NETWORK DESIGN PROPOSAL FOR SMART OFFICE

Submitted by

D.GURU VIRANJAN REDDY[RA2111003011507]

B. UDAY KIRAN REDDY[RA2111003011508]

MANNE SAI CHAITANYA[RA2111003011509]

RAJESH NEMANI[RA2111003011512]

M.KARTHIK REDDY[RA2111003011513]

Under the Guidance of

Dr Madhavan P

Assistant Professor, Department of Computational Intelligence

In partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

with specialisation in Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
KATTANKULATHUR - 603203
NOVEMBER 2023
 SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGY
KATTANKULATHUR-603203

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Course Project Report titled “Network Design Proposal for Small
Office” is the bonafide work done by Guru Viranjan [RA2111003011507], Uday Kiran
Reddy [RA2111003011508], Manne Sai Chaitanya [RA2111003011509], Rajesh Nemani
[RA2111003011512], M. Karthik Reddy[RA2111003011513] who carried out under my
supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein
does not form part of any other work.

Dr.Madhavan P Dr.Pushpalatha
Assistant Professor Head of the Department
Department of Computer science Department of Computer science
SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Institute of Science and
Technology
Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai

SIGNATURE OF INTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Table of Contents

Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Requirement Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 6
Hardware Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 7
Software Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 7
Architecture & Design ......................................................................................................................... 8
Network Design ................................................................................................................................... 9
Hardware & Software Requirements in Design..............................................................11 ................. 9
Network Architecture ......................................................................................................................... 10
Network Configuration Table ............................................................................................................ 10
Network Implementation: ...................................................................................................................11
Network Configurations and Testing ................................................................................................. 13
DHCP With Sub Interfaces Configuration ......................................................................................... 13
Dynamic NAT Configuration ............................................................................................................. 18
Assigning Telephony Number............................................................................................................ 18
Testing Connectivity with Traceroute ................................................................................................ 22
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 24

References ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not

Abstract
This proposal outlines a small office network design consisting of 4 departments: HR,
ADMIN, I.T, and MARKETING. The network is connected to the internet via a DSL
connection provided by the service provider cloud. The company router is assigned
an IP address via DHCP by the service provider cloud.
The network is composed of several devices, including a router, a switch, a wireless
access point, PCs, VoIP phones, printers, and a file server. These devices are all
assigned IP addresses by the router via DHCP. The network is preconfigured to allow
these devices to ping the Google DNS server at 8.8.8.8.
The router serves as the gateway for the network, allowing all devices to connect to
the internet via the DSL connection provided by the service provider cloud. The
switch is used to connect all devices on the network together, allowing them to
communicate with one another. The wireless access point provides wireless
connectivity to the network for devices such as smartphones and tablets.
The PCs are used by employees in the HR, ADMIN, I.T, and MARKETING
departments to access the internet and company resources such as the file server and
printers. The VoIP phones are used by employees in the HR and ADMIN departments
to communicate with one another.
The printers are shared resources that can be accessed by every employee in the
company, allowing them to print documents as needed. The file server is used to store
and share files among employees in the company. All employees can access the file
server from anywhere in the network, provided they have the necessary username and
password credentials.
In summary, this small office network design consists of a router, a switch, a wireless
access point, PCs, VoIP phones, printers, and a file server. The devices are assigned
IP addresses by the router via DHCP and are preconfigured to ping the Google DNS
server. The network is connected to the internet via a DSL connection provided by the
service provider cloud, and the router serves as the gateway for the network.
The project outlines the steps involved in structure network design and deployment
for a small office home office need. It presents the steps (or phases) of a structured
network design and demonstrates a practical implementation of the steps using a real-
life case study. The design will first be simulated using Cisco Packet Tracer™.
Specifically, the project will demonstrate first hand, how a small network may be set
up using the five phases beginning with the needs analysis and ending with
deployment/testing.

Introduction
In the modern business world, a reliable network is crucial for the smooth operation
of any organization. A poorly designed network can result in significant losses and
inconvenience, particularly for a small office. The design of a small office network
must consider factors such as security, scalability, and ease of maintenance to ensure
that it can support the daily operations of the office.The proposed network design
aims to provide a comprehensive and effective solution for the network requirements
of a small office. The design will include the installation of a router, switch, desktop
computers, and printers. The network will provide internet access, file sharing,
printing, and email communication. The proposed network design will create a robust,
scalable, and secure network that supports the daily operations of the small office.

Extensive planning should go into a network installation/implementation. Just like

any project, a need is identified and then a plan outlines the process from beginning
to end. A good project plan will help identify any strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, or threats (SWOT). The plan should clearly define the tasks, and the
order in which tasks are completed. The main goal of structured systems analysis is
to represent users’ needs more accurately, which unfortunately often are ignored or
misrepresented. Another goal is to make the project manageable by dividing it into
modules that can be more easily maintained and changed.

Structured systems analysis has the following characteristics.

■ The system is designed in a top-down sequence.
■ During the design project, several techniques and models can be used to characterize
the existing system, determine new user requirements, and propose a structure for the
future system.
■ A focus is placed on data flow, data types, and processes that access or change the
data.
■ A focus is placed on understanding the location and needs of user communities that
access or change data and processes.
■ A logical model is developed before the physical model. The logical model
represents the basic building blocks, divided by function, and the structure of the
system. The physical model represents devices and specific technologies and
implementations.A network that is a patchwork of devices strung together, using a
mixture of technologies and protocols, is usually an indicator of poor initial planning.
These types of networks are susceptible to downtime and are difficult to maintain and
troubleshoot. Therefore, at the planning stage, the network engineer needs to take
account of the existing equipment and technologies the network would have to operate
with and their compatibility with the proposed equipment.
Requirement Analysis

Requirement analysis is an essential step in the network design proposal for a small
office project. Here are some key requirements that should be considered when
designing a network for a small office:

Number of Users: The first requirement is to determine the number of users that will be
using the network. This will help determine the number of devices that will be
required, the network bandwidth, and the type of network topology.

Network Security: Network security is a critical requirement for any network design
proposal. The small office network should be secured against unauthorized access,
malicious attacks, and data breaches. This can be achieved by implementing firewalls,
antivirus software, and other security measures.

Network Performance: The network should be designed to provide high-performance

connectivity to all users. This can be achieved by selecting the appropriate network
topology, network devices, and network bandwidth.

Network Reliability: The network should be designed to provide high reliability and
uptime. This can be achieved by selecting reliable network devices, implementing
redundancy, and implementing backup and recovery procedures.

Network Management: The network should be easy to manage and maintain. This can
be achieved by implementing network management tools, such as SNMP, and
documenting network management procedures.
Budget: The network design proposal should be within the budget of the small office.
The cost of network devices, cabling, and implementation should be considered when
designing the network.Using Cisco Packet Tracer to implement the network design
proposal can help ensure that the requirements are met, and the network functions
correctly. The requirement analysis should consider all these factors to ensure that the
network design proposal meets the needs of the small office.

Before designing a network for a small office, it is essential to identify the

requirements of the organization. The requirements analysis will help in selecting the
appropriate hardware and software components to meet the needs of the
office.Hardware and software requirements are important considerations when
designing a network for a small office project using Cisco Packet Tracer. Here are
some of the key hardware and software requirements for the network design proposal.

Hardware Requirements

Routers: A router is required to connect different network segments. The router should
have sufficient processing power, memory, and storage capacity to handle the traffic
on the network.
Switches: Switches are used to connect multiple devices on the same network
segment. The switches should have sufficient ports to connect all the devices on the
network.
Access Points: Wireless access points are required to provide wireless connectivity to
the devices on the network. The access points should have sufficient range and signal
strength to cover the entire office.
End Devices: End devices, such as laptops, desktops, and printers, are required to
connect to the network. The devices should have sufficient processing power and
memory to handle the applications and services required by the users.

Cabling: The network design proposal requires cabling to connect the devices. The
cabling should be of high quality, and the length of the cables should be appropriate
for the network topology.

Software Requirements

Cisco Packet Tracer: Cisco Packet Tracer is required to implement and test the
network design proposal. The software should be the latest version available to ensure
that it has all the necessary features and bug fixes.
Operating System: The operating system of the devices should be compatible with
Cisco Packet Tracer. Windows and macOS are the recommended operating systems
for running Cisco Packet Tracer.
Antivirus Software: Antivirus software should be installed on the devices to protect against
malware and viruses.
Network Management Software: Network management software, such as SNMP, can be used to
monitor and manage the network.
Backup and Recovery Software: Backup and recovery software can be used to ensure
that critical data is backed up regularly and can be recovered in case of a disaster.

Architecture & Design

After identifying the requirements of the small office network, the next step is to
design the network architecture. The network architecture should be designed to
provide a reliable, scalable, and secure network infrastructure that meets the needs of
the organization.

The following is an overview of the proposed network architecture and design for the
small office:

Network Topology: The network topology will be a star topology. A central

device, such as a switch, will be used to connect all the devices on the network.
This topology is simple to implement, easy to manage, and provides excellent
performance.

Network Devices: The network devices will include a router, a switch, and access
points. The router will be used to connect the small office network to the
internet, while the switch will be used to connect all the devices on the network.
Access points will be used to provide wireless connectivity to devices such as
laptops and mobile phones.

Network Security: Network security is a critical aspect of any network design.

The proposed network design will include several security measures, such as a
firewall, antivirus software, and intrusion detection and prevention systems
(IDPS). The firewall will be used to block unauthorized access to the network,
while the antivirus software will protect the network from malware and viruses.
The IDPS will be used to detect and prevent any unauthorized access to the
network.
 Network Management: Network management is an essential aspect of any
network design. The proposed network design will include network
management software that will allow the IT team to manage and monitor the
network. The software will include features such as network monitoring,
device management, and network troubleshooting.

Wireless Network: The proposed network design will include a wireless network
to provide connectivity to devices such as laptops and mobile phones. The
wireless network will be secured using Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) or
WPA2, which are industry-standard security protocols.

Backup and Recovery: Backup and recovery is critical to ensure that the
organization's data is protected and can be recovered in case of a disaster. The
proposed network design will include a backup and recovery solution that will
allow the organization to back up critical data regularly and recover it in case
of a disaster.
By considering these aspects, a robust and secure network architecture can be
designed that will meet the requirements of the small office. The proposed network
design will provide a reliable, scalable, and secure network infrastructure that will
allow the organization to operate efficiently and securely.

Network Design

● This network design is for a small office with four departments: HR, ADMIN,
I.T, and
● MARKETING.
● The network has a router, a switch, a wireless access point, PCs, VoIP phones,
printers,
● and a file server.
● All devices are assigned an IP address by the router via DHCP, and they are
preconfigured to ping Google DNS server 8.8.8.8.
● The service provider cloud provides a DSL connection to the company router
and assigns an IP address to the router via DHCP.

Hardware & Software Requirements in Design:

Router: Cisco 2811 router

Switch: Cisco 2960 switch
 Wireless Access Point: Cisco Aironet 2700 Series
PCs: Dell Optiplex 9010 (PC0, PC1, PC2, PC3)
VoIP Phones: Cisco IP Phones 7960
Printers: HP Laserjet Pro M404n (E.g.)
File Server: Windows Server 2016
Software: Cisco Packet Tracer, Windows Server 2016

Network Architecture:

The network uses a VLAN-based architecture with four VLANs, one for each
department.
The router connects to the switch, and the switch connects to the wireless
access point, PCs, VoIP phones, printers, and file server.
The router provides DHCP services to all devices on the network.
The wireless access point provides wireless connectivity to the network.

Fig 1: Screen capture of simulation of the design using Packet Tracer

Network Configuration Table

Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway

Router Fa 0/1 DHCP assigned DHCP assigned DHCP assigned

WAP Fa 0/4 N/A N/A N/A

Company’s phone users Fa 0/4 10.1.10.5 255.255.255.0 10.1.10.254

Company’s printer Fa 0/7 10.1.10.4 255.255.255.0 10.1.10.254

Company file server Fa 0/8 10.1.10.2 255.255.255.0 10.1.10.254

HR VOIP phone Fa 0/6 10.1.40.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.40.254

HR PC Vlan 40 10.1.10.3 255.255.255.0 10.1.10.254

Admin VOIP phone Fa 0/5 10.1.40.2 255.255.255.0 10.1.40.254

Admin PC Vlan 30 10.1.30.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.30.254

IT PC Vlan 20 10.1.20.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.20.254

Marketing PC Vlan 10 10.1.10.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.10.254

Network Implementation:

● Launch Cisco Packet Tracer and create a new project.

● Drag and drop a router into the workspace.

● Connect the FastEthernet 0/1 port of the router to the Internet cloud by
dragging and dropping a connection from the router's port to the cloud.

● Drag and drop a switch into the workspace.

● Connect the FastEthernet 0/0 port of the router to the switch by dragging and
dropping a connection from the router's port to the switch.
● Drag and drop PCs into the workspace. Let PCs be HR PC, Admin PC, IT PC,
Marketing PC. Connect Marketing and IT PCs directly to the switch by
dragging and dropping a connection from each PC to an available port on the
switch.

● Configure Marketing PC with an IP address as 10.1.10.1/24, and default

gateway as
10.1.10.254 using the appropriate commands.

● Configure IT PC with an IP address as 10.1.20.1/24, and default gateway as

10.1.20.254 using the appropriate commands.

● Drag and drop 2 Home VOIP phone into the workspace. Connect HR PC and
Admin PC to the switch via a HR VOIP phone and Admin VOIP phone.
● Configure Admin VOIP phone with an IP address as 10.1.40.2/24, and default
gateway as 10.1.40.254, Admin PC with an IP address as 10.1.30.1/24 and
default gateway as
10.1.30.254 using appropriate commands.

● Configure HR VOIP phone with an IP address as 10.1.40.1/24, and default

gateway as
10.1.40.254, HR PC with an IP address as 10.1.10.3/24 and default gateway as
10.1.10.254 using appropriate commands.

● Drag and Drop Server into the workspace. Name it as Company’s file server.

● Configure Company’s file server with an IP address as 10.1.10.2/24, and

default gateway as 10.1.10.254 using the appropriate commands.
● Drag and Drop Printer into the workspace. Name it as Company’s Network
Printer.

● Configure Company’s Network Printer with an IP address as 10.1.10.4/24, and

default gateway as 10.1.10.254 using the appropriate commands.

● Drag and Drop Access Point into the workspace. Name it as Company's
wireless access point(WAP). Connect Smart phone to WAP and assign IP
address as 10.1.10.5/24 with default gateway as 10.1.10.254.
 ● Test connectivity between the PCs by pinging each other's IP addresses.

● Test connectivity between the PCs on different VLANs by pinging each other's
IP addresses.

● Test connectivity between the HR and Admin VOIP phones on different

VLANs by pinging each other's IP addresses or by sending packets.

● Test connectivity between the Printer and every other node on different VLANs
by pinging each other's IP addresses.
● Test connectivity between the Company’s file server and Company’s network
printer by pinging each other's IP addresses.
Network Configurations and Testing

DHCP With Sub Interfaces Configuration

Fig 2.1: DHCP with Sub Interfaces Pool Configuration

Fig 2.2: IP Configuration DHCP for PC0

Fig 2.3: IP Configuration DHCP for PC1

Fig 2.4: IP Configuration DHCP for PC2

Fig 2.5: IP Configuration DHCP for PC3

Fig 2.6: IP Configuration DHCP for File Server

Fig 2.7: IP Configuration DHCP for Printer

 Fig 2.8: IP Configuration DHCP for Phone Users
DHCP Pool Output:
Fig 2.9: DHCP Pool
Dynamic NAT Configuration

Fig 3.1: Dynamic NAT Configuration for the above network

Fig 3.2: NAT Statistics

Assigning Telephony Number

telephony-service max-ephones
5 max-dn 5 ip source-address
10.1.40.254 port 2000 auto
assign 4 to 6 auto assign 1 to 6
ephone-dn 1 number 0011
ephone-dn 2 number 0022
Fig 4.1: Telephony Network Configuration

Fig 4.2: HR VOIP Phone (Unknown Number)

Fig 4.3: HR VOIP Phone (RING OUT) Successful Outgoing Call

Fig 4.4: HR VOIP Phone (Incoming Call)

Fig 4.5: HR VOIP Phone (Connected)

Fig 4.6: HR VOIP Phone Line Number

Fig 4.7: Admin VOIP Phone

 Fig 4.8: Admin VOIP Phone Line Number
Testing Connectivity with Traceroute

Fig 5.1: Traceroute between various networks devices.

Network connectivity testing is a crucial step in verifying that a network is properly

configured and that all devices can communicate with each other. This report outlines
the results of the network connectivity testing that was conducted in a small office
environment.

The network connectivity testing was carried out by sending packets across various
network devices to verify that they were received successfully. The tests were
conducted across all devices in the network, including routers, switches, and
computers. The following devices were included in the network:

Router: Cisco 2811

Switch: Cisco Catalyst 2960
Computers: PC0, PC1, PC2, PC3
The testing was conducted over a period of one hour, during which packets were sent
across various devices in the network. The packets were sent using the ping command
from the command prompt of each device. The following tests were conducted:

Ping from the PC0 to the PC1

Ping from the PC0 to the PC2
Ping from the PC0 to the PC3
Ping from the PC1 to the PC2
Ping from the PC1 to the PC3
Ping from the PC2 to the PC3
Ping from the PC0 to the router
Ping from the PC1 to the router
Ping from the PC2 to the router
Ping from the PC3 to the router
Ping from the PC0 to the switch
Ping from the PC1 to the switch
Ping from the PC2 to the switch
Ping from the PC3 to the switch

Fig 5.2: Ping Command for 10.1.10.1

Fig 5.3: Ping Command for 10.1.10.3

Fig 5.4: Ping Command for 10.1.10.4

All the tests were successful, with each device receiving packets from the other devices. This

indicates that the network is properly configured and that all devices can communicate with each

other.
Conclusion

In conclusion, this small office network design is an efficient and effective solution
that allows employees in the HR, ADMIN, I.T, and MARKETING departments to
communicate with one another and access important company resources. The use of
a router, switch, and wireless access point ensures that all devices are connected to
the network and can communicate with one another seamlessly.

The use of DHCP to assign IP addresses to devices on the network simplifies the
process of setting up and managing the network. Preconfiguring the network to ping
the Google DNS server ensures that all devices have access to the internet and can
browse the web.

The inclusion of printers and a file server on the network allows employees to share
and access resources easily, improving productivity and collaboration within the
company. The use of VoIP phones ensures that employees in the HR and ADMIN
departments can communicate with one another effectively, improving
communication within the company.

Overall, this small office network design is a comprehensive and efficient solution
that enables employees to work more efficiently and effectively, improving
productivity and collaboration within the company.
References

● "Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach" by James F. Kurose and Keith W.

Ross
"TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols" by W. Richard Stevens
● "CCNA Routing and Switching Complete Study Guide: Exam 100-105, Exam 200-
105,
Exam
200-125" by Todd Lammle
● "Network Warrior: Everything You Need to Know That Wasn't on the CCNA Exam"
by Gary
● A. Donahue