much.
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The prisoner made a(n)......................... of the key in the candle wax.

He made a very good……………… on the board of directors and was offered the job.
READING
I. MCQ CLOZE TEST
A WALKING HOLIDAY
We had decided on a walking holiday this year, and for the first two days we sat in a cave and gazed at the
distant hills through curtains of rain. So, now that the sun shone, Tom wanted to make (1)......…………lost
time and we had walked all day. I asked him, in (2)……………….., if we could rest for an hour but he had set
his (3)………………. on reaching Danby by nightfall. We would have to walk 100 miles in (4).......................
of the next 5 days because we wanted to make (5)................. of the weather. So on we went keeping a(n) (6)
……………… on the clouds that gathered behind us.
1. a. light of b. up for c. do with d. sense of
2. a. reply to b. turmoil c. vain . awe of
3. a. Heart b. eye c. head d. hand
4. a. place b. the interests c. awe d. the course
5. a. an effort b. the most c. a meal d. a project
6. a. hand b. thumb c. ear d. eye
J. MCQ CLOZE TEST
WILDLIFE
Stefan's (1)…………….hobby was filming wildlife and one month he decided to film the babies of ant-eater
chats, small birds that build their nests in large, underground holes that have been (2).................. by other
creatures. He managed to crawl into the hole happily enough but he had scarcely begun filming the babies
when a large snake appeared. In a(n) (3)............................such as this it is essential, (4)………………… all
else, to remain calm and so, not wishing to share the hole with a large, and (5)………………poisonous snake,
he rapidly (6)........................... .
1. a. superior b. head c. lead d. chief
2. a. disowned b. abandoned c. abdicated d. discarded
3. a. alarm b. shock c. crisis d. panic
4. a. up b. above c. beyond d. over
5. a. Doubtless b. questionably c. doubtfully d. incredibly
6. a. took out b. took up c. took over d. took off
REVISION
K. IN COMMON WORD
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1. The brakes failed in his car but he kept his………….and managed to stop safely.
The computer course was way over my……………so I switched to graphic arts.
Jack has got a good……………..for heights so he went up to the roof to fix the aerial.
2. You are a man after my own…………….., sir. I agree with you completely.
I think it broke his……………………. when Amanda married Bill.
She's a kind woman at…………………………, but she often seems a little rude.
3. I don't see the………………….of spending so much money on just one dress.
You're hours late! You have no…………………… of time at all.
See if you can make………………. of the instructions for this CD player.
4. If you are patient, everything will fall into...................., nicely. You'll see.
I think in your…………………..I'd share a flat with a friend for a while.
She sang the role of Carmen in………………. of the star who was ill.
5. He's a very practical man who can turn his…………… to any kind of work whatsoever.
I'm an old....................... at decorating so I'll have your spare bedroom finished in no time.
United gained the upper………………..in the second half of the match and eventually won.
6. In……………… of the fact that the show starts at 8, we should catch the 7 o'clock train.
When it was brought to..................... that he had a criminal record, he lost his job.
She made……………........of her injuries, although she was in considerable pain.
L. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. He understood my reaction after I'd explained how busy we were. (only)
It was……………………………………….. were that he understood my reaction.
2. This is the first time I've seen him panic. (head)
I……………………………………………………………………… before.
3. I'm sure he didn't commit the crime because he was with me at the concert. (could)
He…………………………………………………he was with me at the concert.
4. I'm sure James didn't take money from his grandmother's purse. (have)
James……………………………………………………………….grandmother's purse.
5. Can you understand this weird message? (tall)
Can……………………………………………………………………….weird message?
6. I can't possibly manage on this amount of money. (meet)
I can't...............................................................................................this amount of money.
7. Not only is he unwell but he owes a great deal of money, too. (deep)
14
Not only is he unwell but……………………………………………………………, too.

8. Julian always spends ages on everything he does. (meal)
Julian…………………………………………………………………everything he does.
UNIT 3: CONDITIONALS
1. They lost the match because they hadn't done enough training beforehand. (harder)
Had ……………………………………………………………………….. lost the match.
2. Pay for the damage or I'll sue you. (unless)
I’ll ……………………………………………………………………………the damage.
3. If you don't comply with the rules, you'll be expelled from the school. (and)
Don't ………………………………………………………….. expelled from the school.
4. Bad weather prevented the British expedition from getting there first. (for)
If………………………………………..the British expedition would have got there first.
5. She's in all this trouble now because she didn't listen to me. (be)
If she ………………………………………………………………. in all this trouble now.
6. He broke all the classroom windows; that's why he was expelled. (broken)
If ………………………………. the classroom windows, he wouldn't have been expelled.
7. If there's no frost this spring, the crop will be good. (provided)
The crop will be good ………………………………………………………….. this spring.
8. You can take any book you like if you put it back when you finish. (long)
You can take any book you like ……........………………………………. when you finish.
B. IN OTHER WORDS
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The world's tiger population is in peril But for……………………………………..

because of our inactivity and apathetic …………………………………………….
attitude. …………………………………………….
If ruthless poachers continue to kill Should……………………………………..
perfectly healthy adult tigers, they will …………………………………………….
eventually disappear. …………………………………………….
The tiger cubs are left to fend for If…………………………………………..
themselves, which means they starve to …………………………………………….
death or die at the hands of a stronger …………………………………………….
predator. …………………………………………….
A new "Save the Tiger" organisation has Had it not………………………………….
shown great concern, otherwise nothing …………………………………………….
would have been done to help the tigers. …………………………………………….
We must demand a drastic change Unless we…………………………………
in policy to get results. …………………………………………….
If we ignore the tigers plight, we cannot Ignore……………………………………..
be sure there will be any left by the time …………………………………………….
our children grow up. …………………………………………….
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS
1. He might need some extra cash, so I'll leave some in this drawer just in case. (event)
I'll leave some extra cash …………………………………………………. he needs it.
2. If she hadn't insisted on kissing everyone goodbye, she'd have caught the train easily. (but)
She'd have caught the train ………………………………… kissing everyone goodbye.
3. If there is an earthquake, go to the nearest shelter. (happen)
Should ……………………………………………. earthquake, go to the nearest shelter.
4. You may need to call the agency again, so keep their card. (case)
Keep the agency's ……………………………………………………………. them again.
5. You won't get the papers there by Monday if you don't use a courier. (hope)
Your …………………………………. the papers there by Monday is if you use a courier.
6. If I hadn't been ill, I would have enjoyed the trip. (illness)
But …………………………………………………………………………………. the trip.
7. Even if there's nothing to do, we still have to go to work on Saturday. (whether)
We still have to go to work ……………………………………………… anything to do.
8. If he gives his approval, we'll be able to start immediately. (condition)
We'll be able to start immediately …………………………………….. gives his approval.
IDIOMS: ANIMALS
 egg sb on: Urge/encourage sb to do mischief
 turn tall: run away
 his bark is worse than his bite: he is nicer than he sounds/seems
 pull the wool over sb's eyes: deceive/fool sb
 bird's eye view (of sth): aerial view
 haven't seen hide or hair of sb: haven't seen sb at all
 not give two hoots (about sth): not care (about sth)
 spread one's wings: extend one's activities, move to a new place
D. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION (based on Idioms)

1. Clap your hands and that dog will run away. (turn)
16
That dog ........................................................................................................... your hands.

2. Take care or he will deceive you. (wool)
He ……………………………………………………………………… you aren't careful.
3. He's usually a good boy, unless his brother encourages him to misbehave. (egg)
If his brother ……………………………………………………., he is usually a good boy.
4. It was too foggy for us to get an aerial view of Paris. (eye)
If it hadn't been so foggy, …………………………………………………………. of Paris.
5. If her mother hadn't held her back, she'd have moved away years ago. (wings)
If it hadn't been for her mother, ………………………………………………… years ago.
6. In his place, I wouldn't care so much about my reputation. (hoots)
If I were ……………………………………………………………… about my reputation.
7. You'll soon see that the boss is not as unpleasant as he seems at first. (bite)
The boss' …………………………………………………………………; you'll soon see.
8. How could I tell him if I haven't seen him for months? (hide)
How could I tell him if I .................................................................................. for months?
USE OF ENGLISH
E. DERIVATIVES
BILLY
When the police stopped him for causing a (1)……………., Billy DISTURB
(2)…………….. admitted having been to a party and being drunk. CHEER
I knew Billy well and he was usually a most (3)…………………. young AGREE
man who never behaved (4)………………. . He made a clear and REASON
immediate (5).................... of guilt, apologised, like the gentleman ADMIT
he was, for (6)....…….......... so badly and told the police that he had BEHAVE
had a(n) (7)…………….. with his wife, which had greatly upset him. UNDERSTAND
The (8)…………….. occurred to me that he was simply playing a POSSIBLE
practical joke, but (9)…………….., of course, on your point of view, DEPEND
it is surely (10)....…………….. to walk around town in underpants and HEALTH
socks on a freezing cold evening in January.
F. MCQ CLOZE TEST

COVENT GARDEN
If you haven't (1)……………. to Covent Garden for a long time, you're in for (2)....………………… a
surprise. In fact, it (3)...............little resemblance to the Covent Garden of old. In its (4)....................., it was a
bustling market square that sold fruit and vegetables, but if you (5) ...............there today, you'll find it has
become one of London's (6)……………… popular tourist destinations. Saturday is the best time of all to go,
when there are people strolling round the Piazza and browsing (7)......................... the many shops. You can
find everything from arts & crafts, original clothing and T-shirts, (8)……………….. leather goods and
handmade jewellery, all of which are very much (9)……………. demand by tourists and residents alike.
(10)......................... or not you have plenty of money to spend, you can eat well in a number of restaurants,
ranging from Thai to Mexican, or, of course, you may be in the (11).........................for a snack and a pint in a
local pub. (12).....................you want that special present for someone, a street artist will paint your portrait,
but bear in (13)……………….that this could take up a great (14)………………….. of your valuable time.
After all, there's a lot to see and do. Covent Garden is an entertaining spot, so don't miss it
(15).......................... you'll regret it!
1. visited/been/seen 6. much/most/far 11. time/frame/mood
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2. big/quite/enough 7. through/during/on 12. Should/Would/ Could

3. takes/does/bears 8. with/to/too 13. thought/mind/memory
4. heyday/origin/course 9. at/in/of 14. lot/number/deal
5. bear/take/go 10. I/Whether/When 15. and/or/if

1. This photograph doesn't look like you at all. (bears)
This photograph ………………………………………………………………….. at all.
2. She sent her husband out to buy Bulgarian mushrooms, knowing he wouldn't find any. (goose)
She sent her husband out …………………………………….. for Bulgarian mushrooms.
3. He saved for over twenty years and finally bought his own boat. (fruit)
Twenty years of ...................................................................... and he bought his own boat.
4. I'm sorry, but I'm not in the mood to discuss this matter right now. (frame)
I'm afraid I'm ……………………………………………….. discuss this matter right now.
5. They said that John had taken the money, although they had no proof. (blame)
They said ………………………………………… the money, although they had no proof.
6. Why are you trying to mend something that isn't broken? (monkeying)
Why ………………………………………………………… something that isn't broken?
7. No, I don't hate him for what he did. (ill)
No, I ………………………………………………………………………. for what he did.
8. Must you follow me everywhere I go? (dog)
Must …………………………………………………………………… everywhere I go?
9. It was Mary who told him about the surprise party. (cat)
It was Mary who ………………………………………………. about the surprise party.
10. Now that your situation is the same as mine, I don't suppose you think it's funny. (boat)
Now that we….…………………………………, I don't suppose you think it's funny.
H. COMMON WORD
1. We can have a drink before we go but .................... in mind the show starts at eight.
You can't remove those walls because they …………….. the weight of the roof.
The painting looks like a Monet from a distance but it won't...................close examination.
2. After three months of research, Malcolm realised he was on the ……………. track.
Mistakes were made because they got the ..................... end of the stick.
It seems that the police arrested the ..................... man after all.
3. I'm afraid her ……………….. in clothes isn't the same as mine.
Let's spend a weekend at the Dorchester Hotel and have a(n) …………… of the good life.
What he said was in poor ……………… considering there were a lot of children there.
4. John …………………… him a grudge for years for marrying the woman John loved.
Although it wasn't his fault, he ………….. the responsibility because he was the captain.
On his face he ................................................... all the signs of an unsuccessful boxer.
5. I know that ……………. wrongs don't make a right, but nevertheless I'd like to pay him back somehow.
I'm in ……………………………………………… minds about going to live in London.
Why worry about him when he doesn't give ……………………………. hoots about you?
6. He's a horrible little boy but he can do no wrong in the …………………. of his mother.
The ……………………. of the world will be on that athlete in the next Olympics.
He pulled the wool over my……………………. once, but he will never deceive me again.
READING
18
I. MCQ CLOZE TEST

THEATRE
It really gets my (1)……….........when Kathy plans my evening for me and keeps the plan as a surprise. Last
Saturday, for instance, she had bought us both theatre tickets, and I really was not in the (2)................. to go
out. I was much more in (3)………….. of staying at home and watching TV. Then, when we got there, we
discovered she had booked the stalls by (4)....................and the stalls are always packed at the best of times. It
was so hot, in fact, that I could scarcely (5)..................... it. So I did the wisest thing possible. I took what I
meant to be a quick (6).................... and didn't wake up till it was all over.
1. a. fox b. goal c. coat d. beetle
2. a. right mood b. two minds c. same boat d. right frame
3. a. mind b. danger c. jeopardy d. favour
4. a. fault b. mistake c. blame d. wrong
5. a. bear b. suffer c. hold d. carry
6. a. rat race b. top dog c. cat nap d. lame duck
J. MCQ CLOZE TEST

DANISH KINDERGARTEN
The Four Seasons Garden, a kindergarten near Odense in Denmark, has now been (1)........................... a
nature school by the local authorities. "All the children here are strongly (2)……………. to stay outside as
much as possible," says Barbara, the head teacher, "and so the school building itself is rarely
(3)......................”. The children, aged between three and six, play in gardens (4)..................... specially for
them and in this way they are kept (5)..................... nature. "Children today," she continues, "think that milk is
made in a (6)....................”.
1. a. given up b. taken on c. turned into d. made out
2. a. heartened b. encouraged c. reassured d. let
3. a. employed b. used c. exploited d. engaged
4. a. formed b. fashioned c. created d. invented
5. a. in proportion to b. in touch with c. in sight of d. in time with
6. a. container b. studio c. workshop d. factory
REVISION
K. COMMON WORD
1. As far as juvenile crime is concerned, I think the …………… lies with the parents.
Dennis lost his job through no ……………………………………….. of his own.
The lifts are out of order because of a(n) ……………………………… in the wiring.
2. They've added a new children's, ................................................... to the local hospital.

The pilot reported that a fire had started on the right ............................. of the aircraft.
Have you noticed how Tina has taken the now girl under her ....................... so quickly?
3. They've offered me the job, but for a one-month ............................................... period.

19
The defendant was reminded that he was on ................................................. for his life.
We eventually found the solution by ................................................. and error.
4. Spend whatever is necessary, within......................, to modernise our computer network.

I've told her that she's making a mistake but she won't listen to ......................, as usual.
You're using the wrong instructions so it stands to ...................... you can't work it out.
5. I didn't really know the answer-it was just a(n) ...................... guess.
Critics were............................. about the play which opened in the West End last night.
It drives me......................when people go out for a picnic and leave their rubbish behind.
6. Doctors confirmed that he had a heart ...................... after all.

After drinking a whole bottle of whisky, neither of them were in any .....................to drive.
She agreed to give us information, on........................ her name was not used in the article.

1. Pay the ransom and they'll set your son free. (not)
Unless....................................................................................................... set your son free.
2. If they happen to come early, offer them a drink. (chance)
Should ..................................................................................................., offer them a drink.
3. I don't know what we would have done if you hadn't advised us. (advice)
Had ......................................................................., I don't know what we would have done.
4. I didn't go to their party because I didn't feel like it. (mood)
Had I ...............................................................................................................to their party.
5. The project received the unanimous approval of the committee. (favour)
The committed ................................................................................................ the project.
6. This hotel is very much like the one I stayed in last year. (bears)
This hotel ...............................................................................the one I stayed in last year.
7. I felt completely out of place at the reception because I didn't know anyone there. (fish)
I felt................................................... at the reception because I didn't know anyone there.
8. She can't decide whether to accept the offer or not. (two)
She's ..............................................................................whether to accept the offer or not.
UNIT 4: UNREAL PAST

1. It's a pity she did not accept my proposition (wish)
I .................................................................................................... my proposition.
2. Do you want to have lunch inside or out on the balcony? (rather)
Would .......................................................................................... on the balcony?
3. You really shouldn't have said so much to them. (rather)
I .................................................................................................. so much to them.
4. I don't want you to disturb me while I'm working. (rather)
I'd ............................................................................................ while I'm working.
20
5. Joanna would rather listen to music than do her homework. (prefers)

Joanna ........................................................................................... her homework.
6. You had better stop wasting your time and start looking for a job. (time)
It's high ...................................................................................... looking for a job.
7. He's never been to Madrid but you'd think he lived there from the way he talks about it. (if)
He ................................................................................................... he lived there.
8. It would have been better if you had not spoken so openly at the meeting. (rather)
I'd ................................................................................................... at the meeting.
B. IN OTHER WORDS
-I regret spending so much of my young -I wish.....................................................
life studying. ................................................................
It would have been preferable to put on I’d...........................................................
a rucksack and go off to see the world. ................................................................
I should have had the courage to say If only.....................................................
"no" to my parents when they forced ................................................................
me to study medicine. ................................................................
I'd prefer to be poor and happy rather I’d sooner...............................................
than well off in a job I don't like. ................................................................
-You really must stop talking like this, -It's high..................................................
Peter. ................................................................
You should think about the life you've Rather.....................................................
got now, and not complain. ................................................................
You could have ended up with nothing, Suppose...................................................
instead of the good job and the happy ................................................................
family you've got. ................................................................
If you relax a bit you can still enjoy your life. Providing................................................
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS
1. You should have made the appointment for Tuesday. (better)
It ....................................................................made the appointment for Tuesday.
2. I wish Noel and Marcia could have made it here for the weekend. (pity)
It’s .....................................................................................it here for the weekend.
3. I left without telling him as didn't want to disturb him. (disturb)
Rather ..................................................................................... without telling him.
4. He should have asked my permission before using my credit card. (rather)
I ........................................................ my permission before he used my credit card.
5. The customer told the waiter he wanted a table by the window. (preference)
The customer ........................................................................ a table by the window.
6. I know you want to drive there, but how about flying instead? (suppose)
I know you want to drive there .................................................................... instead?
7. What if we rented a cottage in the Lake District? (say)
What ......................................................................................... in the Lake District?
8. She demanded to see the manager. (wish)
“I ...............................................................................................................” she said.
IDIOMS: NUMBERS/SIZE/MEASUREMENTS
 cut sb/sth down to size: show sb to be less important than they think
21
 once and for all: now, finally

 once in a lifetime: extremely rarely
 once in a while: occasionally
 once too often: one more time than is desired/safe/needed
 double your money: make twice as much money
 not budge/give an inch: refuse to change an opinion
 see/tell sth a mile off: understand sth very obvious
D. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION (based on Idioms)

1. Why don't you tidy your room occasionally, Jimmy? (while)
I wish you ..............................................................................................., Jimmy.
2. It's an extremely rare opportunity, so I wouldn't miss it if I were you. (lifetime)
An opportunity like this ......................................................... so you must take it.
3. Once dad has made up his mind, he won't change it. (budge)
Dad won't ......................................................................... he's made his mind up.
4. Nigel is so conceited, it's time someone showed him he's not as important as he thinks. (cut)
It's time someone ..................................................................... he's so conceited.
5. It's a pity you didn't tell him, firmly and finally, that he can't stay here. (once)
If only you ............................................................................ that he can't stay here.
6. John got twice as much for his car than he paid for it. (doubled)
John .......................................................................................when he sold his car.
7. Wayne played truant again last week but this time he got caught. (often)
Wayne .......................................................................................... and got caught.
8. It's perfectly obvious to all of us that they're in love. (mile)
You can ................................................................................ that they are in love.
USE OF ENGLISH
E. DERIVATIVES
OUT OF THE BLUE
To see my eccentric aunt was the a (1)...................... of fresh air BREATHE
when she (2)........................... out of the blue last week. At first she APPEARANCE
was (3)............................ shy, until she spoke of her new husband. She CURIOUS
had reached 55 without getting married, in the (4)...................that BELIEVE
marriage is unnecessary and positively (5)......................... to your health, HARM
and that sharing your home with someone else is a (6).......................... FRIGHT
prospect. So, you can imagine how friends and family (7)............................ REACTION
The whole village. (8)................... as it is by nosy pensioners, turned POPULATE
out to give the fellow a close, critical (9)........................., to the point INSPECT
of (10).......................... a traffic jam from one end of the village to the other. CREATE
F. MCQ CLOZE TEST

WEATHER CHANGE
When you cast your (1)......................... back to summers past, you may very well be (2).................................
the impression that there were such things as the "Good Old Days" our certainly weather-wise, anyway.
Recently there is every indication (3)............................ our weather is changing (4)......................... the worse.
Some countries will undoubtedly inherit "better" climates, but others will turn (5).......................... deserts or
22
even disappear under the oceans of the world. The situation is, sadly to say, far from under
(6).................................... and governments must be put (7)........................... more pressure to do something
about this serious situation. If (8)......................... certain countries would face up to their responsibilities now
(9)........................ than wait until it is too late, we could perhaps (10)........................ more of an impact on
saving our world. It's high (11)........................... the United Nations laid down stricter guidelines for world
governments to (12).............................., but it seems that the major powers can do (13)........................ they
want. Under the (14).......................... it is hardly surprising that many developing countries have
(15)...................... or no faith in their developed neighbours.
1. mind/vote/lot 6. regulation/repair/control 11. time/action/late
2. on/in/under 7. under/in/to 12. adhere/abolish/follow
3. of/that/to 8. until/before/only 13. however/whatever/whichever
4. to /into/for 9. instead/rather/better 14. circumstances/pressure/case
5. over/into/from 10. give/have/save 15. small/minor/little

1. Can you try to remember what he said before he left? (cast)
Can you .......................................................................... what he said before he left?
2. They are thinking about your proposals at the moment. (under)
Your .................................................................................................. at the moment.
3. He set fire to the chemistry lab so they made him leave the school. (from)
They ........................................................................ setting fire to the chemistry lab.
4. Steve has been flying for so long that he does it almost automatically now. (second)
Flying ...................................................................................................... Steve now.
5. Harry tricked me and made me pay for the whole meal. (fast)
Harry .............................................................................. me pay for the whole meal.
6. A door-to-door search gave the police no further information about her disappearance. (light)
A door-to-door search .................................................................. her disappearance.
7. They let him leave hospital the following morning. (from)
He ............................................................................................. the following morning.
8. He spoke quietly so that no one would hear him. (breath)
He ............................................................................................ no one would hear him.
9. Marrying Joanna has really made him happy. (nine)
He's .................................................................................................. he married Joanna.
10. We must go back to the beginning and find the error. (square)
We must ......................................................................................... to find the error.
H. COMMON WORD
1. That dog is too afraid of his own ................................ to be a good watchdog.
Billy is just a(n).......................................of his former self after his long illness.
The murder of Israeli athletes cast a(n)........................ over the Munich Olympics.
2. We'll have to give him the benefit of the .................... because there's no proof that he did it.
There seems to be no...........................now that world climate patterns are changing. Our poor profits this year
have cast .................... on the ability of the new manager.
3. If an athlete makes two............................... starts in a race, he is disqualified.
The climber had to be careful; one ......................move could mean his death.
Two charity workers were arrested for gaining money under .................... pretences.
23
4. Once we gain ....................... of the bridge, we'll be able to halt the enemy advance.
Unfortunately, Miss Smith has no.................... over her class and they do whatever they like.
After another night of violence, the police have the situation back under......................
5. Samantha's studying for a bachelor's..............................in English Literature.

More marks are awarded for the last question to reflect its high............. of difficulty.
Dad always gives me the third.................. if I get home late so I'd better be off now.
6. Are you sure the minus............................... is in the right place in this equation?
There is no ................................. of the child, either in the house or in the garden.
People born under that ……….............of the zodiac are stubborn and strong-minded.
READING
I. MCQ CLOZE TEST
GOATS
Goats seem to have a (1)....................... mind-food but if you are under (2)........................... that a goat is
simply a four-legged stomach then you are under a (3)........................ . Goats are, in fact, highly intelligent
creatures, so much so that many farmers use them to herd their sheep. Being a goal is much like any other
(4)........................ job and so good is he at it, it seems to be second (5)......................... to him. Indeed, he will
attack anyone who goes too near the flock. A word of warning, however: do not allow him into your house.
He will quickly cast (6).................... over the contents of your sitting room-and proceed to eat them.
1. a. two-faced b. one-track c. sixth sense d. third degree
2. a. the impression b. consideration c. suspicion d. the weather
3. a. consideration b. pressure c. pretence d. misapprehension
4. a. six-to-one b. ten-to-one c. ten-to-five d. nine-to-five
5. a. fiddle b. rate c. nature d. thoughts
6. a. spell b. an eye c. a light d. a shadow
J. MCQ CLOZE TEST

ANTIGUA
My wife and I had never been to Antigua before, so last April we bought a couple of
airline tickets and (1)......................we went. Did we have fun! The moment we arrived "Sailing Week" began.
The race (2):............................ five days during which most of the (3)..........................., including my wife and
myself, enjoyed (4)......................... West Indian beach parties. In fact, when, at the end of the week, the
(5)....................... had received their (6).......................... we were so exhausted that we slept for the last two
days of our holidays.
1. a. away b. on c. in d. up
2. a. endured b. remained c. lasted d. occurred
3. a. audience b. spectators c. viewers d. observers
4. a. non-stop b. evermore c. timeless d. supplementary
5. a. winners b. races c. conquerors d. earners
6. a. rewards b. decorations c. awards d. prizes
REVISION
24
K. COMMON WORD
1. With the best ...................... in the world I can't feed eight people on one small chicken.
Patrick thought it was high time he consulted a lawyer to draw up his .................. .
The government moved the diplomat to Peru against his ................................. .
2. Hundreds of people sent flowers to the funeral as a(n)................... of their respect.

The games machines here don't take coins. You have to put a(n) ................... in.
I didn't know what to buy Diana, so I gave her a gift ............................ for Christmas.
3. Dad put his golf clubs in the cupboard and they haven't seen the ............. of day since.
Recent research has cast new ........................... on the causes of cancer.
Please don't stand in my .............................; I cannot read my book.
4. You should wear a belt with those trousers; they look very ......................... to me.
The dog broke ............................. from his chain and ran down the road.
Penny was late home from the party and all hell broke ...................... when she got in.
5. Considering its ......................... the car is in remarkably good condition.

It's when I walk up these stairs that I really feel my ............................. .
That everyone grows wise with ..................... is a myth, I'm afraid.
6. As a rule of .................... you should always roast chicken at a low temperature.

Nick stuck out like a sore ........................ at the wedding as he was the only man in jeans.
Martin is completely under Linda's .......................................................... these days.

1. They wish they hadn't spent so much money on those electrical appliances. (rather)
They'd ...................................................................... on those electrical appliances.
2. Mark should start earning a living instead of asking his father for money all the time. (high)
It's .............................................. instead of asking his father for money all the time.
3. John knows nothing about mechanics but he talks about the subject non-stop. (as) John
talks .................................................................................... about mechanics.
4. Try to think of that summer when we were at St. Tropez. (cast)
Try and ......................................................................... when we were at St. Tropez.
5. He looked quickly at everything in the room. (eye)
He ............................................................................... over everything in the room.
6. I was thinking about a trip to Thailand but now I'm not so sure. (thoughts)
I was thinking about a trip to Thailand ....................................................... about it.
7. He came very close to having a fatal accident. (inch)
He came .......................................................................................... a fatal accident.
8. Vicky hasn't been feeling very well lately. (weather)
Vicky ............................................................................................................. lately.
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UNIT 5 - FULL/BARE INFINITIVE

A - KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. Could you please move your car? (enough)
Would ……………………………………………………….. your car, please?
2. He pretended that he had not heard of the new regulations. (to)
He ……………………………………………………….. of the new regulations.
3. There is a strong possibility that the soldiers will be recalled to the area. (likely)
The soldiers ……………………………………………………….. to the area.
4. The only thing I can't do is solve her problems for her. (but)
I ……………………………………………………….. solve her problems for her.
5. While he's here, can you ask the carpenter to fix the door? (have)
While he's here, ……………………………………………………….. fix the door?
6. They saw her steal the office records from the drawer. (to)
She ……………………………………………………….. the office records from the drawer.
7. A thinks that she will have graduated by next June. (expects)
Ann ……………………………………………………….. by next June.
8. It seems that he has missed another golden opportunity. (have)
He ……………………………………………………….. another golden opportunity.
OTHER WORDS
"We will kill you if you try to escape!" The terrorists threatened …………………………
the terrorists said. ……………………………………………………
“You may not sit in groups of more They forbade ………………………………….…
than three." …………………………………………….……..
"Write a letter with our demands to They ordered ………………………………….…
the president" they said. …………………………………………………..
We had to go along with what they said. We could do ……………………………………..
"We will release several prisoners in The government promised ………………………
exchange for your freedom" …………………………………………………..
Their intention was to fy us to Mexico They …………………………………………….
by helicopter …………………………………………………..
They didn't keep their promise, however. However, they failed ………………………..…
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Finally, the terorists let us go free. Finally, we …………………………………..…

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS
C - KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. Pat left a note on the table because she wanted George to know where she had gone. (to)
So ………………………………………………….. she had gone, Pat left a note on the table.
2. We didn't want to run into any road blocks so we took a roundabout way home. (order)
We took a roundabout way home ………………………………………………….. any road blocks.
3. Orla claimed that she had done all the donkey work single-handed. (have)
Orla ………………………………………………….. single-handed.
4. He survived the train crash but died of a heart attack the following day. (only)
He survived the train crash ………………………………………………….. the following day.
5. We are expecting Mr Westwood's arrival at any moment. (due)
Mr Westwood ………………………………………………….. at any moment.
6. He didn't mean any insult when he mentioned your last job. (intention)
It ……………………………………………………….. when he mentioned your last job.
7. We couldn't do anything except agree to their terms. (choice)
We ……………………………………………………….. agree to their terms.
8. Our agreement was that you would notify us of any additional costs. (wore)
We agreed ………………………………………………….. of any additional costs.
IDIOMS: COLOURS
go blue in the face: turn a dark/bluish colour because of cold/fear/anger
black and blue: with bruises all over one's body
in black and white: in writing, in print
whiter than white: exaggeratedly white or pure/good
be/go/turn red: blush from embarrassment
in the red: owing money in one's account at the bank
(roll out) the red carpet (treatment): (give sb) VIP treatment
in the pink: in an excellent state of health
I'm glad you're feeling in the pink again, dear. I've brought you this because the doctor said some sea air
would do you good.
D – KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION (based on Idioms)
1. Nobody in the whole room blushed but me. (only)
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I ………………………………………………….. in the whole room.

2. They treated him like a VIP when he was here. (carpet)
They ………………………………………………….. for him when he was here.
3. From Hubert's letter, he seems as if he is in perfect health. (pink)
Hubert ………………………………………………….. from what he said in his letter.
4. I guarantee that I will have everything written down by Monday. (white)
I guarantee to ………………………………………………….. by Monday.
5. He likes to give the impression he's a perfect angel, but I know all about his past. (whiter)
He pretends ………………………………………………….., but know all about his past.
6. It wasn't my intention to be in the red for so long, Mr Philips. (mean)
I ………………………………………………….. in the red for so long, Mr Philips.
7. She should see a doctor, she bruised herself terribly when she fell down the stairs. (blue)
She'd better ………………………………………………….. after falling down the stairs.
8. He was so angry his face changed colour. (go)
His anger caused ………………………………………………….. face.
USE OF ENGLISH
E - DERIVATIVES
FINDING A JOB
Not being formally (1) …………….., Peter was finding it hard to get EDUCATE
a job. He was becoming frustrated by the lack of (2) …………….. to RESPOND
his letters. Those that came back were phrased in (3) …………….. terms, POLITELY
but they still said 'no'. Tho (4) …………….. level in his area was high, EMPLOY
of course. Perhaps if he could get some (5) …………….., things would QUALIFY
be easier. He was not (6) …………….. to the fact that his family was SENSE
short of money, so he would have to be (7) …………….. how he CARE
broached the subject of college. (8) …………….. that would not ORGANISE
be simple. However, laziness was not one of his (9) …………….., and if FAULTY
he had to, he would even (10) …………….. in the army to get the money. SERVICE
F - MCQ CLOZE TEST

ALEXANDER
Before the Battle of Gaugamela on October 1st, 331 BC, Alexander the Great (1) ……………..
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to camp on a small hill overlooking the plain. He (2) …………….. his men to rest and went off to his tent in
(3) …………….. to sleep. The next day, the officers, whose (4) …………….. was to inform him of
developments, were amazed to find him still asleep. Later, sitting on his horse Bucephalus, he seemed to (5)
…………….. almost bored by the prospect of battle. He stood at the head of his famous "Companion
Cavalry" while his infantry were (6) …………….. to await orders. Then, rather (7) …………….. wait any
longer,
Alexander led his cavalry straight at Darius III, King of Persia, who, hoping (8) …………….. take
Alexander's army to (9) …………….., urged his cavalry (10) …………….. surround Alexander's infantry.
Alexander was the (11) …………….. to notice that Darius' army had thinned out and when he charged,
Darius didn't know (12) …………….. to do. Alexander's move had (13) …………….. the Persians
completely by surprise and they immediately fled. Alexander, now within (14) …………….. of victory,
fought on without (15) …………….. until the Persians were utterly destroyed.
1. decided/thought/made 6. telling/told/been told 11. first/job/best
2. said/told/let 7. than/that/of 12. how/what/where
3. intention as to/order 8. to / for /that 13. shown/made/taken
4. supposed/responsible job 9. parts /sides/ pieces 14. power/reach/scratch
5. be/been/being 10. they/on/to 15. respite/break/thinking
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. Robert really enjoys making other people look stupid. (pleasure)
Robert …………………………………………………….. other people look stupid.
2. I'm afraid I can't change the regulations, sir. (power)
I'm sorry but …………………………………………………….. change the regulations, sir.
3. There was so much misleading information in the novel, I didn't guess who the murderer was. (red)
There …………………………………………………….. in the novel, I didn't guess who the murderer was.
4. I'm not very popular with Uncle Edward at the moment. (black)
I'm …………………………………………………….. at the moment.
5. I didn't see who took my wallet because someone called me at that very moment. (attention)
Someone …………………………………………………….. so I didn't see who took my wallet.
6. Nobody at this school has ever done such a thing before. (precedent)
What you have done …………………………………………………….. at this school.
7. Everyone in the family is rather ashamed of Uncle Max. (sheep)
Everyone thinks …………………………………………………….. of the family.
8. My parents very rarely go up to London these days. (blue)
My parents only go …………………………………………………….. these days.
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9. We have no choice but to believe what he says. (word)

We have no choice …………………………………………………….. for it.
10. I'm sure that car salesman cheated me. (ride)
I'm sure …………………………………………………….. by that car salesman.
H - COMMON WORD
1. We must settle our ………………………. at the bookshop this month.
On no ………………………. must you ride that motorbike without a helmet.
We should take the traffic into ………………………. and leave now.
2. Now that you've taken the engine to ………………………., you can put it back together again.
Liverpool lost because they went to ………………………. in the second half.
I've nearly finished - I'm just clearing up the bits and ………………………. before I go home.
3. Long-distance runners often don't get into their ………………………. for a mile or so.
Nothing worries Judy. She takes everything in her ………………………. .
He walks with such a long ………………………. that I can't keep up with him.
4. Never lose ………………………. of your main goals in life.
We were within ………………………. of the hotel when the car broke down.
I know her by ………………………. but I can't remember where I met her.
5. Helen took ………………………. to the rude way Harry spoke to her.
Everyone, without ………………………., enjoyed the Christmas dance.
All the students, with the ………………………. of Julian, passed the exam.
6. The climbers looked in awe at the ………………………. of mountains that lay ahead.
A wide ………………………. of new fashions has just arrived in the clothes shops.
Rebel forces are now within firing ………………………. of the city walls.
READING
I - MCQ CLOZE TEST
GARDENING
There is absolutely no doubt that Harry has green (1) ……………… . Take, for instance, those runner beans
he planted. Now, to take (2) ……………… runner beans you must put sticks in the ground for them to "run
up", as they are a kind of creeper. For this purpose Harry used a few branches which (3) ……………… him
nothing because he got them from a nearby wood. Well, when they saw our lovely crop of beans, the
neighbours were (4) ……………… with envy, and it took them all (5) ……………… when, without (6)
………………, every branch sprouted leaves and grew.
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1.a. eyes b. blood c. looks d. fingers

2.a. care of b. credit for c. notice of d. pride in
3.a. changed b. cost c. spent d. paid
4.a. red b. blue c. white d. green
5.a. for granted b. by surprise c. to pieces d. for a ride
6.a. hitch b. fail c. exception d. care
J - MCQ CLOZE TEST

A SPECIAL GIFT
Peter had invited Adam and Jane to Saturday's jumble (1) ………………. where, he promised, he would have
a (2) ………………. and had (3) ………………. something very special for Jane. So off they went and when
they got there Peter pulled (4) ………………. a hand-made leather purse which he said had (5) …………….
in India. "It's unique," said Peter proudly, but (6) ………………. Jane felt something was wrong. Adam
wanted to buy it for her anyway and as she gazed uncertainly at her new gift, a woman behind her spoke.
"Oh," she said. "I've just bought six of those. They make wonderfully cheap Christmas presents, don't they?"
1.a.auction b. sale c. market d. clearance
2.a.counter b. kiosk c. stall d. stable
3.a.conserved b. stored c. reserved d. stocked
4.a.out b. over c. on d. up
5.a.germinated b. initiated c. derived d. originated
6.a.impulsively b. naturally c. spontaneously d. instinctively
REVISION
K - COMMON WORD
1. As long as it's within ……………………, I don't mind what you spend on clothes.
What is the …………………… for all this noise?
Gerry is impossible to talk to sometimes; he just refuses to see …………………… .
2. Tell Terry to keep his …………………… at the party or there will be a row.
I think we're just about within striking …………………… of the archaeological site.
In the …………………… we could just see the village clock.
3. Ian is sick and by …………………… should be in bed.
You were within your. …………………… to demand a refund.
Everyone has civil ……………………, no matter who they are.
4. You have to go through a lot of …………………… tape to get a passport.
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Mentioning her ex-husband is like showing a(n) …………………… rag to a bull.

I saw …………………… when the assistant continued chatting while I was waiting to pay.
5. The defendant pleaded not guilty to the …………………… of blackmail.
Many phone companies are providing Internet access free of …………………… now.
Would you be so kind as to tell me who is in …………………… around here?
6. The country is now counting the …………………… of the terrible flood.
The factory has shut down, at a(n) …………………… of 3,000 jobs.
Zoe never thinks of the …………………… of anything when she buys it.
L - KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. You shouldn't assume that he'll help you. (granted)
You shouldn't …………………………………………………….. he'll help you.
2. Don't pay any attention to what she says. (notice)
Don't …………………………………………………….. what she says.
3. They should have considered his health before they gave him that post. (account)
They should …………………………………………………….. before they gave him that post.
4. From the beginning of the holiday to the end, they were cheated. (ride)
They …………………………………………………….. from the beginning of the holiday to the end.
5. The guests were all interesting people. (exception)
All …………………………………………………….. interesting people.
6. The town hall has approved the plans for a new sports centre. (green)
The town hall …………………………………………………….. the plans for a new sports centre.
7. The police arrested three men in connection with the bomb explosion. (custody)
The police …………………………………………………….. the bomb explosion.
8. We simply cannot afford to buy a new car this year. (budget)
A new car …………………………………………………….. this year.
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UNIT 6 - GERUND
1. He wishes he hadn't spent all his money playing cards. (regrets)
He ………………………………………………… playing cards.
2. It doesn't bother me to pay a lot as long as it's for quality products. (mind)
I …………………………………………………as long as it's for quality products.
3.I always find it difficult to persuade her to see my point of view. (difficulty)
I always ………………………………………………… to see my point of view.
4. They treated me like a film star and I really liked it. (treated)
I ………………………………………………… like a film star.
5. My father hates it when people call him by his nickname. (stand)
My father ………………………………………………… by his nickname.
8. Even though our guests had arrived he continued to watch TV. (went)
He ………………………………………………… our guests had arrived.
7. My aunt is coming to stay and I'm not really looking forward to it. (dread)
I ………………………………………………… with us.
8. He's not likely to arrive before nightfall. (chances)
The ………………………………………………… slim.
B - IN OTHER WORDS
-I don't think we should kill animals. - I'm against………..
-But when you're hungry that gives - But hunger justifies …..
you the right to kill anything. …………………………………………………
And unfortunately under the present - Unfortunately, the present law doesn't prevent
33
law people can destroy wildlife. …………………………………………………

So you don't think hunters should - Do you mean you're against
be given licences? …………………………………………………
- Of course I don't. I hate it when see - Of course I am. I can't
defenceless animals killed. …………………………………………………
-Why don't you write a letter to the - Why don't you try..
government, then? …………………………………………………
- I write repeatedly, but nothing - I keep
happens. …………………………………………………
-Why not join an environmentalists' group? - How about
- I firmly intend to join one. - I have every
-Well, I still think there's little chance - Well, I still think there's little chance of
that you'll make a difference. …………………………………………………
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS
1. It's useless to wait any longer. (no)
It's ………………………………………………… any longer.
2. This is the first time I've worked with this computer programme. (used)
I'm ………………………………………………… with this computer programme.
3. Don't argue with him; he's as stubborn as a mule. (worth)
It’s ………………………………………………… ; he's as stubborn as a mule.
4. It's impossible to tell what time they'll make it here. (way)
There's ………………………………………………… what time they'll make it here.
5. I don't see why you want to invite them if you can't stand their company. (point)
There's ………………………………………………… if you can't stand their company.
6. I really must find time to clear out the attic. (round)
I really ………………………………………………… the attic.
7. The scientists are about to make an announcement concerning their latest discovery. (verge)
The scientists ………………………………………………… concerning their latest discovery.
8. The rail workers do not intend to call off their strike. (intention)
The rail workers ………………………………………………… their strike.
IDIOMS HAVE (GOT) EXPRESSIONS
34
a bone to pick with sb: have sth to complain about, reason for displeasure
a finger in every pie: be involved in many activities, offen for personal gain
a foot in both camps: be involved in two activities, with different or opposing aims or ideas at the same time
no/not the remotest/faintest/slightest idea: no knowledge or understanding of
nothing to do with: be irrelevant
a chip on one's shoulder (about): a grudge/grievance which makes one discontented/ready to take offence
a(n) open/closed mind: be (un)willing to accept new ideas/opinions
a heart of gold: be helpfu/kind (but with a rough exterior)
You've got a heart of gold but the rest of your body isn't worth a penny, I'm afraid.
D - KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION (based on Idioms)

1. Timothy failed to get into university and he gets very annoyed if it's mentioned. (shoulder)
Timothy has ………………………………………………… to get into university.
2. You can't possibly be a social worker if you can't accept others' opinions. (open)
Without …………………………………………………, you can't possibly be a social worker.
3. He often seems rude but he is really a very kind person. (gold)
He …………………………………………………, although he may often seem rude.
4. I really don't know what you are talking about. (faintest)
I ………………………………………………… what you are talking about.
5. We wish to complain about your dog, Mr Taylor. (bone)
We ………………………………………………… about your dog, Mr Taylor.
6. All this descriptive detail is irrelevant to the subject. (nothing)
All this descriptive detail ………………………………………………… the subject.
7. I think the mayor is involved in everything that goes on in this town. (pie)
I think the mayor ………………………………………………… in this town.
8. Henry's got friends in both the Labour and Conservative party. (camps)
Henry ………………………………………………… when it comes to politics.
USE OF ENGLISH
E - DERIVATIVES
WEEKEND BARBECUE
35
It was with (1) ……………….. enthusiasm that Fred decided CHARACTER
on (2). ……………….. all his friends round for a weekend barbecue. INVITE
They were, on the whole, a (3). ……………….. bunch of people and LIKE
Harriet, his wife, was a (4) ……………….. sort who found the NEIGHBOUR
occasional social gathering an (5). ……………….. affair. So, feeling ENJOY
in an (6). ……………….. mood they spent the day buying meat and ENERGY
making salads. It was all fairly (7). ……………….. work and it was EASE
no great (8). ……………….. really when a couple of people said they could not LOSE
come. Then on Saturday it rained, so, (9). ……………….. to cook, outside, ABLE
they retired to the garage, but for some (10). ……………….. EXPLAIN
reason, it simply wasn't the same.
F - MCQ CLOZE TEST

MACBETH
I had intended (1). ……………….. to see the latest production at the Palladium, though Marcia had decided
to stay at home and (2). ……………….. TV. She said she wasn't terribly interested (3) ………………..
seeing 'Macbeth' yet again and I knew there was no point (4). ……………….. to change her mind. So we had
agreed, quite amicably, (5).……………….. go our separate ways and, come 7 o'clock, I was on the (6)
……………….. of leaving when the telephone rang. Guess who? Mother-in-law, I began to feel a little (7).
……………….. edge. She said she was fed up (8). ……………….., spending every Saturday night on her
own and would we object (9). ……………….. her coming round for just a couple of hours? Marcia looked up
at me and I started to (10)...……………….. off my coat. Mother-in-law was in the habit (11)
………………..showing her (12) ……………….. at the most inconvenient of times. I settled down in my
favourite chair in the faint(13).……….. that I might fall asleep while the ladies gossiped. Well, we had no
way of (14) ……………….., of course, but when she walked through the door she said, with a big grin,
"Come on, you two. I'm going to (15) ……………
you a good time. I've bought three tickets for 'Macbeth'!" You should have seen the look on Marcia's face.
1. go/to going / going 6. go/course/point 11. to/for/of
2. watch/to watch / watching 7. to/in/on 12. head/face/eyes
3. to / for/ in 8. that/with/having 13. belief/thought / hope
4. to try /trying /try 9. in /at/ to 14. saying /knowing / speaking
5. to /that/ on 10. take/taking/having taken 15. have/take/show
G - KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. We must get started before all the guests arrive. (road)
Let's ………………………………………………. before all the guests arrive.
36
2. They were just about to climb through the window when the police arrived. (point)
They ………………………………………………. through the window when the police arrived.
3. Someone has already borrowed the book you want, Miss Potts. (loan)
The book ………………………………………………. the library, Miss Potts.
4. They were so rude in that shop that I won't go there ever again. (face)
I'll never ………………………………………………. because they were so rude.
5. He's sure to get an Oscar for his role in that film, if you ask me. (course)
In my opinion, he. ………………………………………………. for his role in that film.
6. After he had broken two plates, they asked him to leave before he broke anything else. (door)
Having broken two plates, ………………………………………………. before he broke anything else.
7. Don't worry! I'll explain how everything works on Monday. (ropes)
Don't worry! I'll ………………………………………………. on Monday.
8. He seems to be worrying a lot these days. (mind)
He seems ……………………………………………… these days.
9. They haven't captured those escaped prisoners yet, have they? (run)
Those ………………………………………………. aren't they?
10. No one could believe how well Nadia performed in her first ballet role. (show)
Nadia ………………………………………………. in her first ballet role.
H - COMMON WORD
1. With his flying start, Johnson had the……………….. on the other athletes all the way.
The car went over the........................ of the cliff and ended up on the rocks below.
Mary was nervous and on ……………….. all through the interview.
2. He must have been an ambassador- he had a little ……………….. on the front of his car.
The French show the ....................... on Bastille Day with parades and firework displays.
We've all given up protesting about the council's new plan but a little group keeps the ……………….. flying
outside the town hall.
3. After your ……………….. of bad temper, haven't the slightest desire to help you.
We can find out who agrees by a simple ……………….. of hands.
Martha gave the ……………….. away by saying she would soon be an aunt!
4. We were told, in no uncertain. ....................., what we had to do in order to keep our jobs.
According to the......................... of the rental agreement, we can't have a pet.
After a terrible argument, I'm barely on speaking ……………….. with most of my family.
37
5. The characters in the book are ...............to life, but the plot wasn't up to much.
His story seemed reasonable but didn't quite ring.............. ,did it?
She showed her.........................colours when she refused to pay me back the money.
6. I did all the hard work but the boss................. my thunder by taking the credit.
I........................ a glance at Emma to see that she was hiding a smile, too.
In the musical "Cats", the children dressed as kittens. ……………….. the show night after night.
TOPIC VOCABULARY EXPRESSIONS & IDIOMS

I - KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. The critics gave his new musical such bad reviews that it closed within a fortnight. (slated)
His new musical ……………………………………….. that it closed within a fortnight.
2. Could you lend me a few pounds until payday, Scott? (tide)
I need ……………………………………….. until payday, Scott
3. Newspapers report that the police started the shooting, not the rebels. (shot)
Newspapers report that the police ……………………………………….., not the rebels.
4. The whole audience rose to its feet as she finished singing the aria. (standing)
She ……………………………………….. when she finished singing the aria.
5. His business became successful once he started to behave more responsibly. (act)
After ……………………………………….. a success of his business.
6. She doesn't enjoy herself if she isn't the centre of attention. (spotlight)
Unless ……………………………………….., she doesn't enjoy herself.
7. What a fuss she made over one little mouse in the kitchen! (dance)
She ……………………………………….. one little mouse in the kitchen!
8. Every ticket was sold for our first performance. (full)
We ……………………………………….. for our first performance.
9. The advent of the Intemet completely changed global communication. (ushered)
The Internet ……………………………………….. in global communication.
10. Unless you get organised, you will never be ready by Saturday. (together)
If ……………………………………….., you will never be ready by Saturday.
J - COMMON WORD
1. You were caught in the…………… of stealing so how can you say you were innocent?
Most of the audience were asleep by the end of the first. …………… .
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Jody always tries to get in on the ……………, so don't tell him anything.
2. Marvellous costumes and a fine …………… make this a musical not to be missed.
Not one player on our team got a higher…………........than ten, so we lost.
I paid off an old.................against him by turning down his application to join the golf club.
3. I should serve a(n). …………… white wine with your roast chicken.
The buses and taxis were on strike so we were left high and ...…………… at the station.
When Rigoletto killed his daughter by mistake, there wasn't a(n) …………… eye in the house.
4. I bought this silver dish for a(n) …………… at the street market.
A lullaby is a(n) …………… to send children to sleep.
Why are you making a(n) …………… and dance about something so trivial?
5. Seeing that documentary on leopards …………… home to me how much I miss Africa.
I......................... six children into the world and they've given me eighteen grandchildren.
What really …………… the house down was the mayor dressed up as a Bunny Girl.
6. She has wanted to go on the …………… ever since she was in a school play.
Scientists have warned that the volcano is entering an active ……………
It's Time for Miss Hogg to take centre …………… to sing the famous aria from "Tosca”.
READING
K - MCQ CLOZE TEST
A LONG WAIT
A (1) …………… moon shone through the heavy rain which beat down on the pavement. Leonard stood in
the (2) …………… lit street and glenced at his watch Midnight. He looked at all the houses along the tree-
lined street. How he envied the families in their warm, safe houses, a fire (3) …………… in the hearth,
supper waiting on the table. At a (4) …………..guess, he had been there for two hours and he was cold and
wet. His instructions had been even (5) …………… than usual, but he dared not leave. Suddenly he saw the
faint (6) …………… of two figures in the shadows. They had arrived.
1.a.feeble b. vague c. pale d. flashing
2.a.dimly b. roughly c. faintly d. vaguely
3.a.twinkling b. shimmering c. gleaming d. glowing
4.a.feeble b. rough c. dim d. faint
5.a.dimmer b. fainter c.vaguer d. paler
6.a.blur b. flicker c. ray d. glimmer
L - MCQ CLOZE TEST
AN ACTOR
39
He had had a (1). …………… ambition to go on the stage since he couldn't remember when, though he
believed in his heart that he hadn't a (2)………..… of talent. And now, here he was at the age of 30, standing
in the wings, nerves jangling, and hands damp with fear. And then the lights dimmed and he stepped into the
(3)……………….. of the lights. "Now is the winter...." he began. The spotlight (4)………………… on his
dark hair and ruddy complexion, and when, at play's end, the lights went up, the applause acknowledged a
(5)...................performance and his face (6)…………………….with pleasure in his moment of triumph.
1.a.dazzling b. burning c. shining d. gleaming
2.a.ray b. flash c. glare d. spark
3.a.glare b. glow c. ray d. glint
4.a.gleamed b. shone c. flickered d. glistened
5.a.shimmering b. flashing c. dazzling d. flaring
6.a.glowed b. glinted c. glistened d. sparkled
REVISION GRAMMAR
M - KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
1. She didn't like the young man asking her so many questions. (objected)
She ……………………………………………... so many questions.
2. He can't wait till they present him with the medal. (forward)
He is ……………………………………………... with the medal.
3. I've really had enough of doing exactly what he says. (fed)
I'm ……………………………………………... what he says.
4. Martin may be ill but he still manages to enjoy life. (prevent)
Martin's ……………………………………………... life.
5. I didn't realise what he was really like until he stayed with us. (colours)
He ……………………………………………... when he stayed with us.
6. We're near enough now, I should think. (striking)
We are ……………………………………………..., I should think.
7. His injury is not serious at all, thank goodness. (minor)
It's ……………………………………………..., thank goodness.
8. He's always ready to help when you ask him. (shows)
He ……………………………………………... when you ask him.
9. You must not drink alcohol during this period. (abstain)
You ……………………………………………... during this period.
10. I'm afraid I haven't got the authority to let you in here. (power)
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I'm afraid it's ……………………………………………... to let you in here.

N - OPEN CLOZE TEST
- I'll never show my (1)…………….. in their house again. There's absolutely no point (2)………..staying
friends with people like that. They're obsessed with their image. Everything they do is for (3)………......
- Well, I did warn you against accepting the invitation.
Yes, you did, but there was no (4)………………….. of knowing how boring it was going to be. Jack insisted
(5)……………….. telling me his whole life story again! Is there any way you can prevent him from coming
to our party next week?
- I have every (6)………….. of doing so, but how exactly? When he arrives, I can't very well (7)……………
him the door now, can I? Nor can I say "Would you (8)…………………... leaving? We don't really like you!"
No, you can't do that, so maybe we should show (9)………………... and invite them one more time. I can put
up with his wife, even with her (10)………………... and graces, but I'm not used to (11)………………….
treated like an idiot, and he didn't have the faintest (12)……………....... that I was within earshot when he
was talking about our home. I don't think the house needs painting, do you?
- No, I don't. Now let's stop talking about them and get this show on the (13)……………... . We've got to be
out of here in half an hour.
- OK, I'm nearly ready. Let's go out and you can show me a good (14)…………………...
- (15)……………………show! I'm glad to see you're happier already.
COMMON WORD
1.Well, shall we brave the …………….. and go out for a drink?
The new musical took New York by …………………. when it opened on Broadway.
Anything I say produces a(n) ……………….. of tears so I'll leave you on your own for a while.
2. Thousands of bullets were …………………. when the rebels stormed the television station.
You knew you would be ………………… if you were late for work again.
My imagination was ……………. by a book on Antarctica I had when I was a child.
3. Poor old Toby has been through some….……… patches recently.
Could you give me a(n) ……………………. idea of the cost of replacing the wiring?
Our hotel is a bit……………….. and ready, but we're not staying long so it's all right.
4. The president gave the crowd a big …………………. from his balcony.
The city has been hit with another……………………. of violence.
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Russell is on the crest of a(n)………………….. now that his third book has been published.
5. They fought ……………………. and nail to keep their house, but had to sell it in the end.
These days they say a sportsman is long in the …………………. If he's over thirty!
I'd be slim like you if I didn't have a sweet..........................
6. These new white shoes will …………………… every speck of dirt.
It would be wiser not to ………………….. your hand until you find out what the boss has in mind.
Let's ………………….. willing and wash the car for dad.
7. Young Alex will be well in a few days if we just let nature take its ………………, Mrs Budd
During the................. of the day I noticed that hardly anyone was working except me.
Maria Hart is on ......................... to win an Oscar for her role in this film.
8. Roger and I parted………………….. more than five years ago.
She went to the rugby dinner in the ………………….. of her two brothers.
He has formed a new theatrical ………………… to perform plays in small towns and villages.
9. We were able to walk as far as the lighthouse because the…………… was out.
With John's help we turned the ……………....and now our new business is showing a profit.
I sympathise with your views but you're swimming against the …………..of popular opinion.
10. It was a marvellous trip but I came back to.................. when the bills began to arrive.
Who on............................ said you could borrow my car?
He promised me the …………………… and then left me with a mountain of debt.
11. I only have a vague……………… where his house is.
Standing in the rain and watching men throwing a ball about is not my………………… of fun.
I haven't the slightest …………………….. where he went.
12. I gave the girl at the box office a plece of my………….. for trying to overcharge me.
He's got too much on his……………….. at the moment to answer silly questions."
I've a good……………………… to take up flamenco dancing.
………………………………………………..****************………………………………………………..
UNTI 7. PASSIVE VOICE
1. They won't allow anyone to take photographs. (be)

No one…………………………………………………………………… photographs.
2. They won't let anyone wearing jeans in. (will)
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No one ……………………………………………………………………………… in.

3. They believe the ship sank before the war. (to)
The ship .................................................................................................. before the war.
4. People expect the government will reduce taxes. (to)
The government…………………………………………………..……………… taxes.
5. They tried again to free the hostages. (made)
Another …………………………………………………………………... the hostages.
6. They got the firemen to clean up the mess after the building collapsed. (cleaned)
They..................................................................................... after the building collapsed.
7. My salary was increased by ten per cent. (had)
I…………………………………………………………..……………. by ten per cent.
8. They have had to renew the surface of the motorway three times. (had)
The motorway………………………………………………………………. three times.
B - IN OTHER WORDS
Fashion designer Nicola Cimodoro is missing. Fashion designer Nicola Cimodoro is missing.
They think he is in hiding after police found He is ……………………………………………………..
the body of a rival, Marcello Proietti, in a canal. ……………………………………………………….…..
People considered Proietti to be the most Proietti …………………………………………..………
successful designer in Europe. …………………………………………………………..
The day before, a mystic told his fortune and The day before, he ………………………………………
wamed him of danger. …………………………………………………………..
They presume the murder took place sometime He is …………………………………………….………
yesterday after he ate lunch at "II Grottino." …………………………………………………………..
A small entourage accompanied him. They all He …………………………………………….…………
said he went to the bathroom and didn't reappear. …………………………………………………………..
They think Cimodoro is somewhere in Naples, Cimodoro …………………………………..……………
where he hails from. …………………………………………………………..
Relatives are arranging for Proietti's body to be Relatives are having ……………………………………
taken to the church in which he was married . …………………………………………………………..
They expect to arrest someone soon, An arrest …………………………………………..……
according to a police statement. …………………………………………………………..
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS
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1. Why do we have to show our passports? (obliged)
Why …………………………………………………………………………………… our passports?
2. The photocopier needs to be serviced right away. (wants)
The photocopier…………………………………………………………………………………… right away.
3. He's famous for being a generous man. (renowned)
He is …………………………………………………………………………………… generosity.
4. The language course consists of three books and two cassettes (up)
The …………………………………………………………………………… three books and two cassettes.
5. For further information please send this envelope to the above address. (obtained)
Further information ………………………………………………………this envelope to the above address.
6. The article criticised the minister's handling of the affair. (contained)
Criticism of …………………………………………………………………………………… in the article.
7. Alan worked too hard at the office and this led to his illness. (brought)
Alan's …………………………………………………………………………………… too hard at the office.
8. The Yeti has very rarely been seen at this altitude. (sightings)
There …………………………………………………………………………………… at this altitude.
IDIOMS: HAVE (GOT)

*have sth/sb on my mind: think repeatedly/constantly about sth/sb
*have the upper hand: have control over a situation or a person
*have one's feet firmly on the ground: be sensible/realistic
*have a (good) head for figures: be good at mathematics
*have a sweet tooth: enjoy eating sweet things
*have one's eye on sth/sb: wish to possess
*have a(n)-eye/nose/ear for sth: the ability to make good judgement about sth one sees; an ability to find or
detect sth; an ability to recognise and reproduce sounds, esp. in music and language
*have/get cold feet: stop sth or withdraw from sth because one becomes afraid of the consequences
Ex: Ever since his hang gliding accident, George has had his feet firmly on the ground.
1. Peter is too sensible to risk his money in such a scheme. (feet)
Peter has …………………………………………………………………… to risk his money in such a
scheme.
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2. I'm putting on weight because like eating cakes and chocolates. (tooth)
It's because ……………………………………………………………………that I'm always putting on
weight.
3. He's planning on buying that house near the golf course. (eye)
He ……………………………………………………………………………… that house near the golf course.
4. My father recognises a valuable painting when he sees one. (eye)
My father …………………………………………………………………………………… a valuable
painting.
5. Carlene is better at maths than I am. (head)
Carlene …………………………………………………………………………………… than me.
6. The day before we left for the Amazon, John said he wasn't coming. (cold)
John ....................................................................................... the day before we left for the Amazon.
7. I've been thinking about it all the time but can't come up with an answer. (mind)
I ………………………………………………………all the time but can't come up with an answer.
8. They're a troublesome group but Mr Jones keeps control of them. (hand)
Mr Jones ……………………………………………………………………………with that troublesome
group.
UNII 7 - USE OF ENGLISH

E - DERIVATIVES
SNOOKER
When young, Keith was quite (1) ……………… inclined but MUSIC
he had a (2) ……………… to be lazy where matters of the intellect TEND
were concerned. He was more a young man of (3) ………………, ACT
I suppose, and when, one day, we bought him, at no (4) ……………… EXPEND
at all really, a small snooker table he showed himself to be (5) ……………… REMARK
gifted at the game. In fact, he was such a good (6) ……………… PERFORM
that he beat everyone in the district. I had no (7) ………………, therefore, OPT
as he grew older but to buy him a full-size table. He adapted (8) ……………… FAME
to the new size, which was (9)....................... if, as had become CRITICISE
my ambition, I was to enter him in national (10) ……………… . COMPETE
F - MCQ CLOZE TEST

GENETICS
45
In April 1988, a patent (1) ……………… granted by the US Patent and Trademark Office for a mouse. The
patent had (2) ……………… requested by Harvard University because the mouse was (3) ……………… to
carry a gene responsible for breast cancer. In the (4) ……………… of any precedent for this, the Patent
Office (5) ……………… the application studied by examiners for four years before granting it. A little while
later it was (6) ……………… that a patent was (7) ……………… sought in Australia for a fast-growing pig.
The form and functions of all living creatures (8) ……………… ultimately controlled by the complex acid
DNA. It operates through chromosomes, which (9) ……………… composed of genes in the nucleus of cells.
Whether a plant has a red flower or an animal blue eyes (10) ……………… determined by the genes, and
such
characteristics are (11) ……………… on to the next generation. The genes that produce the characteristic
first (12) ……………… identifying and then the genetic engineer's task is to copy them and then (13)
……………… them transplanted into living tissue. However, geneticists have their (14) ……………… cut
out for them in transferring the genes once they have been (15) ……………… .
1. was/been/had 6. opened/leamed/ taken 11. sent/passed/forwarded
2. was/being/ been 7.be/been/being 12. need / needing / needed
3. thought/had thought/think 8. are/were/have 13. getting/make/ have
4. light/context/absence 9. are / have been/ being 14. job/work/duty
5. has had / be having / had 10. has/been/is 15. to copy / copied
/copying
1. They gave him the promotion although he knew nothing about finance. (clue)
He was given the promotion …………………………………………………………………… about finance.
2. It will be difficult for you completing the report by five. (cut)
You'll ……………………………………………………………………………completing the report by five.
3. Don't you think you are trying to do too much, Tessa? (irons)
Don't you think ……………………………………………………………………………………Tessa?
4. If the power fails, there are some candles in the hall cupboard. (event)
There are some candles in the hall cupboard …………………………………………………… a power
failure.
5. As Mrs Brown isn't here, we'll have to clean the office ourselves. (absence)
We'll have to clean the office ourselves ………………………………………………………………Mrs
Brown.
6. You will have to type the letters as well as operate the switchboard as Jane's ill. (addition)
As Jane's ill, you'll have to type the letters ………………………………………………………the
switchboard.
7. She didn't say a word when I asked why she had done it. (herself)
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She ………………..………..………................. when I asked why she had done it.

8. I've never driven a tractor before, but I'll try. (crack)
I’ll ……………………………………………………………………………………but I've never done it
before.
9. You have to stay alert on the streets of London. (wits)
You …………………………………………………………………………………… on the streets of London.
10. We had no idea that he was really our uncle. (inkling)
We …………………………………………………………………………………… he was really our uncle.
H - COMMON WORD
1. He expected to inherit his father's money but he was ……………… off without a penny.
She loved him so much that she was very ……………… up when he left her.
Fiona had her work ……………… out for her looking after her sister's kids as well as her own.
2. His success was just a(n) ……………… in the pan and he was bankrupt within six months.
A blinding ……………… of lightning was followed immediately by a crash of thunder.
The thief was in and out of the house in a(n) ………………, taking my new video camera with him.
3. When she screamed it nearly scared the ……………… out of me.
He lived by his ……………… before he settled down to a steady job.
You have to keep your ……………… about you in a big city.
4. Thomas is in ……………… for promotion to Assistant Manager.
There was a long ……………… of cars waiting to get into the car park.
Your health standards must be in ……………… with those of the other European member states.
5. It was a(n) ……………… in the dark when gave the right answer to the question.
I've never played snooker before but I'll have a(n) ……………… at it if you like.
I'd go to America like a(n) ……………… if I had the chance.
6. We teased Richard about his new pink suit but he took it in ……………… part.
He will be here all in ……………… time, so just be patient.
I've a(n) ……………… mind to resign and become a painter.
UNIT7 - TOPIC VOCABULARY EXPRESSIONS & IDIOMS

1. Bert's life seemed to go wrong after his parents died. (rails)
Bert ………………………………………………….………………………………after his parents died.
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2. If you can make your own way to the wedding, I'll take all the children. (steam)
If you can …………………………………………………………………………………… , I'll take all the
children.
3. We must arrange every detail of the ceremony in advance. (mapped)
Every detail …………………………………………………………………………………… in advance.
4. They say he began without official permission. (motion)
It is ……………………………………………………………………………… without official pormission.
5. She's much better than me at skating. (streets)
She …………………………………………………………………………………… at skating.
6. A motorbike is good for getting through the traffic. (weave)
You can …………………………………………………………………………………… easily on a
motorbike.
7. If you don't start preparing now, you'll never be ready. (gear)
Unless ……………………………………,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,………………, you'll never be ready.
8. I'm going to let Jim organise the cricket match this year. (back)
This year I'm …………………………………………………………and letting Jim organise the cricket
match.
9. Our mistake may have been employing an ex-convict. (turning)
Perhaps we ……………………………………………………………………………… employed an ex-
convict.
10. We've already driven along here, I think. (started)
We've come …………………………………………………………………………………… I think.
J - COMMON WORD
1. She's ……………… the truth a little by saying the traffic made her late for work today.
While we were ………………our legs on the platform, our train pulled out!
There were lines of stationary cars ……………… as far as the eye could see.
2. We didn't see a(n) ……………… lion, though we drove around the game reserve for hours.
I'm on the look-out for a rich, ……………… man who needs a wife.
We only bought ……………… tickets because we're not sure when we're coming back.
3. There was an emergency at the airport because an incoming aeroplane couldn't get its landing
………………
down.
My car got stuck in second ……………… and had to drive home at 15 mph.
We must start getting into ……………… for the exhibition next week.
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4. In all countries, the capital city is the ……………… of government.

The Liberal Party gained one extra ……………… in last week's local election.
If my family organises a holiday, I always take a back ……………… and let them get on with it.
5. The party now in ……………… has promised to investigate government corruption.
I would have done anything in my ……………… to help you if you'd only asked me.
Before the advent of trains, horse ……………… was the most common method of transport.
6. Our village is much quieter since they diverted the ……………… road to the south.
He took so long to get to his ……………… point that lost the thread of the argument.
This sentence is not complete because you have no ……………… clause.
READING
K - MCQ CLOZE TEST
ORGANIC FOOD
In many parts of the world large (1) ……………… of the community share the view that organic food is not
only more environmentally friendly than inorganic but that it tastes better. There is certainly a(n) (2)
………………of truth in the former-let us not forget the lessons of DDT-but I think we should keep things in
(3) ……………… . A farmer friend of mine once handed me two peaches with the words, "One was
organically grown, one inorganically. See if you can tell which is which." So I cut a (4) ……………… of
each and I couldn't discern a(n) (5) ……………… of difference. I wonder what (6) ……………… the general
population could, either.
1.a.fractions b. sections c. aspects d. portions
2.a. proportion b. aspect c. fraction d. element
3.a. fraction b. proportion c. share d. portion
4. a. segment b. section c. proportion d. share
5. a. portion b. segment c. fraction d. element
6.a. aspect b. percentage c. segment d. share
L - MCQ CLOZE TEST

STEW
When preparing a typical English stew, pour a couple of tablespoons of olive oil into an oven dish. (1)
……………… half a kilo of beef and stir in. (2) ……………… a few carrots into bite-size pieces and place
on top of the meat. (3) ……………… a kilo of potatoes and a few onions, (4) ………………, and place
neatly on top of the meat and carrots, Add a pint of water, a pinch of salt, one beef cube and place in a
moderate oven for 2½ hours. When serving, a little (5) ……………… cheese can be (6) ………………
lightly over the dish to add extra flavour.
1.a.Spread b.Snip c.Mince d.Beat
2.a.Mince b.Carve c.Crush d.Chop
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3.a.Peel b.Spread c.Grate d.Mince

4.a.carve b.slice c.spread d.grind
5.a.crushed b.snipped c.grated d.beaten
6.a.diced b.spread c. carved d. chopped
UNIT 7 - REVISION GRAMMAR

1. They are feeding all the new data into the computer now. (fed)
All …………………………………………………………………………………… into the computer now.
2. Go over these figures again before we send out the documents. (are)
These figures …………………………………………………………………before we send out the
documents.
3. Didn't they offer her that job at the law firm? (position)
Wasn't …………………………………………………………………………………… at the law firm?
4. We expected them to have booked and paid for the hotel. (been)
We expected …………………………………………………………………………………… paid for.
5. They say that he was working for the secret service. (claimed)
He ……………………………………………………………………………………for the secret service.
6. I can't remember reading this poem before. (recollection)
I ……………………………………………………………………………………this poem before.
7. It just made the situation worse when she blamed the boss for the error. (flames)
She just ……………………………………………………………when she blamed the boss for the error.
8. They arrested an employee because they thought he knew something about the theft. (connection)
An employee …………………………………………………………………………………… the theft.
9. We'll have to investigate this complaint soon. (looked)
This …………………………………………………………………………………… soon.
10. I'm glad Mark was fired; he deserved it. (coming)
I'm glad Mark was fired; ……………………………………………………………………………………him.
N - OPEN CLOZE TEST
In the (1) ……………… of many people who knew him, Lawrence had a very strange childhood.For a long
time he was under the misapprehension that his grandmother was his mother, as his mother was alleged to (2)
……………… disappeared to America when Lawrence was only three, so he had (3)………………
recollection of her. As a child he was apt to be left alone and had no (4) ……………… of the existence of two
other brothers and a sister. He had great difficulty (5) ………………making friends. His father had money to
50
(6) ……………… - he was suspected (7) ……………… having robbed more than one bank in the past. In (8)
……………… to that, he was (9) ……………… to have connections with the underworld. Fortunately,
Lawrence didn't have a (10) ……………… about any of this and had nothing to (11) ……………… with his
father's affairs. At school he was an excellent pupil and had a good (12) ……………… of most subjects. He
had no difficulty in exams and was even credited with getting the highest mark ever in English Literature. It
was on his eighteenth birthday that he learned all. He was so angry with his father that he had a (13)
……………… mind to (14) ……………… a go at him for everything he had done but resisted, even though
he thought his father had it (15) ……………… to him.
COMMON WORD & VOCABULARY

1.It's much easier to pour cold ……………… on a plan than to think up something oneself.
We had good times in India but those years are ……………… under the bridge now.
It sounds plausible but I don't think your theory holds ………………, you know.
2.We tried to keep it a secret but dad got ……………… of it somehow.
Hearing the police sirens put the ………… up the getaway driver and he took off without waiting for the
others.
We nearly always get rain when the ……………… comes from the west.
3.There was a(n) ……………… fall of snow during the night.
I don't know why you're making such ……………… weather of this when it's really quite simple.
He was a brilliant lecturer but rather unreliable because of his ……………… drinking.
4.Ted says he wants to move to Australia, but that's just pie in the ……………… talk.
He said the ………………was the limit, so let's not worry about the expense.
I'm going to climb the mountain, swim in the lake and sleep under the open …………… for two whole
weeks.
5.In ……………… with many European countries, France has raised the retirement age for women.
How people react to catastrophe is a(n) ………………theme in John Wyndham's books.
Red Admiral butterflies used to be very ……………… in Britain but they're rarely seen these days.
6.I see problems ……………… for you if you persist in behaving like this.
If we finish the budget ……………… of schedule, we can have the weekend off.
The new Pentium chip is streets ……………… of anything else on the market.
7.I think you'll find that Freddie had a(n) ……………… in this plan as well as Dick.
I have to ……………… it to you - you're a genius!
Make sure you have the upper ……………… right from the beginning or you'll never control this class.
8.We'd better make an early ……………… if we want to get everything done.
After a false ……………… or two, we began to work smoothly together.
51
Peter learned Latin at school, which gives him a head ……………… with Italian.
9.The dog will remain motionless until the word of ……………… is given.
His financial experience coupled with his ……………… of Japanese makes him the ideal candidate.
He was given ………………of the police dog training unit.
10.He stared at me with not a spark of ……………… in his eyes.
She was given an award in ……………… of her work with underprivileged children.
My home town has changed out of all ……………… since was young.
11. The history of man will have to be rewritten in the ………… of new archaeological discoveries in
Syria.
He makes ……………… of his efforts but I know he works very hard.
I was so tired I went out like a(n) ……………… as soon as I lay down.
12.Let's discuss the matter and clear the ………………, shall we?
All our plans are up in the ………………at the moment, but we'll make a decision soon.
Settle down, everybody; we'll be on the ……………… in twenty seconds.
………………………………………………..****************………………………………………………..
UNIT 8 - REPORTED SPEECH

1. "Why don't you ever act on my advice?" mother said to me. (never)
Mother wanted ………………………………………………………………………. on her advice.
2. "How about spending the weekend at my cottage?" Beatrice said. (invited)
Beatrice ………………………………………………………………………. at her cottage.
3. "She will be back by midnight tomorrow," he says. (that)
He says ………………………………………………………………………. tomorrow.
4. "Let me help you with your luggage," Eric said. (offered)
Eric ………………………………………………………………………. luggage.
5. "No, I didn't leak this information to the press," she said. (leaking)
She ………………………………………………………………………. to the press.
6. "I'm really sorry I threw away your notebook," John said. (for)
John ………………………………………………………………………. my notebook.
7. "I don't think you had better go to India alone," Julie's mother said to her. (discouraged)
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Julie's mother ………………………………………………………………………. alone.

8. "Don't move or I'll shoot!" the bank robber said to the clerk. (threatened)
The ………………………………………………………………………. he moved.
B - IN OTHER WORDS
"Lose weight Judy, or I'll fire you!" Judy's boss ………………………………..
……………………………………............
"Yes, all right. I'll try and lose 15 kilos." She ………………………………………..
…………………………………………….
"But I must say I've been on diets But she …………………………………...
before and they've never worked." …………………………………………….
"Why don't you go and see a Her best friend
……………………………
dietician?" her best friend said. …………………………………………….
"Don't forget you have to take this The dietician ………………………….…..
diet seriously," the dietician said. …………………………………………….
"Come on, dear, stick to your diet," her Her husband ……………...………………
husband sald. …………………………………………….
"Yes, dear, I will." She ……………………………….………
…………………………………………….
"But it takes so much will-power. But she …………………………………...
………….…………………………………
"I'm not giving up ice cream - my favourite treat! She ………………..………………………
…………………………………………….
*Use these reporting verbs: agree, suggest, refuse, complain, threaten, admit, remind, promise, encourage
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS
1. "What an excellently organised office you have!" Mary said to David. (complimented)
Mary ………………………………………………………………………. office.
2. "As you are not feeling well today, Kathy, you don't have to do the test," said the teacher. (excused)
Kathy's teacher …………………………………………………………. as she wasn't feeling well that day.
3. "Let her stay and finish it as it's her job," he said. (should)
He said she ………………………………………………………………………. her job.
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4. Mandy said, "I wish I had not accepted that job offer." (expressed)
Mandy ………………………………………………………………………. that job offer.
5. Alison said, "I'm sorry I didn't call you last night, Linda." (apologised)
Allson ………………………………………………………………………. the night before.
6. Lisa said, "Helen! What a fantastic surprise to see you!" (gave)
Lisa ………………………………………………………………………. when she saw Helen.
7. Jim said, "Thank God you're alive, Sarah!" (sigh)
Jim ………………………………………………………………………. that Sarah was alive.
8. Alice said, "Thank you very much for everything you've done for me," (gratitude)
Alica ………………………………………………………………………. for her.
DAY NIGHT CLOCK
(in) the good old days = wonderful burn the midnight oil = put / tum the clock back = return
past times study/work until late at night to an earlier age, old-fashioned
ideas, etc.
in this day and age = in these (in) the dead of night = (in) the
modem times quietest part of the night on the stroke of (midnight) = at
exactly
have seen better days = be in a (be) a night owl = sb who stays up
worse /poorer state than before late regularly have a minute to call one's own =
have any time to oneself
in the small hours = after
midnight
Consider yourselves lucky children that we can't turn the clock back to the good old days, when teachers
could punish children however they liked.
1. "We're going to work all night to get this finished in time, Marianne said. (oil)
Marianne said ………………………………………………………………………. to get it finished in time.
2. "I heard the car pass at midnight exactly, officer," the witness said. (stroke)
The witness told the officer that he heard…………………………………………………………….midnight.
3. "I've been too busy all day to do anything for myself," Julie said. (minute)
Julie complained that ………………………………………………………………………. all day.
4. "I sometimes wish I could go back to the days of my youth," grandma said. (clock)
Grandma says she sometimes ………………………………………………………. to the days of her youth..
5. "Ian stays out very late and never gets home before dawn," his mother said to me. (owl)
His mother told me that ………………………………………………………… never got home before dawn.
6. "Nobody washes clothes by hand these days, Mum," Wendy said: (age)
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Wendy told her mother that …………………………………………………………………. clothes by hand.

7. "My poor old car is past its best so I must sell it, Harry," Fred said. (days)
Fred told Harry that ………………………………………………………………………. so he had to sell it.
8. "Do you remember the great times we had when we had money, Stanley?" Marilyn said, (old)
Marlyn asked Stanley ………………………………………………………………… when they had money.
UNIT 8 - USE OF ENGLISH

E - DERIVATIVES
SPACE
"We are not alone," say (1) ……………, and today, as our SCIENCE
(2) …………… of planets beyond our solar system increases, KNOW
it can (3) …………… be said that, amid the billions of stars in SAFE
billions of galaxies, life, not (4) …………… started elsewhere EXPECT
besides earth. Space (5) …………… , however, took a back seat EXPLORE
when, in 1969, Apollo was (6) …………… by missions with space REPLACE
shuttles, which were considered more (7) …………… for space USE
programmes. Moon bases could make (8) …………… starting EFFECT
points for missions into deep space, but the (9) …………… is, DIFFICULT
as always, that (10) …………… no country is willing to finance them. FORTUNE
F - MCQ CLOZE TEST

A JOB ABROAD
When the boss (1) …………… to offer Jack a rise in salary on the (2) …………… that business was slow,
Jack told him that he (3) …………… look for another job. His father reminded him that there (4) ……………
lots of jobs in the papers and advised him to (5) …………… the advertisements (6) …………… the off-
chance that he'd find something. Jack admitted (7) …………… interested in a job abroad and resolved to put
finding a job (8) …………… . A week or so later he noticed a job in the papers that (9) ……………a good
salary to the right person who was prepared to teach abroad. It explained that the contract would (10)
…………… for three years. He was slightly interested but what (11) …………… him was that rent,
electricity and water would be free. So when an interview was finally arranged, he did very well and a month
later a letter arrived stating (12) …………… the job was his, and that on (13) …………… of his acceptance
they would make travel arrangements for him to fly out. He was rather excited, to put it (14). ............When he
arrived, he found the students fun to teach and he enjoyed the climate and the people, all of which put (15)
…………… to any doubts he had as to whether he'd made the right decision. He wrote to his father saying he
might stay longer than three years, and twenty years on he is still there.
1. denied/argued / refused 6. on/in/for 11. convicted/conveyed / convinced
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2. grounds/reason/ behall 7.be/been/being 12. for/as/that

3. will/was/would 8. top/front/first 13. receipt/terms/reflection
4.had/were/gave 9. wamed/advised/promised 14. differently/ straight/mildly
5. reading/read/have read 10. bear / last / endure 15. right/paid/force

1. He's a rude little boy and you should correct him more often. (place)
He's a rude little boy and ………………………………………………………………… more often.
2. She grew too tall to be a ballerina. (paid)
Her height ………………………………………………………………… career as a ballerina.
3. I'd rather do this alone, if you don't mind. (own)
I'd prefer ………………………………………………………………… if you don't mind.
4. My husband may be able to fix the calculator so I'll take it home. (off-chance)
I'll take the calculator home ………………………………………………………………… can fix it.
5. She said she was going to Scotland and couldn't work on Saturday. (grounds)
She said she couldn't work on Saturday …………………………………………………………… to Scotland.
6. He works all the time without being told what to do. (initiative)
He ………………………………………………………………… all the time.
7. As I'm paying for the work, you'll do it as I want. (terms)
You ………………………………………………………………… as I am paying for it.
8. I'd better warn Bob that the boss is on her way to his office. (guard)
I'd better ………………………………………………………… because the boss is on her way to his office.
9. As soon as you get your orders, report to the army base. (receipt)
Report to the army base ………………………………………………………………… your orders.
10. I suppose I'll have to pop in to the Christmas office party. (appearance)
I suppose I'll ………………………………………………………………… the Christmas office party.
H - COMMON WORD
1. I'm afraid grandma doesn't approve of games of ……………, Charles.
I could have told you that you didn't stand a(n) …………… with that girl.
We went to the theatre on the off …………… that there would be a few tickets left.
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2. Everyone here today played a(n) …………… in our success.

I enjoyed bits of the book but for the most …………… it was pretty boring.
There was no objection on the …………… of the board so new working hours were introduced.
3. The new mayor's wife has become a(n) …………… to be reckoned with in our community.
I watch TV every evening from …………… of habit, really.
A new law controlling ownership of guns is to be put into …………… shortly.
4. Jim's been on the …………… and narrow since he came out of prison.
It was hard to keep a(n) …………… face when Aunt Edith fell into the fish pond.
I think it's time we put things …………… between us, Fred.
5. To …………… it mildly, he rarely reaches his own low standards.
Why must she …………… on airs whenever my boyfriend comes?
I'd like to help you, but I must …………… my own family first.
6. The other horses were fast, but Red Rum held his …………… and won the race.
One of these days I'll get my …………… back for what you have done.
He never does anything on his …………… initiative, you know.
UNIT8 - TOPIC VOCABULARY EXPRESSIONS & IDIOMS

1. The police took him to the station to be questioned. (custody)
The police ………………………………………………………………… questioning.
2. They chose John because he was the only one who spoke French (scales)
It was his knowledge ………………………………………………………………… in John's favour.
3. If the jury decides he committed the crime, he will go to prison. (guilty)
If he …………………………………………………………………, he will go to prison.
4. "The manager took the money," said the bank employee. (finger)
The bank employee ………………………………………………………………… taking the money.
5. As from Monday, I won't work on anything but the accounts. (undivided)
As from Monday I'll give ………………………………………………………………… to the accounts.
6. How dare you say my work isn't good enough! (sit)
How ………………………………………………………………… my work!
7. Daniel looks so innocent that he never gets punished for anything. (murder)
Daniel ………………………………………………………………… because of his innocent face.
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8. Gary is only waiting for the right opportunity to hand in his notice. (biding)
Gary ………………………………………………………………… until he hands in his notice.
9. The dog stole the sausages while the butcher was busy. (off)
The butcher was too busy ………………………………………………………………… the sausages.
10. He is worried in case the accident was his fault. (conscience)
He ………………………………………………………………… about the accident.
J - COMMON WORD
1. This Information must not be written down, but …………… to memory.
The seriator hasn't …………… himself to either of the parties yet.
This murder was definitely …………… by a left-handed person.
2. If you …………… the exam in June, you will have the results by August.
You will be more comfortable if you ……………up straight and put your feet flat on the floor.
How dare he …………… in judgement on me when he knows nothing about me!
3. Her failure to help had been on her …………… for some time.
Dad's …………… was troubled by what he had said to gran.
What I did was right so I don't have a guilty ……………about it.
4. They didn't have an easy …………… of it when they were young.
I'd like to move at some point, but for the …………… being I'll stay here.
He says he's a reformed person, but only …………… will tell if that is true.
5. I love shopping for clothes but it's …………… on the feet!
They weren't charged with …………… because the victim had died of natural causes.
We all get away with …………… in Miss Ferndale's class.
6. The little boat …………… over as I stepped into it.
Do you think it was my charming personality that ……………the scales in my favour?
The burglar ……………the cabinet against the wall and released the drawers from underneath.
READING
K - MCQ CLOZE TEST
MOTHER-IN-LAW
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When Helen first Introduced me to her mother, she took an instant (1) ……………to me, and poured (2)
…………… on my every attempt to be friendly and sociable. She met all my offers to help around the house
with (3) …………… and when we were in company greeted with (4) …………… all my attempts at
conversation. Today, although she looks with (5) …………… on my lowly position with the company, I bear
no (6) …………… towards her.
1.a.dislike b.denial c.disgust d.opposition
2.a.derision b.dislike c.scorn d.objection
3.a.denial b.opposition c.disgust d.dislike
4.a.derision b.objection c.animosity d.denial
5.a.objection b.dislike c.opposition d.contempt
6.a.denial b.scorn c.animosity d.dislike
L - MCQ CLOZE TEST

WHAT A NIGHT
We must have made a funny pair, me (1) …………… from side to side, after having drunk far too much beer,
and my sister (2) …………… along on her ridiculously unstable high-heeled shoes, giggling hysterically.
Suddenly I (3) …………… over a figure lying on the pavement. Could it really be the boss? Yes, it was. I
helped him to his feet and he continued unaided in the direction of his home. I (4) …………… on, my foot
hurting, until I reached the front door.
"Ssh," said to my sister as we (5) …………… through the front door. "Whatever you do, don't make a noise,
and don't forget to (6) …………… upstairs or you'll wake my wife and the baby."
1. a. strolling b. plodding c. staggering d. striding
2.a. tottering b. tiptoeing c. shuffling d. pacing
3.a. staggered b. stumbled c. skipped d. trudged
4.a. crept b. paced c. hobbled d. strode
5.a.strolled b.crept c. strode d. skipped
6. a. shuffle b. plod c.tiptoe d. pace

1. "Don't drink water from the well; it's polluted," he said. (against)
He ………………………………………………………………… as it was polluted.
2. "It's all Don's fault that we lost the game!" Jeff said. (for)
Jeff ………………………………………………………………… the game.
3. So as to make everybody feel at home, she offered them a drink. (ease)
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In order ………………………………………………………………… she offered them a drink.

4. I'm afraid I'm in too much of a hurry to talk about this now. (pressed)
I'm afraid ………………………………………………………………… talk about this now.
5. "I'm afraid you'll have to do this work again right away," said Peter. (scratch)
Peter told ………………………………………………………………… right away.
6. Nobody can decide if the new working schedule is a good thing or not. (jury)
The ………………………………………………………… the new working schedule is a good thing or not.
7. His skiing accident ruined any chances of his competing in the Olympics. (paid)
His skiing accident …………………………………………………………………competing in the Olympics.
8. Don't condemn her for something she may not have done when she's not here to tell us. (try)
Don't ………………………………………………………………… for something she may not have done.
9. Their swimming pool cost them an absolute fortune. (staggering)
They ………………………………………………………………… for their swimming pool.
10. I can't continue to work at such speed. (pace)
I can't …………………………………………..………………… at work.
N - OPEN CLOZE TEST
- Hank Hadson, your critics accuse you of having too many (1) ……………… in the fire: writer,director,
artist, international sportsman. You are on first-name terms with kings and presidents.You have a good (2)
……………… of five languages and now you are on the point (3) ……………… marrying your fourth wife.
Quite an exciting existence, to (4) ……………… it mildly.
- Well, let me put you (5) ……………… on that now. Not to put too fine a (6) ……………… on it, it hasn't
been easy keeping everyone happy. My first wife (7) ……………… to leave me if I didn't give it all up,
whereas my second wife begged me to do even more. My third wife divorced me on the (8) ………………
that I didn't want a family.
- And your future wife?
- I'm very lucky. My fiancée has agreed that I should put my career (9) ………………, which I think is
generous on her (10) ………………, I'm lucky she's willing to live life on my (11) ………………, although
at (12) ……………… it must be difficult.
- So, what's next?
- Well, for the (13) ……………… being I'm going to take it easy. I've got a few films planned, but I'll (14)
……………… all that in my stride.
- Will you be putting in a(n) (15) ……………… at next month's Oscar ceremony?
- I don't know yet. We'll see.
- Well, thanks, Hank, and good luck.
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VOCABULARY
O - COMMON WORD
1. Valentino was an actor in the twenties, and that's long before my ………………, Hilary.
He had some ……………… on his hands, so he tidied the garden for us.
I'm killing ……………… by reading my old magazines.
2. He has ……………… charges against the burglar for the unnecessary damage he caused.
I've ……………… all your clothes and put them ready in your suitcase.
We are too ……………… for time to repair your car today, Mrs Smith.
3. As the lorry ……………… off, a box of video cameras fell off.
Grandad always ……………… with the times, so he never seemed old.
The misery that we saw after the earthquake ……………… us to tears.
4. Water ……………… out of the bottom of the washing machine and flooded the kitchen.
The new boss ……………… cold water on every suggestion I made.
We would be rich now if you hadn't ……………… scorn on my ambitions.
5. You get paid the same salary as me, yet you never do a(n) ……………… of work.
It was a(n) ……………… of genius opening a fast food café outside the bus station.
The train goes past on the ……………… of seven every morning.
6. The new method of learning lays greater ……………… on using language rather than leaming grammar.
The ……………… falls on the last syllable in this word.
We were all put under great ……………… during the takeover of our company.
7. As far as performance goes, Ferraris are ……………… to none.
It's ……………… nature to look carefully before you cross the road.
Spain sounded good for a holiday but on ……………… thoughts I decided to go to Italy.
8. The troops' use of ……………… was heavily criticised by the press.
New laws are to be put into ……………… to protect citizens against unscrupulous builders.
The police ……………… is recruiting well-educated young men and women.
9. The new musical is ……………… to packed houses in the north of England.
He suddenly realised that knew about his plan and was only ……………… along with him..
When Elliot pretends to have a coughing fit, you know he's just ………………for time.
10. She was so upset she couldn't even ……………… a smile.
They cheered so loud for the captain, thought they would ……………… the roof.
We ought to ……………… an objection to the high rent they want to charge now.
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11. The increase in crime is a(n) ……………… of the weakening of moral standards.
I caught sight of my ……………… in a shop window and was surprised at how thin I looked.
It seemed a good proposition but on further ……………… I decided not to risk my money on it.
12. It seemed that the ……………… of suspicion pointed at Martha.
Little Julie can twist her father round her little ……………… .
He only put the ……………… on his former partner to pay off an old score.
UNIT 9 - COMPARISONS
1. This flat is better fumished than I thought it would be. (well)
I didn't …………………………………………………………………. as it is.
2. We own 200 acres of farmland while our neighbours own only 100. (half)
Our neighbours …………………………………………………………………. as we do.
3. Animals are not such a great responsibility as children. (less)
Animals …………………………………………………………………. children.
4. It's more of a comedy than a thriller. (much)
It's …………………………………………………………………. a comedy.
5. I feel more nervous as the date of my operation gets nearer. (more)
The nearer …………………………………………………………………. nervous I feel.
6. Robert is richer than his brother, according to the business section in the paper. (two)
Of ……………………………………………………………., according to the business section in the paper.
7. My new job is more tiring than I thought it would be. (to)
I hadn't …………………………………………………………………. so tiring.
8. The Pacific Ocean is on average deeper than the Atlantic. (greater)
The …………………………………………………………………. than that of the Atlantic.
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B - IN OTHER WORDS
My two brothers are not alike at all. My two brothers are different.
Alfred works very hard, whereas nobody Alfred works like ……………………………….
in the world is as lazy as Arthur. …………………………………………………..
Arthur prefers to watch TV or read Arthur would ……………………………………
a book than do any work. …………………………………………………..
Arthur hasn't got as much energy as Arthur is far …………………………………….
Alfred. Alfred is more of a family man ………. . Arthur is ……………………………..
than Arthur. ………………………………………………….
Arthur is very happy the moment his The sooner………………………………………
wife leaves for work. ………………………………………………….
People, however, generally prefer Arthur. People think, ……………………………………
Alfred is half as generous as his Arthur is ………………………………………..
brother, for example. Arthur is also much …………. . Alfred is also by ………………….
more amusing than Alfred. ………………………………………………….
But I am better than either of them, But of …………………………………………..
according to my mother! ………………………………………………….
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS
1. I don't mind if I have a salad or a sandwich for lunch. (soon)
I'd …………………………………………………. sandwich for lunch.
2. There's no difference between this model and that one. (same)
This model …………………………………………………………………. that one.
3. They are easily the richest couple in Hong Kong. (far)
They are …………………………………………………………………. in Hong Kong.
4. Thirty-six people called on his birthday. Would you believe it? (than)
No …………………………………………………………………. called on his birthday. Would you believe
it?
5. You can't stay away for more than a week. (the)
A week …………………………………………………………………. away.
6. The minimum you'll pay for a room there is £80 a night. (no)
A room there …………………………………………………………………. £80 a night.
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7. Generally speaking, Dutch people are taller than Spanish people. (average)
Dutch people …………………………………………………………………., Spanish people.
8. This is not at all like the one I saw in the brochure. (totally)
This is …………………………………………………………………. in the brochure.
WORKSHOP-TOOLS
*run out of steam = have no energy/force left
*let off steam = get rid of excess energy or anger
*fly off the handle = lose one's temper
* work/go flat out = work hard without stopping in order to finish a job
* cut and dried = already decided
* spin sth out = make sth last as long as possible
*go at it hammer and tongs = argue noisily/violently
* throw/put a spanner in the works = cause a problem/delay in a process, plan, etc.
* hit the nail on the head = say exactly the right thing
I think this is all cut and dried-unless I throw a spanner in the works!

1. After sitting in the car all day, the children were full of energy and didn't want to go to bed. (steam)
The children needed ……………………………………………than go to bed after sitting in the car all day.
2. Let's just get started as quickly as we can and work out the details later. (wheels)
Let's …………………………………………………………………. possible and work out the detalls later.
3. We worked at top speed to finish the budget before Monday. (flat)
We …………………………………………………………………. to finish the budget before Monday.
4.We jogged all the way to the river but had to stop at the bridge. (steam)
We …………………………………………………………………. as the bridge.
5. We won't be given anything else to do today if we slow down a bit more on this job. (spin)
If …………………………………………………………………., we won't have to do anything else today.
6. Joanna put her finger on the problem when she said he was scared. (nail)
Joanna …………………………………………………………………. when she said he was scared.
7. Graham lost his temper when the profits were less than expected. (handle)
Graham ……………………………………………………………….when the profits were less than expected.
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8. Whatever we plan to do, Jack will stop us. (spanner)

Jack always …………………………………………………………………. whenever we plan to do
something.

E - DERIVATIVES
AFRICAN BUSH
Working in the African bush can be very (1) …………….. unless RISK
one observes certain (2) …………….. measures that should be PROTECT
taken. If you earn your (3) …………….. in the open and LIFE
sleep out at night, a fire will be (4) …………….. to keep REQUIRE
animals, such as hyenas, away from the immediate (5) …………….. SURROUND
You should (6) …………….. shake your shoes out in the VARY
moming because scorpions (7) …………….. take up residence OCCASION
in them. Be ever (8) …………….. for snakes, especially the WATCH
adders that (9) …………….. fall asleep in your path. Be wary FREQUENT
of rivers as crocodiles (10) …………….. lie close to the banks. REGULATE
F - MCQ CLOZE TEST

A RELATIONSHIP
Mary was by (1) …………….. the nicest girl John had ever met and (2) …………….. he usually preferred (3)
…………….. stay at home and watch TV, rather (4) …………….. go on walks and picnics, Mary was an
outgoing girl, and he found himself spending more and more of his time outdoors. Indeed, the (5)
…………….. he found himself in her company, the better he felt about the outdoor life. So it came as no (6)
…………….. to anyone when he asked her to marry him. By (7) …………….. Mary was an instructor on
outward-bound courses so by any (8) …………….. she was fit and strong. It (9) …………….. to the crunch,
however,when she invited John to go climbing one weekend and he was (10) …………….. no means happy
at the prospect. It was not (11) …………….. much that he lacked fitness as the fact that he feared heights. As
(12) …………….. as he looked down from a height of three metres, he realised he had no choice (13)
…………….. to return to the ground, and when they were back in camp, Mary suggested that they break (14)
…………….. their engagement and go their different ways. It was a case of two people liking each other but
having nothing in common and, in the end, he found TV twice (15) …………….. interesting, not to mention
safe, as life in the wild.
1. most/for/very 6. surprise/halt/senses 11. that / so/ very
2. when/whereby/whereas 7. career /profession/job 12. far/soon/much
3. than/of/to 8. levels/standards / grades 13. that/ but/other
4. of /on/than 9. reached/arrived /came 14. down/away/off
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5. long/ much /more 10. by/at/for 15. more/as/than

1. I quite expected you to fail your exams. (surprise)
It …………………………………………………….. that you failed your exams.
2. I slowly began to understand that he was a gifted child. (realisation)
I …………………………………………………….. that he was a gifted child.
3. He only began to behave sensibly once he had lost all his money. (senses)
He …………………………………………………….. losing all his money.
4. Nobody knows whether he will take part in the race or not. (means)
It is …………………………………………………….. that he will take part in the race.
5. He said it was a mistake, though I think he did it on purpose. (design)
I think …………………………………………………….., though he said it was a mistake.
6. It was a terrible blow when our business went bankrupt. (came)
It …………………………………………………….. when our business went bankrupt.
7. Everyone knows that Jesse Owens was one of the best athletes ever. (standards)
Jesse Owens …………………………………………………….. one of the best athletes ever.
8. The train drivers went on strike in support of the bus drivers. (sympathy)
The train drivers …………………………………………………….. the bus drivers.
9. We would be well and truly lost if you hadn't saved us. (rescue)
If …………………………………………………….., we would be well and truly lost.
10. He was promoted to captain because he was a fine leader. (virtue)
He was promoted …………………………………………………….. fine leadership qualities.
H - COMMON WORD
1. We were lucky enough to see a(n) ……………………. of dolphins swim by.
The kids are over the moon because ……………………. is out.
I don't subscribe to that ……………………. of thought.
2. He seems to have adopted middle ……………………. values.
As a tennis player she is in a(n) ……………………. of her own.
He showed he had no ……………………. when he asked her to pay for dinner.
3. It's an open and shut ……………………. as far as I'm concemed.
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The town has been evacuated in ……………………. of floods.

The customs opened his ……………………. and found the missing papers.
4. I'd like to teach him a(n) ……………………. he'll never forget.
I'm late for my driving ……………………. . I have to get going at once.
There's a(n) ……………………. to be learnt from this disaster.
5. Dad ……………………. a fit when he saw the damage I'd done to the car.
The Managing Director ……………………. out my ideas without even considering them.
The Principal ……………………. the book at the two students for being absent.
6. Oliver never bends the rules. He always goes by the ……………………., whatever happens.
One day that murderer will be brought to ……………………. for all his crimes.
Look him up in the ……………………. if you haven't got his number.
UNIT 9 - TOPIC VOCABULARY EXPRESSIONS & IDIOMS

1. Working with Tom has taught me a lot. (two)
I've ………………………………………………….. from working with Tom.
2. The firm will have to economise even more if it wants to keep its head above water. (belt)
The firm will ………………………………………………….. if it wants to keep its head above water.
3. This whole affair is a question of money, and nothing else. (boils)
This ………………………………………………….., and nothing else.
4. All that work Sheila did was wasted after all. (drain)
All that work ………………………………………………….. after all.
5. Why don't you get a part-time job like your brother? (leaf)
Why don't you ………………………………………………….. and get a part-time job?
6. Victoria Falls are unique for their beauty and grandeur. (class)
Victoria Falls ………………………………………………….. for beauty and grandeur.
7. If Neil doesn't make more of an effort around here, I'll ask him to leave. (socks)
If ………………………………………………….., I'll ask him to leave.
8. Being sent to prison several times taught Jack that crime doesn't pay. (hard)
Jack ………………………………………………….. that crime doesn't pay.
9. Grandad is very set in his ways so let him do it his way. (tricks)
You ………………………………………………….. so let grandad do it his way.
10. Are you sure you haven't taken on too much work this summer? (chew)
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Are you sure you haven't ………………………………………………….. this summer?

J - COMMON WORD
1. Do you still ……………………… junior school or are you at senior school now?
Why can some people not ……………………… to their own business?
The doctor instructed the nurse to ……………………… to the patient's wounds.
2. You have to pay £3 ……………………… in order to get into the ground.
To gain ……………………… to university you must do well in school exams.
By his own ……………………… he has never been any good at maths.
3. There is a(n) ……………………… range of leatherwork in that new shop.
My sister goes to the new ……………………… chool in September.
This is the most ……………………… report on annual sales figures I've ever seen.
4. The only way to gain experience is to learn the ……………………… way.
It was ……………………… on Henry when Helen walked out on him.
You strike a(n) ……………………… bargain but I'll buy it anyway.
5. Guy has had a metal ……………………… put in his leg until the bone heals.
I'm sorry but I can't help you out. I've got enough on my ……………………… as it is.
He's had it all handed to him on a(n) ………………………, so he's lucky.
6. Trudy seems to be going through a very bad ……………………… these days.
Why don't you put a(n) ……………………… on those jeans to cover the hole?
We skidded on a(n) ……………………… of ice and ran into a tree.
READING
K – MCQ CLOZE TEST
TRAVEL
There are a (1) ……………. of ways of travelling and you should be guided by an(n) (2) ……………. of
factors when choosing one mothod from another. For instance, your journey may (3) ……………. a couple of
days in a hot climate, in which case you will need lots of (4) ……………. for stopping and buying food and
drinks. Clearly, the car would be best for you. If your priority is being able to (5) ……………. your legs and
walk around occasionally, then take the train. But most certainly, if you hate being (6) ……………. In terms
of space and movement, then the plane is definitely not for you.
1.a.number b. range c. selection d. span
2.a.span b. extent c. variety d. selection
3.a.extend b. span c. stretch d. range
4.a.scope b. range c. span d. extent
5.a.span b. limit c. range d. stretch
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6.a.numbered b. ranged c. limited d. stretched

L - MCQ CLOZE TEST
BIRTHDAY BOY
Bacon, sausage and eggs were (1) ……………. on the stove when I heard the gate (2) ……………. on its
hinges and moments later a (3) ……………. at the door. My pal, Peter. "I just made a (4) …………….
decision to drop by," he said, "as it's my birthday." This was followed by the (5) ……………. of champagne
glasses. "At eight in the morning?" I asked doubtfully. "I smell bacon and eggs," was his reply, as he made his
way to the kitchen. I heard the (6) ……………. of plates and cutlery and as he returned, his plate steaming
with food, I said, "That was Barbara's breakfast."
1. a. buzzing b. sizzing c. rattling d. rustling
2. a. chink b. tap c. slam d. creak
3. a. knock b. slam c. squeak d. rustle
4. a. pop b. tap c. snap d.bang
5. a. rattling b. popping c. crackling d. clinking
6. a. rustle b. clatter c. crackle d. clink
UNIT 9 – REVISION GRAMMAR

1.The management’s statement does not confrom at all to previous policy. (contrast)
The management’s statement ……………………………………………………… all previous policy.
2.His biggest fear is losing his sight. (fears)
What ……………………………………………………… losing his sight.
3. Your son isn't stupid but he's very lazy, I'm afraid. (than)
Your son ………………………………………………………, I'm afraid.
4. At least 500 machinists went on strike in support of the miners. (came)
No fewer ……………………………………………………… with the miners.
5. I began to feel really scared when the dog came close. (more)
The ……………………………………………………… I felt.
6. I expected him to make a complete mess of it. (came)
It ……………………………………………………… that he made a complete mess of it.
7. The film is a drama, really, not a thriller. (as)
The film ……………………………………………………… a drama.
8. From what everyone says, he's been to prison at least five times. (fewer)
By all ……………………………………………………… than five times.
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9. I'll be happy as soon as the Democrats win the next election. (come)
The ……………………………………………………… happier I will be.
10. David is too boring to join us on a weekend camping trip. (blanket)
David's ……………………………………………………… to join us on a weekend camping trip.
N - OPEN CLOZE TEST
The train journey was coming to an end, and William got up to (1) …………… his legs and reflect some
more on the mess he was in. It had started (2) …………… as a practical joke than an act of malice, but
William was now paying the price. He had been kicked out of school. It had come as a great (3) ……………
to his parents, of course, and he was by no (4) …………… looking forward to facing them. The (5)
…………… he thought of seeing his parents, the more his spirits sank. It wasn't (6) …………… much that he
feared them, it was more the fact that he had let them down, and only by (7) …………… of an accident. He
and two friends had had the brilliant idea of hiding the headmaster's car- an old car, but (8) …………… any
standards a fine vehicle in a (9) …………… of its own. They knew he always left it unlocked in the school
car park and decided, as schoolboys do, to play a trick and push the car down the road, to hide it behind some
trees. What could be simpler (10) …………… that? Except, as they pushed, the car rolled faster and (11)
…………… William lost control of the wheel as he ran beside the car, and had to let go. They watched (12)
…………… horror as the 1956 Morgan careered down the country lane and (13) …………… to a sudden halt
when it met a solid English oak tree. That was it - his future in pleces, just like the car that lay down the road,
a twisted wreck of metal. His thoughts were interrupted (14) …………… the sight of the station platform.
The train had come to a (15) …………… . It was time to face the music.
VOCABULARY
O - COMMON WORD
1. I like his paintings because they are very …………… to life.
Mark's dreams came …………… when he got his first motorbike.
It didn't ring …………… when he said he was a teacher in Greece.
2. It took us all by …………… when Harry resigned from the company.
It came as no …………… when Marvin asked Diana to marry him.
Much to my ……………, Liverpool beat Manchester United last weekend.
3. Do you have any …………… change, as I'd like to buy a soft drink?
Oh no! The fridge door has come …………… again.
It was at a(n) …………… end last Saturday, so I went to watch Arsenal.
4. It was by no …………… easy for him when his wife went abroad.
She doesn't have the …………… to support another child.
He must be a man of …………… if he can buy another house like that.
5. I think AEK has a fighting …………… against Tottenham next week.
Do you by any …………… know where I can get a taxi?
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He doesn't stand a(n) …………… of passing Latin this summer.

6. Why do you keep leaving the phone off the …………… all the time?
He says he's going to Italy next July by …………… or by crook.
He fell for that story about me losing my money, ……………, line and sinker.
7. Whether he was good at his job or not is …………… now that he's left the firm.
She prefers …………… subjects to technical ones.
John is really enjoying the …………… life at university.
8. It's money down the …………… buying things you don't need.
Space technology is a big …………… on national resources.
Our …………… was blocked with leaves so we called the plumber.
9. We got soaking …………… as we walked home in that storm.
Try to enjoy yourself; don't be such a(n) …………… blanket all the time.
He's new to the job and as yet is a bit …………… behind the ears.
10. I reckon Venus Williams will …………… the floor with Sharapova in the final.
And you can …………… that smile off your face; this is serious.
Harry wants to …………… the slate clean and start all over again.
11. It costs the …………… to eat in that Italian restaurant on the corner.
Those guys are the salt of the ……………, even if they do get to work late.
The dogs have kicked up all the …………… in the flower beds again.
12. Excuse me, but I think I'll …………… my legs for a while.
Do you think your credit will …………… to a decent bottle of wine with the meal?
The only problem with Rupert is that he has a tendency to …………… the truth.
UNIT 10 - CLAUSES
1. In spite of the high temperature, they continued to work. (very)
Even …………………………………………………………………., they continued to work.
2. She was so relieved to find her missing dog that she cried with joy. (such)
It …………………………………………………………………. her missing dog, that she cried with joy.
3. No matter how sincere he may be, I don't think he will be believed. (may)
However …………………………………………………………………., I don't think he will be believed.
4. Despite the number of people, we catered for them all. (lot)
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Although …………………………………………………………………., we catered for them all.

5. The path was so slippery that we couldn't carry on walking up the mountain. (too)
It …………………………..…………….…………………….. carry on walking up the mountain.
6. The car was an old model but it could go surprisingly fast. (it)
In ............................................., the car could go surprisingly fast.
7. She was such a disciplinarian that the class never misbehaved. (much)
She was …………………………………………………………………. to misbehave.
8. Press that button and the lift will start. (moment)
The lift …………………………………………………………………. that button.
B - IN OTHER WORDS
Welcome to Greenstone National Park. Welcome to Greenstone National Park.
We have a number of rules so as to protect With the aim ……………………………………..
our visitors and our forests. ……………………………………………………
Because we want your visit to be enjoyable, So that ……………………………………………
come well prepared with suitable ……………………………………………………
clothing, food, drink and a good tent. ……………………………………………………
Please inform the game wardens what time So as not …………………………………………
you intend to set off on your walking trip, so ……………………………………………………
you do not cause them concern. ……………………………………………………
It might rain so take along a suitable coat In case …………………………………………..
and something to cover your head. ……………………………………………………
We had over 65 days of bad Lest ………………………………………………
weather last year in case you ……………………………………………………
think I'm exaggerating. ……………………………………………………
We don't want forest fires, so please cook To prevent ………………………………………..
in designated areas only. ……………………………………………………
We want to protect our wildlife, so So ………………………………………………..
hunting is strictly prohibited. ……………………………………………………
Now that I've explained all that, I wish you Having
…………………………………………….
all a pleasant stay. ……………………………………………………
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GRAMMAR ANALYSIS
1.Despite the fact that she had problems, she was a very happy person. (troubles)
For …………………………………………………… a very happy person.
2. It makes no difference how many times you ask him, he always forgets to do it. (matter)
No ……………………………………………………, he always forgets to do it.
3. However hard I try, I can't please the new supervisor. (as)
Try …………………………………………………… the new supervisor.
4. Although she tried very hard, she couldn't break the door open. (efforts)
Despite …………………………………………………… the door open.
5. The building was damaged beyond repair. (extent)
Such …………………………………………………… building that it could not be repaired.
6. He asked to see the manager because he wanted to get transferred to another branch. (view)
With …………………………………………………… he asked to see the manager.
7. I went to the bank to withdraw money from my account. (purpose)
I went to the bank …………………………………………………… from my account.
8. He is afraid he might forget the language completely, so he is taking a summer course. (fear)
He is taking a summer course …………………………………………………… completely.
MONEY AND BUSINESS

* bank on = depend on
* bargain for = be prepared for, expect
* go bankrupt = become (legally) unable to pay one's debts
* mean business = be serious about what one intends to do
* at the expense of = with damage to or loss of
* drive a hard bargain = insist on the best deal price for oneself
* below the asking price = at a cost less than sb has asked
*go on a spending spree = go shopping for pleasure and spend a lot of money
*raise the necessary capital = try to find/collect the money necessary to buy/pay for sth (eg. by getting a bank
loan)
*give/deserve/get the credit for = give/deserve/get approval or praise for
He had to give his wife credit her spending sprees were never minor affairs.
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1. We'll start our new business when we've found the money to do so. (capital)
As ……………………………………………………, we'll start our new business.
2. Despite our efforts, the company couldn't pay its debts and had to close. (bankrupt)
No matter …………………………………………………… anyway.
3. My father was serious when he told you not to come here again. (business)
My father …………………………………………………… when he told you not to come here again.
4. Even though she had no money, she went mad shopping on her credit card. (spree)
Despite her lack …………………………………………………… with her credit card.
5. I knew it was a risky investment, but I didn't expect to lose every penny. (bank)
Although I knew it was a risky investment, …………………………………………………… every penny.
6. I was aware it was hard work, but I didn't realise I had to work every weekend. (bargain)
I did not ……………………………………………………, though I was aware it was hard work.
7. He studied so hard to get his degree that he became ill. (expense)
He succeeded …………………………………………………… his health.
8. He was so persuasive that I ended up paying more for his car than I wanted to. (bargain)
He …………………………………………………… for his car.

E - DERIVATIVES
A SMALL DAUGHTER
When my small daughter behaves more (1) ……………… than is INTELLIGENCE
necessary, it usually involves some sort of (2) ……………… on my EXPEND
part and I have to be wary of her (3) ……………… . But if she INTEND
behaves (4) ……………… it is because I have refused a request CHILD
or favour and I feel like (5) ……………… her. In comparison MURDER
with my (6) ………………, hers may be very simple ones whose AMBITIOUS
fulfilment gives her just as much (7) ………………, and she will PLEASE
make a great (8) ……………… about it if the importance of them SCENIC
is (9) ……………… . And if she is in the bedroom or kitchen and INTERPRET
all I hear is a (10) ……………… hush, I know she's up to no good. DIE

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F- MCQ CLOZE TEST

BUTTERFLIES
As (1) ……………… as he could remember, he had been interested in butterflies, but not until he was 18 (2)
……………… Peter begin collecting them. It was their great beauty that attracted him and (3) ………………
was his enthusiasm that at weekends, no (4) ……………… how busy he was, he would get his net out and go
off to the woods and fields. But you had to get the (5) ……………… of using the net, because (6)
……………… careful you were, it was easy to damage a creature as delicate as a butterfly when it beat its
wings against the net's fabric. John got a (7) ……………… out of it all, but, (8) ……………… he was very
careful, by the (9) ……………… he got home some of his specimens were in poor condition and he would
throw them away. One day he was walking in tall grass and he was over the (10) ……………… when he saw
a rare swallowtail. He began to give chase, but (11) ……………… fast fliers are they that (12) ………………
all his efforts to keep up, it eventually eluded him. Tired (13) ……………… he was, he began to retrace his
steps when there rose before him a large, angry cobra, its hood fully extended. He was (14) ………………
himself with fear and as he was wondering how to (15) ……………… being attacked, the creature sank to the
ground and fled.
1. much / far/ long 6. whatever/whoever / however 11. very/such/most
2. was/did/had 7. hang/kick/gist 12. in spite / spite / despite
3. such/most/so 8. although / however / despite 13. much/ though/despite
4. what /matter/much 9. point/time/way 14. next/beside / beyond
5. gist/knack/kick 10. hill/sun/moon 15. prevent/deter / avoid

1. I became interested in wildlife when I lived in Africa. (taste)
I …………………………………………………………………. when I lived in Africa.
2. I think hang-gliding is a marvellous sport, although I don't do it very often. (kick)
I really …………………………………………………………………., though I don't do it very often.
3. The customer was so angry he could barely speak. (beside)
The …………………………………………………………………. anger.
4. That cash dispenser hasn't worked for weeks. (order)
That cash dispenser …………………………………………………………………. for weeks.
5. Although he protested, he was fired immediately. (hand)
He …………………………………………………………………. despite his protests.
6. He is definitely guilty. (shadow)
It is …………………………………………………………………. that he is guilty.
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7. You'd better get yourself under control before the headmaster gets here. (grip)
You'd better …………………………………………………………………. before the headmaster gets here.
8. I always beat dad when we play chess. (better)
I …………………………………………………………………. whenever we play.
9. He wasted hours because he didn't understand the instructions. (stick)
He got …………………………………………………………………. and wasted hours.
10. I never managed to learn how to ski, no matter how hard I tried. (hang)
I …………………………………………………………………., no matter how hard I tried.
H - COMMON WORD
1. Jake made a good ………………………. when he went to live in London.
Get a(n) ………………………. on because we want to be finished well before six.
She's always on the ………………………., so it's difficult to contact her.
2. Susan gets a(n) ………………………. out of cooking Chinese food for her friends.
These drinks have quite a(n) ………………………., so go steady with them.
The board's decision was a real ………………………. in the teeth for the employees.
3. She made a(n) ………………………. for herself in the fashion industry.
He got a(n) ………………………. for being a miser when he refused to pay his share of the bill.
The new secretary goes by the ………………………. of "Zondra", if you'll believe that.
4. Save your ………………………. because I'm not interested in your excuses.
The new secretary is so pleasant; she's like a(n) ………………………. of fresh air.
Athletes are out of ………………………. by the time they finish an event.
5. Helen is tired of living in the ………………………. of her sister, who has made a success of life.
The tree cast a strange, frightening ………………………. across the window.
There is not a(n) ………………………. of a doubt that one day Blake will become a star player.
6. We have received a(n) ………………………. for three wedding cakes in one day.
The lift is out of ………………………. again and they only fixed it yesterday.
I want to put everything in good. ………………………. before go on holiday.
UNIT 10 - TOPIC VOCABULARY EXPRESSIONS & IDIOMS

E - KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
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1. He wasn't quite so confident after you told him you were an Olympic boxer, was he? (salls)
Telling him you were an Olympic boxer …………………………………………, didn't it?
2. I can always rely on you to calm things down, Gina (oll)
I can always rely on you …………………………………………, Gina.
3. He speaks to me one day, but ignores me the next! (blows)
He ………………………………………… from one day to the next.
4. We shouldn't give up now after we've come so far. (towel)
We shouldn't ………………………………………… we've come so far.
5. I went to enormous trouble to find a wedding photographer in time. (hell)
I ………………………………………… to find a wedding photographer in time.
6. I wish you'd come to the point and tell me what's on your mind. (beating)
I wish ………………………………………… and tell me what's on your mind.
7. When that vinus got into my computer, I lost six months' work. (smoke)
Six month's work ………………………………………… when that virus got into my computer.
8. Whatever the problems, the tax returns must be in by Friday. (shine)
Come …………………………………………, the tax returns must be in by Friday.
9. Things are quiet at the moment but we'll soon be working flat out. (calm)
This ………………………………………… and we'll soon be working flat out.
10. You'll have to make a decision soon, you know. (fence)
You ………………………………………… forever, you know.
J - COMMON WORD
1. There's only one good …………………. on this CD.
I've lost. …………………. of what I was talking about.
The beach is off the beaten …………………., so it's not easy to find.
2. Geraldine has a good ear for. …………………., which surprises me.
It was …………………. to my ears when I heard that Paula was coming.
It's now time for him to face the …………………. for his crimes.
3. I must find a(n). …………………. to fix that leaking roof.
Stephen has a(n) …………………. of making people feel at home.
Let's take a map because I don't know the. …………………. to their house.
4. I …………………. you are not very happy here.
In spring we go for walks and. …………………. flowers.
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The storm clouds …………………., boys; the boss is mad about something.
5. Harry's hopes have gone up in …………………. now that he can't get a loan.
Do you feel like a(n). …………………. or have you given up again?
The kitchen filled with …………………. because mum forgot to watch the dinner.
6. You'll get into hot …………………. for taking your mum's purse.
Harry says he feels like a fish out of …………………. in that new job of his.
It's hard in business to keep your head above. …………………. when people have so little money.
READING
K - MCQ CLOZE TEST
DARKNESS
When I got home to my little cottage, it was dark. I put the hall and living room lights on, (1)
…………………. into an armchair, and began to (2) …………………. myself in work I had brought home
with me. After half an hour, I was about to get myself a drink, when the cottage was (3) ………………….
into darkness. My heart (4) …………………. in dismay as I considered possible reasons for the power cut,
and when I looked through the window and saw that my neighbours, who lived 100 metres away, still had
lights, my spirits went into a (5) …………………. . Something (6) …………………. to the floor in the hall
and as I reached for my cigarettes and matches that lay on the small table beside me, my hand brushed against
something cold and clammy.
1.a.collapsed b. submerged c. plunged d. declined
2.a.slump b. collapse c. dive d. submerge
3.a.declined b. plunged c. dropped d. sunk
4.a.slumped b. dived c. sank d. collapsed
5.a.drop b. slump c. decline d. dive
6.a.sank b. subsided c. plunged d. dropped
L - MCQ CLOZE TEST

A SURPRISE
When our son returned home that evening, his shirt was (1) ……………….. with something that clearly
moved. "What have you got there?" asked mum, and in reply he dipped his hand inside his shirt-front and
when it reappeared, it held a large, brown snake. We (2) ……………….. from him in fear, and what little hair
I had, for it was already (3) ……………….., stood on end. My wife was first to react. Pointing at the creature,
she gasped, "Get that thing out of here!" and then, recovering, she (4) ……………….. "Get it," she shouted,
"as far away from this house as possible. Now!" "Can I go," he asked, "to a party tonight?" The look on my
wife's face told him that his popularity around the house had suddenly (5) ……………….. and that his
chances of going anywhere had (6). ……………….. to zero.
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1.a.stretching b. bulging c. inflating d. swelling

2.a.dwindled b. shrivelled c. shrank d. receded
3.a.shrivelling b. receding c. plummeting d. dwindling
4.a.blew up b. swelled c. inflated d. stretched
5.a.shrivelled b. receded c. shrunk d. plummeted
6.a.receded b. declined c. dwindled d. shrivelled

1. Although he lost his job, he remained friends with the boss. (sack)
In …………………………………………………., he remained friends with the boss.
2. He was clever, but he ended up in prison anyway. (bars)
Despite …………………………………………………. anyway.
3. Charles began to gamble so much that he lost his house. (taste)
Charles. …………………………………………………. that he lost his house.
4. She learned French so that she could get a job in Paris. (aim)
She learned French …………………………………………………. a job in Paris.
5. We got involved in so many details that the meeting lasted for hours. (bogged)
We …………………………………………………. the meeting lasted for hours.
6. Even though his passport had expired, they allowed him to travel on it. (date)
Regardless of his …………………………………………………., they allowed him to travel on it.
7. He's a gentleman and would never swear in front of a lady. (much)
He's …………………………………………………. swear in front of a lady.
8. As soon as he recovered, he fell ill again with bronchitis. (feet)
No …………………………………………………. he fell ill again with bronchitis.
9. Trevor was furious when he found out about the rumour. (wind)
Trevor was beside …………………………………………………. the rumour.
10. Whatever you say, I'll find out the truth about this deception. (bottom)
I’ll …………………………………………………. matter what you say.
N - OPEN CLOZE TEST
- You know, Alan, it's high time you had a word with that new boy. In (1) …………………. of my telling
him to (2) …………………. cracking and rewrite his article, he still won't get a (3) …………………. on and
do it. We're well (4) …………………. schedule as it is, but his article is totally (5) …………………. of step
with the spirit of this magazine.
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- You may be right, Lucy, but let's not get off to a bad (6) …………………., shall we? He may need some
time to get the (7) …………………. of the job.
- Well, Alan, if you cast your mind back, I wasn't exactly (8) …………………. the moon when you took him
on.
- To be honest, there were some behind-the- (9) …………………. agreements. His uncle is head of the sales
department.
- Ah, now I (10) ………………….the message. That explains a lot. His uncle! There's another one who's over
the (11) …………………. and out of ideas. It's absolutely no wonder this magazine is (12) ………………….
the times and almost (13) …………………. of money.Anyway, that's beside the (14) …………………. right
now. What shall I do?
- If I were you, Lucy, I'd relax. Just don't let all this get the (15) …………………. of you.
VOCABULARY
O - COMMON WORD
1. Father Christmas carries a large …………………. of toys over his shoulder.
Fred got the …………………. for being continually late.
I'm going to hit the …………………., I'm so tired.
2. You'll have to run like the …………………. if you want to catch the 5 o'clock bus.
Luckily, police got …………………. of the robbery before it could take place.
It put the …………………. up the students when the exams were brought forward.
3. The …………………. fell out of his world when his wife left him.
The police are determined to get to the...........................of the present crime wave.
I've searched the house from top to …………………. for these old photos.
4. Do I detect Brian's …………………. in this unfortunate mess?
The crowd got out of. …………………. at the end of the match.
I never got a good …………………. when I play cards.
5. It's a big …………………. when you start your first job.
Great thinkers are always out of …………………. with the world about them.
I will support you every………………. of the way.
6. The fact that you missed the bus is beside the ………………., lad.
What's the.....…………… you're trying to make?
When you sit in the dentist's chair, you've reached the. …………………. of no return.
7. In my opinion, Sharon has absolutely no …………………. in clothes.
I'd like to give her a(n) …………………. of her own medicine.
Ralph got a(n) …………………. for the high life when he lived in Monte Carlo.
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8. I saw your cousin's. …………………. in the local paper.

The situation isn't just bad here; it's the same …………………. everywhere.
I'm not sure what's going on here. Can you put me in the …………………., please?
9. Rumours gather …………………. quickly if you don't put an early end to them.
Trying to keep up the. …………………. in a competitive world is emotionally exhausting.
The first part of the film lacks.…………………. but then it picks up.
10. Don't go off the. …………..….....end; I didn't intend to be late.
I want to paint the bedroom walls..................... blue.
That's quite a(n) …………………. wound, and I would go to the doctor's if I were you.
11. Customs officials found drugs in the …………………. bottom of a suitcase.
Having a large house often gives a(n) …………………. impression of the owner's wealth.
After a(n) …………………. start, Helen's business has done really well.
12. I just …………………. in as I was passing this way anyway.
Harry really …………………. a brick when he revealed that Lee had been at the party.
Maria's jaws …………………. open when Ivan told her Jeff was dating her sister.
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PHRASAL
DO
*do away with: get rid of, abolish, eliminate; murder (informal)
*do for: ruin a life or chance of success
*do in: kill; exhaust (informal)
*do out (in): clean out, tidy, decorate (in a style/colour)
*do out of: deceive in order to gain; prevent someone from having sth; cause someone to lose sth by cheating
*do over: clean, paint or redecorate, improve the appearance of attack and wound (informal)
*do with: need to use or have sth; be related/connected to
*do without: live/function in spite of not having sth
*do (good/well/badly, etc.) by: receive (good/bad) treatment
*do down: criticise
*do up: fasten, wrap; repair/improve sth; make oneself more attractive
*do well: be successful
Well, it’s like this officer. He did me out of a lot of money, so I did him in.
MAKE
*make up: invent; apply cosmetics to the face; become friends again; comprise/prepare
*make up for: compensate for
*make of: understand; have an impression of sb/sth
*make out: see/hear/understand sth; imply; give sb an impression; write (a cheque); manage, succeed
*make over: give possession of sth to someone officially
*make for: go in the direction of; help to promote/produce
*make off: leave quickly
*make into: change into
*make towards: go in the direction of
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*make off/away with: (steal/and) run away with

I don't know what to make of it, Doctor. Everybody seems to ignore me… Doctor?... Doctor?
1.The children don't need any new clothes this year. (without)
The children …………………………………………….. this year.
2. Scarcely had they managed to kill off all the rats in the village when the mice arrived. (done)
Scarcely. …………………………………………….. the rats in the village when the mice arrived.
3. When I last saw Jason he was going to the park. (making)
The last. …………………………………………….. the park.
4. The ferry was on its way to Italy when it developed trouble in the engine room. (for)
The …………………………………………….. it developed trouble in the engine room.
5. The landlord cheated them and wouldn't give them their deposit back. (out)
The landlord. …………………………………………….. deposit.
6. Burglars stole two valuable paintings from my uncle's house. (off)
Burglars …………………………………………….. from my uncle's house.
7. He tries to give the impression that he's in charge around here. (out)
He …………………………………………….. he's in charge around here.
8. They've refurbished the old cinema and it's now a supermarket. (made)
The old cinema has …………………………………………….. a supermarket.
9. That law is so out-of-date; they should change it. (did)
It's high …………………………………………….. out-of-date law.
10. I don't know how he'll ever compensate for what he's done. (make)
How …………………………………………….. he's done is a mystery to me.
VERBS
BEAR
*bear away: carry away; win (a prize); be seized by a feeling (passive)
*bear down on/upon: move directly towards; come towards threateningly; punish severely
*bear up: remain strong in time of difficulty
*bear off: carry away; push a boat away from shore; win (a prize)
*bear on/upon: have a connection with; affect
*bear out: support (what someone says)
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*bear with: show patience

I know this has no bearing on what we were talking about, but can you hurry up- there's something large
bearing down on us!
CAST
*cast about/around/round: search (anxiously) for
*cast aside: finish with, abandon
*cast away: be somewhere as a result of a shipwreck; throw away; finish with
*cast off: remove; free oneself from; set a boat free
*cast out: make someone leave (society/community, etc.)
*cast up: wash up on the shore (usually passive)
Bernie suddenly cast aside all plans to leave when a new person was cast away on his island.
1. It's amazing how she's managing to stay so strong during this difficult time. (up)
What amazes me is ………………………………………………. during this difficult time.
2. The strong wind carried off the kids' kite. (borne)
The kids' kite ………………………………………………. the wind.
3. It's time you got rid of some of your inhibitions. (cast)
I wish ………………………………………………. inhibitions.
4. The sailor threw back the rope and the boat moved out to sea. (cast)
The sailor ………………………………………………. out to sea.
5. What you say has nothing to do with what I'm discussing. (bear)
What you say ………………………………………………. discussing.
6. He lost control of his horse and it took him into the forest. (away)
He was ………………………………………………. when he lost control of his horse.
7. He was made to leave the secret society (cast)
He ………………………………………………. society.
8. Be a little patient and I'll explain everything to you. (bear)
If ………………………………………………. explain everything to you.
9. She's got rid of all her cares and worries. (cast)
She's. ………………………………………………. and worries.
10. I've been searching desperately for a new home help. (around)
I've been ………………………………………………. home help.
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PHRASAL
TAKE
take out: invite sb out socially; remove; produce sth from; obtain (official documents)
take over: gain control of; become in charge; show around
take up with: begin to be friendly with, hang around with
take after: have similar characteristics to (an older relative)
take to: begin to like; escape to; begin a habit
take in: deceive; understand; give a home to
take aback: surprise (usually passive)
take for: mistake for
take sb up on: accept sb's offer
take on: accept (work); employ
take up: begin to do (a hobby); use time/space
take off: remove; leave the ground/a place; imitate, have success
Well, he did say "take off"!
SHOW
show over/(a)round: take someone on a tour of a place
show through: be clear in spite of sth hiding it
show in(to): lead someone into a room or building
show up as: reveal the qualities of sth in time
show up: arrive; cause to be seen easily, make truth clear(in an unfavourable light);
make sb feel embarrassed in public
show off: draw attention to oneself / one's abilities
My brother likes to show off and show me up in front of my friends at the beach.
1.Everyone started laughing when Bert imitated the boss. (off)
Everyone burst ……………………………………………………………… the boss.
2. A German company has bought our factory. (taken)
Our factory. ……………………………………………………………… German company.
3. I knew he had a nerve, but I was shocked when he appeared at the wedding (up)
I knew he had a nerve, ……………………………………………………………… at the wedding.
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4. I think you should accept his offer of a job nearer home. (up)
I think you should.……………………………………………………………… a job nearer home.
5. I suggest you start a new sport; it will keep you occupied. (take)
Why ……………………………………………………………… to keep you occupied?
6. He's made friends with the kids next door. (up)
He's ……………………………………………………………… the kids next door.
7. He did not fool me in the least with his lies. (taken)
I was not in ……………………………………………………………… his lies.
8. She only embarrassed herself by screaming at him in the street. (up)
She only ……………………………………………………………… in the street.
9. The maid asked them to come in and directed them to the library. (shown)
They ……………………………………………………………… the maid.
10. He's accepted more work than he can finish in a week. (taken)
He's ……………………………………………………………… finish in a week.
VERBS
HAVE
have (sth) against: have a reason to dislike sth / sb; be a disadvantage to
have back: invite sb in return
have down: invite sb to stay at one's home (in the country)
have on: deceive someone for fun; have sth arranged to do
have out: settle a problem by talking freely
have over/(a)round: have someone visit your home
have up: take sb to court
have in: invite someone to your house; call someone to your house to work
I've got nothing against your friends, but don't expect me to have them back too quickly!
PUT
put off: postpone; discourage; deter; distract; switch off
put up: give accommodation to; erect; raise (prices)
put on: switch on; place (clothes) on body: be a nuisance; pretend; increase (weight); perform (a play)
put down to: explain the reason for sth; consider sth to be the cause of sth
put forward: suggest; move to an earlier date
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put out: stop sth burning; inconvenience

put down: record in writing; kill an animal out of mercy; pay as a deposit: make sb feel hurt;
express disapproval
put about: spread (often gossip)
put away: save money; eat/drink a lot, tidy up
put in: spend time; arrive (for a ship); contribute (money/time)
put across: explain
put up with: tolerate
put by: save money
put to: offer an idea; make sb do sth
I put Jason's lack of ability to concentrate down to his home life, Mr Greenway... Mr GREENWAY!
1. "Let's invite them down to the cottage for the weekend," said Rachel. (having)
Rachel suggested ……………………………………………………………… the weekend.
2. I'm going to settle this issue with her once and for all. (have)
I'm going ……………………………………………………………… once and for all.
3. I think I gained five kilos on that holiday. (put)
I must ……………………………………………………………… on that holiday.
4. The accounts manager has been taken to court for fraud. (up)
The accounts manager ……………………………………………………………… for fraud.
5. They discouraged me from moving to the north. (put)
They ……………………………………………………………… the north.
6. Let's have that meeting at an earlier date, shall we? (put)
Why don't. ……………………………………………………………… earlier date?
7. I'm sure George will give me a bed for the night. (up)
I'm sure ……………………………………………………………… the night.
8. I'd be grateful if you'd keep this to yourself for the time being. (put)
I'd be grateful ……………………………………………………………… for the time being.
9. The weather wasn't good enough for us to sail that day. (against)
We ……………………………………………………………… so we couldn't sail that day.
10. I won't tolerate her rudeness any more. (put)
I refuse ……………………………………………………………… any more.
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PHRASAL
COME
come across: find sth or meet sb by chance; be understood /received well
come about: happen; arise
come off: take place as planned; succeed; become detached
come into: inherit
come up with: think of, have an idea about
come (a)round: pay a visit; regain consciousness; change one's opinion
come in for: receive (criticism or praise)
come along: advance; improve; arrive
come by: obtain, receive accidentally
come out: appear; become known; be developed/published
come up: be mentioned; happen
come upon: discover by chance, come to mind
come apart: break into pieces
come under: be placed in a list or class, be controlled by
come down to: be reduced to its real meaning
Fred, this is your ex wife. Why don't you come round this evening? Ive come across a lovely photo of you F'd
love your new wife to have

1. The Foreign Minister was criticised for ignoring the plight of the refugees. (came)
The Foreign Minister ……………………………………………………… ignoring the plight of the refugees.
2. Sonny inherited a fortune when his grandfather died. (into)
Sonny ……………………………………………………………… when his grandfather died.
3. This is a bi-monthly magazine. (comes)
This magazine ……………………………………………………………… a month.
4. Where did you get this information? (come)
Where ……………………………………………………………… this information?
5. This case is the jurisdiction of the Federal Court. (under)
This case ……………………………………………………………… the Federal Court.
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6. He picked up the model plane and it broke into pieces. (came)

The model plane ……………………………………………………………… his hands.
7. How on earth did you think of that fantastic idea? (with)
How ……………………………………………………………… that fantastic idea?
8. His English seems to be improving. (along)
His English ……………………………………………………………… quite nicely.
9. A new tomb has been found by Austrian archaeologists. (come)
Austrian archaeologists. ……………………………………………………………… new tomb.
10. The essential thing here is how committed you are to the company. (down)
What it ……………………………………………………………… how committed you are to the company.
11. I don't understand how this situation arose so suddenly. (about)
I don't understand how ……………………………………………………………… so suddenly.
12. I found these old documents when was clearing out the bureau drawers. (came)
I ……………………………………………………………… when was clearing out the bureau drawers.
VERBS
GET
get down: make sb feel depressed; record in writing
get over: recover from; believe sth surprising; make sth understood
get at: criticise; reach; mean; imply
get by: exist, manage
get across: explain; become understood
get back: return/return to possession
get into: become involved in; enter / arive

get off: start; dismount; escape (serious) punishment
get onto: begin to discuss; contact or detect someone; board
get about/(a)round: spread; be able to travel / move
get (a)round: avoid (a difficulty)
get in: arive (home); be admitted to (a place)
get out: become known; produce or publish; say sth with difficulty; escape
get on: advance (in age); do well; become late /old; have a good relationship with
get on/along (with): be on good terms with; continue after interruption
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get in with: become friendly with people (who will probably help you)
get away: take a break
get away with: escape without punishment
get down/round to: begin to give serious attention to
get ahead: be successful
get (sth) over with: finish
get out of: avoid doing sth
get through: get to the end of; reach (a place); contact by phone
get up to: reach as far as; do sth bad or amusing
- Now, let's get down to brass tacks, Mrs Green. I'm determined that your son is not going to get away with
this continual misbehaviour.
- What do you mean you didn't get round to checking the bus timetable?
1. I get so depressed when I think of the coming winter. (gets)
The thought ……………………………………………………………… so much.
2. Did you make them understand what you wanted them to do? (get)
Did you ……………………………………………………………… them to do?
3. No matter how hard I try, I can't find the time or the energy to paint the fence. (round)
No matter how hard I try, ……………………………………………………………… the fence.
4. She's no longer young, is she? (on)
She ………………………………………………………………, isn't she?
5. I need to go on a longer holiday this year. (get)
I need ……………………………………………………………… this year.
6. I want to settle this matter once and for all. (over)
I want ……………………………………………………………… once and for all.
7. You have to work hard if you want to be successful in this life. (on)
You have to work hard ……………………………………………………………… in this life.
8. After a few ups and downs, their relationship now seems to be stable. (along)
After a few ups and downs, ……………………………………………………………… quite well now.
9. She knows her subject, but she just can't explain it very clearly. (get)
She knows her subject, ……………………………………………………………… very clearly.
10. He's determined to have a few days break. (away)
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He's ……………………………………………………………… a few days.

11. He was lucky that the judge only gave him a suspended sentence. (got)
He was lucky to ……………………………………………………………… a suspended sentence.
12. Let's continue with these corrections, shall we? (with)
Can we ………………………………………………………………, please?
PRACTICE CAE
PAPER 1: READING
PART 1
You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with educational issues. For
questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
SCHOOLING AND EDUCATION
Ask most people and they will tell you that 'education' is what happens in schools. Nevertheless, it has been
said that children interrupt their education when they go to school. The distinction between schooling and
education implied by this remark is important.
Education is far more than just schooling. We are constantly being educated in our everyday lives education
knows no bounds and can take place anywhere. Obviously, part of our education does take place in our
schools, but this is of the more formal kind. There is a whole universe of informal learning, too. In schools we
know more or less what to expect, but in the world of informal learning anything can happen. It's full of
surprises and has great unpredictability. You may meet a perfect stranger on holiday who will tell you about
his religion or the customs of his country, which could be quite foreign to you. In other words, your education
is a non-stop process from birth till death.
When you go to school, the boundaries are far more defined. It's a more formal process, and does not vary
tremendously wherever you may be. Children throughout the country start school at the same age, are taught
by an adult, do their homework, take exams and so on. The boundaries of the subjects being taught are by
definition limited by the formalised process of schooling.
1 What does the writer feel about school?
A What you learn there is fairly predictable.
B It can have a harmful effect on education.
C. Children would do better not to go to school at times.
D Children resent going there.
2 The writer's view is that

A education has little to do with schooling.
B the education system needs to be greatly reformed.
C there is too much emphasis on formal schooling.
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D going to school is only part of education.
EXTRACT FROM A NOVEL

The whole class stood round the teacher's chair, and listened carefully to the lesson, noticing how each girl
acquitted herself, and how each one reacted to being scolded or praised. It was English history, and I realised
the girl reading was the one had met earlier on the verandah. At the beginning of the lesson she had been at
the top of the class, but obviously she had committed some error of pronunciation or had mistaken her
historical facts, because she was suddenly sent to the bottom.
They discussed things had never heard about of nations and past times, of faraway lands, of nature and its
secrets. They spoke of books. How many they must have read! What an amazing store of knowledge they
possessed! They seemed very familiar with French names and French authors, but my amazement reached its
climax when the teacher asked one of the girls to recite a passage of Latin, which she managed with great
ease.
I worked as hard as could, and my success was noted. The more worked, the more easily the whole process
came to me, and in a few weeks was promoted to a higher class. In less than two months was allowed to
commence French and drawing. learned my first French verbs by heart, and sketched my first country scenes.
I dreamed about one day being ablo to translate the little French story book had been given. could not have
been happier.
3 The writer was amazed at
A how strict the teachers were.
B how irrelevant some of their studies seemed.
C how friendly the teacher seemed.
D the extent of the girls' knowledge.
4 Why was the writer allowed to start studying French?
A She showed a gift for languages.
B She showed great progress in class.
C She had been reading books in French.
D All the students eventually studied French.
TREKFORCE
Founded in 1990, Trekforce is a leading UK-based charity dedicated to delivering challenging programmes
consisting of sustainable projects, language teaching and cultural experiences in diverse environments, in
order to benefit the host country. We also offer language courses in the local language for all participants.
As experts in jungle expeditions, we offer a wide range of programmes, from one to five months long. Our
conservation expeditions last for one or two months and focus on the completion of a challenging and
worthwhile rainforest project, often in a remote location. Trekforce works in partnership with local
organisations, government departments, funding agencies and other scientific bodies, as well as being in close
contact with the British Army and local defence forces.
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Everyone who comes on a Trekforce expedition will soon appreciate that they are entering into an exciting
world vastly different from their own. Expeditions are not risk-free, but for every activity we carry out an
exhaustive risk assessment, which is fully briefed to the participants and which is constantly reviewed during
the expedition.
Trekforce offers a rare opportunity to its volunteers to work on a single project from start to finish during the
time overseas. There is considerable diversity in the type of projects that Trekforce work on, and each project
is on behalf of a local non-government organisation, international scientific organisation, or sometimes
government departments such as wildlife or tourism.
5 The primary aim of Trekforce is to
A let the participants learn new skills.
B raise money for charity.
C encourage cultural exchanges.
D bring about improvements in the country they are working in.
6 The writer describes a Trekforce experience as
A an adventure..
B a way for a participant to experience many diverse cultures.
C a fun-filled holiday.
D a way of dealing with potentially risky situations
PRACTICE CAE
PAPER 1: READING
PART 2
You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract.
Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (7-12). There is one extra paragraph which you
do not need to use.
THE NOBEL PRIZE REACHES ITS CENTURY

Every year a small selection of eminent people are awarded a Nobel Prize for their achievements.
Every year, the grand Nobel Prize-giving ceremony takes place in Stockholm, Sweden. To date, over 730
have won the prize, presented amid much pomp by the King of Sweden, in front of a distinguished audience.
When Alfred Nobel died, his will pronounced that his money be used to award the Nobel Prizes every year.
Initially, the idea was criticised but, a century later, the prize-giving ceremony is the best known in the world.
And in 2001 more people than ever clamoured to receive one of the coveted invitations to the festivities. The
event that year was particularly special, being the 100th since the prize-giving began.
7
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The ceremony has grown enormously since 1901, when only 150 guests (all male) attended. In the centenary
year, 1,800 people were invited, including the 255 laureates (Nobel Prize winners) who were still alive; and
thousands more were turned away, disappointed. Such popularity stems not only from the fact that it is a
lavish and enjoyable affair - where royalty and academicians mix with students and the families of laurea tes-
to-be at the spectacular ceremony but also from the fact that this prize inspires a level of awe unmatched by
any other prizes.
But Nobel was quite clear in this regard when he wrote his will, saying, 'It's my express wish that, in awarding
the prizes, no consideration shall be given to the nationality of the candidates, but that the most worthy shall
receive the prize. He was far from direct, however, in defining the sort of achievement that would merit
winning the prize-and for his vagueness, he came under even more fire from critics.
9
From then on, as the yearly prize-giving ceremony grew in status and popularity, the scepticism faded and the
prize took on the global importance it has today. But the arguments over how the prizes should be awarded
were not the only headache for the Nobel Foundation. A legal wrangle developed with the children of Nobel's
brothers, who were bitterly indignant that their uncle should have chosen to leave most of his substantial
fortune to unknown achievers from foreign lands.
10
Of course, these ideals could only be put into practice thanks to Nobel's success as a businessman. He had
amassed a fortune through his invention of dynamite in 1866, and by the exploitation of oilfields near the
Caspian Sea. While science and techonology were at the heart of his achievements as an inventor and
industrialist, he derived enormous pleasure from great novels and poetry, and was deeply concerned about
efforts to reduce international conflict.
11
The titles of the awards may have altered little, but the funds invested to provide the prize money have had
their ups and downs. The value has ranged from the present-day equivalent of US$100,000 in the 1920s and
30s, when investment dividends plummeted, to around $1 million today. The prizes are worth more in real
terms now that they have ever been, but in the 1900s the value of the investments was very low for a
considerable length of time, and this was reflected in the value of the prizes.
12
In the final analysis, Nobel wished to use his fortune to honour human creativity, and in recognition of this,
Stockholm hosted a centennial exhibition in its new Nobel Museum, with the theme of creativity-what it is,
94
A So it can be seen that Nobels interests are reflected in the prizes awarded by the Foundation-for Physics,
Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. And in the hundred years of its existence, only a
few changes have been made to the awards, athough in 1969, a sixth prize was added-for Economic Sciences
B It hasn't always commanded such respect. When Alfred Nobel's wishes first became public, and his desire
to leave his huge fortune as prize money became known, he came under much criticism posthumously. One
unpopular aspect of his will was his desire for the prizes to be open to the whole world, a gesture of
internationalism which his fellow countrymen opposed as unpatriotic.
C He was once heard to say, "Home is where I work, and I work everywhere. So, given his International
Ifestyle and the wide range of his activities, it is ittle wonder that he wished the prizes to be distributed to
people who, as he wrote in his will, 'conferred the greatest benefit on mankind irrespective of nationality.
D However, there is no record of winners in those lean times complaining. Of course, the true worth of a
Nobel Prize is the honour and recognition it confers. But there is one story of a writer who was offered the
Prize for Literature and turned it down on grounds of principle, then a few years later changed his mind and
asked for the money.
E The luxurious card bearing the embossed gold foil medal depicting Alfred Nobel was the pass to this
glittering occasion where the most prestigious awards in the world were handed to scientists, artists and
peacemakers who, in the preceding year, had conferred the greatest benefit on mankind of anyone in their
field of activity.
F It took years for a settlement to be reached with the aggrieved members of Nobel's family, but eventually
the statutes of the Foundation were approved by the Swedish government. And the principles that governed
the awarding of the prizes-cosmopolitan, broad and philanthropic-were deemed to be in harmony with the
benefactor's wishes.
G The words of the will were debated at length after Nobel's death, but no conclusions were reached as to
exactly what he meant. He had appointed several institutions to take on responsibility for awarding the
different prizes, and in the end, it was agreed that these bodies should be left to interpret his wishes.
PRACTICE CAE
PAPER 1: READING
PART 3
You are going to read a newspaper article. For questions 13-19, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you
think fits best according to the text.
THE SCREENPLAY
Film-maker David Mamet gives his views in screenwriting.
Screenwriting has changed. Nowadays, anyone can turn a hand to it, and it is considered neither a pastime nor
a vacation, but a potentially remunerative employment of one's time. And indeed, it may well be. Those
countless hundreds of thousands working away on their screenplay ideas may have their dream come true for
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the contemporary screenplay requires only the minutest understanding of the rudiments on the part of the
practitioner.
If a film is a drama, the screenwriter must be a dramatist of some ability; he or she must be able to craft a
progression of incidents which grabs and holds the attention of the audience. But films have degenerated to
their original operation as carnival amusement - they offer not drama, but thrills. (The early nickelodeon
showed a freight train steaming toward the audience, and they, unused to the technology, said 'How real,' and
were stunned. Today's computer effects such as morphing, bluescreen, and the like, function similarly.) It
does not require a dramatist to 'script' a film based on thrills. The requirements of such films are not elaborate.
And today, the endless byzantine structure of the studio system like any terminal bureaucracy rewards the
bureaucratic virtue of adherence to the system. And the system begins with the script reader. This is the entry-
level position: bright young people, fresh from the hierarchy of the university and the film school, begin here.
They are given scripts and understand that they are to endorse the predictable and reject the unusual. It must
be a terrible job. Where once the screenplay was written to appeal to the star or the director to those who
would make it into a film-now it is written to appeal to the bored script reader.
I have read this kind of statement in screenplays:
'He comes into the room and we hate him, we really hate him." "We hate him. No doubt, as "he' is meant to be
the villain. This enormity skips the fact of the film altogether and refers directly to the emotions of the
audience. Now, one might like to be assured that the audience is going to hate the villain it might make the
melodrama more effective but it seems to me that the task of the screenwriter is to communicate to those who
are about to make the film why we "hate him" and such can be done only through delineating what the actor
does and what the camera shoots. Many of the modern efforts at screenwriting contain the 'you-know-and-l-
know' error in describing the characters. 'She comes into the room. She's beautiful, she's tough, she has a pair
of eyes that make you think of olives in a plate of milk', or some such. Such description can be written
interestingly, but at the end of the day, the beauty, the eyes, the posture, etcetera, of the character are going to
be those of the actor or the actress cast in the part. Similarly, "You know and I know that they've been around
the block. Well, how do we know that? Such writing makes the script reader's morning a bit less drab, but it is
unfilmable.
And there is, of course, the stuff of comic books. The lead car crashes into the bus. Flames envelop the sky.
Brad jumps from the lead car into the jeep, which careens on two wheels around the Volkswagen.' As most
action movies are aspiring to the level of comic books, it might be considered good (useful) screenwriting,
except for this: the action sequences will be thought out and executed by the director and the stunt co-
ordinator, with little or no relation to the material in the script.
13 What is the writer's main point about screenwriting in the first paragraph?
A It is possible for people with little ability to do it.
B There is a general view that it is a frivolous way of earning a living.
C. People have very different beliefs as to what it requires.
D. Some people find it hard to do well.
14 The writer suggests that the emphasis on thrills in films
A has made the dramatist's job harder.
B has become boring for audiences.
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C is a development he finds regrettable..

D is a result of dramas becoming too complex.
15 According to the writer the script readers
A must look for something new and refreshing.
B must keep the director's wishes in mind.
C must stick to what is known.
D have a difficult choice to make.
16 What does the writer say about the sentence 'We hate him"?
A It refers to an effect that is very easy to achieve.
B The person who wrote it intended it to be ambiguous, but failed.
C The person who wrote it was not sure what effect they wished to create.
D It concerns the impact a character makes but not how this is achieved.
17 The writer says that the descriptions of characters in many screenplays
A are good to read but of no use to film-makers.
B result in unrealistic requirements of actors and actresses.
C are too complicated to be fully understood.
D make it hard to find actors and actresses for the parts.
18 The writer uses the screenplay extract in the final paragraph as an example of
A the difficulty of writing scripts for films that are like comic books.
B how impractical parts of screenplays can be.
C parts of screenplays that are likely to be ignored.
D the difficulty involved in carrying out instructions in screenplays.
19 What is the writer's main topic in the text?
A the tension between screenwriters and film-makers
B his model for how screenwriting could be improved
C the number of different approaches there are to screenwriting
D his belief that the standard of screenwriting in general is low
PRACTICE CAE
PAPER 1: READING
PART 4
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You are going to read an article containing reviews of alarm clocks. For questions 20-34, choose from the
reviews (A-F). The reviews may be chosen more than once.
SOUND THE ALARM

Stuart Harris reports
Many of us listen to the radio when we got up in the moming and most of us also require some external means
to persuade us to get out of bed. Thus we have the clock radio. But how do you pick a good one? Our panel,
which consisted of myself plus the inventor Tom Granger and the broadcaster Paul Bridges, tested five
currently available.
The 'dual alarm function that is advertised with this model does not allow you, as first supposed, to be woken
by the buzzer, snooze a while and then finally be driven out of bed. The instruction booklet advises you to use
this function to set two different wake-up tumes, one for work days and one for weekends, but whose life is
programmed to this extent? Since this model costs more or less the same as the second model tested, the
inclusion of a cassette player is quite a bargain you can fall asleep to your own soothing tapes and wake up to
a day without nows. We all thought the quality of the radio excellent, too if only the whole thing was smaller.
It's as big as a rugby ball. Paul Bridges said, 'any clock radio 1 buy has to leave enough space on the bedside
table for my keys, wallet, glasses and telephone. Anyway, I'm completely paranoid and always book a wake-
up call in case the alarm doesn't go off."
B
This model was voted best in the beauty stakes and overall winner. Paul Bridges declared himself in love with
it, although the clock on the one he tested kept getting stuck at 16.00'. I was fascinated by the digital display,
with its classy grey numbers on a gentle green background. The wide snooze bar means you can tap it on the
edge with your eyes shut. Unfortunately, the pebbles on the beach encouraged me to run my fingers over them
as if they were keys on a plano, which proved my undoing when finally looked at the 80 page instruction
booklet
The clock has a self-power back-up so you don't have to reset it if someone unceremoniously pulls the plug
out in order to use a hairdryer or the vacuum cleaner, this met with unanimous approval. However, we all
found it a technical feat to set-up though completing the learning curve made us feel 'cool and sophisticated.
Tom Granger described this model with its extra built in lamp as 'unbelievably tacky in the way it's made.
'You have to wrench the funny light out of its socket to get it to work, which makes me wonder about the
quality of the rest of it. He complained that he had to read the instruction booklet twice before he could get it
to work the clock kept leaping from 12.00 to 02.00 so he had to go round again.
The light was certainly hard to position; you would never be able to read by it-It only shines on the clock,
which is illuminated anyway, Paul Bridges said he was very tickled by the lamp idea but agreed that the radio
was hard to tune. The buzzer is reminiscent of action stations on a submarino and made me feel like hurling
the whole thing across the bedroom Interestingly, however, this model is the third most popular on the
market.
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Clearly aimed at young people, with its brightly coloured casing and matching bootlace strap, this one
appealed to the child in Tom Granger and me. I would choose this one because it doesn't disappear into the
background like the others, he said. In fact, the traditional design of the controls made it the only one we
managed to set up without reading the instruction booklet. Too bad the alarm is allowed a hilarious 20-minute
margin for error, the manual notes, the alarm may sound about 10 minutes earlier or later than the p ro-set
time. Paul Bridges scoffed at such a notion, adding that this model was terribly fiddly and, indeed, completely
useless'
The simplest and cheapest of all the models tested. this scored points with Tom Granger because it seemed
very standard and took up little space, but also because it has old-fashioned dial tuning. 'It's more intuitive to
set up. With modem push-button tuning you're never really sure if you've pressed all the buttons in the right
order so you can't have confidence that the thing will actually work. He accepted, however, that manufacturers
had been, obliged to improve the quality of radios because of the advent of button-tuning thought the tuning
rather crude, as did Paul Bridges, but we agreed that the radio quality was fine. The buzzer on this model
certainly works it succeeded in getting me out of bed in just two beeps!
In which section(s) of the text are the following mentioned?

a tester admitting that he did not trust any type of alarm clock 20
a tester later regretting having touched the controls 21
a tester approving of a model because of its conspicuous appearance 22
the testers being able to operate the model without reference to the manual 23
a tester's praise for a model despite the existence of a technical fault 24
doubts about the reliability of a model because of the design of an additional feature 25
the testers feeling positive about their success in getting the model to work 26
doubts about whether anyone would wish to follow certain instructions from the manual 27
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an explanation of why companies had started to make better radios 28
the intended market for the model being apparent from its design 29
a tester realising that he had drawn the wrong conclusion about a particular feature 30
the testers agreeing on the usefulness of a particular feature 31
32
an additional feature which made the price seem competitive
33
uncertainty over whether the radio controls had been set in the correct sequence
34
a tester's reaction to the imprecision of the alarm
PAPER 1 (II): READING

PART 1
You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with jobs and employment. For
questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
UNEMPLOYMENT
We understand an unemployed person to be someone who has not got a job, who is not employed. However,
there are many people in Britain who are of working age, that is between 16 and 65 for men and 16 and 60 for
women, and are not working, but yet officially are not counted as unemployed. These people include those
who simply stay at home, students without a part-time job and those who retire early.
The numbers in the working population tend to fluctuate. Of the 29 million people of working age just over 1
million are unemployed. Therefore almost 28 million people are employed.
The government is doing its best to reduce long-term unemployment through its working families tax credit
and skills training schemes. It can claim some credit in bringing down long-term unemployment, but it is
probably economic growth that has done the most to bring down the leve of joblessness. The UK economy
grew by 2.4 % in 2001, which does not sound like much, but was top of the G7 league table.
If we have the same number of people in the working population and unemployment rises, the obviously
employment must be falling. But if the working population figure rises if, for example more school leavers
join the labour force - then it is possible that both the number of employe people and the numbers of
unemployed people will rise.
1 The writer points out that
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A not everyone who does not work can be classified as unemployed.

B people who retire early may be counted as unemployed.
C many students have part-time jobs which affect the figures.
D a large section of the population is unemployed.
2 The main reason for the drop in unemployment is
A the government's training schemes.
B that fewer people register as unemployed.
C the expansion of the economy.
D the number of school leavers who find jobs quickly.
PAPER 1 (II)
EXTRACT FROM A NOVEL
Susan wandered slowly down the dark, evil-smelling staircase and located room 3. She slowly opened the
door. The smell was worse than the staircase and made her gag Clutching her handkerchief to her mouth, she
went in. It was even worse than she had feared. The room was tiny by any standards, and the dusty window
gave little light. In the middle of the room was an ancient bed, covered with a thin, ragged mattress, and
something which could barely be described as a blanket Against the wall was a table with a tin basin and an
empty whisky bottle.
The atmosphere of this depressing place brought home the fact that she was helpless, penniless and friendless.
She placed her few possessions under the bed and sat staring at her hands until it began to get dark. At least
she had a bed to sleep in, an improvement from sleeping rough in the streets, or so she tried to tell herself
without much success. She barely slept. The walls were so thin that she could hear every sound from the
adjoining rooms.
In the morning she rose early and made her way to the Job Centre, along with half of London, it seemed.
What chance would she stand in competition with these hordes? Most of the people there looked as if they
hadn't seen a bed or a baih for months. By noon the numbers had swelled considerably, and when the doors
opened there was a surge forward, almost knocking Susan off her feet, as people rushed to read the 'Situations
Vacant' board. By the time she pushed her way to the front, all the notices had been ripped off and taken
away. She turned away and headed for her new ‘home’.
3 When Susan saw the room,
A she thought she should try and get to like it.
B she knew she wasn't going to stay there long.
C she realised it was not as bad as she had been told.
D she thought she should feel more grateful than she actually did.
4 How did Susan feel when she saw all the people at the Job Centre?
A afraid
B discouraged
C angry
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D encouraged
BREAKFAST CLUB
Dear Alumni,
I am pleased to be able to inform you that you are on the Vice Chancellor's list of the 20 highest-scoring
Masters students for the past academic year. We are therefore inviting you to the Alumni Breakfast Club, on
Tuesday 19th June at the Carlsbridge Hotel, 47 Gainsborough Avenue, Manchester.
This event will provide you with a network of similar high achievers and above all, help you with your
professional development now that you are about to leave the university.
The day will start at 7.30 with a free English or Continental breakfast, followed by a discussion led by Sir
Malcolm Smallridge on the impact of postgraduate education on career development. A copy of the
programme is attached with this email. For more information please check our website.
To reserve places, please reply before Thursday 13th June, giving your full name and contact details. We
anticipate that the demand for this event will be high and urge you to respond as quickly as possible. A
number of places are reserved for overseas and mature students, but apart from that it is on a first come, first
served basis.
If you would like to appear in our Alumni Profiles, please let us have a short summary of yourself and your
life in no more than 300 words, along with a good quality photograph.
We look forward to seeing you....
5 The purpose of the Breakfast Club is
A to encourage people to be high achievers.
B to give awards to high achievers
C to help high achievers to fulfill their potential
D to encourage the participants to go on to further education.
6 Some places will be allotted

A according to nationality.
B according to results achieved
C by lottery.
D by gender.
PRACTICE CAE
PAPER 1: READING
PART 2
You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract.
Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (7-12). There is one extra paragraph which you
do not need to use.
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REEF ENCOUNTER
Tropical fish look very colourful to our eyes, but is that how they look to each other? Our Penny Gosh met the
man who may have the answer.
If you're snorkelling around a coral reef, you'll see the local marine life in all its camival colours. But the
show clearly isn't just a tourist attraction. For the fish that live on the reel, it's more a matter of life and death.
As with any other creature, the survival of a fish species depends on two things food supplies and breeding
success.
Seeing a coral reef in all its glory, you can't help feeling that fish have completely failed to solve this
dilemma. The picture, however, only comes into focus when you take the fish's-eye view. For fish, according
to Justin Marshall from the Vision, Touch and Hearing Research Centre at the University of Queensland in
Brisbane, see things differently.
8
This means that the carnival looks quite different to the marine itself. To help him discover exactly how
different it looks, Marshall has designed a unique underwater 'spectrophotometer, which analyses the colours
of things objectively in terms of their physical reflection. He is also measuring the light available in different
micro-habitats.
The general shift towards the blue end of the spectrum in underwater light explains why most nocturnal reef
fish, such as the soldierfish. squirrelfish and big-eyes, are mainly red in colour. According to Marshall, some
reef fish might soo red, in which case they could capitalise on the colour blindness of others and use red
markings for private communication. But In most cases, red species are surprisingly inconspicuous.
10
As any snorkeller will know, lots of reef fish display the sort of colour combinations that suggest camouflage
is the last thing on the fish's mind. The bright blues and yellows that are most common, however, are only
conspicuous at a certain range. They fade to grey at a distance, because the colours are so close together
that they merge.
11
Wider colour bands will be visible much farther away, of course, but still the fish's-eye view is different from
ours. Most recently, Marshall has discovered that fish may see hardly any contrast between the blue of many
species, such as tropical angelfish, and the colour of the water around a tranquil reef. More surprisingly, says
Marshall, a fish with blue and yellow stripes can be just as well camouflaged, as even this distinct pattern will
merge into some backgrounds. When the fish are all together in a shoal, it's hard for a predator to spot where
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one individual starts and another ends. It's what Marshall calls 'the zebra effect. If Marshall is correct, then a
fish with bold blue and yellow markings can either advertise or hide itself by simply adjusting its behaviour.
12
In other words, one set of colours can send out very different signals depending on the setting. To complicate
things further, most reef fish can vary their colours, whilst it is common for species to change colour from
night to day or as they grow older. Colours may even change with a fish's mood whether it's fighting or
fleeing from predators.
A Together with information about the visual sensitivity of individual fish species and their behaviour, this
equipment enables him to begin seeing things as fish do. And it is starting to reveal how the showy and the
shy can make use of the same bright colours.
B This is because our visual system is a primate one, he says. It's very good at seeing yellows and red versus
greens. However, 30 metres below sea level there is no red light. So fish tond to see blues and ultraviolets
well- and to be less sensitive to reds and yellows.
C The striking bands of colour seem to shout 'come and get me' to a potential mate when displayed against a
plain background or close up. But put them up against a background of solid contrasting colours and they
work on the same principle as the disruptive camouflage used for concealment of military equipment.
D The trouble is that eating and not being eaten both need stealth. Therefore, it is helpful for a fish to blend
into the background. To attract a mato, on the other hand, requires a certain flamboyance.
E If this means that the fish really can't see the difference, then it looks to him as though they have only two
types of receptors for colour. This is a controversial claim, as others have argued that fish have four types of
colour receptor.
F During the day, such fish hide in reef crevices. Once there, thay may look obvious to human eyes, but to
other fish, they blend into the dark background.
G Even in fish which sport fine stripes, such as parrotfish and wrasse, the different shades are distinct for
only one metre and certainly no more than five. Beyond this, they too blend into the general sea colour around
the reef.
PAPER 1: READING
PART 3
You are going to read a newspaper article. For questions 13-19, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you
think fits best according to the text.
ODD MAN OUT
Newspaper editor Max Hastings looks back over the career of journalist Martyn Harris.
After 11 years as a newspaper editor, I'm cynical enough to have noticed that some of the journalists who are
most polite to me in the corridor are those most nervous of being sacked frankly, the less talented ones.
Conversely, brilliant reporters are often the most awkward to handle, partly because they know they can
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afford to be difficult since they can always go somewhere else, and partly because almost all gifted
performers are tormented by self-doubt, and tend to take this out on everybody else.
Martyn Harris once declared: 'Few writers really believe they can write, and fewer still know how they learnt.
They think they are pulling off a lucky trick every time they do it. He seemed bemused that I had volunteered
for some of my own experiences as a war correspondent, because several times he told me how convinced he
was of his own cowardice, and of his inability as a writer to cope with violent conflict. I said, perfectly
truthfully, that it is far easier for a journalist to write about a great drama unfolding before him than it is to
create a brilliant literary confection out of the commonplace ingredients of everyday life, an art in which
Martyn displayed his exceptional skill, week in and week out, year in and year out through the best part of a
decade in which I was lucky enough to be his editor at The Daily Telegraph.
Successful journalists are those who see the world from an unexpected angle, who take up a seat in the
balcony unoccupied by other privileged spectators of the divine comedy. Harris thoroughly understood what
some top reporters sooner or later lose sight of, first that they are indeed only spectators and second, that the
play is always a comedy. The essence of good journalism is surprise. Good journalists like to make trouble.
They instinctively mistrust those who possess wealth, authority or power.
It is their job to inform, to entertain, and perhaps most of all, to serve as the grit in the oyster. At the time, The
Daily Telegraph had become a sadly predictable bastion of ageing conservatives, a home for readers who
wanted a newspaper which would merely nod through their prejudices. When we started to rebuild the
newspaper, we had to find writers who thought and behaved and wrote in a new way, which a new generation
of readers could respond to. Although Martyn could be perverse, graceless, bloody-minded and maddening,
from the day he came to the paper we prized his originality, courage, charm, wit and brilliance.
These was never a danger he would fail to provide the grit in the oyster. The joy was to behold the profusion
of pearls which he showered upon us as well. His versatility was astonishing. He could sketch the life of a
cruise liner, interview a politician or describe a street party with equal facility. He could write a feature about
anything or more important in our trade about nothing. As a descriptive writer, he could sketch the socks off
any rival. His laconic prose possessed a willingness to jar, a power to make the reader think, which is rare
even among good journalists. He scorned the traditional boundaries of taste and frequently attacked interest
groups which had hitherto been thought untouchable. With rare lapses, his judgement was very shrewd.
His career took a new turn when we persuaded him to become The Daily Telegraph's star interviewer. Within
a few months he had made himself recognised as the ablest practitioner of that craft on British national
newspapers. I sometimes found myself defending him against allegations of brutality towards his subjects. It
was not in Martyn's startlingly direct nature to avoid what seemed to him plain truths. One piece on an ageing
Hollywood star, for instance, was savage, but it seemed to me justifiable. As a star, she believed that while
she had offered herself for interview, she enjoyed the right to set the agenda. Martyn took a different view. He
scorned the ritual of allowing a star plugging a book to set the rules of the game. 'She is no great actress or
intelligence," he wrote, 'though she tries to conceal the shallowness behind a battery of hard-boiled
mannerisms. It is what she leaves out of her self-account that tells you the most. And these, of course, were
the bits Martyn coolly, perceptively, sought to put in.
13 What does Max Hastings say about journalists in the first paragraph?
A Experience of being an editor has changed his attitude towards them.
B Good ones feel more secure about their futures than they should.
C Many who have worked for him have been less talented than they thought.
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D Good ones are often rude because they have feelings of inadequacy.
14 What did Max Hastings tell Martyn Harris about journalism?
A It was hard for any journalist to maintain high standards for a long period.
B Covering sensational events usually did not give journalists much satisfaction.
C The kind of writing Martyn Harris excelled at was very hard to do.
D. The ability to describe ordinary experiences was not valued highly enough.
15 Max Hastings says that one characteristic of good journalists is that they
A cannot help being suspicious of certain people.
B have no desire to achieve personal fame.
C do not regard themselves as being purely observers.
D know certain matters should not be treated lightly.
16 One reason why Max Hastings wanted Martyn Harris to join his newspaper was that
A they were in agreement as to how the paper should change.
B he had a personality that other people working there would find appealing.
C his style of writing might encourage younger readers to buy the paper.
D his articles might change the attitudes of the paper's readers.
17 Max Hastings says that, in the articles he produced for the paper, Martyn Harris
A was prepared to offend people nobody was supposed to be critical of.
B liked to show that he was better at describing things than other writers.
C preferred to focus on trivial matters rather than more serious ones.
D was often unaware of the effect that his articles had on readers.
18 Max Hastings says that when Martyn Harris became an interviewer,
A he influenced the way similar articles were written by other journalists.
B he found it harder than before to be objective in his articles.
C some of his articles were perhaps regrettable in retrospect.
D some people objected to the tone of his articles about stars.
19 One reason why Martyn Harris disliked the Hollywood star was that she
A told him things which he was convinced were untrue.
B behaved unpredictably when he was interviewing her.
C pretended to be more interesting than she really was.
D treated him as if he was incapable of understanding her.
PAPER 1: READING
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PART 4
You are going to read an article containing reviews of four women talking about their success in business.
For questions 20-34, choose from the reviews (A-D). The reviews may be chosen more than once.
SPOTTING THE GAP IN THE MARKET
Four businesswomen talk about their success.
KAREN FOLEY
A KAREN FOLEY
Karen Foley has been running her holiday-home exchange business, Home Swap, for the past 16 years, ever
since she spent a holiday in a friend's empty cottage in Canada while friends stayed at house in London. She
spotted a gap in the market for such an organisation, and so set about launching her own agency. 1 decided to
concentrate on Canada, because I was raised there and felt I had specite knowledge about the country, says
Karen Looking back, she thinks her expectations were naive. I thought I'd have members from everywhere
instantly. Well, of course that didn't happen. The difficulties were, she admits, partly self-imposed. 1 didn't
have the sort of personality that could comfortably take on large loan to launch business in a big way. The frst
years were a struggle, but joining up with other agencies and reaching more customers via the Internet meant
the business flourished. Karen says her parents, who were farmers, influenced her in her chosen career. "My
parents worked hard but also got a lot of enjoyment out of what they did. So I think I always had it in mind to
find something I enjoyed so much I wouldn't think of t as work However, Karen finds that this is also the
biggest drawback of her business. 'Enjoying the work is what ses me to it - so it's difficult to step back from it
and take holidays. It's ironic, really.
B MARYAM HUSSAIN
Maryam Hussain embarked on a law career after university, but soon became dissatisfied. So Maryam quit her
job and looked around for a new challenge. A year later she opened her first Cafe Express coffee bar. The
whole idea was to offer coffee that met individual requirements with a range of strengths and flavours. But
business got off to an unpromising start Customers weren't used to fancy styles of coffee, and we encountered
slow sales. So Maryam hired a public relations company, and business soon started to pick up. Today the
chain has 82 outlets nationwide, but Maryam remains very much hands-on I make sure the quality stays the
same, and true to the Café Express spirit Maryam credits her legal training with enabling her to run a thriving
business. It gives you amazing discipline and structures your mind, she explains.
C WENDY BAXTER
Wendy Baxter's agency, Animal Magic, which trains animals to appear in films and on television, has seen
enormous success. "We've been expanding steadily for ten years, so I see no reason for it to stop now, she
confidently reports. Wendy grew up on a farm, and spent her childhood developing her instinctive rapport
with animals. Not that she thinks just being brought up on a farm would necessarily give anyone the ability to
make it in her line of work. It's probably nothing to do with the farming, it's to do with the person you are,'
Wendy suggests Tve always got on with animals, and I've never been frightened by them. A lot of working
with animals is just common sense, not trying to be clever, not trying to be something different from what you
are if you are honest and straightforward with an animal it will respect you."
D CLAUDIA CONTI
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The turning point in Claudia Conti's life was when she swapped her substantial salary as a London
stockbroker for the more humble existence of an aid worker in Pakistan. It was there that she first saw
pashminas traditional cashmere women shawls and bought some of these luxury garments for herself and her
friends, one of whom suggested Claudia sell them to a top London clothing retailer. Soon everybody wanted
one, and as the business grew she set up an education charity to benefit children in Pakistan. This began to
take up an increasing amount of her time. But it became apparent that if she focused more on pashminas, she
would make a better contribution to the charity. Since devoting myself wholeheartedly to the business I've
seen it grow by 600%,' reveals Claudia, who donates a healthy percentage of her profits to the charity. Rivals
muscling in-on-the-pashmina phenomenon is also an incentive. Tve had to sharpen up to stay ahead of my
imitators, she admits 'And I'm always working on new ranges and marketing ideas.
Which woman
puts her achievements down to her personality rather than to her upbringing? 20
wants her business to remain faithful to its original character? 21
finds it hard to achieve any detachment from her work? 22
attributes her company's success to the skills acquired from her former area of work? 23
realised it would be advantageous to shift the balance of her working life? 24
feels responsible for her company's slow pace of expansion? 25
made a choice to restrict her operation to an area she was familiar with? 26
has had to face up to challenges from competitors? 27
feels optimistic that her company will continue to do well?

28
feels her early home environment affected her attitude towards work?
29
was reluctant to take risks in her work?
108
30
sees the need for constant innovation in her work?
31
started her business at someone else's suggestion?
32
looks for self-satisfaction in her work more than anything else? 33
was not happy with her original choice of profession? 34
109

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PAGE: GRIT ENGLISH CENTER BRIDGING THE GAP 1: PRACTICE BOOK

Such…………………………………………………….. I hope I never meet him again.

Whatever his choice, I would not dream of (3)…………………... him OBSTRUCT

F. MCQ CLOZE TEST

I………………………………………………………………….so I know that it's true.

4. I'm………………such a low ebb. I don't feel like doing anything.

4. a. a loose end b. odds c. a dead end d. ease

H. MCQ CLOZE TEST

DAY 4 No sign of the pigs, so we are (6)……………. on, thank goodness.

1. a. solid b. tight c. dense d. close

He's a wealthy man. He's not the murderer. ……………………………………..

•a bone of contention (between): a cause of dispute

F. MCQ CLOZE TEST

5. He mentioned the delays we experienced last year. (reference)

H. GET COMMON WORD

The prisoner made a(n)......................... of the key in the candle wax.

Not only is he unwell but……………………………………………………………, too.

The world's tiger population is in peril But for……………………………………..

D. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION (based on Idioms)

That dog ........................................................................................................... your hands.

F. MCQ CLOZE TEST

2. big/quite/enough 7. through/during/on 12. Should/Would/ Could

VERB/PREPOSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS & IDIOMS

I. MCQ CLOZE TEST

J. MCQ CLOZE TEST

2. They've added a new children's, ................................................... to the local hospital.

3. They've offered me the job, but for a one-month ............................................... period.

4. Spend whatever is necessary, within......................, to modernise our computer network.

6. Doctors confirmed that he had a heart ...................... after all.

L. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION

UNIT 4: UNREAL PAST

5. Joanna would rather listen to music than do her homework. (prefers)

 once and for all: now, finally

D. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION (based on Idioms)

F. MCQ CLOZE TEST

VERB/PREPOSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS & IDIOMS

5. Samantha's studying for a bachelor's..............................in English Literature.

J. MCQ CLOZE TEST

2. Hundreds of people sent flowers to the funeral as a(n)................... of their respect.

5. Considering its ......................... the car is in remarkably good condition.

6. As a rule of .................... you should always roast chicken at a low temperature.

L. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION

UNIT 5 - FULL/BARE INFINITIVE

Finally, the terorists let us go free. Finally, we …………………………………..…

I ………………………………………………….. in the whole room.

a job. He was becoming frustrated by the lack of (2) …………….. to RESPOND

short of money, so he would have to be (7) …………….. how he CARE

F - MCQ CLOZE TEST

9. We have no choice but to believe what he says. (word)

1.a. eyes b. blood c. looks d. fingers

J - MCQ CLOZE TEST

Mentioning her ex-husband is like showing a(n) …………………… rag to a bull.

law people can destroy wildlife. …………………………………………………

D - KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION (based on Idioms)

It was with (1) ……………….. enthusiasm that Fred decided CHARACTER

occasional social gathering an (5). ……………….. affair. So, feeling ENJOY

reason, it simply wasn't the same.

F - MCQ CLOZE TEST

TOPIC VOCABULARY EXPRESSIONS & IDIOMS

I'm afraid it's ……………………………………………... to let you in here.