INDEX

S.No. Contents Date Signature

1 To understand the concept of a website
in the context of e-commerce.

2 To identify and understand the key

features of a good website.
3 To understand the concept of web

browsers and the difference between

online and offline browsing.

4 To understand the concept of search

engines, their types, and explore

examples of popular search engines.

5 To understand the concept of HTML

(Hypertext Markup Language) and

explore various other languages

used in creating websites.

6
To understand the key features of

B2B (Business-to-Business) and

B2C(Business-to-Consumer)

websites
7 To understand the concept of HTML

tags with attributes and how they are

used to create web pages.

8 To understand the concept of

tables and nested tables in HTML
and how they areused to display
tabular data on a web page.
 EXPERIMENT – 1

Aim: To understand the concept of a website in the context of e-commerce.

Objective:

● To define a website and its role in e-commerce.

● To explore different types of websites used in e-commerce.
● To analyze the importance of websites for businesses in the digital age.

Introduction:

In the digital era, the internet has revolutionized the way businesses operate. E-commerce, or

electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. A

crucial component of e-commerce is a website, which serves as the online storefront for businesses.

A website plays a vital role in attracting customers, showcasing products, and facilitating

transactions.

Theory:

Definition of a Website: A website is a collection of web pages that are interconnected

and hosted on a server. It is accessible over the internet and can contain text, images,
videos, and other multimedia elements.
Types of Websites in E-Commerce:
● E-Commerce Websites: These websites are specifically designed for online
buying and selling of goods and services. Examples include Amazon, eBay, and
Alibaba.
● Informational Websites: These websites provide information about products,
services, and company details. They may or may not facilitate direct sales.
● Social Media Websites: While not exclusively for e-commerce, social media
platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Pinterest are increasingly used by
businesses for marketing and selling products.
● Blogs and Forums: These websites allow businesses to engage with customers,
provide valuable content, and promote products indirectly.
 Importance of Websites in E-Commerce:
● Global Reach: A website allows businesses to reach a global audience, breakingthe
barriers of geographical location.
● 24/7 Availability: Unlike physical stores, websites are accessible 24 hours a day,7
days a week, allowing customers to shop at their convenience.

● Cost-Effectiveness: Maintaining a website is often more cost-effective than

operating a physical store, as it eliminates the need for rent, utilities, and other
overhead costs.
● Marketing and Branding: A well-designed website can serve as a powerful
marketing tool, helping businesses build their brand and attract new customers.
● Data Collection and Analysis: Websites can collect valuable data about customer
preferences, behavior, and trends, which can be used to improve products and
services.

Materials Required:

● Computer with internet access

● Web browser
● Note-taking materials

Procedure:

● Define a website: Discuss the definition of a website and its components, such as web pages,
web servers, and multimedia elements.
● Explore Different Types of Websites: Show examples of different types of websites used
in e-commerce, highlighting their features and functionalities.
● Discuss the Importance of Websites: Explain why websites are essential for businesses in
the digital age, citing examples of successful e-commerce businesses.
● Activity: Ask students to research and analyze a specific e-commerce website of their
choice. Have them identify the website's target audience, product offerings, and unique
selling points.
● Discussion: Facilitate a discussion on the challenges and opportunities of e-commerce,
focusing on how websites can help businesses overcome traditional barriers to entry.
What I learnt?

In conclusion, a website is a fundamental component of e-commerce, serving as the online

storefront for businesses. Understanding the concept of a website is essential for anyone interested

in pursuing a career in e-commerce or digital marketing.

References:

● Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J., Liang, T., & Turban, D. (2019). Electronic commerce 2018:
A managerial and social networks perspective. Springer.

Precautions:
● Use the internet responsibly and cite their sources when conducting research.
● Think critically and analyze the information they find online.
 EXPERIMENT- 2

Aim: To identify and understand the key features of a good website.

Objective:

● To learn about the essential features that make a website effective.

● To analyze examples of websites to identify these features in practice.
● To evaluate existing websites based on these features.

Introduction:

In today's digital age, a website is often the first point of contact between a business or

organization and its audience. A well-designed website can enhance user experience, build

credibility, and achieve various goals such as providing information, selling products, or

generating leads. This lab will explore the features that contribute to making a website effective

and user-friendly.

Theory:

● User-Friendly Design: A good website should have a clean, intuitive design that makes it
easy for users to navigate and find information. Elements such as clear menus, logical
layout, and prominent search functionality contribute to user-friendliness.
● Responsive Design: With the increasing use of mobile devices, a good website should
be responsive, meaning it adapts to different screen sizes and devices. This ensures a
consistent user experience across desktops, tablets, and smartphones.
● Fast Loading Times: Users expect websites to load quickly. A good website should be
optimized for speed, with images and videos compressed, and code streamlined to minimize
loading times.
● High-Quality Content: Content is key to engaging users and providing value. A good
website should have relevant, well-written content that is up-to-date and informative.
Clear Call-to-Actions (CTAs): CTAs guide users on what to do next, whether it's making
a purchase, signing up for a newsletter, or contacting the business. They should be
prominent and easy to understand.
 ● Effective Navigation: The website's navigation should be logical and consistent, allowing
users to easily move between pages and find what they're looking for.
● Visual Appeal: Aesthetics play a significant role in user perception. A good website
should be visually appealing, with a cohesive color scheme, typography, and imagerythat
reflect the brand's identity.
● Mobile Optimization: With the increasing use of smartphones, a good website should be
optimized for mobile devices, ensuring that it looks and functions well on smaller screens.

Materials Required:

● Computer with internet access

● Web browser
● Note-taking materials

Procedure:

● Introduction to Website Features: Discuss the key features of a good website as outlined
above.
● Examples Analysis: Show examples of well-designed websites and analyze them basedon
the identified features. Discuss how each feature contributes to the overall user
experience.
● Website Evaluation: Ask students to evaluate existing websites (either assigned by the
instructor or of their choice) based on the identified features. Have them note down
strengths and areas for improvement.
● Discussion: Facilitate a discussion on the importance of these features in creating a positive
user experience and achieving website goals.
● Conclusion: Summarize the key points discussed and encourage students to apply these
principles when designing their websites or evaluating existing ones.

Precautions:

● Use the internet responsibly and cite their sources when conducting research.
● Think critically and analyze the information they find online.

EXPERIMENT- 3
Aim: To understand the concept of web browsers and the difference between online and offline

browsing.

Objective:
● To learn about web browsers and their functions.
● To differentiate between online and offline browsing.
● To explore the implications of online and offline browsing for users.

Introduction:

A web browser is a software application used to access information on the World Wide Web. It

interprets HTML code, allowing users to view web pages containing text, images, videos, and

other multimedia content. This lab will explore the basic functions of web browsers and the

concept of online and offline browsing.

Theory:

a. Web Browsers: A web browser is a software application used to access and view
websites on the internet. Popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla
Firefox, Microsoft Edge, and Safari.
b. Online Browsing: Online browsing refers to accessing and viewing web pages over
an internet connection. When a user enters a web address (URL) into the browser's
address bar and presses Enter, the browser sends a request to the web server hosting
the website, which then sends the requested web page back to the browser for
display.Offline Browsing: Offline browsing allows users to access web pages that
have been downloaded and saved locally on their device, without needing an
internet connection. This is useful when users want to view web pages without an
active internet connection or to save data usage.
Materials Required:

● Computer with internet access

● Web browser (e.g., Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)
● Note-taking materials

Procedure:

● Introduction to Web Browsers: Explain the concept of web browsers and their role in
accessing the internet.
● Online Browsing Demonstration: Demonstrate how to access a website using a web
browser. Explain the process of sending a request to the web server and receiving the web
page for display. Offline Browsing Demonstration: Explain how to save a web page for
offline viewing using the browser's built-in features or third-party tools. Demonstrate how
to access the saved web page without an internet connection.
● Discussion: Facilitate a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of online and offline
browsing. Discuss situations where offline browsing might be useful and when online
browsing is preferred.
● Conclusion: Summarize the key points discussed and encourage students to explorefurther
on their own.

Precautions:

● Ensure that students understand the difference between online and offline browsing and
how to use their web browser's features effectively.
● Remind students to use the internet responsibly and to respect copyright laws when
downloading and saving web content for offline viewing.
 EXPERIMENT – 4

Aim: To understand the concept of search engines, their types, and explore examples of popular

search engines.

Objective:

● To learn about the role of search engines in retrieving information from the
web.To differentiate between different types of search engines.
● To explore examples of popular search engines and their features.

Introduction:

A search engine is a software system designed to search for information on the World Wide

Web. It works by crawling the web to index pages and then using algorithms to match user

queries with relevant web pages. This lab will explore the basic functions of search engines,

their types, and examples.

Theory:

Search Engines: Search engines are tools used to find information on the internet. They
work by indexing web pages and providing users with a list of relevant results based on
their search queries.
Types of Search Engines:
● General Search Engines: These search engines, such as Google, Bing, and
Yahoo, provide a wide range of search results across various topics.
● Specialized Search Engines: These search engines focus on specific topics or
types of content. Examples include PubMed for medical research and YouTube
for videos.
● Meta Search Engines: Meta search engines, such as Dogpile and Meta Crawler,
gather results from multiple other search engines and present them in one list.
● Enterprise Search Engines: Enterprise search engines, like Elasticsearch and
Apache Sold, are used within organizations to index and retrieve internal
information.
 Examples of Search Engines:
● Google: Google is the most popular search engine, known for its powerful
algorithms and extensive index of web pages.
● Bing: Bing is Microsoft's search engine, offering similar features to Google and
integrating with Microsoft services.
● Yahoo: Yahoo is another well-known search engine that also offers news, email,
and other services.
● DuckDuckGo: DuckDuckGo is a privacy-focused search engine that does not
track user activities or personalize search results.
● Baidu: Baidu is the leading search engine in China, offering search services in
Chinese language.

Materials Required:

● Computer with internet access

● Web browser
● Note-taking materials

Procedure:

● Introduction to Search Engines: Explain the concept of search engines and theirimportance
in accessing information on the web.
● Types of Search Engines: Describe the different types of search engines and their
characteristics.
● Examples Analysis: Show examples of popular search engines and discuss theirfeatures,
strengths, and weaknesses.
● Search Engine Comparison: Ask students to compare the search results of differentsearch
engines for the same query. Discuss the differences in results and possible reasons for
them.
● Discussion: Facilitate a discussion on the impact of search engines on information retrieval
and how they influence the way we access and consume information.
Conclusion:

In conclusion, search engines play a crucial role in helping users find information on the

internet. Understanding the different types of search engines and their features can help users

make more informed decisions when searching for information online.

Precautions:

● Remind students to use search engines responsibly and critically evaluate the
information they find online.
● Encourage students to explore advanced search features and techniques to improve
their search skills.
 EXPERIMENT – 5

Aim: To understand the concept of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and explore various

other languages used in creating websites.

Objective:

● To learn about the basic structure and elements of HTML.

● To explore other languages used in conjunction with HTML to create dynamic and
interactive websites.
● To understand the role of each language in the web development process.

Introduction:

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create web

pages. It defines the structure and content of a web page using a system of tags and attributes.

This lab will introduce students to HTML and other languages commonly used in web

development.

Theory:

a. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): HTML is the foundation of web

development. It is used to create the structure of a web page, including headings,
paragraphs, images, links, and other elements. HTML uses tags enclosed in angle
brackets (<>) to define these elements.
b. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): CSS is used to style the appearance of a web page
created with HTML. It allows developers to control the layout, colors, fonts, and
other visual aspects of a website. CSS can be applied directly to HTML elements or
linked as an external stylesheet.
c. JavaScript: JavaScript is a programming language used to make web pages
interactive and dynamic. It can be used to create animations, respond to user
actions, and manipulate content on the page. JavaScript is often used in conjunction
with HTML and CSS to create modern, responsive websites.
 d. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor): PHP is a server-side scripting language used for
creating dynamic web pages. It can interact with databases, handle form
submissions, and generate dynamic content based on user input. PHP code is
embedded within HTML pages and executed on the web server.
e. SQL (Structured Query Language): SQL is a language used to manage and
manipulatedatabases. It is often used in conjunction with server-side languages like
PHP to store and retrieve data for websites.

Materials Required:

● Computer with internet access

● Text editor (e.g., Notepad++, Sublime Text)
● Web browser

Procedure:

● Introduction to HTML: Explain the basic structure of HTML, including tags, elements, and
attributes. Demonstrate how to create a simple web page using HTML.
● CSS Demonstration: Introduce CSS and show how to style the HTML elements createdin
the previous step. Discuss the different ways CSS can be applied to a web page.
● JavaScript Overview: Briefly introduce JavaScript and its role in making web pages
interactive. Show examples of simple JavaScript functions and how they can be used to
enhance a web page.
● PHP and SQL Introduction: Explain the concepts of server-side scripting and databases.
Introduce PHP and SQL and discuss their role in creating dynamic websites.
● Discussion: Facilitate a discussion on the importance of each language in web development
and how they work together to create functional and visually appealing websites.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, HTML is the foundation of web development, while CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and

SQL are used to enhance and add functionality to web pages. Understanding these languages is

essential for anyone interested in pursuing a career in web development.

Precautions:

● Remind students to use proper syntax and coding practices when writing HTML, CSS,
JavaScript, PHP, and SQL code.
● Encourage students to explore online resources and tutorials to further enhance their
understanding of web development languages.
 EXPERIMENT - 6

Aim: To understand the key features of B2B (Business-to-Business) and B2C

(Business-to-Consumer) websites.

Objective:

● To differentiate between B2B and B2C business models.

● To identify the unique features of B2B and B2C websites.
● To analyze examples of B2B and B2C websites to understand how these features are
implemented.

Introduction:

B2B and B2C are two common business models in e-commerce, each targeting a different type of

customer. B2B businesses sell products or services to other businesses, while B2C businesses

sell directly to consumers. This lab will explore the key features of B2B and B2C websites and

how they cater to their respective audiences.

Theory:

B2B Website Features:

● Product Catalog: B2B websites often have a detailed product catalog showcasing
products or services tailored to business needs.
● Account Management: B2B websites may include features for managing accounts,
such as setting up multiple users, managing permissions, and trackingorder history.
● Quote and Proposal Generation: B2B websites may offer tools for generating
quotes and proposals, as well as negotiating pricing and terms.
● Integration with ERP Systems: B2B websites often integrate with enterprise
resource planning (ERP) systems for seamless order processing and inventory
management.
● Customization and Personalization: B2B websites may offer customization
options for products or services, as well as personalized pricing based on
customer needs.
 B2C Website Features:
● User-Friendly Interface: B2C websites focus on providing a user-friendly
experience, with easy navigation and intuitive design.
● Product Recommendations: B2C websites often use algorithms to recommend
products based on user behavior and preferences.
● Shopping Cart and Checkout: B2C websites have a shopping cart feature for
adding products and a streamlined checkout process for easy purchasing.
● Customer Reviews and Ratings: B2C websites often include customer reviews
and ratings to help shoppers make informed decisions.
● Promotions and Discounts: B2C websites may offer promotions, discounts, and
loyalty programs to attract and retain customers.

Materials Required:

● Computer with internet access

● Web browser
● Note-taking materials

Procedure:

● Introduction to B2B and B2C Websites: Explain the concepts of B2B and B2C
businessmodels and their target audiences.
● Features Analysis: Analyze examples of B2B and B2C websites, focusing on the
features listed above. Discuss how these features cater to the needs of their
respective audiences.
● Comparison: Facilitate a discussion comparing the features of B2B and B2C
websites. Discuss the similarities and differences in how these websites are
designed and function.
● Group Activity: Divide students into groups and assign each group a B2B or B2C
website to analyze. Have them identify and discuss the key features of the website
and how theycontribute to the overall user experience.
● Conclusion: Summarize the key points discussed and encourage students to think
about how they can apply these principles when designing their websites or
evaluating existing ones.
Precautions:

● Remind students to respect the privacy and security policies of the websites they
analyze and not to engage in any unauthorized activities.
● Encourage students to think critically about the features of B2B and B2C websites and
how they contribute to the overall success of the businesses.
 EXPERIMENT - 7

Aim: To understand the concept of HTML tags with attributes and how they are used to create

web pages.

Objective:

● To learn about the basic structure of HTML tags and their

attributes.

● To explore different types of HTML tags and their attributes.

● To create a simple web page using HTML tags with attributes.

Introduction:

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create web

pages. HTML tags are used to define the structure and content of a web page. Tags can have

attributes, which provide additional information about the element. This lab will introduce

students to HTML tags with attributes and how they are used in web development.

Theory:

HTML Tags: HTML tags are used to define elements on a web page. They are enclosedin
angle brackets (<>) and usually come in pairs, with an opening tag and a closing tag.For
example, <p>is the opening tag for a paragraph, and </p> is the closing tag.
Attributes: HTML attributes provide additional information about an element. They are
specified within the opening tag and are written as name-value pairs. For example, the
<img> tag is used to display an image, and it has attributes such as src (source) and
alt (alternate text).
Common HTML Tags with Attributes:
● <a> (Anchor): Used for creating hyperlinks. Attributes include href (hyperlink
reference) and target (specifies where to open the linked document).
● <img> (Image): Used for displaying images. Attributes include src (source of the
image) and alt (alternate text for the image).
● <table> (Table): Used for creating tables. Attributes include border (table border
width) and cellpadding (padding inside table cells).
● <input> (Input): Used for creating input fields. Attributes include type (type of
input field, such as text, checkbox, radio, etc.) and name (name of the input field).
Materials Required:

● Computer with internet access

● Text editor (e.g., Notepad++, Sublime Text)
● Web browser

Procedure:

● Introduction to HTML Tags and Attributes: Explain the concept of HTML tags and
attributes. Discuss how tags are used to define elements, and how attributes provide
additional information about these elements.
● Types of HTML Tags: Introduce students to different types of HTML tags and
their attributes. Show examples of common tags such as <a>, <img>, <table>, and
<input>.Hands-on Exercise: Have students create a simple web page using HTML
tags with attributes. Encourage them to include different types of elements (e.g.,
text, images, links) and use attributes to customize these elements.
● Review and Discussion: Review the web pages created by students and discuss
how they used HTML tags and attributes to structure their pages. Encourage
students to share their experiences and any challenges they faced.
● Conclusion: Summarize the key points discussed and emphasize the importance of
understanding HTML tags and attributes in web development.

Precautions:

● Remind students to use proper syntax and coding practices when writing HTML code.
● Encourage students to experiment with different tags and attributes to see how they
affect the appearance and functionality of their web pages.
 EXPERIMENT - 8

Aim: To understand the concept of tables and nested tables in HTML and how they areused to
display tabular data on a web page.

Objective:

● To learn about the basic structure of HTML tables.

● To understand how to create nested tables for more complex layouts.
● To create a web page using tables and nested tables to display data.

Introduction: HTML tables are used to display tabular data in rows and columns. They are
created using the <table>, <tr> (table row), <td> (table data), and <th> (table header) tags.
Nested tables are tables within tables, used to create more complex layouts. This labwill
introduce students to tables and nested tables in HTML.

Theory:

Basic Structure of HTML Tables:

● <table>: Defines a table.
● <tr>: Defines a row in a table.
● <td>: Defines a cell in a table row.
● <th>: Defines a header cell in a table.
Nested Tables:
● Tables can be nested within other tables to create more complex layouts.
● Each nested table is treated as a cell in the outer table.

Materials Required:

● Computer with internet access

● Text editor (e.g., Notepad++, Sublime Text)
● Web browser

Procedure:

● Introduction to HTML Tables: Explain the concept of HTML tables and how they
are used to display tabular data.
● Creating a Basic Table: Demonstrate how to create a basic table using the
● <table>, <tr>, <td>, and <th> tags. Show how to add data and headers to the
table.
 ● Creating Nested Tables: Introduce the concept of nested tables and show how to
create them by placing one table inside another. Explain how nested tables can
be used to create more complex layouts.
● Hands-on Exercise: Have students create a web page using tables and nested
● tables to display data. Encourage them to experiment with different table layouts
and styles.
● Review and Discussion: Review the web pages created by students and discussthe
different ways tables and nested tables can be used to display data.
● Encourage students to share their experiences and any challenges they faced.

Conclusion:
Summarize the key points discussed and emphasize the importanceof understanding
tables and nested tables in HTML for creating well-structuredweb pages.

Precautions:

● Remind students to use proper syntax and coding practices when creating tablesand nested
tables.
● Encourage students to explore CSS styling for tables to enhance the appearanceof their
web pages.