Arts10 - Q2 - Mod2 - TechnologyBasedArts - v2

10
Arts
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
TECHNOLOGY-BASED ARTS
(Digital Photography/Video
Games/Digital Painting/Imaging
Videos)
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

10
Arts
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
TECHNOLOGY-BASED ARTS
(Digital Photography/Video
Games/Digital
Painting/Imaging Videos)
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by
educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
Education at bukidnon@deped.gov.ph
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT
Note to the teacher/ Facilitator
Note to the Learner
Note to the Parents/Guardian
Module Icons
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW 1
WHAT I KNOW (PRE-TEST) 2
Lesson 1 Digital Photography

(Elements of Photography and Parts of the Camera – Day 1)
What I Need to Know 4

What I Know 5
What’s In 7
What’s New 8
What is it 11
What’s More 12
What I Have Learned 13
What I Can Do 15
Assessment 16
Additional Activities 18
Lesson 2 Digital Photography

(The Main Types of Digital Photography in Use Today and the
Types of Cameras – Day 2)
2
What I Know 20
What’s In 22
What’s New 23
What is it 26
What’s More 28
What I Can Do 32
Assessment 33
Lesson 3 Video Games (Day 3)

What I Know 37
What’s In 39
What’s New 39
What is it 40
What’s More 48
What I Can Do 50
Assessment 51
Lesson 4 Digital Painting/Imaging Videos (Day 4)

What I Know 55
What’s In 57
What’s New 57
What is it 58
What’s More 64
What I Can Do 68
Assessment 69
Post Test 72
Answer Keys
3
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Direction: Choose the letter only of the best answer. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Use ½ lengthwise.
1. It is regarded as one of the most vital parts of a camera.
A. aperture
B. image sensor
C. Lens
D. shutter release
2. What is the function of a flash in a camera?
A. It allows manual control of the camera’s focus.
B. It can be useful to provide a bit of extra light during dim, low light
situations.
C. It controls the amount of light reaching the image sensor.
D. It is used to set the manual focus of the camera.
3. The following are parts of a camera except ______________.
A. aperture
B. flash
C. focus ring.
D. shape
4. It is one of the basic elements of photography that uses warm or cool
colors to set a mood.
A. color
B. line
C. shape
D. texture
5. These are basic elements of photography that talks about the use of
lighting to bring out details of an object, making it easy to see whether a
surface is smooth or soft.
A. form
B. shape
C. space
D. texture
6. It is an art of generating or capturing an original image through the use
of a digital camera or a device with a built-in camera.
A. computer digital art
B. digital photography
C. mobile art
D. video games
1. What does the acronym DSLR stand for?

A. Digital Single-Lens Reflex
B. Digital Site-Lens Reflex
C. Distance Single-Lens Reflex
D. Distance Single-Lens Reflex
8. The following basic tips for taking photos are good except ______________.
A. check the available background is simple
B. choose a good location
C. take shots facing the light.
D. there is natural light in the outdoor
9. A digital photography used today for pets, animals or wildlife.
A. landscape/travel photography
B. portrait photography
4
C. wildlife photography
D. all of the above
10. It is known as compact camera designed primarily for simple operation.
A. digital single lens reflex camera
B. mobile camera
C. pinhole camera
D. point-and-shoot camera
11. It is known as a computer-generated and or manipulative form of art.
A. uter-digital art
B. modern art
C. technology-based art
D. visual arts
12. Magnetic resonance imaging involves radio waves and magnetic fields to
look at the organs and other structures in the body.
A. Magnetic resonance Imaging
B. Nuclear medicine
C. Ultrasound
D. X-ray
13. Which of the following is an example of a video game program that
emphasizes the visual structure of hypertext and does not require knowledge
of a programming language?
A. GameMaker
B. Stencyl
C. Twine
D. Twitch
14. Utilizes high frequency sound waves, which are reflected off tissue to create
images of organs,muscles, joints, and other soft tissues.
A. Mammography
B. Sonography
C. Utrasound
D. X-ray
15. It is a kind of program that allows users to design, draw and manipulate
objects.
A. Adobe
B. GIMP
C. Krita
D. MacPaint
This module was designed and written with you in mind. Now, let’s dwell
into digital photography. Here you will grasp the tips for taking good photographs
and become familiar with the process of using cameras either digital or any device
with the built-in camera like your mobile phone, android device or tablet.
The module contains one main lesson:
Lesson 1 - Digital Photography

Elements of Photography and Parts and Functions of a Camera (Day 1)
After going through this module, you are expected to:
5
1. explain the role or functions of artworks by evaluating their utilization and
combination of art elements and principles (A10PL-IIh-2);
2. use artworks to derive traditions/history of a community (e.g. landscape
images of people at work and play, portrait studies, etc.) (A10PL-IIh-3);
1. It is more than an art that uses a camera or a device with a built-in camera
to produce images focused by a lens.
C. mobile art
D. video games
A. aperture
B. image sensor
C. Lens
D. shutter release
3. What is the function of the image sensor of the camera?
A. It allows the light to enter the screen.
B. It is the area on the camera that you look through in order to compose
your shot.
C. It is the main portion of the camera.
D. It converts the optical image to an electronic signal, which is then sent
to your memory card.
4. Which part of a camera affects the image’s exposure by changing the
diameter of the lens opening?
A. aperture
B. body
C. image sensor
D. shutter release
situations.
6. It is one of the features of camera that allows you to select different options
such as automatic, program, sports or macro.
A. body
B. flash
C. focus ring
D. mode dial
6
A. aperture
B. flash
C. focus ring.
D. shape
8. Where can you find LCD screen on a camera?
A. back part of a camera
B. front part of a camera
C. side part of a camera
D. top part of a camera
9. It is one of the basic elements of photography that uses warm or cool colors to
set a mood.
A. color
B. line
C. shape
D. texture
10. A basic element of photography that uses three dimensional representation
of objects.
A. color
B. form
C. pattern
D. shape
11. These are basic elements of photography that talks about the use of lighting
to bring out details of an object, making it easy to see whether a surface is
smooth or soft.
A. form
B. shape
C. space
D. texture
12. Which describes a pattern?
A. The use of lighting to bring out details of an object.
B. The use of negative and positive space in an object.
C. The use of repetition to create an interesting photo.
D. The use of warm and cool colors to set a mood.
13. It is an element of photography either negative or positive space which can
be used to make a statement and often seen when using the rule of thirds.
A. color
B. form
C. line
D. space
14. If you are to take photos, what are you going to consider?
A. camera
B. elements of photography
C. good location and the subject
D. all of the above
15. What is the main function of shutter release in a camera?
A. It is the area on the camera that you look through in order to compose
your shot.
B. It is the main portion of the camera.
C. It is simply the button on the camera that is used to snap the picture.
7
Lesson Digital Photography
1 (Technology-based Arts)
Hello digital artist!

What’s In After delving into the
mobile arts, we will
have Digital
Photography this
time. Are you ready?
This lesson contains technology-based arts on digital photography. A parcel

of this discusses digital photography, the parts and the basic functions of camera
prevalently used to capture images. The lesson needs thorough understanding
especially on the seven basic elements of photography that a photographer can
used to make a perfect shot.
On the first module on Computer/Digital Arts, it is presumed that you have

learned many programs and applications that are constantly being developed with
even the newest, the exciting, and the fun features and modalities using Mobile
Phone Art/Computer-generated Images. With this, you are going to learn this time
the basic guidelines for capturing a quality photographic image using digital
photography.
Notes to the Teacher

Remind the students to prepare their laptop, tablet, digital cameras or an
android phone. If not available ask them to borrow from any member of
the family or their relatives.
8
Digital camera is a camera that captures photographs in digital memory.
It can display images on a screen immediately after being recorded. It also stores
and delete images from memory. Many digital cameras can also record moving
videos with sound.
The Different Parts of a Camera
Flash
Main Control Dial
Viewfinder
Shutter button
Power Switch
LCD Display
Mode Dial
Cross Key
Focus Mode Switch
Play Button Memory Card Slot
Flash Button Erase Button
Lens Release Button
Lens
Image credit to www.pinterest.com
Now, let us discover the

parts and functions of a
camera.
Parts of a Camera Functions
9
1. Lens The lens is one of the most vital parts
of a camera, where light enters
through the lens, and this where the
photo process begins. This can be
either fixed permanently or
Image credit to www.pixelrajeev.com
interchangeable. Also vary in focal
length, its aperture and other details.
2. Viewfinder The viewfinder is the area on the
camera that you look through in order
to compose your shot.

3. Mode Dial The mode dial allows you to select
different options, such as automatic
mode, program mode, sports mode or
macro mode.

4. Flash The flash can be sometimes useful to
provide a bit of extra light during dim,
low light situations.

5. Main Control Dial The main control dial is a multi-
purpose dial that allows you to
perform tasks such as adjusting the
value for shooting settings and
jumping through playback images.
Image credit to https://snapshot.canonasia.com
6. Shutter Button This is simply the button on the
camera that is used to snap the
picture. It opens and closes the
shutter, allowing the necessary light
and information to enter the camera.
Image credit to https://snapshot.canon.asia.com
7. Power Switch This switch is use to power on or

power off the camera. When the power
of the camera is left on for a prolonged
period of time, it switches
automatically to the standby mode to
conserve power.
8. Cross Key/Multi-Controller Key The cross key or multi-controller keys
are directional buttons that allow you
to move between menu items, move a
magnified display to a different point
during image playback.
10
9. LCD Display The LCD screen is found on the back
of the body and can vary in size. For
digital compact cameras, the LCD has
typically replace the viewfinder c
completely. For digital single lens
reflex cameras the LCD is mainly for
viewing photos after shooting.
10. Focus Mode Switch This switch is use to set the focusing
mode to automatic

11. Erase Button The erase button is used to erase
unwanted images.

12. Flash Button The flash button is used to pop up the
built-in flash.

13. Play Button This button is used to play back
images you have captured. Pressing
the button once displays the last
image you captured or showed on the
LCD monitor.
14. Lens Release Button When you want to detach the lens,
press this button. The lens lock pin
retracts when the button is pressed
enabling you to turn the lens freely.
15. Memory Card Slot The area/slot where you can insert the
memory card for recording images.
The type of card usable varies with the
camera model.
Nice one! Let

What is It us discover
more.
11
The Seven Basic Elements of Photography
Color Form Line Pattern Shape
Commented [u1]:
Commented [u2R1]:
Can be vertical, Two-

These can be Three- The used of dimensional
dimensional horizontal, repetition to create
cool or warm curves or representation
colors to set representation an interesting of objects.
of objects. jagged. photo.
a mood.
Space Texture
Either negative or The use of lighting

positive space can to bring out details
be used to make a of an object,
statement and making easy to see
often seen when whether a surface
using the rule of is smooth or soft.
thirds.
Activity 1.IDENTIFICATION.Direction: Identify the parts of a camera. Write your

answer on a separate sheet of paper. Use a ¼ size sheet of paper.
12
What’s
1.
More
2. You’re doing
well! Let’s try
3. this next
4. activity.
That’s great
teacher! I am so 6.
5.
excited for the
next activity. 7.
8.
9.
10. 11.
6.
6.
12. 13.
6.
14.
6.
15.
6.
6.
Image credit to www.pinterest.com
What I Have Learned

You made it!
Now, let’s try
this.
13
MATCHING TYPE. Direction: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of
the best answer on a separate sheet of paper. Do it in a ½
crosswise.
Column A Column B
1.
A. Flash
2. B. Mode Dial
3.
C. Lens
4.
D. Play Button
5.
E. Viewfinder
6.
F. Main Control Dial
7.
G. Erase Button
8.
H. Lens Release
Button
9.
I. Cross Key Controller
14
10.
J. Power Switch
11.
K. LCD Display
12.
L. Focus Mode Switch
13.
M. Shutter Button
14.
N. Memory Card Slot
O. Flash Button
15.
P. Shooting Mode
What I Can Do Thank you teacher

for this next
learning tasks.
15
Now that you have fully understood the lesson, with your available digital camera or
android phone. Draw a camera or take photos of your own camera and generate your
output. Paste your photos or outputs on another sheet of paper and label the parts.
Outputs will be graded using the given rubrics.
Rubrics.
Image quality - 50%
Content and specificity - 30%
Creativity - 20%
Total: - 100%
Paste here
Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the main function of shutter release in a camera?

A. It is the area on the camera that you look through in order to compose
your shot.
16
B. It is the main portion of the camera.
C. It is simply the button on the camera that is used to snap the picture.
A. camera
B. elements of photography
C. good location and the subject
D. all of the above
3. It is an elements of photography either negative or positive space can be used
to make a statement and often seen when using the rule of thirds.
A. color
B. form
C. line
D. space
4. Which describes a pattern?
A. The use of lighting to bring out details of an object.
B. The use of negative and positive space in an object.
C. The use of repetition to create an interesting photo.
D. The use of warm and cool colors to set a mood.
5. These are basic elements of photography that talks about the use of lighting
to bring out details of an object, making it easy to see whether a surface is
smooth or soft.
A. form
B. shape
C. space
D. texture
6. A basic elements of photography that uses three dimensional representation
of objects.
A. color
B. form
C. pattern
D. shape
7. It is one of the basic elements of photography that uses warm or cool colors to
set a mood.
A. color
B. line
C. shape
D. texture
8. Where can you find LCD screen on a camera?

A. back part of a camera
B. front part of a camera
C. side part of a camera
D. top part of a camera
A. aperture
B. flash
C. focus ring.
D. shape
17
6. 10. It is one of the features of camera that allows you to select different
options,
such as automatic, program, sports or macro.
A. body
B. flash
C. focus ring
D. mode dial
situations.
D. It is use to set the manual focus of the camera.
A. aperture
B. body
C. image sensor
D. shutter release
B. It is the area on the camera that you look through in order to compose
your shot.
A. aperture
B. image sensor
C. Lens
D. shutter release
15. It is more than an art that uses a camera or a device with a built-in camera to
produce images focused by a lens.
C. mobile art
D. video games
Additional Activities
Good Job!
Now for your
final activity.
IDENTIFICATION. Direction: Remember the parts of Camera? Label the parts of a

camera and give its corresponding function. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
18
4.
3.
2.
1.
Image credit to w.pinterest.com
What I Need to Know

Now that you
mastered Module 1,
let us now explore
another exciting
technology- based
arts.
This module was designed and written with you in mind. Now, let’s dwell
into digital photography. Here you will grasp the tips for taking good photographs
and become familiar with the process of using cameras either digital or any device
with the built in camera like your mobile phone, android device or tablet.
19
The module contains one main lesson:
Lesson 2 - Digital Photography

The Main Types of Prevalently Used Cameras and the Main Types of
Digital Photography in Used Today (Day 2)
1. compare the characteristics of artworks in the 21st century (A10-PL-IIh-4);

and
2. create artworks that can be locally assembled with local materials guided
with 21st century techniques (A10PR-Ik-e-1).
Hello young
artist, let’s
answer this
What I Know first! Enjoy!
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Direction. Choose the letter only of the best answer. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Use ½ crosswise.
1. It is an art of generating or capturing an original image through the use of a
digital camera or a device with a built-in camera.
C. mobile art
D. video games
20
2. A type of digital camera which automatically makes all the adjustments in
lighting, focus, zoom-in and zoom-out, even removal of “red eye” which the user
being given some leeway for slight adjustments.
A. digital-single-lens camera
B. mobile camera
C. pinhole camera
3. What statement best describes digital photography?
A. It allows to generate original works of art for entire range of purpose.
B. It is the art and science of producing and manipulating digital
photographs
C. It makes use of electronic and mechanical devices, rather than artist’s
own hand
D. All of the above statements are correct
4. Which among the digital types of camera gives the photographer much
more artistic freedom and control to select the camera settings to create
the desired final image with the preferred visual effects?
A. digital single-lens reflex camera
B. mobile camera
C. pinhole camera
B. mobile camera
C. pinhole camera
8. When was the first digital camera invented?
A. 1970
B. 1975
C. 2000
D. 2010
9. It is one of the seven elements of photography that can be set horizontally,
vertically, jagged or curved.
A. color
B. form
C. line
D. shape
21
D. all of the above
11. These are photographs of poised and candid people.
A. Landscape/travel photography
B. Portrait photography
C. Still life photography
D. Wildlife photography
12. Which describes point-and-shoot camera?
A. It has autofocus lens.
B. It uses focus free lens.
C. It has a simple operation.
D. It automatically makes adjustment and good quality shots.
13. It is a type of digital photography wherein a variation of clothes, models, are
taken while subjects are in action.
A. fashion photography
C. still life photography
D. wildlife photography
A. chosen subject
B. good location
C. natural light or the most fluttering or effective light
D. all of the above
15. What is the ideal or best light for taking photos?
A. first hour before sunrise
B. first hour before noon time and last hour before midnight
C. second hour after sunset
D. within the first hour after the sunrise and last hour before sunset
Lesson Digital Photography

2 (Technology-based Arts)
Hello digital artist!

After having
What’s In mobile arts, we
will have Digital
Photography this
time. Are you
ready?
22
This lesson contains technology-based arts on digital photography. A parcel
of this discusses digital photography, the main types of prevalently used digital
photography and the types of cameras to capture images. The lesson needs
thorough understanding especially on the basic tips for taking good photographs
for you to generate quality outputs.
On the first module on Computer/Digital Arts, it is presumed that you have

learned many programs and applications that are constantly being developed with
even the newest, the exciting, and the fun features and modalities using Mobile
Phone Art/Computer-generated Images. With this, you are going to learn this time
the basic guidelines for capturing a quality photographic image using digital
photography.
Notes to the Teacher

Remind the students to prepare their laptop, tablet, digital cameras or an
android phone. If not available ask them to borrow from any member of
the family or their relatives.
Hello
learners!
What’s New What do you
know about
digital
photography?
Digital photography is a photography that uses digital cameras to capture

images. A digital camera or any device with a built-in camera like your mobile
phone, android device or tablet is used with an array of electronic photo detectors
to capture the image focused by the lens. The image captured is digitized and
stored as a file ready for digital processing, viewing or printing.
Photography is the art of creating images by recording light or

electronically by means of an image sensor or light sensitive material like
photographic film.
23
Digital camera is a camera that stores the photos and videos it takes in an
electronic format instead of a film (e.g. Non Single Lens Reflex SLR or compact
camera, Digital Single Lens Reflex DSLR camera).
In 1975, the first self-contained (portable) digital camera was created by Steve
Sasson of Eastman Kodak. Sasson’s camera used Charged-Coupled Device CCD
image sensor chips developed by Fairchild Semiconductor in 1973, that uses a
Charged-Coupled Device CCD image sensor, stored digital pictures and directly
connected to a computer for downloading images.
Wow! That’s
exciting teacher!
We are all set
for this session.
The Types of Cameras Used in Digital Photography:
Item/Picture Type of Camera Description

Also known as
compact camera and
is a still camera
designed for simple
Point-and-Shoot type operation. Mostly uses
camera focus free lenses or
autofocus for focusing,
automatic systems for
setting the exposure
(Image credit to the author)
options and have built-
in flash units.
An acronym of DSLR,
is a digital camera that
combines the optics
and the mechanisms
of a single-lens reflex
camera with a digital
imaging sensor. A
digital type camera
that gives the
photographer much
Digital Single Lens more artistic freedom
Reflex type camera and control to select
the camera settings to
create the desired
final image with the
preferred visual
effects.
24
Considered the
earliest camera, it is a
closed box with a
small hole drilled into
one wall. When the
Pinhole Camera light hits the box, the
beams enter the hole
and the projected
image is the same as
(Image credit to Kareywalter.weebly.com)
what the outside looks
like but it is inverted.
A camera phone which
is able to capture
photographs and often
record video using one
or more built-in digital
Mobile Phone cameras which can
Camera also send the image
over the telephone
function.
Now,
consider
these points.
Basic Tips for Taking Good Photographs

Whether you are using a point-and-shoot camera, Digital Single Lens Reflex
(DSLR) or a device with a built-in camera, like your mobile phone, android device
or tablet, there are basic guidelines or tips for capturing a good quality
photographic image:
1. Choose a good location- An interesting location can sometimes make the
difference between a good and great photos.
2. Check that the available background is relatively simple and not too ruckus so
that the focus will be on your chosen subject.
3. Natural light in the outdoors or near a window is usually the most effective for
any kind of the subject. Ideally, the best light for photos is within the first
hour after sunrise and the last hour before the sunset.
4. Avoid taking shots facing the light, as this would make your subject back-lit
and most of the details would be lost in a shadow.
5. If you intend to take a posed shot, position your subject where you want in
relation to the location, background and source of light.
6. If you intend to take a candid shot, position yourself where you can capture
the most interesting, amusing, touching or engaging moment or expression.
7. Take a variety of shots- ranging from far shots showing the surroundings, to
medium-distance shots concentrating on the main subject, to tight or close-up
shots that focus on details of the subject. You can then choose from among all
of these, the best photos.
25
Activity 1. Picture Analysis: Direction: Column A shows pictures of different
cameras. Match it with its corresponding name found on column B.
Write the letter of your best answer on a sheet of paper.
Column A
Column B
1.
a. Non SLR or Point and Shoot

Digital Camera
2.
b. Pinhole Camera

c. Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR)
Camera
3. d. Mobile Phone Camera

4.
e. video Camera
(Image credit to Kareywalter.weebly.com)
If you are going to take photographs, what specific types of camera are you
going to use? Why? Write your responses on another sheet of paper.
Nice one! Let

us explore
some more.
What is It
The Main Types of Digital Photography in Use Today
26
Fashion
Portrait
Photography
Photography
Landscape/ Still Life Wildlife/
Travel Photography Animal
Photography Photography
1. Portrait Photography- These are photographs of poised and candid people.

2.Landscape/Travel Photography- These are photos of places.
(Image credited to the author)

(Image credited to the author)
3. Still Life Photography- These are photos of stationary objects.
27
(Image credited to the author) (Image credited to the author)
4. Wildlife/Animal Photography- These are photos of pets, animals or wildlife.
(Image credited to the author) (Image credited to the author)
5. Fashion Photography – is a genre of photography which is devoted to

displaying clothing and other fashion items.
Image credited to the author Image credited to the author
What’s More
Congratulations!
You’re doing well!
That was a Let’s try this next
terrific lesson activity.
teacher! I am
so excited for
the next
activity.
28
Activity 1.IDENTIFICATION.Direction: Identify the types of camera and the main
types of digital photography used today. Do it in your
answer sheet.
1. 2.
.
Image credit to the author Image credit to the author
__________________________ ____________________________
3. 4.
(Image credit to the author) (Image credit to the author)

________________________ ____________________________
5. 6.

_______________________ ____________________________
7. 8.
29
_____________________________ ______________________________
9. 10.

_____________________________ ______________________________
11. 12.

_____________________________ ______________________________
30
13. 14.

_____________________________ ______________________________
15.
Image credit to the author

_____________________________
What I Have Learned

Bravo! You made it! You
showed enthusiasm and
perseverance in learning
this module. Now, let’s
try this.
To test your depth in understanding and mastery of the lesson, answer this activity.
FILL-IN THE BLANKS. Direction: Given the pool of choices below, pick out the best
answer to complete the missing word/s in the paragraph. Write your answer on a Commented [u3]:
separate sheet of paper. Do it in a ½ crosswise.
great photos poised shot
candid shot
images sensor or light sensitive
digital cameras
material
31
interesting location simple
facing the light
light subject
fashion items
photography sunset
first hour
Digital photography is a photography that uses 1. ________________ to
capture 2. _____________. A digital camera or any device with a built-in camera like
your mobile phone, android device or tablet is used with an array of electronic
photo detectors to capture the image focused by the lens. The image captured is
digitized and stored as a file ready for digital processing, viewing or printing. 3.
___________ is the art of creating images by recording light or electronically by
means of an 4. ____________ like photographic film. For capturing a good quality
photographic image, an 5. ______________ can sometimes make the difference
between a good and 6. ______________.Check that the available background is
relatively 7. ________ and not too ruckus so that the focus will be on your chosen
subject. Natural light in the outdoors or near a window is usually the most effective
for any kind of the subject. Ideally, the best light for photos is within the 8.________
after sunrise and the last hour before the 9.___________.Avoid taking shots 10.
___________, as this would make your 11. __________ back-lit and most of the
details would be lost in a shadow. If you intend to take a 12._____________, position
your subject where you want in relation to the location, background and source of
13.______________.If you intend to take a 14.______________, position yourself
where you can capture the most interesting, amusing, touching or engaging
moment or expression. Fashion Photography is a genre of photography which is
devoted to displaying clothing and other 15._____________________.
What I Can Do
Thank you
teacher for
this next set
of learning
tasks.
Now that you have fully mastered the lesson on digital photography and learned the
skills on taking good photographs, use your available digital camera or android
phone. Take photos and generate your output. Paste your quality photos on another
sheet of paper. Outputs will be graded using the given rubrics.
Rubrics.
Image quality - 50%
Theme - 30%
Creativity - 20%
Total: - 100%
32
Paste here
Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Direction. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. These are photographs of poised and candid people.
A. Landscape/travel photography
B. Portrait photography
C. Still life photography
D. Wildlife photography
2. Why one of the camera called point-and-shoot camera?
A. it has autofocus lens
B. use focus free lens
C. it has a simple operation.
D. It automatically makes adjustment and good quality shots
3. It is a type of digital photography wherein a variation of clothes, models, are
taken while subjects are in action.
A. fashion photography
C. still life photography
D. wildlife photography
A. chosen subject
B. good location
33
C. natural light or the most fluttering or effective light
D. All of the above
5. What is the ideal or best light for taking photos?
A. first hour before sunrise
B. first hour before noon time and last hour before midnight
C. second hour after sunset
D. within the first hour after the sunrise and last hour before sunset
A. digital single reflex camera
B. mobile camera
C. pinhole camera
7. The following basic tips for taking photos are good except _______________.
8. When was the first digital camera invented?
A. 1970
B. 1975
C. 2000
D. 2010
9. It is one of the seven elements of photography that can be set horizontally,

vertically, jagged or curved.
A. color
B. form
C. line
D. shape
10. A digital photography used today for pets, animals or wildlife?
D. all of the above
11. It is an art of generating or capturing an original image through the use of a
digital camera or a device with a built-in camera.
A. computer digital Art
C. mobile art
D. video games
12. A type of digital camera which automatically makes all the adjustments in
lighting, focus, zoom-in and zoom-out even removal of “red
eye” which the user being given some leeway for slight adjustments.
A. digital-single-lens camera .
B. mobile camera
C. pinhole camera
13. What statement best describes digital photography?
A. It allows to generate original works of art for entire range of purpose.
34
B. It is the art and science of producing and manipulating digital
photographs.
C. It make use of electronic and mechanical devices rather than the artist
own hands.
D. All of the above statements are correct.
14. Which among the digital type of camera gives the photographer much
more artistic freedom and control to select the camera settings to create the
desired final image with the preferred visual effects.
A. digital single-lens reflex camera
B. mobile camera
C. pinhole camera
Good Job!
Now for
your last
activity.
POINT, SHOOT AND GENERATE:

Direction. With your available digital camera at hand, capture the different types of
digital photography. Then create or generate your own simple photographs guided
with 21st century techniques. Paste your simple photographs on a separate sheet of
paper. Use 1 whole sheet of paper or A4 size bond paper.
Rubrics:
Image quality - 50%
Concept/Content/Theme - 30%
Creativity/Originality - 20%
Total: - 100%
Portrait Photography Landscape/travel Photography
Still Life Photography

35
What I Need to Know
Hello young
artists! Let us
together discover
what more
technology based
arts can offer.
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Technology-based Arts. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module contains one main lesson,

 Lesson 3 – Video Games

1. explain the influence of technology in the 21st Century in the evolution of
various forms of art;( Day 3)
2. apply different media techniques and processes to communicate ideas;(Day 4)
3. evaluate work of art in terms of artistic concepts and ideas using criteria
appropriate for the style or form.(Day 4)
36
First, you have to
What I Know know the
highlights of this
content by
answering this
pre-test. Have fun!
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. It is a video game development tool that allows users to create 2D video games
for computers, mobile devices, and the web.
A. gamemaker
B. stencyl
C. twine
D. twitch
2. It is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its
angle or direction to the device it is controlling.
A. Actuator
B. Joystick
C. Nintendo Switch
D. Spring
3. This refers to a shaped enhancement surrounding the bottom of the shaft or
the levers on levered micro switches.
A. Actuator
B. Mounting Plate
C. Shaft/Stick
D. Spring
4. Which of the following is not an example of programs that can be used to
develop video games?
A. gamemaker
B. stencyl
C. twine
D. twitch
5. This refers to a game played by electronically manipulating images produced
by a computer on a television screen or other display screen.
A. computer games
B. imaging videos
C. video games
37
D. video technology
6. It is a hybrid console that can be used as a home console and portable device.
A. Controllers
B. Dock
C. Joystick
D. Nintendo Switch
7. It is a kind of technology that involves the recording and playing back of
moving pictures and sound.
A. technology-based art
B. video games
C. video technology
D. Youtube
8. It is considered as one of the video game play elements which always
represents a challenge, be it physical obstacles, combat with another player
or a puzzle to be solved.
A. capture
B. conflict
C. cooperation/competition
D. strategy
9. What do you call an online platform made for the sole purpose of sharing
videos?
A. Ctrl+Paint
B. Twine
C. Twitch
D. Youtube
10. Which of the following statement is true about Restrictor Gate?
A. It give users more control over their mobility with a joystick handle designed
to meet their needs.
B. It is a plate with a specifically shaped hole, like a square or circle, that
determines physically where the joystick can be moved.
C. It is a small, flat, curved plate of metal shaped.
D. It refers to a shaped enhancement surrounding the bottom of the shaft.
11. How are video games created?
A. through graphic designing and programming
B. through the interest of the game developer
C. through the use of electronic devices
D. using a graphic software program to create an artwork that is totally virtual
A. computer-digital art
B. modern art
D. visual arts
13. Which of the following is an example of a video game program that emphasizes
the visual structure of hypertext and does not require knowledge of a
programming language?
A. GameMaker
B. Stencyl
C. Twine
D. Twitch
14. How does a joystick work?
A. It can be used individually in the hand supporting local multiplayer modes.
B. It connects to a grip accessory to provide a traditional home console game
pad form.
38
C. It translates sound waves bouncing off physical objects.
D. It translates the movement of your hand into a digital format and sends it
to the PC software for interpretation.
15. How are Video Game Ideas developed?
A. by attending to the details of the game
B. by conceptualizing the story of the game
C. by creating sketches of all the characters as well as the dialogue, action and
movement
D. by developing through the interest of the game developer as well as their
knowledge about it.
Lesson
Video Games
3 (Technology-based Art)
What’s In
On the previous modules, you have learned about the different technology-
based art forms. Module 1 taught you about computer/digital arts and the basics of
mobile phone photography, while module 2 gave you the knowledge on digital
photography. This time, you will be more equipped with technology-based arts as
you will discover the world of video games/digital painting/imaging videos. So, have
fun dear learner!
What’s New
For today’s younger generation that grew up in a digital world, even
entertainment now comes courtesy of computer devices. A major component of such
entertainment is in the form of video games of every conceivable genre, subject
matter, and skill level.
Video games are immensely popular, particularly among teens and young
adults. Yet there is much to learn about the content and context of teens’ gaming
experiences, the mechanics of their play, and the relationships between playing
games and a range of academic, social, and civic outcomes.
According to study, not all video games are bad for teens; some games
encourage positive behaviour.
39
Note to the Teacher and Parents
Technology isn’t going anywhere, it will continue to evolve at an ever-
changing speed. There’s no doubt that both traditional and digital art creation
are essential. We need to find ways to use them together to create the best
learning opportunities for our students.
What is It
Video Games Defined

Video Games are played by electronically manipulating images produced by a
computer program on a television or display screen. It is a major component of
entertainment. These range from educational games and mind twisters, to building
and construction games and to physical interaction by the users (sports, fitness,
dance). There are also popular games of strategy, war, science fiction, and mythical
words that employ amazingly complex and realistic
graphics, motion, sound, and other special
effects.
Video games have been a

part of children’s life for the past
few decades. One of the most
positive effects of video games is
increasing the dexterity of a child
and improving his or her hand-eye
coordination.
VIDEO GAME PLAY ELEMENTS http://images.app.goo.gl/EFp5EUg5Gu8wk9EdA
40
Every game has “elements” or features that keep people engaged. Some games
have a lot; others have very few. The choice of what to include should be deliberate.
With learning games, you should consider how each element supports the learning
process. There are many game elements you can include; this graphic shows 12
common ones:
Because there are so many, we

will only focus on the first five. This is not
an exclusive list of game elements and by
combining them, it is possible to create
different game elements as well as novel
forms of interaction and gameplay. With
these tools, you will hopefully be able to
create meaningful decisions in your own
games.
BY PLATFORM:
It is the nature of hardware where the video
game is played. Video games can be played
through your mobile phones, or your desktop
or it can be both if you have the availability of
both devices. With this, the first video game element is incorporated to this
1. Conflict
For a game to be interesting, there needs to be some sort of conflict. Conflict

comes in many forms, but it always represents a challenge for the player to overcome.
The challenge could be physical obstacles, it could be combat with another player,
or it could be a puzzle that has to be solved. Conflict emerges through procedures
and rules in the game that prevent a player from achieving their goal. Objectives
often guide players to these conflict situations. Conflict emerges when objectives
guide players toward rules and procedures that work against the player goal.
Three types of conflict common in games:
1. Obstacles. These can be in

physical or mental form.
Physical obstacles could be
the length of your Pinball
flippers or the bumpers that
the ball bounces off of. Mental
obstacles can be a missing
item to complete a riddle in an
adventure game or the
challenge of calculating the
right numbers in Sudoku.
41
2. Opponents. Other players in a game or computer-controlled enemies.
3. Dilemmas. These are problematic choices that a player is faced with. It’s
a strategic decision, where the consequences have to be weighted before
proceeding.
4. Cooperation and/or competition

With learning games, cooperation is often a better element to use than
competition alone. Direct competition with other players can demotivate learners or
set up a negative dynamic. In contrast, cooperation between players to overcome a
game challenge can often motivate players and foster teamwork. Cooperation gets
people working together; competition pits people against one another. Only one
person or team wins—while everyone else
loses. The players’ focus is very different

depending on which element you employ or how you combine the two elements
together. Competition can be appropriate, but you need to consider the outcomes it
can produce.
BY MODE:
Usually refers to variations of players. In a game, before you play there are options
to choose either you can play it as a single player, in dual or two players and in
multiple players or by four.
1. Players
Game design calls for players to interact with one another and the game system.
Players are voluntary, active participants in the entertainment activity. They partake
they consume and are invested in it. They can be potential winners of the activity.
The number of players can be variable or fixed for a game. Players will have different
experiences based on the amount of other players partaking in a game. Different
players can adopt different roles during play. Players can play in teams and define
actions for team members. Within role playing games, a player’s role can facilitate or
inhibit a player action, but often players have different play styles, which allows for
different matches even when players play the same role.
2. Strategy and Chance
Strategy puts control into the player’s realm in the form of decisions they can
make that affect gameplay or their odds of achieving the goal. On the other hand,
42
games that are heavily based on chance put the player in a highly reactive mode, one
where they have little control over the outcome.
A game can have neither strategy nor chance, it can combine both, or it can only
focus on one. Gambling games are largely games of chance. Games with little or no
strategy or chance can be less interesting to play than those that use these elements.
BY NARRATIVE:
It is associated by what genre or type the game is but at the same time is the
objectives of the game as well as the rules.
1. Objectives.
Objectives are important for the motivation of your players to engage in gameplay.
The best game goals seem attainable but are still perceived as challenging. You want
to be able to work as hard as necessary to achieve your own objectives as a player in
a game. The player’s need to complete objectives serves as a measure of player
involvement in games. Below is a list of the following objective types in more detail:
 Capture. Players have to avoid getting captured or killed while destroying

some opponent properties (commonly some form of terrain or units).
 Chase. Players have to elude or catch an opponent.
 Race. Players have to reach a goal before anyone else does.
 Alignment. Players have to align their pieces in a spatial or conceptual
configuration.
 Rescue or Escape. Players have to get some defined units or items to safety
without being compromised.
 Forbidden Act. Players have to get the opponents to break the rules or to
abandon a strategy.
 Construction. Players have to construct, maintain, or manage game objects.
 Exploration. Players have to explore unknown game areas.
 Solution. Players have to solve a problem or puzzle (sometimes before the
opponents solve it).
 Outwit. Players have to gain and use knowledge to outwit their opponents.
2. Procedures.
Player actions as specified by procedures can be split up into the following:
1. Starting (How the game is put into play, also leading into on boarding of
players)
2. Progression (These are the ongoing procedures running during gameplay)
3. Special (These are actions that are only available based on other elements
and changes to the game state)
4. Resolving (These actions bring your game to an end)
43
Below are some of the applications used for video gaming:
1. Twine – is a free open-source tool created by Chris Kilmas for making
interactive fiction in the form of web pages/ It is available on Mac OS X,
Windows and Linux
2. GameMaker - emphasizes the visual structure of hypertext, and does not

require knowledge of programming language as many other game
development tools do.
3. Stencyl –
is a video game
development
tool that allows users to create 2D video games for computers, mobile
devices, and the web.
44
Now, let us get to
know the joystick and
switch
What is a Joystick?
The name "joystick" is thought to originate with early 20th century French
pilot Robert Esnault-Pelterie. He is alleged to have invented the “George Stick” which
became more popularly known as the joystick. A joystick is an input device consisting
of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is
controlling. Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have one or
more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer. The joystick is
probably the most essential devices that gamers encounter in the video game parlor.
How does a joystick work?

It translates the movement of your hand into a digital format and sends it to
the PC software for interpretation to perform the necessary action.
Parts of the Joystick
JOYSTICK COMPONENTS:
1. Pivot – the area in which the shaft swivels. A part surrounding the shaft is
usually placed her to assist in this; it comes in shapes like cylinders and half-
spheres set in a plate that is contoured for smooth movement.
2. Spring – the mechanism most joysticks use for automatically resetting the
shaft to neutral. Some joysticks use magnets for this. Thicker and/or larger
45
springs make the reset stronger and movements more affected. A part is often
added to secure the spring below the pivot.
3. Actuator – gives the bottom of the shaft more area and precision in pressing
the switches. It refer to a shaped enhancement surrounding the bottom of the
shaft or the levers on levered micro switches.
4. E-ring (also called E-clip) – is a small, flat, curved plate of metal shaped like
the letter “E”, it is a type of retaining ring(also called a circlip or snap ring)
which is a type of fastener. It attaches to the bottom of the shaft, aligning and
securing the parts along it.
5. Mounting Plate – the plate of the joystick attached directly and securely to
the control panel. This and dust washer are the only two parts of the joystick
that need to touch the control panel.
6. Guide/Dust washer/Disk/Cover – specifically shaped hole, like a square or
circle, that determines physically where the joystick can be moved. It is
generally attached on the bottom of the joystick, restricting the bottom of the
shaft.
7. Wire Harness/Microswitch – some joysticks have the microswitches attached
to the PCB into which a wire harness (wires aligned along a plug) is inserted
instead of having to wire each of the microswitches around the bottom of the
joystick.
8. Handle/Top – the held part at the top of the stick which usually comes in 2
shapes: a ball top or tear drop/bat top
9. Shaft/Stick – give users more control over their mobility with a joystick
handle designed to meet their needs.
10. Restrictor Gate – is a plate with a specifically shaped hole, like a square or
circle, that determines physically where the joystick can be moved. It is
generally attached on the bottom of the joystick.
In the Modern Era, there is also what we call a Nintendo Switch. 21st century
learners use Nintendo switch in a highly advanced gaming system.
Nintendo Switch
It is a hybrid console that can be used as a home console and portable device.
Its wireless Joy-Con controllers, with standard buttons and directional analogue
sticks for user input, motion sensing, and tactile feedback, can attach to both sides
of the console to support handheld-style play. They can also connect to a grip
accessory to provide a traditional home console gamepad form, or be used
individually in the hand supporting local multiplayer modes.
The Nintendo Switch's software supports online gaming through Internet
connectivity, as well as local wireless ad hoc connectivity with other consoles.
Nintendo Switch games and software are available on both physical flash-based ROM
cartridges and digital distribution via Nintendo eShop; the system has no region
lockout.
46
Parts of Nintendo Switch Description
A battery-powered tablet-like
monitor consisting of an LCD screen.
The unit measures 173 by 102 by 13.9
mm. and weighs 297 grams. The LCD
screen supports resolutions up to
720p(1280x720px).The console
includes audio jack, stereo speakers,
USB-C port for charging and a
kickstand on the backside. The unit
includes slots for a game card and a
micro SD card located under the
kickstand.
1. Console
47
A docking station with electrical
connectors to connect the console to a
power supply to charge its battery and
to a television via an HDMI connection
for video/audio output. It includes two
USB 2.0 ports and one USB 3.0 port.
2. Dock
3. Controllers Joy-Con
The controllers attach to the Switch
console via side rails using a locking
mechanism, with a small release button
on their rear face to allow them to be
detached. When detached, they can be
used as a pair by a single player,
attached to a grip that emulates
a gamepad form factor, or used as
separate controllers by two individual
The gray Joy-Con L and Joy-Con R players. A single Switch console can
controllers. The inside rails slot onto the side
of the main Switch console or grip controller. support up to eight Joy-Con
connections. Straps can be attached to
the sides of Joy-Con when they are
detached. A charging grip is available
for the Joy-Con, which provides a
means to attach a USB-C cable for
power.
Pro Controller
The Pro Controller connects to the S
witch via wireless Bluetooth
communication, and is charged
Red and blue Joy-Con slotted onto the
charging grip, giving the general
through a standard USB-C port on the
portions of a standard controller. controller.
48
What’s More
Activity 1. Label Me.
Directions: Below is an image of a joystick, name the part of the joystick and
identify each component. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1.____________
9. ___________
2. ___________________
8. ____________
7. _______________
3. ___________
6. ______________
4. ______________
5. _________
10. ____________
Activity 2. LOGOTIFY
Directions: Identify the following video games logo and describe each application
briefly. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper
_______________________________
1 __________________________________
__________________________________
___________________________________
2
___________________________________
___________________________________
__________________________________
3
__________________________________
________________________________
49
What I Have Learned
Congratulations! You are a great learner! Now, you may answer the next activity. Do
it on another sheet of paper.
Activity 1
FILL ME IN
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. __________ are played by electronically manipulating images produced by a

computer program on a television screen.
2. __________ emphasizes the visual structure of hypertext and does not require
knowledge of programming language.
3. Twine is a free-open source tool created by __________for making interactive fiction
in the form of web pages.
4. A __________ is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and
reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling.
5. __________ is a small, flat, curved plate of metal shaped like the letter “E”.
6. A Nintendo Switch is a hybrid video game console, consisting three parts
__________, 7. __________, and 8. __________.
9. __________ is a video game development tool that allows users to create 2D video
games for computers, mobile devices, and the web.
10. __________ is the mechanism most joysticks use for automatically resetting the
shaft to normal.
11. __________ is the held part at the top of the stick which usually comes in two
shapes: a ball top or tear drop/bat top.
12. __________ is a type of conflict wherein a player is faced with problematic choices
where the consequences have to be weighted before proceeding.
13. Procedures are actions or methods of play allowed by a game’s rules. They can
be specific instructions of what actions to take during play. Player actions as
specified by procedures can be split up into three namely __________, 14. __________
15. __________.
50
What I Can Do
Directions:
Since you have already mastered the lesson on video games, apply the skills that you
have learned from our lesson. Using your available technology at hand.
A. Create a video game using the following items below :

1. Name your video game
2. Draw your video game icon or logo.
3. Describe its game elements a. by platform, b.by mode, and c.by narrative
Rubrics:
Concepts - 30%
Craftsmanship/Skill - 30%
Elements of Art - 20%
Total: - 100%
Paste here
51
Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. This refers to a game played by electronically manipulating images produced
by a computer on a television screen or other display screen.
A. computer games
B. imaging videos
C. video games
D. video technology
2. What do you call an online platform made for the sole purpose of sharing
videos?
A. Ctrl+Paint
B. Twine
C. Twitch
D. Youtube
3. It is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its
angle or direction to the device it is controlling.
A. Actuator
B. Joystick
C. Nintendo Switch
D. Spring
B. modern art
D. visual arts
5. It is considered as one of the video game play elements which always
represents a challenge, be it physical obstacles, combat with another player
or a puzzle to be solved.
A. capture
B. conflict
C. cooperation/competition
D. strategy
6. It is a hybrid console that can be used as a home console and portable device.
A. controllers
B. dock
C. joystick
D. Nintendo Switch
7. This refers to a shaped enhancement surrounding the bottom of the shaft or
the levers on levered microswitches.
A. Actuator
B. Mounting Plate
C. Shaft/Stick
D. Spring
52
8. It is a video game development tool that allows users to create 2D video games
for computers, mobile devices, and the web.
A. Gamemaker
B. Stencyl
C. Twine
D. Twitch
9. It is a kind of technology that involves the recording and playing back of
moving pictures and sound.
A. technology-based art
B. video games
C. video technology
D. Youtube
10. Which of the following is not an example of programs that can be used to
develop video games?
A. gamemaker
B. stencyl
C. twine
D. twitch
11. Which of the following statement is true about Restrictor Gate?
A. It give users more control over their mobility with a joystick handle
designed to meet their needs.
B. It is a plate with a specifically shaped hole, like a square or circle, that
determines physically where the joystick can be moved.
C. It is a small, flat, curved plate of metal shaped.
D. It refers to a shaped enhancement surrounding the bottom of the shaft.
12. Which of the following is an example of a video game program that
emphasizes the visual structure of hypertext and does not require knowledge
of a programming language?
A. GameMaker
B. Stencyl
C. Twine
D. Twitch
13. How does a joystick work?
A. It can be used individually in the hand supporting local multiplayer
modes.
B. It connects to a grip accessory to provide a traditional home console
game pad form.
C. It translates sound waves bouncing off physical objects.
D. It translates the movement of your hand into a digital format and sends
it to the PC software for interpretation.
14. How are video games created?
A. through graphic designing and programming
B. through the interest of the game developer
C. through the use of electronic devices
D. using a graphic software program to create an artwork that is totally
virtual
15. How are Video Game Ideas developed?
A. by attending to the details of the game
B. by creating sketches of all the characters as well as the dialogue, action
and movement
C. by conceptualizing the story of the game
D. by developing through the interest of the game developer as well as their
knowledge about it.
53
Using available laptop, desktop or android phone, create simple program that could
be used as a tool in searching for online video games. Print your output and label it
with original title, your name, date and the technique used. Mount it in a ¼ size
illustration board. All outputs shall be graded using the rubrics below.
Rubrics:
Concepts - 30%
Total: - 100%
Mount Here…
54
Hello young artists!
Let us together
discover the world of
technology based arts.
What I Need to
Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Technology-based Arts. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module contains one main lesson,

 Lesson 4 – Digital Painting/Imaging Videos

1. apply different media techniques and processes to communicate ideas;(Day 4)
2. evaluate work of art in terms of artistic concepts and ideas using criteria
appropriate for the style or form.(Day 4)
55
What I Know
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
1. It is a kind of program that allows users to design, draw and
manipulate objects.
A. Adobe
B. GIMP
C. Krita
D. MacPaint
2. It is a device in the medical field that uses magnetic field and radio
waves to produce detailed pictures of the body’s organ and structure.
A. computerized tomography (CT Scans)
B. endoscopy
C. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
D. ultrasound tests or sonograms
3. It is a tool in digital painting that allows the user to manipulate objects on a
CRT (cathode ray tube)
A. adobe
B. sketchpad
C. stylus
D. tablet
4. It is a free and open-source alternative to Adobe Photoshop certainly good
enough to get started if you’re on a limited budget.
A. Adobe Photoshop
B. Krita
C. MacPaint
D. Procreate
5. Uses electromagnetic radiation to take images of the inside of the body. The
most well - known and common form of radiography is X-ray.
A. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
B. Radiography
C. Ultrasound
D. X-ray
6. What do you call the process of painting on a tablet and creating artwork on
a computer?
A. acrylic painting
B. canvass painting
C. digital painting
D. traditional painting
7. It is a kind of digital painting software that has been taking the art world by
storm and its very light-weight and easy to use.
A. Adobe Photoshop
B. Krita
C. MacPaint
D. Procreate
56
8. What do you call an artist who produces artworks through digital ways?
A. computer artist
B. digital artist
C. digital photographer
D. digital technologist
9. It is an example of online resource for teaching yourself digital painting for
free, via sample videos and mini tutorials.
A. Ctrl+Paint
B. Twitch
C. Twine
D. Youtube
B. Nuclear medicine
C. Ultrasound
D. X-ray
11. It is the oxygen of digital art. It breathes life into your work by it with
things we already know.
A. Cubism
B. Impressionism
C. Realism
D. Water Color
B. modern art
D. visual arts
13.Utilizes high frequency sound waves, which are reflected off tissue to create
images of organs, muscles, joints, and other soft tissues.
A. Mammography
B. Sonography
C. Utrasound
D. X-ray
14. What do you call the system, procedure and specialty of making visual
representations of the inside body for clinical examination and therapeutic
mediation?
A. imaging videos
B. Instagram
C. sonograms
D. video game
15.Magnetic resonance imaging involves radio waves and magnetic fields to
B. Nuclear medicine
C. Ultrasound
D. X-ray
57
Lesson Digital Painting/Imaging
4 Videos
(Technology-based Art)
Hello young digital artist!

Are you ready for the next
digital arts adventure?
What’s In
On the previous modules, you have learned about the different technology-
based art forms. Module 1 taught you about computer/digital arts and the basics of
mobile phone photography, while lesson 1and 2 gave you the knowledge on digital
photography. This time, you will be more equipped with technology-based arts as
you will discover the world of video games/digital painting/imaging videos. So, have
fun dear learner!
What’s New
Some view technology as a threat to originality and as seeking to replace
traditional art making. This idea can certainly be worrisome for art teachers. Studies
suggest the use of digital tools in art education increases artistic development and
creativity.
Note to the Teacher and Parents

Technology isn’t going anywhere, it will continue to evolve at an ever-changing
speed. There’s no doubt that both traditional and digital art creation are
essential. We need to find ways to use them together to create the best learning
opportunities for our students
58
What is It
What is Digital Painting?

Digital painting also refers to a technique using a graphics software program
to create an artwork that is totally virtual. The canvas, brushes, paints, and other
tools are all virtual, existing only within the computer. And the finished work is also
stored in virtual format, to be shared through cyber space.
Many artists turn to digital painting

since it’s cheaper in the long run (fewer
materials) and it’s a necessity in the world of
animation, illustration, and 2D game art.
Source: http://images.app.goo.gl/uLyi1QQakzC6AEBs9
Digital painting is an emerging art form in which traditional painting

techniques such as watercolor, oils, impasto, etc. are applied using digital tools by
means of a computer, a graphics tablet and stylus, and software. Digital painting
differs from other forms of digital art, particularly computer-generated art, in that it
does not involve the computer rendering from a model. The artist uses painting
techniques to create the digital painting directly on the computer.
In most digital painting programs, the users can create their own brush style using
a combination of texture and shape. This ability is very important in bridging the gap
between traditional and digital painting.
Comparison with Traditional Painting

The main difference between digital and traditional painting is the non-linear
process. That is, an artist can often arrange his painting in layers that can be edited
independently. Also, the ability to undo and redo strokes frees the artist from a linear
process. But digital painting is limited in how it employs the techniques and study
of a traditional painter because of the surface differences and lack of physicality. The
digital artist has at his disposal several tools not available to the traditional painter.
Some of these include: a virtual palette consisting of millions of colors, almost any
size canvas or media, and the ability to take back mistakes, as well as erasers,
pencils, spray cans, brushes, combs, and a variety of 2D and 3D effect tools.
59
Tools used in Digital Painting:
1. Sketchpad
The earliest graphical manipulation
program was called Sketchpad. Created in
1963 by Ivan Sutherland, a grad student at
MIT, Sketchpad allowed the user to
manipulate objects on a CRT (cathode ray
tube). Sketchpad eventually led to the
creation of the Rand Tablet for work on the
GRAIL project in 1968.
2. Tablets
The idea of using a tablet to
communicate directions to a computer has
been an idea since 1968 when the RAND
(Research and Development) company out of
Santa Monica, developed the RAND tablet
that was used to program. Digitizers were
popularized in the mid-1970s and early
1980s by the commercial success of the ID
(Intelligent Digitizer) and BitPad
manufactured by the Summagraphics Corp.
These digitizers were used as the input device
for many high-end CAD (Computer Aided
Design) systems as well as bundled with PC's
and PC based CAD software like AutoCAD.
3. MacPaint
An early commercial program that allowed
users to design, draw, and manipulate objects. This
program’s first version was introduced on January
22, 1984 on the Apple Lisa. The ability to freehand
draw and create graphics with this program made
it the top program of its kind during 1984. The
earlier versions of the program were called
MacSketch and LisaSketch, and the last version of
MacPaint was MacPaint 2.0 released in 1998.Much
of MacPaint's universal success was attributed to
the release of the first Macintosh computer which
was equipped with one other program called
MacWrite. It was the first personal computer with
a graphical user interface and lost much of the
bulky size of its predecessor, the Lisa.
60
Digital Painting Software Description
1. Adobe Photoshop It’s the most powerful software
available for painting, and because it’s
become the industry standard you’ll
find the most training & lessons on it.
2. Krita It is a free and open-source alternative

to Adobe Photoshop. It’s not quite as
powerful, though it’s certainly good
enough to get started if you’re on a
limited budget.
3. Procreate It has been taking the art world by

storm in the last few years. It’s very
light-weight and easy to use, and while
it’s lacking some of Photoshops
features, more are being added to it all
the time.
Video Technology/Imaging Videos

Imaging videos is the system, procedure and specialty of making visual
presentations of the inside of a body for clinical animation and therapeutic
mediation.
Imaging is the capture, storage, manipulation, and display of images. In
document imaging, the emphasis is on capturing, storing, and retrieving information
from the images. In graphical imaging, the emphasis is on the manipulation of
created images in order to achieve special effects through rotating, stretching,
blurring, resizing, twirling, and other changes to the original image.
Imaging videos is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the generation,
collection, duplication, analysis, modification, and visualization of videos. As an
evolving field it includes research and researchers from medical and clinical field.
Imaging videos is the system, procedure and specialty of making visual

representations of the inside of a body for clinical examination and therapeutic
mediation. Medicinal imaging looks to uncover interior structures stowed away by
the skin and bones, and to diagnose and treat infection. Imaging videos additionally
make a database of ordinary life systems and physiology to make it conceivable to
recognize irregularities. Main branches of knowledge incorporate aviation imaging,
61
provisions and showcase, shade generation, customer imaging, indicators and
sensors, digitization and capacity, shows, legal imaging, hard duplicate yield, high
velocity imaging, holography and 3-D imaging, picture securing, imaging:
instruments, demonstrating and properties, picture handling, picture quality,
picture security, info/yield gadgets, instrumentation, machine vision, media future,
medicinal imaging, metrology and measurements, multispectral imaging,
psychometric scaling routines, and vision and imaging.
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/PiPaVyRL9193xhKz8
Research has repeatedly shown the value of video in the digital classroom.
With the relatively recent availability of free, high-quality video online, it also makes
a perfect addition to blended learning. Students, parents, and teachers all agree on
the effectiveness of using video as a teaching tool. And there are a number of ways
to implement video-assisted teaching. Education is no exception. Classroom layouts,
teaching methods, ideas about testing (and so much more) are transforming almost
before our eyes. Amidst this rapid change is a sense of urgency. We, educators are
striving to transform learning environments to meet changing needs. Students must
be prepared to compete and contribute in a global economy. Tech plays a crucial
role, as districts scramble to create “the digital classroom of the future.”
There are various types of digital painting, including impressionism,

realism, and water color. There are both benefits and drawbacks of digital
painting.
Impressionism
Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant

(Impression, Sunrise), 1872, oil on canvas, Musée
Marmottan Monet, Paris. This painting became
the source of the movement's name, after Louis
Leroy's article The Exhibition of the
Impressionists satirically implied that the
painting was at most, a sketch.
62
Realism
Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet, 1854. A

Realist painting by Gustave Courbet
Realism is the oxygen of digital art. It breathes
life into your work by associating it with things
we already know. We connect to it because we
see ourselves in it. So it's no wonder that so
many artists spend a lifetime trying to master
realism in all its beautiful glory.
Watercolor
Watercolour as a traditional media offers

artists a particularly expressive power. With
practice and dedication, it's possible to mix
colour and water in such a way as to create
fantastic, translucent works. In the digital realm,
Painter is rightly popular for its watercolour-
based tools that do a great job of simulating
these advantages without the user needing to
know how to paint. Thanks to the digital canvas,
we can also be more experimental when mixing
materials and textures, which are easy to adjust
as we go.
Types of Medical Imaging
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

Magnetic resonance imaging involves
radio waves and magnetic fields to look at
the organs and other structures in the
body.
63
NUCLEAR MEDINE
A general term rather that involves any
medical use of radioactive materials.
ULTRA SOUND
- Utilizes high frequency sound waves, which are
- reflected off tissue to create images of organs,
- muscles, joints, and other soft tissues.
RADIOGRAPHY
- Uses electromagnetic radiation to take images
- of the inside of the body. The most well - known
- and common form of radiography is X-ray.
64
What’s More
Activity 1. MATCHING TYPE. Match column A with column B. Write your

answer on a separate sheet of paper.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.
B. Krita
A. Krita
A. Krita
2.
B. Procreate
C.
C. Procreate
Adobe
3.
D. Impressionism
4.
E. Nuclear Medicine
65
5.
F. Realism
6.
G. Water Color
7.
H. Magnetic Resonance
imaging MRI
8. I. Ultrasound
J. Radiography
9.
K. Nuclear medicine
66
10.
L. Mcpaint
11.
M. Sketchpad
12. N. Tablet
13.
O. Digital painting
14.
P. CT Scan
15.
67
What I Have Learned
Congratulations! You made it. Now, you have fully mastered the lesson on this
module. Answer the following essay questions. Do it on another sheet of paper.
Activity: ART PUZZLES

Direction: Find the hidden words in these crossword puzzle piece.
K W A T E R C O L O R G I M P M A D L A
D M E D I A S P A I N T E A D O B A E N
C I P H O T O S R I I O L R D D P P R I
O T G I B B P Z T A B L E T S E A H O M
M I J I I H E N R O L I N I T L L C C A
P L O O T Y I X A R T T S S Y A A T E T
U A O F M A C P A I N T R T L N E E S I
T E G A P I G C O L O R S B V Y T K I O
E R E A L I S M G C A R E A U O T S S N
R Q M A G I I M P R E S S I O N I S M S
Words to find:
Realism Tablets Tool

Digital Painting MacPaint Model
Watercolor Adobe Colors
Artist Canvas Media
Sketchpad Animation Impressionism
68
What I Can Do
Since you have already mastered the lesson on digital painting/ imaging videos,
apply the skills that you have learned from our lesson. Using your available
technology at hand. All outputs shall be graded using the rubrics below.
A. Create a digital paint , print and mount

( Note: Students who cannot make it due to absence of technological gadgets,
make use of the localized materials found in your locality)
Rubrics.
Concepts - 30%
Total: - 100%
Paste here
69
Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
1. Uses electromagnetic radiation to take images of the inside of the
body. The most well - known and common form of radiography is X-
ray.
A. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
B. Radiography
C. Ultrasound
D. X-ray
2. It is an example of online resource for teaching yourself digital
painting for free, via sample videos and mini tutorials.
A. Ctrl+Paint
B. Twitch
C. Twine
D. Youtube
3. What do you call the system, procedure and specialty of making
visual representations of the inside body for clinical examination
and therapeutic mediation?
A. imaging videos
B. instagram
C. sonograms
D. video game
4. It is known as a computer-generated and or manipulative form of
art.
B. modern art
D. visual arts
5. What do you call an artist who produces artworks through digital ways?
A. computer artist
B. digital artist
C. digital photographer
D. digital technologist
4. What do you call the process of painting on a tablet and creating artwork on
a computer?
A. acrylic painting
B. canvass painting
C. digital painting
D. traditional painting
5. It is a tool in digital painting that allows the user to manipulate objects on a
CRT (cathode ray tube)
A. adobe
B. sketchpad
C. stylus
D. tablet
70
objects.
A. Adobe
B. GIMP
C. Krita
D. MacPaint
7. It is a device in the medical field that uses magnetic field and radio waves to
produce detailed pictures of the body’s organ and structure.
A. computerized tomography (CT Scans)
B. endoscopy
C. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
D. ultrasound tests or sonograms
8. It is a free and open-source alternative to Adobe Photoshop certainly good
enough to get started if you’re on a limited budget.
A. Adobe Photoshop
B. Krita
C. MacPaint
D. Procreate
9. It is a kind of digital painting software that has been taking the art world by
storm and its very light-weight and easy to use.
A. Adobe Photoshop
B. Krita
C. MacPaint
D. Procreate
10. Magnetic resonance imaging involves radio waves and magnetic fields to look
at the organs and other structures in the body.
B. Nuclear medicine
C. Ultrasound
D. X-ray
13. A general term rather that involves any medical use of radioactive materials.
B. Mammography
C. Nuclear medicine
D. Ultrasound
A.Mammography
B.Sonography
C. Utrasound
D. X-ray
15. Realism is the oxygen of digital art. It breathes life into your work by it with things
we already know.
A. Cubism
B. Impressionism
C. Realism
D. Water Color
71
Using available laptop, desktop or android phone, create simple digital painting. Print
your output and labelled with original title, your name, date and the technique used.
Mount it in a ¼ size illustration board for a graded activity.
Mount Here…
72
Post-Test Lastly you have
to answer the
Post-test.
Have fun!
B. modern art
D. visual arts
B. Nuclear medicine
C. Ultrasound
D. X-ray
3. Which of the following is an example of a video game program that emphasizes the
visual structure of hypertext and does not require knowledge of a programming
language?
A. GameMaker
B. Stencyl
C. Twine
D. Twitch
A. Mammography
B. Sonography
C. Utrasound
D. X-ray
objects.
A. Adobe
B.GIMP
C. Krita
D. MacPaint
6. It is an art of generating or capturing an original image through the use of
a digital camera or a device with a built-in camera.
C. mobile art
D. video games
73
D. all of the above
B. mobile camera
C. pinhole camera
11. It is more than an art that uses a camera or a device with a built-in camera
to produce images focused by a lens.
C. mobile art
D. video games
A. aperture
B. image sensor
C. Lens
D. shutter release
B. It is the area on the camera that you look through in order to
compose your hot.
D. It converts the optical image to an electronic signal, which is then
sent to your memory card.
A. aperture
B. body
C. image sensor
D. shutter release
situations.
74
75
What I Have
Learned What I Can What I Know
1. O Do
2. N The Teacher Use 1. A
3. J RUBRICS 2. C
4. I 3. D
5. A 4. A
6. C 5. B
7. E 6. D
8. F 7. D
9. B 8. A
10.D 9. A
11.H 10.B
12.G 11.D
13.L 12.C
14.M 13.D
15.K 14.D
15.C
What's More Pre-test Assessment
1. Flash 1. C 1. C
2. Main Control Dial 2. B 2. D
3. Viewfinder 3. D 3. D
4. Shutter Button 4. A 4. C
5. LCD Display
5. D 5. D
6. Power switch
6. B 6. B
7. Mode dial
8. Cross Key 7. A 7. A
9. Focus Mode 8. D 8. A
Switch 9. C 9. D
10.Play Button 10. B 10. D
11.Memory Card Slot 11. C 11. B
12.Flash Button 12. D 12. A
13.Erase Button 13, D 13. D
14.Lens Release 14. A
14. C
Button 15. B
15. A
15.Lens
Lesson 1
Answer Key
76
What I Have
Learned What I Can What I Know
1. Digital camera Do
2. Images The Teacher Use 1. B
3. Photography RUBRICS 2. A
4. Sensor or light 3. B
5. Interesting 4. A
6. Location 5. A
7. Great photos 6. D
8. Simple 7. D
9. First hour 8. C
10.Sunset 9. C
11.Facing the light 10.C
12.Subject 11.B
13.Poised shot 12.D
14.Candid shot 13.A
15.Fashion item 14.D
15.D
What’s More What's More Assessment
Continuation…
Activity 1 1. B
9. Still Life 1. DLSR 2. D
Photography 2. Point and Shoot 3. A
10. Landscape/Travel Camera 4. D
Photography 3. Pinhole Camera 5. D
11. Still Life 4. Mobile Phone 6. D
Photography Camera 7. D
12. Wild Life/Animal 5. Still Life 8. C
Photography Photography 9. C
13. Landscape/Travel 6. Wild Life/Animal 10.C
Photography Photography 11.B
14. Fashion 7. Landscape/Travel 12.A
Photography Photography 13.B
15. Portrait 8. Fashion 14.A
Photography Photography 15.A
Lesson 2
Answer Key
77
What I Have Learned
Activity 1
What I Can Do What's More
1. Video Games
The teacher use 2. GameMaker Activity 2
RUBRICS 3. Chris Kilmas
The teacher will decide if
4. joystick
the answer is
5. E-ring
Additional Activities correct/Answers may
6. Console unit
vary
The teacher use 7. Dock
8. Joy-Con Controllers
RUBRICS
9. Stencyl
10. Spring
11. Handle/Top
12. Dilemmas
13. Starting
14. Progression
15. Special
What's More
What I Know Activity1 Assessment
1. B 1. Handle/Top 16. C
2. B 2. Guide/Dust 17. D
3. A Washer/Disk 18. B
4. D 3. Spring 19. C
5. C 4. Restrictor Gate 20. B
6. D 5. Actuator 21. D
7. C 6. Microswitch 22. A
8. B 7. Mounting Plate 23. B
9. D 8. Pivot 24. C
10. B 9. Stick/Shaft 25. D
11. A 10.E-ring 26. B
12. C 27. A
13. A 28. D
14. D 29. A
15. D 30. D
Lesson 3
Answer Key
78
What I Have Learned What I Know What I can Do
1. Realism 1. D The teacher use
2. Digital Painting 2. C RUBRICS
3. Watercolor 3. B
4. Artist 4. B
5. Sketchpad 5. B Additional Activities
6. Tablets 6. C The teacher use
7. MacPaint 7. D RUBRICS
8. Adobe 8. B
9. Canvass 9. A
10. Animation 10. C
11. Tool 11. C
12. Model 12. C
13. Colors 13. C
14. Media 14. A
15. Impressionism 15. A
Post Test What's More Assessment
1. C Activity1 1. B
2. D 2. A
3. D 1. C
2. A
3. A
4. A 4. C
3. B
5. B 4. D 5. B
6. B 5. F 6. C
7. A 6. G 7. B
8. D 7. I 8. D
9. C 8. H 9. C
10. B 9. E 10. C
11. C 10. I
11. D
12. B 11. L
12. M
12. A
13. D 13. C
14. A 13. N
14. O 14. C
15. D 15. Q 15. C
16.
Lesson 4
Answer Key
References
Sunico, Raul M., PhD, Cabanban, Evelyn F.,and Moran, Melissa Y. Horizons, Music
and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos Grade 10, Quezon City
Philippines: Tawid Publications 2015.
Aldred, John. Photography, May 27, 2020,

https://didphotography.net
Belliveau, David. Digital Painting, May 28, 2020,

https:// paintable.cc
Bustamante, Ashley. Camera Parts and Their Functions, June 18, 2020,
https://www.techwallas.com
Dehart, Blake. Should You Do Traditional Art or Digital Art? , May 28, 2020,
https://blake-dehart.com
Faris, Stephanie. Seven Elements of Photography, June 18, 2020,

https://www.techwalla.com
Garner, Christine. How to Learn Digital Painting, May 28, 2020,

https://medium.com
Grande, Trisha. Main Types of photography In Use Today, May 27, 2020,
https://brainly.ph
Kopcok, Darina. Two Main types of Camera, May 27, 2020,

https://expertphotography.com
Lana, Del Rey. Video Games, May 29, 2020,

https://en.m.wikipedia.org.
Ranjan, Rajeev. Basic Parts of DSLR Camera and Their Functions, June 17, 2020
www.pixelrajeev.com
79
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
80

Arts10 - Q2 - Mod2 - TechnologyBasedArts - v2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Arts10 - Q2 - Mod2 - TechnologyBasedArts - v2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Arts10 - Q2 - Mod2 - TechnologyBasedArts - v2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

10

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW 1

WHAT I KNOW (PRE-TEST) 2

Lesson 1 Digital Photography

What I Need to Know 4

Lesson 2 Digital Photography

What I Need to Know 19

Lesson 3 Video Games (Day 3)

What I Need to Know 36

Lesson 4 Digital Painting/Imaging Videos (Day 4)

What I Need to Know 54

1. What does the acronym DSLR stand for?

The module contains one main lesson:

Lesson 1 - Digital Photography

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Hello digital artist!

This lesson contains technology-based arts on digital photography. A parcel

On the first module on Computer/Digital Arts, it is presumed that you have

Notes to the Teacher

The Different Parts of a Camera

Focus Mode Switch

Play Button Memory Card Slot

Flash Button Erase Button

Lens Release Button

Now, let us discover the

Parts of a Camera Functions

Image credit to www.pixelrajeev.com

Image credit to www.pixelrajeev.com

Image credit to www.pixelrajeev.com

7. Power Switch This switch is use to power on or

Image credit to https://snapshot.canon.asia.com

Image credit to https://snapshot.canon.asia.com

Image credit to https://snapshot.canon.asia.com

Image credit to https://snapshot.canon.asia.com

Nice one! Let

Color Form Line Pattern Shape

Can be vertical, Two-

Either negative or The use of lighting

Activity 1.IDENTIFICATION.Direction: Identify the parts of a camera. Write your

Image credit to www.pinterest.com

What I Have Learned

What I Can Do Thank you teacher

1. What is the main function of shutter release in a camera?

8. Where can you find LCD screen on a camera?

IDENTIFICATION. Direction: Remember the parts of Camera? Label the parts of a

Image credit to w.pinterest.com

What I Need to Know

Lesson 2 - Digital Photography

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. compare the characteristics of artworks in the 21st century (A10-PL-IIh-4);

Lesson Digital Photography

Hello digital artist!

On the first module on Computer/Digital Arts, it is presumed that you have

Notes to the Teacher

Digital photography is a photography that uses digital cameras to capture

Photography is the art of creating images by recording light or

The Types of Cameras Used in Digital Photography: