Physics Classes by Ankur Kalhar

Heat and Thermodynamics ( except Calorimetry and Expansion) Test 2023-24

Time : 60 Min Phy : Subjectwise Paper Marks : 140
Hints and Solutions

01) Ans: B) 280 ml T

Sol: We know that, V  T at constant pressure For engine A, A  1 
T1
V T VT 300  280
 1  1  V2  1 2   280 ml. T2
V2 T2 T1 300 For engine B, B 1 
T
As per question, A  B
02) Ans: C) Kirchoff's law
T T T T2
 1 1  2   or T  T1T2
03) Ans: C) 8.4  10 J 6 T1 T T1 T
T2 W
Sol: As   1   08) Ans: D) 5000 K
T1 Q 4
E T 
 T   (273  27)  6
Sol: Here, by stefan's law, 2   2 
 W  1  1  Q  1    3  10 E1  T1 
 T2   (273  627)  1/4 1/4
T E   109 
 300   2   2    5   10
 W  1   3  106  10 
 900  T1  E1   
 2  106  4.2 J  8.4  106 J  T2  10T1  10  (273  227)  5000 K

04) Ans: A) 2.04 m

Sol: As we know, m T = constant,
m T1
 m1 T1  m2 T2  m2  1

T2
700 09) Ans: B)
 m2  4.08   2.04 m
1400 dQ d
Sol: We know,  KA
dt dx
05) Ans: A) 42 K
dQ
Sol: Given that, in both cylinders A and B, the Since , K and A are constants for all points,
gases are diatomic (  = 1.4). Piston A is free to dt
move means it is isobaric process. Piston B is fixed  d   dx . It means temperature will decrease
means it is isochoric process. If same amount of linearly with x.
heat  Q is given to both then,
(Q)isobaric  (Q)isochoric   Cp (T)A   Cv (T)B 9
10) Ans: D) R
Cp 4
 (T)B  (T)A  (T)A  1.4  30  42 K. 3
Cv Sol: For monatomic gas, CV  R
2
5
06) Ans: B) 1728 joules For diatomic, CV  R
V2 2
Sol: Here work done, Wiso  RT log e n1  CV 1  n2  CV 2
V1   CV mixture 
20 n1  n2
 Wiso  1  8.31  300 log e  1728 J
10 3  5 
1   R  3   R
2
  2 9
  R
07) Ans: C) T1T2 1 3 4
Sol: Efficiency of a Carnot engine
T 11) Ans: C) 1: 2
 1  2
T1 Sol: As temperature is not specified, vrms  P
where T1 is the temperature of source and T2 is vrms P  P 1
thus,  
the temperature of sink respectively. vrms 2P  2P 2
If temperature remains constant, the rms speed of

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an ideal gas is independent of the pressure of the 2K1K 2

gas. 20) Ans: C)
K1  K 2
Therefore, vrmsP  : vrms2P   1:1
Sol: The series resistance, Req  R1  R2

12) Ans: A) adiabatic. 2l l l 2 1 1

     
Sol: No heat transfer takes place between system K eq A K1A K 2 A K eq K1 K 2
and surrounding in adiabatic process. 2K1K 2
 K eq 
K1  K 2
13) Ans: D) Q  W  0 and Eint  0
Sol: Q  W  0 and  Eint  0 21) Ans: D) 4
Sol: By the Newton's law of cooling,
5 75  65  75  65 
14) Ans: A) For first case, K  30  …..(i)
7 t  2 
Sol: The fraction of supplied energy which
55  45  55  45 
increases the internal energy is given by For second case, K  30  …..(ii)
U (Q)V CV T 1 t  2 
f   
(Q)P (Q)P CP T  5t 40
Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we get 
7 5 10 20
For diatomic gas,    f .  t  4 minutes
5 7
22) Ans: C) the cube cools down faster than the
15) Ans: D) R
sphere.
Sol: Process described by the equation,
Sol: We know, rate of cooling of a body
PV3  constant
 A(T 4  T04 ) A Area
For a polytropic process, PV  constant R  i.e. R  
t mc m Volume
R 3 R 1
C  CV   R R  For the same surface area. R 
1  2 1 3 Volume
As, Volume of cube< Volume of sphere
16) Ans: C) 107 K  RCube  RSphere . It implies cube, cools down
Sol: From the given problem, temperature with faster rate.
3
b 2.93  10
T   107 K 23) Ans: A) 2P1V1
m 2.93  1010
1
Sol: Here, Work done   2P1  2V1  2P1V1
17) Ans: A) less than 1 / 2. 2
1
T2  V1  24) Ans: A) 200
Sol: Here,   2
T1  V2  Sol: As m T = constant
1
V 
1
V T1 2 104
1  1  1 1 V    = 200.
 2   2     V2  1 T2 1 0.5  106
 V1  2 V1  2  2 2

25) Ans: C) both isothermal and adiabatic

18) Ans: A) T1  T2
changes.
Sol: As rate of loss of heat is directly proportional
to the temperature difference between water and 26) Ans: D) 300C
the surroundings. Sol: Given V1  V, V2  2V1  2V,
19) Ans: D) 9 minute T1  27C  300 K
Sol: From the newton's law of cooling, V1 V2 V 
As per Charles’ law  or T2  T1  2 
80  50  80  50  T1 T2
for first case,  k  20  .....(i)  V1 
5  2 
 2V 
60  30  300 K    600 K  327C
 60  30   V 
for second case, k  20  ......(ii)
t  2  Increase in temperature, T  T2  T1
t 45   327  27 C  300C
By dividing equation (i) by (ii) we get, 
2 25
 t  9 min. 27) Ans: D) 0.23
K l2
Sol: We have, 1  12
K 2 l2

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K1l22 0.92  (4.2)2 Sol: As P-V diagram of the gas is a straight line
 K2    0.23 passing through origin, therefore P  V or
l12 2
(8.4)
PV 1  constant.
28) Ans: D) work done by the gas is negative. Molar heat capacity in the process PV x = constant
Sol: For isothermal process, we know that, dU  0 R R
is C   ; Here for diatomic gas,   1.4
and work done  dW  P(V2  V1 )  1 1 x
V1 V PV R R
Given, V2   ,  dW    C   C  3R
2 2 2 1.4  1 1  1

29) Ans: A) Kirchoff's law.

Sol: By the Kirchoff's law, a good emitter is also a
good absorber.

30) Ans: A) 2 : 1
Sol: Since, E  AT4
Esphere 4r2  T 4 2
    
EDisc 2r2  T  1

31) Ans: D) (A)-(Q), (B)-(P), (C)-(S), (D)-(R)

3RT
Sol: The rms velocity is, vrms 
M
where, R is a gas constant,
M  molecular mass ,
T  absolute temperature. So, A  Q
1 2
Pressure exerted by ideal gas is mnv , where m
3
is mass of each molecule,
n  number of molecules,
2
v  rms speed. So, B  P .
3
Average kinetic energy of a molecule kB T
2
where, k B  Boltzmann's constant,
T  absolute temperature. So, C  S .
Total internal energy of 1 mole of a diatomic gas,
5
U  RT
2
So, D  R .

32) Ans: C) P.
Sol: As saturated water vapors don't obey gas laws.

33) Ans: C) Law of conservation of energy.

Sol: As heat supplied to a gas raise its internal
energy and does some work against expansion,
therefore it is a special case of law of conservation
of energy.

34) Ans: A) 1800

Q
Sol: Radiated power by black body, P   AT 4
t
2 4
4 P r  T 
2 4
 P  AT  r T  1   1   1 
P2  r2   T2 
2 4
440  12   500 
      P2  1760 W  1800 W
P2  6   1000 

35) Ans: C) 3 R
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