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You are on page 1/ 5

DIRECT/ INDIRECT SPEECH

Reported speech is when we tell someone what another person said. To do this, we can use
direct speech or indirect speech.

Let’s start with the direct speech.

When we want to report exactly what another person has said, we use the direct speech.
With this speech what the person has said is placed in quotation marks ("...").

direct speech: 'I work in a bank,' said Daniel.

these are the exact words of what Daniel has said.

INDIRECT SPEECH

It reports something that has been said or written rather than the exact words that someone
has said or written.

Indirect speech, unlike direct style, doesn’t use quotation marks and doesn’t need to be
word for word. In general, when indirect speech is used, the verb tense changes.

'I work in a bank,' said Daniel.

Daniel said that he worked in a bank.

as you can see we went from the simple present to the simple past

https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/english-language/1324973

REPORTING SPEECH VERBS

How do you talk about what another person said to you? Well, it is not gossip. The formal
name of that is reporting speech.

To do it, we use reporting verbs. The most common are say and tell in their past forms:
said and told. Most of the other verbs used in reported speech follow the pattern of these
two. Let's see how they work:

Say pattern:

Usually, if we use say for direct speech, we don't mention the person we war talking about.

'she works in a restaurant,' said Daniel.

Daniel said that she worked in a supermarket.

In other words, we don’t know who she is.


Some verbs that follow the say pattern include advised, agreed, announced, claimed,
complained, confirmed, declared, explained, insisted, mentioned, promised, proposed,
suggested, and warned.

Tell pattern:

On the other hand, when we use tell we always have to use an object pronoun. To specify
who said something.

You can employ the tell pattern with the following reporting verbs: Advised, assured,
convinced, informed, notified, persuaded, promised, reassured, reminded, and warned.

Direct speech: "Everything is okay," Sara told me.

Indirect speech: Sara told me that everything was okay.

https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/english-language/636219

Direct object

This indicates the sentence's object: the person or thing involved in the action and a
response to what or who questions.

For example:

Lucas kicks the ball.

Let's answer the following questions to better understand the example above:

Who is the sentence's subject?: Lucas

What is he doing?: He is kicking something.

What does he kick?: He kicks a ball.

In this order of ideas, ball is the direct object because it is receiving the action.

The other type of object is the recipient of the direct object. It answers the questions to
whom, for whom, or for what. For example:

Mary gave to her mom a painting


Who's the subject?: Mary

What action did Marcy do?: She "gave" something.

What did she give?: A painting

At this point, we know that the object is the painting. BECAUSE RESPOND THE WH
QUESTION WHAT OR WHO.

To whom does she give the painting?: To her mother.

By answering to whom, we understand that her mother is the indirect object. It is the
recipient of the direct object.

https://www.liveworksheets.com/es/w/en/english-second-language-esl/543796

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

English indefinite pronouns are used to refer to people or things in a non-specific way.

SOME: Podemos utilizar 'some' en frases interrogativas si hacemos ofrecimientos.

¿Te gustaría algo de comer?

Would you like something to eat?\

ANY: Recuerda que podemos usar la forma negativa en frases afirmativas, pero que el
significado cambia totalmente. Y NEGATIVE FEELINGS
Podemos ir a cualquier sitio.

We can go anywhere.

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/14189434/indefinite-pronouns

https://wordwall.net/resource/67151228/indefinite-pronouns-2

IN ORDER TO

SO THAT

In order to and so that are conjunctions that we use to talk about the purpose of something.

IN ORDER TO

This is used in very formal expressions or contexts. Keep in mind that in the sentence, it is
followed by an infinitive verb.

The government developed new insights in order to know more about the citizens.

In order to be more productive, they employed more people.

SO THAT

This is commonly used in informal contexts:

DIFERENCE

IN ORDER TO + VERB

SO THAT + SUBJECT

https://wordwall.net/resource/2699736/so-that-or-in-order-to

LIKE – ALIKE

ALIKE : This word functions as adjective, it means similar or the same. For example:

The prices for natives and tourists are alike.

REMEMBER: you have to use alike as an adjective only after verbs.

LIKE: We could use like as a preposition to mean that something has similarity to
something else.

DIFFERENCE:

ALIKE: AFTER VERBS


LIKE: BEFORE NOUNS

https://wordwall.net/resource/53153314/like-vs-alike

PHRASAL VERBS

Phrasal verbs are verbal structures composed of two particles: verb + adjective , adverb or
preposition that serve to define specific actions or states.

https://whatsup.es/blog/los-10-phrasal-verbs-con-take-mas-utiles-y-como-usarlos

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/22512506/phrasal-verbs-with-take

BEFORE/ AFERT

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/61075891/inglés/after-before

https://www.talkenglish.com/speaking/lessondetails.aspx?ALID=4228

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