0% found this document useful (0 votes)
58 views

Analysis 1

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
58 views

Analysis 1

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

10 ĐIỂM

Convergent of Sequences
Theorem 3.1 ( Monotone Convergence Theorem ):
(a) Xm
increasing &
Xn is convergent increasing : Xn +1 7 XnYnEN
XR is bounded above liveXn = supXn
n+ 0

(b) decreasing decreasing XXnn


is convergent
Xn >
:

Xn is bounded below
n- 0

Theorem (Sandwich Theorem)

and F2Y n 70
-
(x) is set
convergentan

limzn
n 12
-
=
linxn = limy
n +

Example : Consider the sequence (Xn) With Xu : = (1 +


1) &, REN .
Show that

lim x

Note that
12Xn(l E) +
,
n N
let In := 1 neN and let 1 Clearly
,
, yn : = +
↑ ineN .

liveran
n D
+
=
limy .

By the sandwich theorem , limn +0xn = 1

Assume that the sequence (xn) satisfies the following conditions


O(X11 neN ; Cl-Xu)
a
Show that
,

(Xn)
Xn +

convergent and nlimxn


<fineN
is
-
1x =
By the assumption (Xn) . We show that (x)
bounded
,
is is
increasing
Note that
XR + Xi
-

We have
The IN
7 Axa)
xn +

So
1-xn(1-x
Xn +-Xn
<y
=
-xn
4(1 -

Xn)
=
GX -

4xn + 1

4) (1 -

Xn)
=
(2xn 1)2 -

70 neIN
4(1 -

Xn)
Thus Xn + 1 <, Xo #neN
Xn is
so
increasing
Hence , Xn is convergent
Set a = limi >
-
0m. It follows from (1) that
Xnn(1-Xn) 7 NEIN

lim
n
-

1
[xn +1
(1-xn)] is 14
lim Xn + 1 him (1-xn)
n 70
-
n -
>0 T1*
a . (1 -

a)w1

a -
a
-
On ad -

a + 11410
(a -

1)20
= a =
G
b) = 1 , an + 1
=, n= 2 ..

a
We first show that ↓ =
D , 4)
an HreIN(Can)n is founded above by )296
95(11218.
=

Clearly ,
we have a :
1 & bas gi
:
54
cham toidel 5

&for
,

Assume that ak I some <11

Then akte = @
4
+
3
By the mathematical induction,
an ?
& , reIN

Next that
,
we prove ant > , an , REIN (increasing)
Clearly,
any-an = Cat-an = 3 am 710 ,
REIN
4 4

Therefore ,
(an) n is
increasing and bounded above
So Canin is convergent .

Settiman-
Since ant
Lantz ,
ne I , We get
& liman + 3
liman +=
N+ 2 lin ( = n+
D

This gives l 21 3
.
e
Thus 1
+
= =

I
al = Ch5
3) an = 2
, ant
= (an + ) in = +2 ...
&L 2114,
az =
E(1142)
It is seem that, if the then its limit would be
sequence converges ,

al = 2 +
92 70 By induction an 70 #neIN
By the
Cauchy inquality

Can
Thus
an
= (an :He
Then akt =<2 : 2

By induction ,
an < 2 you all neIN

(2) We have
ant-an
= -an 7,0 ,
He IN
Thus , anty , an
So (anin is increasing and bounded above .
Thus, (an)m
is convergent Set liman.
L :
a 18 -

Itfollows from and =th , new that

Ta (2 Are IN

= an + 24 neIN

liman
n
+ 2 4

2 + 214
2(2
-

=> 2 =
2
92 = 2 = (975)
8) an : 1 and any1 =

ant for n1 as = (C)


z
95 =(2 87.) ,

47
(i) (an) n
isbounded above by 3 :
26 :
TG
(2193)
an3 AreIN az = 95 (2196)
When n 1 1 < 3 52 191
=
an ,
=
583 af =

ag =
T4
Assume that ak < 3 for some k1 KEIN

G
Then ak 3 (2198)
+=
=

By induction , an 13 AneIN

(2) We have
a
M+ 1- an =
@t3-an ==O
So ant 21 am

Therefore (an)n bounded above


,
is
increasing and
Thus , (an) n is convergent
Set liman = L
n D
-

Itfollows from that


an
=, neN
limant
n+ D
=
lim
Thus =
L =
+
9) Let X1712 & Xn += 1 + Fin-1 forIN ne .
Show that (XN)
is bounded below
by 2 and monotone finds its limit
&

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy