Department of

Computer Science & Engineering

LAB MANUAL
SYSTEM PROGRAMMING LAB

B.Tech–IV Semester

KCT College OF ENGG AND TECH.

VILLAGE FATEHGARH
DISTT.SANGRUR
KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

BTCS 409 SYSTEM PROGRAMMING LAB

1. Create a menu driven interface for
a) Displaying contents of a file page wise
b) Counting vowels, characters, and lines in a file
c) Copying a file
2. Write a program to check blance parenthesis of a given program. Also generate the
error report.
3. Write a program to create symbol table for a given assembly language program.
4. Write a program to create symbol table for a given high-level language program.
5. Implementation of single pass assembler on a limited set of instructions.
6. Exploring various features of debug command.
7. Use of lax and YACC tools.

System Programming Lab 1

KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

INDEX
Sr. No. Experiments

1 WAP TO CREATE, READ AND WRITE INTO A FILE HAVING

RECORD OF THE STUDENT.

2 WAP TO COUNT THE NUMBER OF VOWELS AND CONSONANTS

IN A GIVEN STRING.

3 WAP TO COUNT THE NUMBER OF CHARACTERS, WORDS, IN A

GIVEN INPUT STRING.

4 WAP FOR THE CREATION OF SYMBOL TABLE IN ASSEMBLY

LANGUAGE.

5 IMPLEMENTATION OF A SINGLE PASS ASSEMBLER.

6 WAP FOR CHECKING THE OPERATOR PRECEDENCE.

7 WAP FOR LEXICAL ANALYSIS.

System Programming Lab 2

KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Practical 1
Aim: Write a program to create, read and write into a file having record of students.

Theory:

Opening a file

To open a file we use fopen()

$filename='c:\file.txt':

$fp = fopen($filename."r"):

the fopen() function normally uses two parameters. the first is the file which we want to open.
this can be a file on your system. in this example we are opening a text file on a windows
machine. the second parameter is the "mode". we can open a file for reading and writing. in
the above example "r" means reading.

Reading info from a file:

After we have opened the file, we will probably want to do something with it. to read the
contents of a file into a variable we use fread().

$contents=fread($fp, filesize($filename));

fclose($fp);

Now fread() also uses two parameters. the first parameter is the variable to which we
assigned the fopen() function, the second is the number of bytes we want to read up to in the
file. in this case we want to read the entire file, so we use the filesize() function to get the size
of the file specified in the $filename variable. thus it reads the entire file in.

Let us assume c: file.txt contains:

line1

line2

line 3

line4

line5

So now $contents would contain:

$contents="line1\nline2\nline3\nline4\nline5":

If we printed the variable out the output would be:

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

line1

line2

line3

line4

line5

The contents of the file are read into a string, complete with newline characters(\n. we can
then process this string however we like.

Write to a file:

We can also write data into a file once we have opened it. to do this we use the fputs()
function.

$filename = 'c:\file.txt':

$fp = fopen($filename,"a");

$string="\nline5";

$write=fputs($fp.$string);

fclose($fp);

firstly we open the file. notice the "a" parameter? that means "open the file for writing only,
and place the file pointer at the end of the file".

we then use fputs() to write to the file. we then close the file. so now what will the file
contain.

line1

line2

line3

line4

modes:

there are various modes you can use to open a file, they are listed on the php.net fopen()
function page, but i'll stick them up on here too.

 'r'-open for reading only, place the place the file pointer at the beginning of the file.
 'r+'- open for reading and writing ; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file.
 'w' – open for writing only, place the file pointer at the beginning of the file and
truncate the file to zero length. if the file does not exist, attempt to create it.

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

 'a' – open for writing only, place the file pointer at the end of the file. if the file does
not exist, attempt to create it.
 'a+' – open for reading and writing ; place the file pointer at the end of the file. if the
file does not exist , attempt to create it.

VIVA VOICE:

1. What is the use of fseek() function?

2. What is the difference between getw() and getc() function?
3. What is the use of ftell() function?
4. How we are creating file?
5. What is the difference between fscanf() and fread()?
6. What is the difference between fprintf() and fwrite()?
7. What are the different techniques of file handling?

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Practical 2

Aim: Write a program to count the numbers of vowels and consonants in a given string.

#include<stdio.h>
//#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char str[50];
int vovels=0,consonants=0,len,i;
printf("Enter the String:\n");
gets(str);
len=strlen(str);
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
if((str[i]>64&&str[i]<91)||(str[i]>96&&str[i]<123)) //Firstly checking the
character is alphabet or not
{
if(str[i]=='a'||str[i]=='A'||str[i]=='e'||str[i]=='E'||str[i]=='i'||str[i]=='I'||str[i]=='o'||str[i]=='O'||str[i]
=='u'||str[i]=='U') //checking if it is vowel or not
vovels++;
else
consonants++;
}
}
printf("Number of vovels = %d and consonants = %d ",vovels,consonants);
//getch();
}
O/P:

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Practical 3

Aim: Program to count the number of characters, words of a given input string.

#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int countch=0;
int countwd=1;

printf("Enter your sentence in lowercase: ");

char ch='a';
while(ch!='\r')
{
ch=getche();
if(ch==' ')
countwd++;
else
countch++;
}

printf("\n Words = ",countwd);

printf("Characters = ",countch-1);

getch();

O/P: Enter your sentence in lowercase: i want help

Words=3
Characters=9

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Practical 4

Aim: creation of symbol table in assembly language.

To write a c program to understand the working function of assembler in first pass

creating symbol table where the table where the tables are entered in the first pass
along with the corresponding address.

Algorithm:

Step 1: start the program execution.

Step 2: create a structure for opcode table and assign the values.

Step 3: create a structure for symbol table and assign the values.

Step 4: create a structure for intermediate code table and assign the values.

Step 5: write the opcode in separate file and machine code in another separate file.

Step 6: open the opcode file and compare it with the given machine code and then generate

opcode for corresponding source code.

Step 7: check the forward reference in intermediate code and print the corresponding jump

statement address.

Step 8: compare machine code with the opcode. If any jump statement with backward

reference is present, then print backward reference address.

Step 9: for symbol table, print the symbol and address of the symbol.

Step 10: stop the program execution.

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<string.h>

struct table

char var[10];

int value;

};

struct table tbl[20];

int i,j,n;

void create();

void modify();

int search(char variable[],int n);

void insert();

void display();

void main()

int ch,result=0;

char v[10];

clrscr();

do

printf("enter your choice:\n1.create\n2.insert\n3.modify\n4.search\n5.display\n6.exit");

scanf("%d",&ch);

switch(ch)

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

case 1:

create();

break;

case 2;

insert();

break;

case 3:

modify();

break;

case 4:

printf("enter the variable to be searched\n");

scanf("%s",&v);

result=search(v,n);

if(result==0)

printf("the variable does not belong to the table\n");

else

printf("the location of variable is %d. the value of %s is

%d",result,tbl[result].var,tbl[result].value);

break;

case 5:

display();

break;

case 6;

exit(1);

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

while(ch!=6)

getch();

void create()

printf("enter the number of entries\n");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("enter the variable and the value:\n");

for(i=1; i<=n; i++)

scanf("%s%d",tbl[i].var,&tbl[i].value);

check:

if(tbl[i].var[0]>='0' && tbl[i].var<='9')

printf("the variable should start with an alphabet\n enter the correct variable name \n");3

scanf("%s%d",tbl[i].var,&tbl[i].value);

goto check;

check1:

for (j=1; j<1; j++)

if(strcmp(tbl(i).var,tbl[j].var==0)

printf("the variable already exists. \nenter another variable\n");

scanf("%s%d",tbl[i].var,&tbl[i].value);

goto check 1;

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

printf("the table after creation is \n");

display();

void insert()

if(i>=20)

printf("can not insert. table is full");

else

n++;

printf("enter the variable and value \n");

scanf("%s%d",tbl[n].var,&tbl[n].value);

check:

if(tbl[i].var[0]>='0' && tbl[i].var[0]<='9')

printf("the variable should start with alphabet \n enter the correct variable name \n");

scanf("%s%d",tbl[i].var, & tbl[i].value);

goto check;

check 1:

for (j=1; j<n; j++)

if(strcmp(tbl[j].var,tbl[i].var)==0)

printf("the variable already exist \n enter another variable \n");

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

scanf("%s%d",tbl[i].var, &tbl[i].value);

goto check 1;

printf("the table after insertion is \n");

display();

void modify(0

char variable[10];

int result = 0;

printf("enter the variable to be modified \n");

scanf("%s", & variable);

result = search(variable, n);

if(result==0)

printf("%s does not belong to the table", variable);

else

printf("the current value of the variable %s is %d, enter the new variable and its value",
tbl[result].var, tbl[result].value);

scanf("%s%d", tbl[result].var, &tbl[result].value);check:

if(tbl[i].var[0]>='0' && tbl[i].var[0] <= '9')

printf("the variable should start with alphabet \n enter the correct variable name\n");

scanf("%s%d", tbl[i].var, &tbl[i].value);

goto check;

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

printf("the table after modification is \n");

display();

int search (char variable{}, int n)

int flag;

for (i = 1; i<=n;i++)

if (strcmp(tbl[i].var, variable)==0){

flag = 1;

break;

if (flag==1)

return i;

else

return 0;

void display()

printf("variable \t value \n");

for(i = 1; i<=n; i++)

printf("%s\t\t%d\n",tbl[i].var,tbl[i].value);

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Output:

Enter ur choice:

1. Create

2. Insert

3. Modify

4. Search

5. Display

6. Exit

1.

Enter the number of entries

2.

Enter the variable and the value

A 26

B 42

The table after creation is

Variable Value

A 25

B 42w

Enter ur choice:

1. Create

2. Insert

3. Modify

4. Search

5. Display

6. Exit

2.

Enter the variable and value

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

D 10

The table after insertion is

Variable Value

A 26

B 42

D 10

Enter ur choice:

1. Create

2. Insert

3. Modify

4. Search

5. Display

6. Exit

Enter the variable to be modified

The current value of variable D is 10, Enter the new variable and its value

20

The table after modification is

Variable Value

A 26

B 42

C 20

Enter ur choice:

1. Create

2. Insert

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

3. Modify

4. Search

5. Display

6. Exit

Enter the variable to be searched

The location of variable is 1. The value of A is 26

Enter ur choice: 1. Create

2. Insert

3. Modify

4. Search

5. Display

6. Exit

Variable Value

A 26

B 42

C 20

Enter ur choice:

1. Create

2. Insert

3. Modify

4. Search

5. Display

6. Exit

Result:

Thus the program has been done and the output has been verified.

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Practical 5

IMPLEMENTATION O SINGLE PASS ASSEMBLER

AIM: To write a C program to implement single pass assembler.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program execution.

Step 2: Assembler simply generate object code as it scans the source code.

Step 3: If the instruction operand is a symbol text, has not yet been defined, the operands

address is omitted.

Step 4: When nearly half the program translation is over, some of the forward reference

problem are existed.

Step 5: Combine the process to the end of the program to fill forward reference property.

Step 6: At the end of the program, the symbol table entries with 'x' are undefined.

Step 7: Stop the program execution.

System Programming Lab 18

KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Program

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

void main

file *f1, *f2;

char ch, str[30], str1[10], str2[30], cstr[15];

int i, j, num, q, r;

clrscr();

printf("enter your assembly instructions \n");

f1 = fopen("asin","w");

while(1)

ch = getchar();

if (ch=='*')

break;

fputec(ch, f1);

fclose(f1);

f1 = fopen("asin", "r");

f2 = fopen("asout", "w");

while (1)

fgets(str ,25, f1);

strncpystr1, str, 3;

str [] = '\0';

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

j = 0;

for (i = 3, i<strlen(str); i++)

str2[j] = str[i];

j++;

str[j] = '\0';

if ((strcmp(str1, "1da"))==0)

fputs("3a\t",f2);

fputs(str2, f2);

else if ((strcmp(str 1, "mov")) ==0)

fputs("47 \n",f2);

else if ((strcmp(str1,"add"))==0)

fputs("80 \n",f2);

else if((strcmp(str1, "sub"))==0

fputs("90 \n", f2);

else if ((strcmp(str1, "hlt"))==)

fputs("76 \n", f2);

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

break:

else if((strcmp(str1, "sta"))==0)

fputs("32 \t", f2);

num = atoi(str2)

q = num/100;

r = num%100;

if(r==0)

fputs("00 \t",f2);

else

fputs(itoa(r,cstr,10),f2);

fputs("\t",f2);

fputs(itoa(q, cstr,10),f2);

fputs("\n",f2);

else

fputs("error\n",f2);

fclose(f1);

fclose(f2);

f2 = fopen("asout", "r");

printf("\n the object code contents \n");

ch = fgetc(f2);

while(ch! = eof)

System Programming Lab 21

KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

putchar(ch);

ch = fgetc(f2);

fclose(f2);

getch();

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Output:

Input

Enter your assembly instructions

Lda 5000

Sub z

Sta 9988

Hlt

Output

The object code contents

3a 00 50

90

32 88 99

76

Result

Thu the program has been done and the output has been verified.

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Operator precedence parsing

Aim: Write a program to implement operator precedence parsing.

Algorithm:

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Declare the prototypes for functions.

Step 3: Enter the String like id*id + id

Step 4: Read the string and analyze tokens, identifiers, variables.

Step 5: Display the operator precedence table.

Step 6: Stop

System Programming Lab 24

KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Practical 6

Aim: For checking the operator precedence.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

char *p;

e();

t();

main()

int i, j = 0, n b[10], k = 0;

char [10], c[10];

clrscr();

printf("enter the string \n");

scanf("%s", a);

for (i = 0, j = 0; i<strlen(); i++)

switch(a[i])

case '+':

case '-':

c[j] = a[i];

b[j] = 1;

j++;

break;

case '*':

case '/':

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

c[j]= a[i];

b[j] = 2;

j++;

break;

case'^':

c[j] = a[i];

b[j] = 3;

j++;

break;

default:

if(k==0)

k = 1;

c[j] = a[i];

b[j] = 4;

j++;

c[j] = '$';

c[j] = 0;

j+;

printf(\n\n");

printf(\n\t------------------------------------------------");

printf("\n\n");

for(i = 0; i<j; i++)

printf("\t%c",c[i]);

printf('\t");

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

for (i = 0; i<j; i++)

printf("\n\t------------------------------------------------");

printf("\n\n%c",c[i]);

for(n=0; n<j;n++)

if(b[i]<b[n])

printf("\t<");

if(b[i>b[n])

printf("\t>");

if(b[i]==b[n])

printf("\t=");

printf("\t");

printf("\n\t------------------------------------------------");

p = a;

if(e())

printf("\n \n string parsed");

else

printf("\n string not parsed");

getch();

return 0;

int e()

if(*p=='i')

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

p++;

t();

t();

else

return 0;

int t()

if(*p==nul)

return 1;

else(if*p=='+'||*p=='*')

p++;

if(*p=='i')

p++;

else

return 0;

else

return 0;

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Output

Enter the string

|+|*i

------------------------------------------------

i + * $

------------------------------------------------

i = > > >

------------------------------------------------

+ < = < >

------------------------------------------------

* < > = >

------------------------------------------------

$ < < < =

------------------------------------------------

String parsed

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Practical 7

Lexical Analyzer

Aim: To write a program for diving the given input program into lexemes.

Algorithm:

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Read the file and open the file as read mode.

Step 3: Read the string for token identifiers, variables.

Step 4: Take parenthesis also a token.

Step 5: Parse the string

Step 6: Stop

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

Practical 7

Aim: Lexical analyzer

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

main()

int i,j,k,p,c;

char s[120], r[100];

char par[6] = {'(',')','{','}','[',]'};

char sym[9] = {'.',';',':',',','<','?','$','#'};

char key[9][10]={"main","if","else","switch","void","do","while","for","return"};

char dat[4][10] = {"int","float","char","double"};

char opr[5]=:'*','+','-','/','^'};

file *fp;

clrscr();

printf("\n\n\t enter the file name");

scanf("%s",s);

fp = fopen(s,"r");

c=0;

do

fscanf(fp, "%s",r);

getch()]

for(i = 0; i<6: i++)

if(strchr(r,par[i])!=null)

printf("\n paranthesis: %c",path[i]);

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KCT College of Engineering and Technology Department-CSE

for (i = 0; i<9; i++)

if (strchr(r, sym[i]0! = null)

printf("\n symbol: %c", sym[i]);

for(i=+;i<9;i++)

ifstrstr(r,key[i])!=null)

printf("\n keyword: %s", key[i]);

for (i=0;i<4;i++)

if((strstr(r,dat[i])&&(!strstr(r,"printf")))!=null)

printf("\n data type: %s", dat[i]);

fscaf(fp "%s", r);

printf("\n identifiers: %s", r);

for (i=0; i<5; i++)

if (strchr(r, opr[i])!=null)

printf("\n operator: %c", opr[i]);

p = c;

c = ftel(fp);

System Programming Lab 32