STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

GUIDELINES
FOR REVIEW OF
WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS

Prepared by the
SEAONC Construction Quality Assurance Committee

February 2007
 Board of Directors, 2006 - 2007
Douglas Hohbach, President
Bret Lizundia, Vice President
Gary Mochizuki, Secretary
William Andrews, Treasurer
Andrew Merovich, Past President
Grace Kang, Director
Peter Lee, Director
Peter Revelli, Director
David Murphy, Director

Disclaimer
While the information presented in the document is believed to be correct, SEAONC and its Board and Commit-
tees assume no liability for its accuracy or for the opinions expressed herein. The material presented in this docu-
ment should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent examination and verification
of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by qualified professionals. Users of information from this document
assume all liability arising from such use.

Structural Engineers Association of Northern California

© 2007 SEAONC

All rights reserved. This document or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form without the
written permission of the Structural Engineers Association of Northern California.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

Guidelines for Review of Welding Procedure Specifications

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

575 Market Street, Suite 2125
San Francisco, CA 94105-2870
Phone: (415) 974-5147 Fax: (415) 764-4915
Email: office@seaonc.org
http://www.seaonc.org

These guidelines were written by members of

the SEAONC Construction Quality Assurance Committee.

Construction Quality Assurance Committee

Tim Hart, Chair 2005-2007
Art Dell, Chair 2003-2005
Terry Egland
Cliff Craig
Ross Esfandiari
Doug Williams
Mark Gilligan
Zan Turner
Neal Kanaya
Dave Palfini

The committee acknowledges the following SEAONC members

for their comments, suggestions, and assistance.

Merl Isaak
 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

Guidelines for Review of

Welding Procedure Specifications
SEAONC Construction Quality Assurance Committee

Introduction
Inspections of welded steel structures following and widely enforced. The importance of the welder
the 1994 Northridge earthquake found steel moment qualification in the process is critical and is usually ad-
frames and other welded connections had fractured with dressed by steel fabricators, erectors, and inspectors
minimal ductility instead of absorbing plastic strains prior to production. However, the materials and param-
as expected. The causes of these fractures included eters of the welding process are often taken for granted
inadequate oversight, insufficient toughness in the and are not always properly documented in the required
connection weldment, and Welding Procedure Specifi- written form known as the Welding Procedure Specifica-
cations that either did not exist or did not conform to tion.
the recognized welding code for structural steel, AWS Welders and inspectors who work without a
D1.1, Structural Welding Code – Steel. Testing and research written WPS and rely on their experience may or may
conducted by the FEMA/SAC Joint Venture team and not produce good welds. AWS D1.1 mandates that all
others confirmed these findings. As a result, the im- welding be performed and inspected in accordance with
portance of adhering to strict controls on the welding the written WPS “recipe” to help ensure the consistent
process, particularly as it relates to welded steel connec- production of sound welds. A common misconcep-
tions that resist seismic forces, has been identified as an tion is that welds using joints that are “prequalified”
important factor in helping to preclude premature failure (see Definitions) in accordance with AWS D1.1 do not
of welded joints. SEAONC and others are now advo- require the written documentation of the WPS, when in
cating the Engineer of Record (EOR) to take an active fact a written WPS is required for all welds.
role in reviewing and monitoring the welding processes There are no specific provisions related to WPSs
employed by the contractor, including review of welding in model building codes such as the Uniform Building
documents. The 2005 AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Code (UBC) or the International Building Code (IBC).
Steel Buildings, for example, requires the EOR to review Instead, these documents adopt the AISC Specification for
each Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) used in Structural Steel Buildings and the AISC Seismic Provisions for
fabrication and erection. Structural Steel Buildings by reference. The AISC Specifica-
AWS D1.1 describes welding as an engineered tions and Seismic Provisions, in turn, adopt AWS D1.1
process. Requirements are specified for welding elec- by reference. There are additional WPS requirements for
trode and usage parameters, equipment, steels to be “demand-critical welds” (see Definitions) in the 2005
joined, joint configurations, welder (performance) quali- AISC Seismic Provisions and in AWS D1.8, Structural
fications and workmanship for the purpose of produc- Welding Code – Seismic Supplement, that are in addition to
ing a sound weld joining the steel materials. the requirements specified in AWS D1.1.
AWS provisions for confirming the workman- All references in these guidelines to AWS D1.1
ship ability of the individual welder, called welder quali- are to the 2006 edition.
fication (also known as “certification”), are well known
1
 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

Purpose tions and other editorial revisions, these guidelines were

This document has been produced to inform amended to incorporate welding practices, code provi-
and educate structural engineers about WPSs and their sions, and other aspects of construction applicable to
role in the quality assurance of welded connections. Welding Procedure Specifications that have changed
Welding consists of complicated and specialized pro- since the original publication.
cesses. The structural engineer should have an under-
standing of the organizational relationships and process- Definitions and Terminology
es by which a specified weld on a drawing is converted
to a finished connection. The structural engineer should Demand-Critical welds: Welds that are expected to be
be aware of the definition, use, purpose of, and differ- stressed at or beyond their yield strength during seismic
ence between the WPS, procedure qualification, and loading and exhibit inelastic behavior without sustaining
welder qualification. substantial damage or fracture. The EOR must specify
The engineer should specify submittal of WPSs which welds are demand-critical on the drawings and/or
analogous to other submittals such as concrete mix in the project specifications. Such welds have additional
designs and shop drawings. The contractor is respon- material and verification requirements that are more
sible for preparing the WPSs. Although earlier editions stringent than what is required for other welds. Specific
of AWS D1.1 specifically required engineer approval of provisions of AWS D1.8 and AISC Seismic also apply to
some or all WPSs, it currently only states that “The En- these welds. As a result, separate WPSs may be needed
gineer shall determine the suitability of all joint details to for demand-critical weld joints that have the same geom-
be used in a welded assembly.” The newly released AWS etry as welds that are not so designated.
D1.8, “Structural Welding Code – Seismic Supplement”, appli-
cable to welded joints designed in accordance with AISC Essential variable: A welding process, base metal or
Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, also joint detail parameter that must be specified and limited
does not include a requirement for WPS review by the in the WPS. Information on essential variables are in
EOR, instead focusing on the engineer’s responsibility AWS D1.1, Sections 3.6 and 4.7. For prequalified proce-
to identify and specify the details of welded joints in the dures, changes outside the limits of prequalified essential
seismic load-resisting system. However, as referenced variables require qualification testing, new PQR(s) and
above, WPSs for weldments in structures designed in ac- a revised WPS. For WPSs qualified by testing, changes
cordance with AISC Seismic do require approval by the outside the limits of essential variables require additional
EOR. qualification testing, new PQRs and a revised WPS.
This document is intended to help engineers
understand and review WPS submittals without addi- Joint: A single element of a connection where two or
tional specialized expertise in the detailed requirements more ends, surfaces, or edges are attached by welding,
of welding. It is not recommended that the engineer at- or according to AWS D1.1. The junction of members or
tempt a WPS review if he or she does not feel technical- the edges of members that are to be joined or have been
ly qualified. A welding, metallurgical, or testing agency joined.
consultant can be called in for a more technical review if
necessary. Any approval or comments provided by the Nonessential variable: A welding process, base metal
engineer should be based on his or her own expertise, or or joint detail parameter that must be specified in the
the recommendations of a qualified consultant. WPS but may be changed during use. A change outside
the limits of a nonessential variable does not require a
These guidelines have been updated from the original revision to the WPS.
document published by SEAONC in 1997. In addi-
tion to updating all references to AWS and AISC sec-
2
 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

Prequalified WPS: A WPS that is exempt from qualifi- joint proposed for fabrication meets AWS D1.1 require-
cation testing according to AWS D1.1. ments for weld quality. WPSs are qualified by testing
according to procedures outlined in the code. How-
Procedure Qualification: The demonstration by speci- ever, some WPSs that use established procedures are
fied tests that welds made by a specific procedure can “prequalified” and exempt from testing.
meet prescribed standards.
Prequalified WPS
Procedure Qualification Test Record (PQR): Written In AWS D1.1, a WPS is considered to be
documentation of the welding parameters details and prequalified if the selected joint configuration, welding
test results of a qualification test piece that demonstrate process and variables, and other parameters conform to
that welds using a particular WPS meet prescribed stan- the mandatory code requirements. A WPS that meets
dards. A PQR is not required for prequalified WPSs. the criteria specified in AWS D1.1, Section 3 is exempt
from qualification testing.
Weldment: An assembly whose components are joined Although prequalified procedures are exempt
by welding. from tests, AWS D1.1 does require that the contractor
prepare written WPSs for the joints to be used in fabrica-
Welder Qualification: The demonstration, by speci- tion. These specifications indicate the limits and re-
fied tests, of a welder’s ability to produce welds meeting quirements for material and welding variables, providing
prescribed standards. Documented evidence of qualifi- documentation that the joint welding meets the require-
cation is often called “certification.” ments for prequalified status. A sample prequalified
WPS is included as Exhibit 1.
Welding Procedure: Detailed methods and practices
required to produce an acceptable weldment, including WPS Qualified by Testing
weld processes, connections, joint welding procedures, A WPS that is not prequalified must be qualified
joint details, preheat, inspection requirements, sequence, by testing according to the requirements of AWS D1.1,
shrinkage allowance, postheat, and any other factors. Section 4.1.1. Qualification tests are intended to dem-
onstrate that a welded joint using a specific WPS meets
Welding Procedure Specification (WPS): A docu- the prescribed standards of the code. The contractor or
ment detailing the method and the welding variables fabricator is required to make a test sample, typically a
required to produce a welded joint. It directs the welder butt-jointed plate using the joint in the proposed WPS,
how to weld a specific joint, and includes requirements for mechanical testing and evaluation. In preparing the
such as joint preparation, weld process, preheat, elec- test plate, the welder must follow the written details in
trode type and diameter, voltage and current, and travel the proposed WPS. A sample WPS qualified by testing
speed. Its purpose is to assure consistent production of is included as Exhibit 2.
sound welds. The WPS is the focus of these guidelines. The test plate configurations and dimensions are
shown in AWS D1.1, Section 4. The test plate is welded
Qualification Requirements under the conditions simulating the actual production
AWS D1.1, Section 4 defines the qualification require- work. The number and types of test specimens to be
ments for both WPSs and individual welders. removed from the completed test plate are shown in
AWS D1.1, Tables 4.2-4.4. Tests may include visual
WPS inspection, tensile strength, guided bends, macroetches,
Documenting welding processes and variables in radiography, and impact tests. If the test results do not
a written WPS provides a standard method for repro- meet the requirements of AWS D1.1 or project specifi-
ducing welds. A qualified WPS establishes that a weld cations, then a new WPS must be prepared and qualified
3
 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

by testing. can be included in several places in the section. Sample

project requirements for WPS are included as Exhibit 4.
Procedure Qualification Record An important item to consider for inclusion
A procedure qualification record (PQR) is writ- in the project specifications is a requirement that the
ten to document the actual welding variables used and manufacturer and specific electrode be stated in the
the test results for a proposed WPS. Each WPS quali- WPS. AWS uses the concept of “essential variable”,
fied by testing is supported by one or more PQRs. A which can be considered a parameter that cannot be
sample PQR supporting the WPS in Exhibit 2 is includ- changed without resubmittal of the WPS by the contrac-
ed as Exhibit 2A. tor. Manufacturer and specific electrode are generally
not considered essential variables in AWS D1.1. This
Revision and Requalification can allow electrode substitution by the contractor during
If any welding variables are changed in a WPS, fabrication without review by the engineer or the testing
then a new WPS may have to be written to reflect the agency. AWS D1.8 and AISC Seismic now require that
changes. Depending on which variables are changed, the electrode manufacturer and trade name be included
the revised WPS may have to be requalified by test- in any WPS for demand-critical welds. While not re-
ing. AWS D1.1 specifies the type of changes requiring quired by code, it is recommended that the engineer
requalification in Tables 4.5 and 4.6. require the contractor to submit the electrode product
data as part of any WPS submittal that includes welds
Welder Qualification that are part of the seismic load-resisting system, regard-
Individual welders must be qualified to perform less of whether or not they are designated as demand-
specific welds. The contractor or fabricator qualifies critical. The product data should specify the electrode
each welder for each WPS and position. The Com- notch toughness, yield strength, chemical composition,
mentary in AWS D1.1, section C4.18 states, “The welder and operating parameters.
qualification test is specifically designed to determine a Project specifications may also describe methods
welder’s ability to produce sound welds in any given test of preparation, welding parameters, inspection require-
joint. After successfully completing the welder quali- ments, and mitigation methods for rejected welds. Ad-
fication tests, the welder should be considered to have ditional requirements, such as the sequence of welded
minimum acceptable qualifications.” construction may also be included in the project speci-
AWS D1.1 defines welder qualification require- fications. These are often referred to as welding proce-
ments. Each welder’s qualification remains in effect in- dures but should not be confused with WPSs.
definitely unless (1) the welder is not engaged in a given
process of welding for which the welder is qualified Review of WPS
for a period exceeding six months, or (2) there is some Submittal of WPSs should be in a timely man-
specific reason to question a welder’s ability. A sample ner to allow for adequate review, preferably within the
welder qualification test record is included as Exhibit 3. same time frame as the structural steel shop drawings.
WPSs should be submitted on all projects that include
Engineers’ Project Specifications for welds. The structural engineer should review WPSs for
WPS completeness and conformance to project specifications.
The structural engineer should request WPSs The structural engineer need not be a welding special-
for each type of weld joint to be used on a project. The ist to be able to review relevant parts of WPSs. As a
structural engineer’s request for WPSs will typically ap- minimum the structural engineer should verify that the
pear in the structural steel section of the project specifi- joint details, material thickness and grades, filler materi-
cations. To help ensure that WPSs are used, references als in the design documents are covered by the submit-

4
 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

ted WPSs. It is recommended that the project testing

agency that will be performing the welding inspection
review all WPSs, PQRs, and related documents. If the
structural engineer determines that additional review is
necessary, the documents can be forwarded to a welding
consultant. All comments should be forwarded to the
structural engineer for incorporation in the WPS sub-
mittal response.
The project testing agency verifies individual
welder qualifications during steel fabrication and erec-
tion. Welder qualifications do not ordinarily need to be
submitted to the structural engineer for review. Struc-
tural engineers should be alert to the possibility of
receiving welder qualifications when WPS submittals are
required.
The submitted WPS and PQR documentation
should be appropriate for the specific project. Some
fabricators will submit WPSs for all welds that they have
paperwork for, including those that are not used on the
project. Engineers should discourage this practice when
possible, and consider rejecting WPS submittals where it
is obvious that inappropriate WPSs are included.

Use During Project

The use of written WPSs during appropriate
phases of a project provides the welder with the basic
welding and weld joint requirements and provides the
inspector and structural engineer with the criteria to
evaluate the quality of welding. AWS D1.1, Sections 3.6
and 4.2.3 requires WPSs to be available to those “autho-
rized to use or examine them”. Written WPSs should be
available at the work site for both welders and inspec-
tors. The WPSs provide the welder and inspector the
information necessary to set and monitor the variables
essential to each welding process and weld joint con-
figuration. The inspector can then assure that proper
welding parameters are being followed or note devia-
tions. The structural engineer should promptly address
any nonconformance to an approved WPS.

5
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

Exhibits

Exhibit 1 PREQUALIFIED Welding Procedure Specification

Exhibit 2 QUALIFIED BY TESTING Welding Procedure Specification
Exhibit 2A Procedure Qualification Record
Exhibit 3 Welder Performance Qualification Test Record
Exhibit 4 Project Specification
 PREQUALIFIED
Exhibit 1 Welding Procedure Specification
P LE
WPS P-1
S A M
COMPANY____Pacific Fabrication Inc.__________________________ DATE_____June 6, XXXX_____________________________________
WELDING PROCESS__Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)____________
q TYPE: Manual Semi-Automatic r
WELDING CODE___AWS D1.1-XX_____________________________ Machine Automatic
w
SUPPORTING PQRs__not required for prequalified WPS____________
e
JOINT DESIGN USED WELDING POSITIONS
TYPE: Single Double Weld t POSITION OF GROOVE________Vertical (3G)___________________
d
BACKING: Yes No y POSITION OF FILLET_____________-------______________________
f
BACKING MATERIAL____1/4” x 1” flat bar_______________________ VERTICAL PROGRESSION: Up Down g
ROOT OPENING_3/8”_ u ROOT FACE DIMENSION_0________
i ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
GROOVE ANGLE_30°_o RADIUS (J-U)____n/a_____________
a TRANSFER MODE (GMAW): n/a h
BACKGOUGING: Yes No METHOD_______________
s Short-Circuiting Globular Spray Pulsed
BASE METALS CURRENT: AC DCEP DCEN j
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION_____ASTM A36-XX__________________
; k
OTHER____electrical stickout: 3/4” to 1”_________________________
TYPE OR GRADE___________________________________________ TUNGSTEN ELECTRODE (GTAW): n/a l
THICKNESS: GROOVE_3/4” to 1”_2) FILLET___n/a_________
2! SIZE _____________________ TYPE_____________________
DIAMETER (PIPE)___________n/a_____________________________
2@ TECHNIQUE
FILLER METALS STRINGER or WEAVE BEAD_______Stringer Passes______________
3!
AWS SPECIFICATION______A5.20-XX__________________________
2# MULTI-PASS or SINGLE PASS (per side)______Multi-pass__________
3@
AWS CLASSIFICATION__E71T-8 (Lincoln Innershield NR-232)_______
2$ NUMBER OF ELECTRODES________1_________________________
3#
SHIELDING ELECTRODE SPACING: LONGITUDINAL _______n/a_____________
3$
2%
FLUX________n/a____________ GAS__________n/a____________
2^ LATERAL ____________n/a_____________
3%
COMPOSITION___n/a__________
2& ANGLE _____________n/a______________
3^
ELECTRODE-FLUX CLASS FLOW RATE_____n/a__________
2* CONTACT TUBE TO WORK DISTANCE___________n/a____________
3&
_________n/a___________
2( GAS CUP SIZE___n/a__________
3) PEENING____optional, may be performed with slag hammer when weld
pass is hot, peening not allowed on root or cover passes_____________
3*
INTERPASS CLEANING_____needle gun, wire brush______________
3(
PREHEAT POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
PREHEAT TEMP., MIN. ______up to 3/4” thickness: none___________ TEMPERATURE ___________none_____________________________
4#
__________________________over 3/4” to 1”: 150°F______________
4) TIME _____________________n/a_____________________________
INTERPASS TEMP., MIN. __same as preheat temp.____ 4@
4! MAX.______
WELDING PROCEDURE
PASS OR FILLER METALS CURRENT TRAVEL
WELD PROCESS TYPE & VOLTS SPEED, JOINT DETAILS
LAYER CLASS DIA. AMPS ipm
POLARITY
1 to 2 FCAW E71T-8 0.068” DCEN 195-220 18-20 6-9

3 to 17 FCAW E71T-8 0.072” DCEN 200-240 19-22 7-11

4$ 4% 4^ 4& 4* 4( 5)
5!
Approved for production by_______________________________________________________________________
Fabricator Date
 Exhibit 1 - cont.

q Type of welding process to be used.

w AWS D1.1-XX is titled Structural Welding Code – Steel. Other structural welding codes for sheet
steel and rebar are, respectively, AWS D1.3-XX and AWS D1.4-XX.

e For a prequalified WPS, a procedure qualification record (PQR) is not required.

r In this sample WPS, FCAW is a semi-automatic process using a hand-held welding gun with an
automated electrode feed.

t Asides.
single welded joint is welded from one side only. A double welded joint is welded from both

y Backing is a material or device placed against the back side of the joint, or at both sides of the
weld (for electrogas welding (EGW) and electroslag welding (ESW) to support and retain molten
weld metal. Backing is not required for fillet and partial joint penetration welds.

u The root opening is a separation at the joint root between the workpieces.
is root gap.
The nonstandard term

i The root face is the portion of the groove face at the weld root.
o The groove angle is the total included angle of the groove between the workpieces.
a Groove radius in a J-groove or a U-groove joint weld.
s Backgouging is the removal of weld metal and base metal from the weld root back side of a
welded joint to facilitate complete fusion and complete joint penetration upon subsequent welding
from that side.

d A prequalified WPS for complete and partial joint penetration groove welds is valid only for the
permitted groove weld positions shown in AWS D1.1, Figures 3.3 and 3.4. See Figures 4.1, 4.3
and 4.4 for types of groove weld positions.

f AFigures
prequalified WPS for fillet welds shall meet the requirements of AWS D1.1, Section 3.9.
4.5 and 4.6 for types of fillet weld positions.
See

g Welding in the vertical position for a prequalified WPS requires the progression of passes to be in
the upwards direction. Welding in the vertical down position would require the WPS to be quali-
fied by testing. Note: welding of tubulars may be upwards or downwards but only in the direction
for which the welder is qualified.

h For Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) there are four types of transfer modes of molten metal from
the electrode tip to the work: short-circuiting (which is not prequalified), globular, axial spray, and
pulsed.
 Exhibit 1 - cont.

j DCEN indicates the power source is DC and the welding leads are arranged so that the electrode
is the negative pole, i.e., the polarity is “straight”.

k See 3&
l For Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), the size and type of the tungsten electrode shall be
recorded. GTAW is not prequalified.

; ASTM, ABS, or API designation for the base metal material(s).If applicable, the type or grade
should be included. Base metals approved for prequalified WPSs are listed in AWS D1.1, Table
3.1.

2) Base metal thickness range for groove welds.

2! Base metal thickness range for fillet welds.
2@ Size or diameter range of pipe.
2# A5.20-XX is the AWS specification number for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cord Arc Weld-
ing.

2$ E71T-8 is the AWS classification number of electrode listed in the Specification A5.20-XX. Elec-
trodes are classified according to as-welded mechanical properties, suitable welding positions,
and usability characteristics, such as the use or absence of shielding gas. In this sample the
manufacturer’s name and type of electrode are provided for information only.

2% An external flux is not required for FCAW but would be specified for Submerged Arc Welding
(SAW).

2^ External shielding gases are used with GMAW, GTAW, EGW, and some FCAW electrodes. For
the E71T-8 classification electrode in this sample, shielding is provided by the flux contained in
the electrode core.

2& Percentage composition of any shielding gas(es).

2* Flow rate of shielding gases.
2( AWS classification of electrode/flux combinations for ESW and SAW.
3) Size of a gas cup or nozzle which directs the shielding gas (es) to the weld zone from the end of
the welding gun for FCAW-G and GMAW.

3! A weave bead is a weld bead or layer made with transverse oscillation. A stringer bead is made
without appreciable oscillation.

3@ A single pass weld is made with one weld bead. Multiple passes consist of multiple weld beads.
 Exhibit 1 - cont.

3# For machine or automatic purposes, multiple electrodes may be used.

3$ Longitudinal spacing between multiple electrodes.
3% Lateral spacing between multiple electrodes.
3^ Angle of multiple electrodes.
3& Distance from the contact tube in welding gun to the work for SAW. Electrical stickout, which is
the electrode length between the point of electrical contact in the welding gun and the arc can be
indicated for FCAW and GMAW.

3* Peening is the mechanical working of metals using impact blows to relieve shrinkage stresses.
If peening is performed, the method, such as striking with a hammer or using pneumatic tools,
should be indicated.

3( After each weld pass, the weld surface should be cleaned to remove any deleterious material
such as slag, spatter, etc.

4) Preheating is the application of heat to the base metal prior to welding. Proper preheat (and
elevated interpass temperatures) reduces the possibility of cracking by slowing the cooling rate in
a workpiece. Preheating also equalizes the temperature in the workpiece to reduce local expan-
sion and the tendency to warp or distort. Methods of preheating include using an oxyfuel torch,
electrical resistance equipment, and induction heating. Prequalified minimum preheat and inter-
pass temperature requirements for different base metals, thicknesses and welding processes are
shown in AWS D1.1, Table 3.2.

4! The minimum interpass temperature must conform to minimum preheat requirements as dis-
cussed in 4)

4@ Maximum interpass temperature must conform to minimum preheat requirements as discussed

in 4)

4# Postweld heat treatment may be required for stress relieving the weldment.
4$ Designates the weld pass.
4% See 2$
4^ Electrode size(s).
4& See j
 Exhibit 1 - cont.

4* The amperage is an essential variable for FCAW. To be prequalified, the amperage must be
within the electrode manufacturer’s recommended range. A single amperage value has a + 10%
tolerance for FCAW. Each range specified should not exceed this tolerance. The listed amper-
age should be specific to the welded joint. See AWS D1.1, Section 3.6 and Table 4.5, Item 13.
In this sample WPS, an acceptable range of amperages is provided for each electrode size.

4( The voltage is an essential variable for FCAW. To be prequalified, the voltage must be within
the electrode manufacturer’s recommended range. A single voltage value has a + 7% tolerance
for FCAW. Each range specified should not exceed this tolerance. The listed voltage should be
specific to the welded joint. See AWS D1.1, Section 3.6 and Table 4.5, Item 15. In this sample
WPS, an acceptable range of voltages is provided for each electrode size.

5) Travel speed is the rate of travel of the arc in the direction of the weld progression. Travel speed
is an essential variable for FCAW. A new or revised WPS must be written if there is an increase
or decrease from the mean travel speed by 25 percent. The listed travel speed should be specific
to the welded joint. See AWS D1.1, Section 3.6 and Table 4.5, Item 17. In this sample WPS, an
acceptable range of travel speeds is provided for each electrode size.

5! Prequalified joint details and the limitations for weld processes, base metal thicknesses, groove
dimensions, welding positions, and weld sizes for partial and complete joint penetration groove
 QUALIFIED BY TESTING
Exhibit 2 Welding Procedure Specification
P LE
WPS P-2
SA M
COMPANY____Pacific Fabrication Inc.__________________________ DATE_____January 11, XXXX_________________________________
WELDING PROCESS__Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)_________
q TYPE: Manual Semi-Automatic r
WELDING CODE___AWS D1.1-XX_____________________________ Machine Automatic
w
SUPPORTING PQRs__P-2___________________________________
e
JOINT DESIGN USED WELDING POSITIONS
TYPE: Single Double Weld t d
POSITION OF GROOVE______Flat (1G), Horizontal (2G)___________
BACKING: Yes No y f
POSITION OF FILLET_____________-------______________________
BACKING MATERIAL____3/16” x 1” flat bar______________________ VERTICAL PROGRESSION: Up Down g
ROOT OPENING_3/8”_ u i
ROOT FACE DIMENSION_0________ ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
GROOVE ANGLE_45°_o a
RADIUS (J-U)____n/a_____________ TRANSFER MODE (GMAW): n/a h
BACKGOUGING: Yes No s
METHOD_______________ Short-Circuiting Globular Spray Pulsed
BASE METALS CURRENT: AC DCEP DCEN j
l
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION_____ASTM A36-XX__________________ OTHER__________________________________________________
TYPE OR GRADE___________________________________________ __ k
THICKNESS: GROOVE_1/2” to 3/4”_; 2)
FILLET___n/a_________ TUNGSTEN ELECTRODE (GTAW): n/a
2!
DIAMETER (PIPE)___________n/a_____________________________ TECHNIQUE
FILLER METALS 3)
STRINGER or WEAVE BEAD_______Stringer Passes______________
2@
AWS SPECIFICATION______A5.20-XX__________________________ 3!
MULTI-PASS or SINGLE PASS (per side)______Multi-pass__________
2#
AWS CLASSIFICATION__E7018 (Lincoln Electric LH-70)____________ 3@
NUMBER OF ELECTRODES________1_________________________

SHIELDING 3#
ELECTRODE SPACING: LONGITUDINAL _______n/a_____________
2$
FLUX________n/a____________ 2%
GAS__________n/a____________ 3$
LATERAL ____________n/a_____________
2^
COMPOSITION___n/a__________ 3%
ANGLE _____________n/a______________

ELECTRODE-FLUX CLASS 2&

FLOW RATE_____n/a__________
3^
CONTACT TUBE TO WORK DISTANCE___________n/a____________
2*
_________n/a___________ 2(
GAS CUP SIZE___n/a__________ PEENING____optional, may be performed with slag hammer when weld
3&
pass is hot, peening not allowed on root or cover passes_____________
3*
INTERPASS CLEANING_____needle gun, wire brush______________
PREHEAT POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
PREHEAT TEMP., MIN. ______________40°F____________________
3( 4@
TEMPERATURE ___________none_____________________________
_________________________________________________________ TIME _____________________n/a_____________________________
4!
4) MAX.______
INTERPASS TEMP., MIN. __________40°F___________

WELDING PROCEDURE
PASS OR FILLER METALS CURRENT TRAVEL
WELD PROCESS TYPE & VOLTS SPEED, JOINT DETAILS
LAYER CLASS DIA. AMPS ipm
POLARITY
1 to 2 SMAW E7018 1/8” DCEP 130-140 20-21 8-10

3 to 9 SMAW E7018 5/32” DCEP 150-180 23-26 10-15

4# 4$ 4% 4^ 4& 4* 4(
5)
Approved for production by_______________________________________________________________________
Fabricator Date
 Exhibit 2 - cont.

q Type of welding process to be used.

w AWS D1.1-XX is titled Structural Welding Code – Steel. Other structural welding codes for sheet
steel and rebar are, respectively, AWS D1.3-XX and AWS D1.4-XX.

e A WPS qualified by testing is supported by a procedure qualification record (PQR). See Exhibit
2A: PQR P-2.

r SMAW is a manual process whereby the welder uses a hand-held holder to grip the electrode.
t Asides.
single welded joint is welded from one side only. A double welded joint is welded from both

y Backing is a material or device placed against the back side of the joint, or at both sides of the
weld (for electrogas welding (EGW) and electroslag welding (ESW) to support and retain molten
weld metal. Backing is not required for fillet and partial joint penetration welds.

u The root opening is a separation at the joint root between the workpieces. The nonstandard term
is root gap.

i The root face is the portion of the groove face at the weld root.
o The groove angle is the total included angle of the groove between the workpieces.
a Groove radius in a J-groove or U-groove joint weld.
s Backgouging is the removal of weld metal and base metal from the weld root back side of a
welded joint to facilitate complete fusion and complete joint penetration upon subsequent welding
from that side.

d This sample WPS for the joint designation TC-U4a was qualified by testing for a corner joint
welded in the horizontal position. See AWS D1.1, Figures 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4 for types of groove
weld positions. Because the WPS was qualified by welding the PQR test plate in the horizontal
position (See Exhibit 2A: PQR P-2), AWS D1.1, Table 4.1, also qualifies the WPS for groove and
fillet welds in the flat position.

f See AWS D1.1, Figures 4.2, 4.5 and 4.6 for types of fillet weld positions.
g A WPS qualified by testing for the vertical position must indicate the direction of the weld progres-
sion – up or down. A change from up to down, or vice versa, would require requalification, i.e,
another PQR test.

h For Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) there are four types of transfer modes of molten metal from
the electrode tip to the work: short-circuiting, globular, axial spray, and pulsed. Any WPS using
GMAW with the short-circuiting transfer mode requires qualification by testing.
 Exhibit 2 - cont.

j DCEP indicates the power source is DC and the welding leads are arranged so that the electrode
is the positive pole, i.e., the polarity is “reverse”.

k For Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), the size and type of the tungsten electrode shall be
recorded. Any WPS using GTAW requires qualification by testing.

l ASTM, ABS, API or other designation for the base metal material(s) qualified by testing. If appli-
cable, the type or grade should be included.

; Base metal thickness range for groove welds. This sample WPS is written only for complete
joint penetration groove welds for plate thicknesses of ½ to ¾”. However, PQR P-2 in Exhibit 2A
qualifies a WPS for a plate thickness range of 1/8” to 1-1/2”, for complete joint penetration and
partial penetration groove welds, and fillet welds, based on the PQR test plate thickness of ¾”.
Refer to AWS D1.1, Table 4.2 for qualified plate, pipe, and tube thicknesses.

2) Base metal thickness range for fillet welds.

2! Size or diameter range of pipe.
2@ A5.1-XX
ing.
is the AWS specification no. for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Weld-

2# E7018 is the AWS classification no. for a low hydrogen type of electrode listed in the specification
no. A5.1-XX. Electrodes are classified according to as-welded mechanical properties, suitable
welding positions, and usability characteristics. In this sample the manufacturer’s name and type
of electrode are provided for information only.

2$ An external flux is not used with SMAW.

require specifying an external flux.
The Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) process would

2% External shielding gases are used with GMAW, GTAW, EGW, and some FCAW electrodes. The
covering on the SMAW electrode creates a gas during the welding to shield the arc and prevent
excessive atmospheric contamination of the weld metal.

2^ Percentage composition of any shielding gas(es).

2& Flow rate of any changing gases.
2* AWS classification of electrode/flux combinations for ESW and SAW.
2( Size of gas cup or nozzle which directs the shielding gas (es) to the weld zone from the end of
the welding gun for FCAW-G or GMAW.

3) A weave bead is a weld bead or layer made with transverse oscillation. A stringer bead is made
without appreciable oscillation.
 Exhibit 2 - cont.

3! A single pass weld is made with one weld bead. Multiple passes consist of multiple weld beads.
3@ For machine or automatic processes, multiple electrodes may be used.
3# Longitudinal spacing between multiple electrodes.
3$ Lateral spacing between multiple electrodes.
3% Angle of multiple electrodes.
3^ Distance from the contact tube in welding gun to the work for SAW. Electrical stickout, which is
the electrode length between the point of electrical contact in the welding gun and the arc, can be
indicated for FCAW and GMAW.

3& Mechanical working of metals using impact blows to relieve shrinkage stresses. If peening is
performed, the method, such as striking with a hammer or using pneumatic tools, should be indi-
cated.

3* After each weld pass, the weld surface may be cleaned to remove any deleterious material such
as slag, spatter, etc.

3( The minimum preheat temperature for a FCAW, GMAW, SAW, or SMAW WPS qualified by test-
ing is 25°F less than the preheat temperature used during the welding of the PQR test plate. See
Exhibit 2A: PQR P-2. Refer to AWS D1.1, Table 45, and Section 5.6 for allowable decreases in
preheat temperatures.

4) The minimum interpass temperature is equal to the minimum preheat temperature. Refer to
AWS D1.1, Table 4.5, Note 7, and Section 5.6.

4! Maximum interpass temperatures may be specified for welding of steels with toughness require-
ments, high strength steels, quenched and tempered steels, etc.

4@ Postweld heat treatment may be required for stress relieving the weldment.
4# Designates the weld pass.
4$ See 2#
4% Electrode size(s). See j
4^ A SMAW WPS qualified by testing must be re-qualified if the amperage, an essential variable, is
outside the range recommended by the electrode manufacturer. For other processes, re-quali-
fication is required if the amperage varies from that used in the PQR test by more than the toler-
ance given in AWS D1.1, Table 4.5.
 Exhibit 2 - cont.

4& Aoutside
SMAW WPS qualified by testing must be re-qualified if the voltage, an essential variable, is
the range recommended by the electrode manufacturer. For other processes, re-qualifi-
cation is required if the voltage varies from that used in the PQR test by more than the tolerance
given in AWS D1.1, Table 4.5.

4* A SMAW WPS qualified by testing must be re-qualified of the voltage, an essential variable, is
outside the range recommended by the electrode manufacturer. For other processes, re-qualifi-
cation is required if the voltage varies from that used in the PQR test by more than the tolerance
given in AWS D1.1, Table 4.5.

4( Travel speed is the speed of the arc in the direction of the weld progression. Travel speed is
not an essential variable for SMAW. However, for other processes, requalification is required if
the travel speed varies from that used in the PQR test by more than the tolerance given in AWS
D1.1, Table 4.5.

5) Joint details for the corner weld joint.

 SAMPLE
Procedure Qualification Record
Exhibit 2A PQR P-2
COMPANY____Pacific Fabrication Inc.__________________________ DATE_____January 11, XXXX_________________________________
WELDING PROCESS__Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)_________ WELDING CODE___AWS D1.1-XX_____________________________

WELDING POSITION _______Horizontal (2G)____________________

w TEST ASSEMBLY _AWS D1.1-XX, Fig.4.10 [Fig.5.10]_______________
a
BASE METAL _______ASTM A36-XX, 3/4” plate___________________
e FILLER METAL _____AWS A5.1-XX, E7018______________________
s
BACKING MATERIAL ___3/16” x 1” flat bar_______________________
r ELECTRODE SIZE __________1/8” dia._________________________
d
BACKGOUGING: Yes No CURRENT: AC DCEP DCEN f
t
PREHEAT TEMP. ______none (65°F ambient)____________________
y VOLTAGE ______20_____
g AMPERAGE _______130_____
h
INTERPASS TEMP. _________325°F___________________________
u ARC TRAVEL SPEED _________8-10 ipm_______________________
j
POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT ____none______________________
i STRINGER or WEAVE BEAD __________Stringer_________________
k
INTERPASS CLEANING _____needle gun, wire brush______________
o MULTI-PASS or SINGLE PASS (per side) ______Multi-pass__________
l
WELDER’S NAME ________Ryan F. Tana_______________________ PEENING ______________none_______________________________
;
WELDER’S SOCIAL SECURITY NO. _____666-55-7777____________ TEST DATE ___________January 9, XXXX_______________________

TEST RESULTS 2)
VISUAL INSPECTION
2!
Appearance __Acceptable__ Undercut __Acceptable__ Piping Porosity __Acceptable__ Convexity __-----------__
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION or ULTRASONIC TESTING
2@
RT Report No. __96-101__ Result __Passed__ UT Report No. ___-------___ Result __--------__
GUIDED BEND TESTS 2#
Specimen Type of Bend Result Remarks
No.
1 Side Passed complete fusion, no discontinuities
2 Side Passed complete fusion, no discontinuities
3 Side Passed complete fusion, no discontinuities
4 Side Passed complete fusion, no discontinuities
TENSILE TESTS 2$
Specimen Width, Thickness, Area, Ultimate Ultimate Fracture
No. in. in. sq. in. Tensile Load, lbs. Tensile Stress, psi Location
1 0.751 0.747 0.561 35,900 64,000 Base Metal
2 0.748 0.747 0.599 35,100 62,800 Base Metal

Tests conducted by ____Acme Testing Laboratory_______ Lab No. ____Z-1957-24-23____

We, the undersigned, certify that the information in this record is correct, and that the test weld was prepared, welded, and tested in accordance with
the requirements of Section 1, Part B, [Section 5, Part B] of AWS D1.1-XX,
Structural Welding Code - Steel.
Signed by ________________________________________________________________
Exhibit 2A - cont.

q Joint details for the test assembly. Also shown are the sequence of weld passes. To qualify the
corner joint for WPS P-2 in Exhibit 2, a butt jointed PQR test plate, with the same joint configu-
ration to be used in production, is welded. Per AWS D1.1, Section 4.9.1.1, butt joint test speci-
mens are used to qualify corner and T-joint welds instead of corner or T-shaped specimens.
Specimens are removed from the completed test plate to evaluate the mechanical properties of
the welded joint. See AWS D1.1, Figure 4.10 for dimensions of the PQR test plate.

w In this sample the complete joint penetration groove weld was welded in the horizontal (2G) po-
sition. Passing results for the PQR test plate qualifies the WPS for welding in the horizontal and
flat positions for groove and fillet welds per the AWS D1.1, Table 4.1.

e Base metal material(s) used for the PQR test plate. Nominal thicknesses considered qualified
by the PQR are listed in AWS D1.1, Table 4.2.

r Backing is a material or device placed against the back side of the joint, or at both sides of the
weld in electroslag and electrogas welding, to support and retain molten weld metal. Backing is
not required for fillet and partial joint penetration welds.

t Backgouging is the removal of weld metal and base metal from the weld root back side of a
welded joint to facilitate complete fusion and complete joint penetration upon subsequent weld-
ing from that side.

y Preheat temperature used for welding of the PQR test plate. In this sample a preheat was not
applied to the test plate. Therefore, the temperature of the test plate, which was at the shop
ambient temperature, is recorded.

u Interpass temperature during welding of the PQR test plate is recorded.

i Postweld heat treatment used on the PQR test plate.

o Method used to clean each weld pass.

a See AWS D1.1, Figures 4.9, 4.10, and 4.11 for PQR test plate dimensions and locations of test
specimens.

s AWS filler metal specification no. and classification no.

d Size of electrode to weld PQR test plate.

DCEP indicates the power source is DC and the welding leads are arranged so that the elec-
f trode is the positive pole, i.e., the polarity is “reverse”.

g Voltage used during welding of the PQR test plate.

Exhibit 2A - cont.

h Amperage used during welding of the PQR test plate.

j Rate of travel for the arc stream in the direction of the weld progression.

k A weave bead is a weld bead or layer made with transverse oscillation. A stringer bead is made
without appreciable oscillation.

l Technique used to weld the PQR test plate.

; Peening is the mechanical working of metals using impact blows to relieve shrinkage stresses.
If peening is performed, the method, such as striking with a hammer or using pneumatic tools,
should be indicated.

2) Typical procedure qualification tests include visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and me-
chanical testing such as guided bend tests and reduced-section tensile tests. Macroetch tests
may be required to check weld size and/or fusion. See AWS D1.1, Tables 4.2 – 4.4 for number
and type or test specimens required. Charpy V-notch impact tests for toughness shall be per-
formed when required by the contract drawings or the project specifications.

2! Visual inspection includes checking for items such as appearance, undercut, underfill, porosity,
cracks, slag inclusions, excessive reinforcement, etc. Excessive convexity, insufficient throat,
overlap, and insufficient leg are other items to be checked for fillet welds.

Non-destructive testing is required, radiographic examination (x-ray) or ultrasonic testing D1.1

2@ Section 4.8.2.

2# For groove weld test plates or pipes, four bend tests are required. For base metal thicknesses
less than or equal to 3/8 inch, two face bend tests and two root bend tests are performed. For
base metal thicknesses greater than 3/8 inch, four side bend tests are conducted.

2$ For groove weld test plates or pipes, two reduced section tensile tests are required.
 SAMPLE
Exhibit 3

WELDER PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION TEST RECORD

WELDER’S NAME ________Joseph D. Smith_________________________ SOCIAL SECURITY NO. or ID NO. ___555-66-8888_____________

WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS) NO. __P-1__(06/06/XX)_____
q REV. NO. ______---------------________________________
WELDING PROCESS ___Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)_______
w manual semi-automatic automatic machinee
FILLER METAL _____AWS A5.20-XX, E71T8__________________
r CURRENT ___DC____
t POLARITY _____straight (-)_____
y
ELECTRODE SIZE __________0.068” dia.____________________ VOLTS ______20____
u AMPERAGE _____210_________
i
BASE METAL _____ASTM A36-96, plate, 1” thickness________________________________
o BACKING Yes No a
SHIELDING GAS(ES) _________none______________________
s FLUX _______________n/a_________________________________
d
TEST WELD __single V-groove weld w/ backing - AWS D1.1-XX, Fig.4.21 [Fig.5.19]__
f TEST POSITION __Vertical (3G) up______________
g

TEST RESULTS h
VISUAL INSPECTION Acceptable: Yes No
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION Acceptable: Yes No
GUIDED BEND TESTS Side Bend #1: SATISFACTORY Side Bend #2: SATISFACTORY

The welder is qualified for the welding process, weld types, positions, and material thicknesses shown below.
Welding Process Qualified For: FCAW (without shielding gas)
Welding Positions and Material Thicknesses Qualified For: j
Plate Flat Horizontal Vertical (up) Overhead Material thickness: Groove welds on pipe only
Groove qualified for pipe over 24 in. dia.
Welds Pipe Flat Horizontal Vertical (up) Overhead 1/8” to unlimited with backing
Plate Flat Horizontal Vertical (up) Overhead Material thickness:
Fillet
Welds Pipe Flat Horizontal Vertical (up) Overhead 1/8” to unlimited

The undersigned certifies that the statements in this record are correct and the test welds were prepared, welded, and tested in accordance with the
requirements of Section 4 of AWS D1.1-XX, Structural Welding Code - Steel.

Date _____January 27, XXXX_______________ Signed by ____________________________________________

Exhibit 3 - cont.

q Identifies the fabricator’s WPS that the welder used for welding of the test plate. AWS D1.1 Sec.
4.18 requires that a WPS applicable to the performance qualification test be followed.

w Welding process used by the welder.

e In this sample WPS, FCAW is a semi-automatic process using a hand-held welding gun with an
automated electrode feed.

r AWS filler metal specification no. and classification no.

t DC or AC power source.

y The polarity might be “straight” (negative) or “reverse” (positive). In this sample welder qualifica-
tion, the direct current welding leads are arranged so that the electrode is the negative pole and
the workpiece is the positive pole of the welding arc.

u Voltage used during the welding test.

i Amperage used during the welding test.

o Base metal material.

a Backing is a material or device placed against the back side of the joint, or at both sides of the
weld in electroslag and electrogas welding, to support and retain molten weld metal. Backing is
not required for fillet and partial joint penetration welds.

s Protective gas used to prevent or reduce atmospheric contamination to molten weld metal.

d A material used to hinder or prevent the formation of oxides and other undesirable substances in
molten weld metal an don solid metal surfaces, and to dissolve or otherwise facilitate the remov-
al of such substances. In the FCAW process the flux is contained in the electrode. For other
processes such as Electroslag Welding (ESW) and Submerged Arc Welding (SAW), the flux is
supplied externally to the molten metal.

f Joint configuration and test assembly used. For groove welds, see AWS D1.1, Figures 4.21
– 4.22, 4.24 – 4.25 and 4.27 – 4.31. For fillet welds, see Figures 4.19, 4.32, and 4.36. For plug
welds, see Figure 4.37. For tack welds, see Figure 4.38.

g Position of test assembly used to qualify the welder. See AWS D1.1, Figures 4.3 – 4.6 for posi-
tions of groove and fillet welds. In this sample, the welder welded the test plate in the vertical
position with the progression of passes in the upwards direction. If the welder must weld verti-
cally with the progression of passes in the downwards direction, the welder shall take another
performance qualification test by welding vertically down.
Exhibit 3 - cont.

h Typical welder performance qualification tests for groove welds include a visual inspection of the
welding followed by mechanical testing. Visual inspection includes checking for items such as
appearance, undercut, underfill, porosity, cracks, slag inclusions, excessive reinforcement, etc.
In this sample, machined specimens were removed from the 1 inch thick welded test plate for
two side bend tests. If a test plate is less than or equal to 3/8 inch, one face bend test and one
root bend test are required instead of two side bends. In lieu of conducting bend tests, the code
states the test assembly can be radiographically examined (x-rayed). Refer to AWS D1.1, Table
4.9 for the required number and type of tests for all configurations of welder performance qualifi-
cation test assemblies.

j The table indicates the welding positions and material thicknesses for both groove and fillet
welds that the welder has been qualified to weld. These are based on the passing test results
for the 1 inch test plate welded in the vertical (up) position. See AWS D1.1, Table 4.9, for weld-
ing positions qualified, Table 4.10 for material thickness range qualified, and Table 4.11 for
welder essential variables requiring requalification.
 SAMPLE
Exhibit 4
PROJECT SPECIFICATION

SECTION 05120 – STRUCTURAL STEEL

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 REFERENCES

A. American Welding Society, AWS D1.1, Structural Welding Code – Steel

B. American Welding Society, AWS D1.8, Structural Welding Code – Seismic Supplement

1.02 SUBMITTALS

A. Written Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) in accordance with AWS D1.1

requirements for each different welded joint proposed for use whether prequalified
or qualified by testing.
1. Each WPS shall include reference to proposed electrode by manufacturer and
trade name.
2. The engineer and Owner’s Testing Agency will review WPSs for conformance with
the Contract Documents.

B. Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) in accordance with AWS D1.1 for all procedures
qualified by testing.

C. Electrode manufacturer’s operating parameters and test data.

1.03 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Perform work in accordance with AWS D1.1.

1. Qualify welders in accordance with AWS D1.1 for each process, position, and joint
configuration. The Owner’s Testing Agency will verify the welder’s qualification
documents in the field
2. WPSs for each joint type shall indicate proper AWS qualification and be available where
welding is performed.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 SHOP CONNECTIONS (Field similar)

A. Welded connections: Comply with AWS D1.1.

1. Weld only in accordance with approved WPSs, which are to be available to welders and
inspectors during the production process.
 SAMPLE
Exhibit 4 - cont.
PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL (Field similar)

A. The Owner’s Testing Agency will inspect shop welding for conformance with AWS D1.1
requirements and will verify that welds are made in accordance with approved WPSs.