Standard Normal Distribution

Entry represents area under the cumulative standard

normal distribution from −∞ to z
z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
-3.4 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
-3.3 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003
-3.2 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
-3.1 0.0010 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007
-3.0 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010
-2.9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014
-2.8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019
-2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026
-2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036
-2.5 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048
-2.4 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064
-2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084
-2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
-2.1 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143
-2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
-1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233
-1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
-1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
-1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
-1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
-1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681
-1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
-1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
-1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170
-1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
-0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611
-0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
-0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
-0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
-0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
-0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121
-0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
-0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
-0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247
-0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641

1
Standard Normal Distribution (continued)

Entry represents area under the cumulative standard

normal distribution from −∞ to z

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998

2
t-Distribution

For a particular number of degrees of freedom, entry represents

the critical value of t corresponding to a specified upper tail area (α)

Upper Tail Areas (α)

df 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005
1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657
2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925
3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841
4 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604
5 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032
6 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707
7 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499
8 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355
9 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250
10 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169
11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106
12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055
13 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012
14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977
15 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947
16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921
17 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898
18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878
19 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861
20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845
21 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831
22 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819
23 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807
24 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797
25 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787
26 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779
27 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771
28 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763
29 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756
30 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750
31 1.309 1.696 2.040 2.453 2.744
32 1.309 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738
33 1.308 1.692 2.035 2.445 2.733
34 1.307 1.691 2.032 2.441 2.728
35 1.306 1.690 2.030 2.438 2.724
∞ (z-score) 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576

3
F-Distribution
For particular numerator and denominator degrees of freedom, entry represents
the critical value of F corresponding to a specified upper tail area (α)

Numerator degrees of freedom

F ,dfB,dfE  α
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.10 39.86 49.50 53.59 55.83 57.24 58.20 58.91 59.44 59.86 60.19
1 0.05 161.45 199.50 215.71 224.58 230.16 233.99 236.77 238.88 240.54 241.88
0.01 4052.18 4999.50 5403.35 5624.58 5763.65 5858.99 5928.36 5981.07 6022.47 6055.85
0.10 8.53 9.00 9.16 9.24 9.29 9.33 9.35 9.37 9.38 9.39
2 0.05 18.51 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38 19.40
0.01 98.50 99.00 99.17 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.36 99.37 99.39 99.40
0.10 5.54 5.46 5.39 5.34 5.31 5.28 5.27 5.25 5.24 5.23
3 0.05 10.13 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.81 8.79
0.01 34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.35 27.23
0.10 4.54 4.32 4.19 4.11 4.05 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.94 3.92
4 0.05 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6.00 5.96
0.01 21.20 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66 14.55
0.10 4.06 3.78 3.62 3.52 3.45 3.40 3.37 3.34 3.32 3.30
5 0.05 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.77 4.74
0.01 16.26 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16 10.05
Denominator degrees of freedom

0.10 3.78 3.46 3.29 3.18 3.11 3.05 3.01 2.98 2.96 2.94
6 0.05 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.10 4.06
0.01 13.75 10.92 9.78 9.15 8.75 8.47 8.26 8.10 7.98 7.87
0.10 3.59 3.26 3.07 2.96 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.70
7 0.05 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.64
0.01 12.25 9.55 8.45 7.85 7.46 7.19 6.99 6.84 6.72 6.62
0.10 3.46 3.11 2.92 2.81 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.59 2.56 2.54
8 0.05 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.35
0.01 11.26 8.65 7.59 7.01 6.63 6.37 6.18 6.03 5.91 5.81
0.10 3.36 3.01 2.81 2.69 2.61 2.55 2.51 2.47 2.44 2.42
9 0.05 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.14
0.01 10.56 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.35 5.26
0.10 3.29 2.92 2.73 2.61 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.32
10 0.05 4.96 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98
0.01 10.04 7.56 6.55 5.99 5.64 5.39 5.20 5.06 4.94 4.85
0.10 3.23 2.86 2.66 2.54 2.45 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.27 2.25
11 0.05 4.84 3.98 3.59 3.36 3.20 3.09 3.01 2.95 2.90 2.85
0.01 9.65 7.21 6.22 5.67 5.32 5.07 4.89 4.74 4.63 4.54
0.10 3.18 2.81 2.61 2.48 2.39 2.33 2.28 2.24 2.21 2.19
12 0.05 4.75 3.89 3.49 3.26 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.75
0.01 9.33 6.93 5.95 5.41 5.06 4.82 4.64 4.50 4.39 4.30

4
F-Distribution
For particular numerator and denominator degrees of freedom, entry represents
the critical value of F corresponding to a specified upper tail area (α)

Numerator degrees of freedom

F ,dfB,dfE  α
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.10 3.14 2.76 2.56 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.23 2.20 2.16 2.14
13 0.05 4.67 3.81 3.41 3.18 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.77 2.71 2.67
0.01 9.07 6.70 5.74 5.21 4.86 4.62 4.44 4.30 4.19 4.10
0.10 3.10 2.73 2.52 2.39 2.31 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.10
14 0.05 4.60 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.96 2.85 2.76 2.70 2.65 2.60
0.01 8.86 6.51 5.56 5.04 4.69 4.46 4.28 4.14 4.03 3.94
0.10 3.07 2.70 2.49 2.36 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.12 2.09 2.06
15 0.05 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.90 2.79 2.71 2.64 2.59 2.54
0.01 8.68 6.36 5.42 4.89 4.56 4.32 4.14 4.00 3.89 3.80
0.10 3.05 2.67 2.46 2.33 2.24 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.06 2.03
16 0.05 4.49 3.63 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.66 2.59 2.54 2.49
0.01 8.53 6.23 5.29 4.77 4.44 4.20 4.03 3.89 3.78 3.69
0.10 3.03 2.64 2.44 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.03 2.00
17 0.05 4.45 3.59 3.20 2.96 2.81 2.70 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45
0.01 8.40 6.11 5.18 4.67 4.34 4.10 3.93 3.79 3.68 3.59
Denominator degrees of freedom

0.10 3.01 2.62 2.42 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.98
18 0.05 4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46 2.41
0.01 8.29 6.01 5.09 4.58 4.25 4.01 3.84 3.71 3.60 3.51
0.10 2.99 2.61 2.40 2.27 2.18 2.11 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.96
19 0.05 4.38 3.52 3.13 2.90 2.74 2.63 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.38
0.01 8.18 5.93 5.01 4.50 4.17 3.94 3.77 3.63 3.52 3.43
0.10 2.97 2.59 2.38 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.04 2.00 1.96 1.94
20 0.05 4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.60 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35
0.01 8.10 5.85 4.94 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.46 3.37
0.10 2.96 2.57 2.36 2.23 2.14 2.08 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92
21 0.05 4.32 3.47 3.07 2.84 2.68 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32
0.01 8.02 5.78 4.87 4.37 4.04 3.81 3.64 3.51 3.40 3.31
0.10 2.95 2.56 2.35 2.22 2.13 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.90
22 0.05 4.30 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.66 2.55 2.46 2.40 2.34 2.30
0.01 7.95 5.72 4.82 4.31 3.99 3.76 3.59 3.45 3.35 3.26
0.10 2.94 2.55 2.34 2.21 2.11 2.05 1.99 1.95 1.92 1.89
23 0.05 4.28 3.42 3.03 2.80 2.64 2.53 2.44 2.37 2.32 2.27
0.01 7.88 5.66 4.76 4.26 3.94 3.71 3.54 3.41 3.30 3.21
0.10 2.93 2.54 2.33 2.19 2.10 2.04 1.98 1.94 1.91 1.88
24 0.05 4.26 3.40 3.01 2.78 2.62 2.51 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.25
0.01 7.82 5.61 4.72 4.22 3.90 3.67 3.50 3.36 3.26 3.17

5
F-Distribution
For particular numerator and denominator degrees of freedom, entry represents
the critical value of F corresponding to a specified upper tail area (α)

Numerator degrees of freedom

F ,dfB,dfE  α
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.10 2.92 2.53 2.32 2.18 2.09 2.02 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.87
25 0.05 4.24 3.39 2.99 2.76 2.60 2.49 2.40 2.34 2.28 2.24
0.01 7.77 5.57 4.68 4.18 3.85 3.63 3.46 3.32 3.22 3.13
0.10 2.91 2.52 2.31 2.17 2.08 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.88 1.86
26 0.05 4.23 3.37 2.98 2.74 2.59 2.47 2.39 2.32 2.27 2.22
0.01 7.72 5.53 4.64 4.14 3.82 3.59 3.42 3.29 3.18 3.09
0.10 2.90 2.51 2.30 2.17 2.07 2.00 1.95 1.91 1.87 1.85
27 0.05 4.21 3.35 2.96 2.73 2.57 2.46 2.37 2.31 2.25 2.20
0.01 7.68 5.49 4.60 4.11 3.78 3.56 3.39 3.26 3.15 3.06
0.10 2.89 2.50 2.29 2.16 2.06 2.00 1.94 1.90 1.87 1.84
28 0.05 4.20 3.34 2.95 2.71 2.56 2.45 2.36 2.29 2.24 2.19
0.01 7.64 5.45 4.57 4.07 3.75 3.53 3.36 3.23 3.12 3.03
0.10 2.89 2.50 2.28 2.15 2.06 1.99 1.93 1.89 1.86 1.83
29 0.05 4.18 3.33 2.93 2.70 2.55 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.22 2.18
0.01 7.60 5.42 4.54 4.04 3.73 3.50 3.33 3.20 3.09 3.00
Denominator degrees of freedom

0.10 2.88 2.49 2.28 2.14 2.05 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.85 1.82
30 0.05 4.17 3.32 2.92 2.69 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.16
0.01 7.56 5.39 4.51 4.02 3.70 3.47 3.30 3.17 3.07 2.98
0.10 2.87 2.48 2.27 2.14 2.04 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.84 1.81
31 0.05 4.16 3.30 2.91 2.68 2.52 2.41 2.32 2.25 2.20 2.15
0.01 7.53 5.36 4.48 3.99 3.67 3.45 3.28 3.15 3.04 2.96
0.10 2.87 2.48 2.26 2.13 2.04 1.97 1.91 1.87 1.83 1.81
32 0.05 4.15 3.29 2.90 2.67 2.51 2.40 2.31 2.24 2.19 2.14
0.01 7.50 5.34 4.46 3.97 3.65 3.43 3.26 3.13 3.02 2.93
0.10 2.86 2.47 2.26 2.12 2.03 1.96 1.91 1.86 1.83 1.80
33 0.05 4.14 3.28 2.89 2.66 2.50 2.39 2.30 2.23 2.18 2.13
0.01 7.47 5.31 4.44 3.95 3.63 3.41 3.24 3.11 3.00 2.91
0.10 2.86 2.47 2.25 2.12 2.02 1.96 1.90 1.86 1.82 1.79
34 0.05 4.13 3.28 2.88 2.65 2.49 2.38 2.29 2.23 2.17 2.12
0.01 7.44 5.29 4.42 3.93 3.61 3.39 3.22 3.09 2.98 2.89
0.10 2.85 2.46 2.25 2.11 2.02 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.82 1.79
35 0.05 4.12 3.27 2.87 2.64 2.49 2.37 2.29 2.22 2.16 2.11
0.01 7.42 5.27 4.40 3.91 3.59 3.37 3.20 3.07 2.96 2.88
0.10 2.85 2.46 2.24 2.11 2.01 1.94 1.89 1.85 1.81 1.78
36 0.05 4.11 3.26 2.87 2.63 2.48 2.36 2.28 2.21 2.15 2.11
0.01 7.40 5.25 4.38 3.89 3.57 3.35 3.18 3.05 2.95 2.86

6
F-Distribution
For particular numerator and denominator degrees of freedom, entry represents
the critical value of F corresponding to a specified upper tail area (α)

Numerator degrees of freedom

F ,dfB,dfE  α
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.10 2.85 2.45 2.24 2.10 2.01 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.81 1.78
37 0.05 4.11 3.25 2.86 2.63 2.47 2.36 2.27 2.20 2.14 2.10
0.01 7.37 5.23 4.36 3.87 3.56 3.33 3.17 3.04 2.93 2.84
0.10 2.84 2.45 2.23 2.10 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.84 1.80 1.77
38 0.05 4.10 3.24 2.85 2.62 2.46 2.35 2.26 2.19 2.14 2.09
0.01 7.35 5.21 4.34 3.86 3.54 3.32 3.15 3.02 2.92 2.83
0.10 2.84 2.44 2.23 2.09 2.00 1.93 1.88 1.83 1.80 1.77
39 0.05 4.09 3.24 2.85 2.61 2.46 2.34 2.26 2.19 2.13 2.08
0.01 7.33 5.19 4.33 3.84 3.53 3.30 3.14 3.01 2.90 2.81
0.10 2.84 2.44 2.23 2.09 2.00 1.93 1.87 1.83 1.79 1.76
40 0.05 4.08 3.23 2.84 2.61 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.08
0.01 7.31 5.18 4.31 3.83 3.51 3.29 3.12 2.99 2.89 2.80
0.10 2.83 2.44 2.22 2.09 1.99 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.79 1.76
41 0.05 4.08 3.23 2.83 2.60 2.44 2.33 2.24 2.17 2.12 2.07
0.01 7.30 5.16 4.30 3.81 3.50 3.28 3.11 2.98 2.87 2.79
Denominator degrees of freedom

0.10 2.83 2.43 2.22 2.08 1.99 1.92 1.86 1.82 1.78 1.75
42 0.05 4.07 3.22 2.83 2.59 2.44 2.32 2.24 2.17 2.11 2.06
0.01 7.28 5.15 4.29 3.80 3.49 3.27 3.10 2.97 2.86 2.78
0.10 2.83 2.43 2.22 2.08 1.99 1.92 1.86 1.82 1.78 1.75
43 0.05 4.07 3.21 2.82 2.59 2.43 2.32 2.23 2.16 2.11 2.06
0.01 7.26 5.14 4.27 3.79 3.48 3.25 3.09 2.96 2.85 2.76
0.10 2.82 2.43 2.21 2.08 1.98 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.78 1.75
44 0.05 4.06 3.21 2.82 2.58 2.43 2.31 2.23 2.16 2.10 2.05
0.01 7.25 5.12 4.26 3.78 3.47 3.24 3.08 2.95 2.84 2.75
0.10 2.82 2.42 2.21 2.07 1.98 1.91 1.85 1.81 1.77 1.74
45 0.05 4.06 3.20 2.81 2.58 2.42 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.10 2.05
0.01 7.23 5.11 4.25 3.77 3.45 3.23 3.07 2.94 2.83 2.74
0.10 2.82 2.42 2.21 2.07 1.98 1.91 1.85 1.81 1.77 1.74
46 0.05 4.05 3.20 2.81 2.57 2.42 2.30 2.22 2.15 2.09 2.04
0.01 7.22 5.10 4.24 3.76 3.44 3.22 3.06 2.93 2.82 2.73
0.10 2.82 2.42 2.20 2.07 1.97 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.77 1.74
47 0.05 4.05 3.20 2.80 2.57 2.41 2.30 2.21 2.14 2.09 2.04
0.01 7.21 5.09 4.23 3.75 3.43 3.21 3.05 2.92 2.81 2.72
0.10 2.81 2.42 2.20 2.07 1.97 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.77 1.73
48 0.05 4.04 3.19 2.80 2.57 2.41 2.29 2.21 2.14 2.08 2.03
0.01 7.19 5.08 4.22 3.74 3.43 3.20 3.04 2.91 2.80 2.71

7
χ2-Distribution

For a particular number of degrees of freedom, entry represents the

critical value of χ2 corresponding to a specified upper tail area (α)
2
0
Upper Tail Areas (α)
df 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005
1 2.71 3.84 5.02 6.63 7.88
2 4.61 5.99 7.38 9.21 10.60
3 6.25 7.81 9.35 11.34 12.84
4 7.78 9.49 11.14 13.28 14.86
5 9.24 11.07 12.83 15.09 16.75
6 10.64 12.59 14.45 16.81 18.55
7 12.02 14.07 16.01 18.48 20.28
8 13.36 15.51 17.53 20.09 21.95
9 14.68 16.92 19.02 21.67 23.59
10 15.99 18.31 20.48 23.21 25.19
11 17.28 19.68 21.92 24.72 26.76
12 18.55 21.03 23.34 26.22 28.30
13 19.81 22.36 24.74 27.69 29.82
14 21.06 23.68 26.12 29.14 31.32
15 22.31 25.00 27.49 30.58 32.80
16 23.54 26.30 28.85 32.00 34.27
17 24.77 27.59 30.19 33.41 35.72
18 25.99 28.87 31.53 34.81 37.16
19 27.20 30.14 32.85 36.19 38.58
20 28.41 31.41 34.17 37.57 40.00
21 29.62 32.67 35.48 38.93 41.40
22 30.81 33.92 36.78 40.29 42.80
23 32.01 35.17 38.08 41.64 44.18
24 33.20 36.42 39.36 42.98 45.56
25 34.38 37.65 40.65 44.31 46.93
26 35.56 38.89 41.92 45.64 48.29
27 36.74 40.11 43.19 46.96 49.64
28 37.92 41.34 44.46 48.28 50.99
29 39.09 42.56 45.72 49.59 52.34
30 40.26 43.77 46.98 50.89 53.67
40 51.81 55.76 59.34 63.69 66.77
50 63.17 67.50 71.42 76.15 79.49