Tihomir grishiv vasilev .

Vectorya sabeva elisaveta dimitrova lvanova

With the use of 3D printing technology, layer by layer extrusion is possible printing of construction
objects, but printers represent a large size and mobility limited metal construction. The main reason for
the large size of constructions for existing structures of 3D pritners for building objects are large strains
of bending moments that construction must take. In a new scheme of 3D printer called "Delta Wired 3D
Printer", the large stress created from bending moments are transformed in normal stress from tension.
At this time, the printer has been developed as a conceptual project is therefore theoretically necessary
to identify efforts in wires which is to be suspended extruders (load). Accurate identification of the
efforts in wires is necessary to determine the load on individual elements, their deformation and
determining the diameter of wires. Use the methods for determining the efforts wires are classically, the
first of which is the creation of a system of equations for a static identifiable system of forces, and the
second solving the system of equations using Cramer’s rule. In the course of theoretical studies found
that efforts in wires are different for each coordinate of the intersection between the three wearing
clone of the printer. This led to other deformations the pillars and different deflection of load for which
it is necessary to do further research. By analyzing the plots graphics can be defined pattern, which is
known to be efforts in the wires within the specified interval.

QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF BUILDABILITY IN 3D CONCRETE PRINTING BASED ON SHEAR VANE TEST

December 2019

Keisuke Nishijo

Motohiro Ohno

Tetsuya Ishida

While the slump test is widely used in conventional in-situ concrete construction, no field test has yet
been proposed for additive manufacturing of cementitious materials. In the extrusion-based 3D printing
technology, one of the important material characteristics is buildability; when deposited fresh mortar is
not stiff enough, the 3D printed object could collapse during the printing process, resulting in a limited
number of buildable layers. The buildability is likely to depend on environmental conditions. Therefore,
to apply the innovative 3D concrete printing technology to in-situ field construction, the buildability of
materials on site under varying temperature and humidity needs to be evaluated. In this research, the
applicability of an evaluation method of buildability based on shear strength has been studied. The
shear strength of fresh cement mortar is measured by shear vane test, which can be easily conducted on
site. At an arbitrary point of the 3D printed structure, the shear stress is calculated based on the self-
weight of upper layers. By comparing the strength and applied stress, potential risks of collapsing can be
evaluated over the entire object and the maximum buildable height can be predicted. To verify the
evaluation method, square thin-walled structures were printed by using a 3D concrete printer and the
actual pintable height observed was compared with the prediction. The objects were printed with
varying test parameters, including temperature conditions of 10 and 20 ℃, three mix designs of cement
mortar, and different sizes of 3D printers. The shear vane test was conducted under each condition
during the printing process. The result showed that the evaluation method significantly underestimates
the actual printable height. The discrepancy might be attributed to the significant amount of air voids in
deposited filaments and to accelerated setting of fresh mortar due to moisture evaporation in the
printed object.

Piyush Moradiya

Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging additive manufacturing technique which is an extension

of 3D printing. In 4D printing, structures can change their shape and function over time in response to
external stimuli such as water, temperature, pH and light. 4D printing is still in its nascent stage, and its
application in the food industry is limited. The main factors composing 4D printing ... [Show full
abstract]View full-text

Yılmaz Gür

Gyroid is discovered by Alan Schoen in 1970 while he was studying super-strong, super light structures.
The mathematical equation of the gyroid is complicated because it consists of elliptic integrals.
However, cosx.siny+cosy.sinz+cosz.sinx=0 equation gives an approximation to the gyroid surface looks
like the actual gyroid [1]. Because of this, the above equation is considered to create a ... [Show full
abstract]View full-text

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Gyroid is discovered by Alan Schoen in 1970 while he was studying super-strong, super light structures.
The mathematical equation of the gyroid is complicated because it consists of elliptic integrals.
However, cosx.siny+cosy.sinz+cosz.sinx=0 equation gives an approximation to the gyroid surface looks
like the actual gyroid [1]. Because of this, the above equation is considered to create a mathematical
model of the gyroid by using a mathematical software called K3DSurf v0.6.2 [2]. Once mathematical
model created then it is exported to “.obj” data format in order to print it by a 3D Fused Deposition
Modelling (FDM) printer [3]. FDM technology is patented by Scott Crump in 1989 for creating three-
dimensional objects [4]. The industry of 3D printing is considered part of 4th Industrial Revolution and it
is the latest piece in a chain of visualisation techniques [5]. Production of complex mathematical models
such as a gyroid is impossible with classical material removing engineering methods. But using 3D
printing technology allows us to fabricate such models quite easily [6]. The aim of this study is to
fabricate a complex mathematical model of a gyroid in order to use it for active teaching and learning of
mathematics and to prove that the above mentioned equation is not only a mathematical expression
but also is real life object. To print the mathematical model of the gyroid a low cost FDM 3D printer is
used. MakerwareTM slicing software accepts the “.obj” file format and can slice the model into 2D
layers [7]. The software can also calculate the printing nozzle’s travel movements, support structures (if
needed), printing time, and material necessary. All these information calculated by the slicing software is
exported to “.x3g” format saved on a SD card and then sent to the 3D printer. Eventually the
mathematical model becomes a tangible real life object.

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Contemporary innovative 3D technologies and machinery to apply them in the 21 st century have been
dynamically developing and cover increasingly more aspects in the area of architecture when making
buildings and structures for various purposes. In the recent years, in various parts of the world much
focus has been made on the kind of 3D technologies such as printing real-life architectural structures on
printers using the method of phased production by the digital three-dimensional model designed in
advance for the architectural project. The paper considers various technologies and technical means,
their advantages and flaws, and analyzes key areas of applying 3D printers in the process of
implementing various architectural structures. The prospects are identified for the development of the
highly efficient technology to construct buildings and structures. The functioning principles of 3D
printers are described. We covered the developments of construction and architectural organizations in
making structures with the help of 3D print. Key challenges have been identified in the practical
application of 3D print when building the architectural structures; the ways to improve the technology in
the future are presented. The authors analyzed the available technological solutions for 3D print in the
process of constructing real architectural structures; presented the relevant data on technical
parameters of the contemporary three-dimensional printers; the problems for the development of the
technology have been conceptualized, as well as the choice of optimal materials and engineering
structures with regard for peculiarities of selected methods of layer-wise extrusion or making buildings
parts with their further assembling into the final structure. The paper presents a summary of basic
notions in the 3D print area, it mentions key software programs that could help implement all stages of
the architectural structures making process when constructing them. The authors suggested a list of
traditional construction materials to create architectural projects such as mineral heavy weight concrete
with the polymer disperse fiber and chemical additives to regulate the terms for hardening astringency,
and the promising other materials to produce buildings such as structural glass, various kinds of plastics,
ceramic alloys (produced through selective laser sintering), and salt as a basic material to make complex
restoration works in the reconstruction process. The outcome of the undertaken theoretical and applied
research is presented by the authors in the findings concluding about key benefits from using 3D
printers in creating real architectural facilities for various functions, and the choice of an optimal 3D
print method on the specific brand of manufacturing machinery with the most efficient software. The
authors identified the application areas of the most optimal, economically and structurally justified
construction materials fitting the selected technology to build an architectural structure on a 3D printer.
The approach can help create relatively inexpensive, aesthetically and functionally interesting
architectural facilities for various purposes. In the process of their construction, they entail minimum
costs in terms of labor and material resources. It offers broad perspectives to apply 3D printers in the
world’s architectural practices.

Design and Verification of a Metal 3D Printing Device Based on Contact Resistance Heating

October 2019 · Solid State Phenomena

Yu Hua DaiXi Wang

As a branch of 3D printing technology, metal 3D printing is an important advanced manufacturing

processing method. Metal 3D printing technology has been widely applied in a variety of areas, including
the aerospace field, biomedical research and mold manufacturing. This paper proposed a new method
for melting metal wires via contact resistance heating. Through the combination of a numerical ...

3D printing technology for metal products: from an automatic design system to a real part

October 2020 · iPolytech Journal

A. A. KulikovYuri V Nebyshinets

Alena Sidorova

Anree E Balanovskiy

The aim of the present study involves the adaptation of a robotic complex based on an industrial robot
for 3D printing of metal products by arc welding, the development of a technological process system for
printing a real part, as well as an evaluation of the potential for obtaining high-quality metal products
using existing equipment. For 3D printing of metal products, a robotic complex based ... [Show full
abstract]View full-text

Article

A Support-Free Infill Structure Based on Layer Construction for 3D Printing

December 2022 · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

Wenpeng XuYi Liu

Yu Menglin[...]Ligang Liu

The design of the light-weight infill structure is a hot research topic in additive manufacturing. In recent
years, various infill structures have been proposed to reduce the amount of printing material. However,
3D models filled with them may have very different structural performances under different loading
conditions. In addition, most of them are not self-supporting. To mitigate these ... [Show full
abstract]Read more

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