1.

EDUCATION
Investments in artificial intelligence (AI) are substantial, with $94 billion allocated in 2021
alone, a figure expected to grow as the profit-making potential becomes more apparent. The
widespread belief is that AI will revolutionize various sectors and significantly impact
employment opportunities.
In sectors where AI enhances marginal productivity, it might automate tasks and replace human
workers. This trend is already evident in certain domains. Education is one sector expected to
undergo significant transformation. By 2022, there were over 30 multimillion-dollar-funded
AI-in-education companies, with projections estimating the AI education market to exceed
$20 billion in less than five years.
However, concerns arise within the education sector as well. While AI can facilitate
personalized and lifelong learning, it also poses a threat of automating numerous processes,
potentially replacing teachers. Nonetheless, these apprehensions may be premature as AI is still
evolving, and its full potential remains uncertain. Although some teacher tasks can be
automated, functions related to socialization and fostering deeper learning may prove
challenging to replicate.

 In Pakistan, AI's primary application in education currently involves students using GPT
for assignments and professors employing AI-based systems to detect AI-generated
work, primarily to address cheating concerns. However, if AI fulfills its promise, it could
revolutionize education by significantly altering the sector's landscape.
To mitigate cheating concerns, emphasis should be placed on encouraging students to
use AI for understanding concepts and deepening learning rather than resorting to dishonest
practices. While programs exist to detect cheating, the ongoing battle between such programs
and those aiding students' evasion continues.

 Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) hold promise for personalized learning but are yet to
make significant inroads in Pakistan. These systems require robust internet connectivity,
widespread access to computers and tablets, and tech-savvy teachers. Moreover,
commercial applications must improve before their viability and efficacy can be assessed
comprehensively.
 AI-assisted applications in language translation and mathematics learning exist but
their impact on student learning remains unclear. Various AI-based educational
programs are in development, including formative assessments, dialogue-based tutoring
systems, chatbots, and AI-assisted virtual reality. However, commercial applications in
these areas are still limited.
 Legitimate concerns surround AI in education, including its impact on teaching jobs,
increased student surveillance, and ethical and legal issues related to data
 confidentiality and safety. As commercial applications become more prevalent,
addressing these concerns will be imperative.
Despite its potential, the transformative impact of AI in education remains uncertain. A mindset
of curiosity rather than fear seems appropriate given the ongoing developments in the field.

 Many countries have developed dedicated AI frameworks and policies to facilitate

education programmes and research and development (R&D) centres to forward
technological advancements and economic growth.
Examples include China’s “Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan,” the US
executive order on “AI leadership,” and “AI Made in Germany”, to name only a few. Pakistan
must follow suit and invest in programmes to promote youths’ enthusiasm about AI and
modern technologies. This means investing in education programmes, research centres, and
industry readiness training programmes.
 After all, Pakistan has great potential in AI, with its scope ranging from solving local
problems in agriculture, governance, climate change, and manufacturing, to creating
tech unicorns and services companies specialising in hi-tech/ AI software exports.
In fact, a few research labs, companies, and startups are already making strides in the AI
space and contributing to the global tech ecosystem. For example, a group of professors at
Information Technology University (ITU) Lahore are solving impactful problems and publishing
their research at top-tier AI conferences.
One of the most exciting works from their Intelligent Machines Lab is an economic
indicators predictor that uses satellite and aerial imagery. They are developing computer vision/
AI tech that examines a satellite image and responds with a poverty estimate for an area,
providing government and policymakers the data to make informed decisions.
Case Study:
 Singapore’s “Smart Nation” strategy, for example, aims to position the country as a
world leader in AI by 2030 by bringing together researchers, government and industry.
One goal is to help teachers better customize and improve education for every student,
particularly those with special needs. An AI-enabled companion will provide customized
feedback and motivation to students, automated grading and machine learning systems
to identify how each student responds to classroom materials and activities.
 South Korea has implemented AI-based systems to adapt homework and assignments
based on students’ educational levels and “tendencies and learning behaviors.” Each
child will have a personalized AI tutor and access to an online learning platform,
 allowing teachers to focus on social-emotional and hands-on lessons. The minister of
education says these changes are necessary to allow public schools, which currently
emphasize memorization, to provide the same type of personalized and deeper learning
that private schools offer. He foresees a future where assessments happen throughout
the normal course of daily assignments rather than in an end-of-course exam.
 In China, the government has invested heavily — via tax breaks and other incentives —
in tools, such as the adaptive tutoring platform Squirrel AI, which rely on large-scale
data sets and camera surveillance. Most of these products focus heavily on improving
performance on standardized tests, so students whose families can afford it get ahead.
In countries like China, ethics, equitable access, privacy and other concerns are not high
priorities, however.
 In contrast, Finland’s AI in Learning, a collaboration among a multi-disciplinary group of
international researchers and companies, aims to promote equity and quality of
learning locally and globally. The project has produced a number of scholarly papers on
the ethical use of AI in education and on how these technologies can improve teaching
and learning. Its members are designing and testing an intelligent digital system that
assesses student wellness and feeds back insights to students and educators.
 In India, ed tech company Embibe uses AI to clarify complex math and science concepts.
Students can use a smartphone to scan a passage from a textbook, and the app uses 3-D
imagery to help with visualization. AI is also being used in India to predict student
performance, enabling early intervention.
 2. Climate
As one of the world’s toughest challenges, combating climate change is another area where AI has
transformational potential. Almost 4 billion people already live in areas highly vulnerable to climate
change, according to the World Health Organization. And this is expected to lead to around 250,000
extra deaths year between 2030 and 2050, from undernutrition, malaria, diarrhea and heat stress
alone.

Pakistan faces severe climate change challenges, including reduced agricultural productivity,
irregular water supplies, coastal erosion, and increased extreme weather events. Ranking
among the top 10 countries most affected by climate change, Pakistan experienced severe
floods in 2022, causing significant damage and loss of life. Despite these challenges, the
National Artificial Intelligence Policy (NAIP) lacks AI-based measures for climate disaster
mitigation. Countries like the US, which have invested in AI for disaster response, have
witnessed notable improvements in preparedness and response time. Pakistan should consider
incorporating climate-disaster-mitigation AI measures into the NAIP to effectively cope with the
impacts of climate change.

1. Reforesting hills in Brazil using drones

AI-powered computers are pairing up with drones in Brazil to reforest the hills around the coastal city of
Rio de Janeiro, Reuters reports. The computers define the targets and number of seeds to be dropped.

The initiative, which launched in January 2024, is a partnership between Rio's city hall and start-up
Morfo, and aims to grow seeds in hard-to-reach areas. A single drone can disperse 180 seed capsules
per minute, which is 100 times faster than using human hands for traditional reforestation, according to
the local government.

2. How AI can help industry decarbonize

AI is being used to help companies in the metal and mining, oil, and gas industries to decarbonize their
operations. Eugenie.ai, based in California, United States, has developed an emissions-tracking platform
that combines satellite imagery with data from machines and processes.

AI then analyzes this data to help companies track, trace and reduce their emissions by 20-30%.
Industrial sectors generate around 30% of greenhouse gas emissions globally.

3. AI is cleaning up the ocean

In the N etherlands, an environmental organization called The Ocean Cleanup is using AI and other
technologies to help clear plastic pollution from the ocean.

AI that detects objects is helping the organization create detailed maps of ocean litter in remote
locations. The ocean waste can then be gathered and removed, which is more efficient than previous
cleanup methods using trawlers and aero planes. Plastic pollution contributes to climate change by
emitting GHGs and harming nature.
 4. Using AI to recycle more waste

Another AI system is helping to tackle climate change by making waste management more efficient.

Waste is a big producer of methane and is responsible for 16% of global greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Greyparrot, a software startup based in London, United Kingdom, has developed an AI system that
analyzes waste processing and recycling facilities to help them recover and recycle more waste material.

The company tracked 32 billion waste items across 67 waste categories in 2022, and says it identifies 86
tonnes of material on average that could be recovered but is being sent to landfill.

5. AI is helping communities facing climate risks in Africa

In Africa, AI is being used in a United Nations project to help communities vulnerable to climate change
in Burundi, Chad and Sudan.

The IKI Project uses AI technology to help predict weather patterns, so communities and authorities can
better plan how to adapt to climate change and mitigate its impact.

This includes improving access to clean energy, implementing proper waste management systems and
encouraging reforestation.

6. Mapping deforestation with AI

AI, satellite images and ecology expertise are also being used to map the impact of deforestation on the
climate crisis.

Space Intelligence, a company based in Edinburgh, Scotland, says it is working in more than 30 countries
and has mapped more than 1 million hectares of land from space using satellite data.

The company’s technology remotely measures metrics, such as deforestation rates and how much
carbon is stored in a forest.

7. Icebergs are melting – AI knows where and how fast

AI has been trained to measure changes in icebergs 10,000 times faster than a human could do it.

This will help scientists understand how much meltwater icebergs release into the ocean – a
process accelerating as climate change warms the atmosphere.

Scientists at the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom say their AI can map large Antarctic icebergs
in satellite images in just one-hundredth of a second, reports the European Space Agency.

For humans, this task is lengthy and time-consuming, and it’s hard to identify icebergs amid the white of
clouds and sea ice.
BUISNESS
AI is rapidly transforming the world, reshaping it in unprecedented ways and becoming an
integral part of daily life. From chatbots to self-driving cars, AI is revolutionizing how people live
and work. Despite the excitement surrounding AI, many harbor fears that it will render their
jobs obsolete.
Qazafi Qayyum, CEO of TenX, an AI software and solutions company, reassures that AI should
not be feared. He argues that AI is a tool that enhances performance and efficiency, particularly
in analyzing vast amounts of data generated daily to make better decisions. While some worry
about job displacement, Qayyum contends that AI not only eliminates certain roles but also
creates new opportunities and assists in more creative and strategic work.
TenX, comprising 200 tech consultants and 25 support staff, operates globally and plans further
expansion. Qayyum highlights challenges faced by Pakistan's IT industry, including brain drain
and talent shortages. He calls for collaborative efforts between industry, academia, and
government to address these issues and unlock the country's potential in IT exports.
Regarding the IT sector's challenges in Pakistan, Qayyum emphasizes the importance of
improving ease of doing business, addressing negative perceptions, and overcoming
operational obstacles such as internet disruptions and electricity outages. He believes that the
government can leverage AI and data analytics to enhance project planning, infrastructure
investment, and policy-making, thereby combating fraud and improving transparency.

 Coca-Cola AI Case Study

One example of AI being used for sales and marketing is the case of Coca-Cola. The company
implemented an AI-powered marketing platform called Albert to help it optimise its digital
advertising campaigns.

Albert uses machine learning algorithms to analyse customer data and identify patterns and
insights that can be used to optimise digital advertising campaigns. The platform is able to make
real-time adjustments to advertising campaigns based on factors like customer behaviour,
preferences, and purchasing history.

Since implementing Albert, Coca-Cola has seen significant improvements in its digital
advertising campaigns. The platform has helped the company increase its return on investment
(ROI) by optimising ad spend and targeting the most profitable customer segments.
AGRICULTURE
Pakistan faces pressing needs to enhance food production, meet growing demand, and secure
foreign exchange through exports amid exponential population growth. Achieving these goals
hinges on increasing crop yields and improving agricultural efficiency, which conventional
methods have struggled to address.
The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) offers a promising solution, revolutionizing
agriculture worldwide. Through satellite imagery, weather sensors, and data-based algorithms,
AI empowers farmers to track crop progress and make informed decisions throughout the crop
cycle. Precision farming, facilitated by AI-enabled decision support systems and automation,
enhances efficiency, reduces risks, and conserves resources.
However, Pakistan's agriculture sector faces significant challenges in adopting AI effectively,
including low education levels among farmers, small farm sizes, and infrastructural limitations.
Despite these obstacles, progressive farmers have begun adopting new technologies,
underscoring the sector's potential for growth.
The government's formation of a national task force on AI reflects recognition of its importance.
Still, the draft AI policy's limited focus on agriculture underscores the need for a more
comprehensive approach. Provincial governments should devise strategies to promote AI
adoption, targeting key challenges such as climate change, inefficient irrigation, and pest
control.
Tailored grant-based programs should be rolled out to establish proof-of-concept initiatives,
fostering collaboration between farmers and private sector service providers. In conclusion,
strategic efforts and collaboration among stakeholders are essential to harness AI's
transformative potential in Pakistan's agriculture sector and secure its future prosperity.

 Motive (formerly KeepTruckin) is an inspiring example from the industry and a great
success story from Pakistan. It’s a US-based tech unicorn that has leveraged Pakistan’s
talent pool and built a vital engineering hub in Pakistan.
Motive brings AI to technologically underserved businesses that power the physical
economy, such as trucking, construction, energy, and adjacent supply chain industries.
These businesses still employ inefficient, expensive, laborious, and complex workflows to
move trillions of dollars’ worth of goods. Motive equips them with technologies needed to
improve their operations’ safety, productivity, and efficiency.
 AI – and innovation in general – is not something new to Pakistan. We have a strong
talent pool and a growing population of educated youth. We are also an incredible
 engineering hub with a growing information technology (IT) industry. We have over
600,000 IT professionals, with over 25,000 fresh graduates added to the workforce
annually. We have around 17,000 software companies providing services to over 120
countries across the globe, bringing in $3 billion in IT export revenue last year.
It is encouraging to look at the tech companies, startups, and research labs working in both
applied and scientific research in AI. They are producing world-class AI products, conducting
fundamental AI research, and solving impactful problems right here in Pakistan.
And yet, the number of companies and startups providing services and building products in
the AI space is relatively small. We must invest in programmes that help bridge the industry-
academia gap and motivate the youth to pursue research and education in AI. We must train
some of our existing 600k IT professionals in AI, and we must create more centres like NCAI.

 Blue River Technology AI Case Study

One example of AI being used for agriculture is the case of Blue River Technology. The company
has developed an AI-powered crop management system called See & Spray, which is designed
to help farmers optimise their crop yields and reduce the use of herbicides.

See & Spray uses computer vision and machine learning algorithms to identify and target
individual plants in a crop field. The system is able to differentiate between crops and weeds,
and can selectively apply herbicides to the weeds, reducing the amount of herbicide needed
and minimising the impact on the crops.

Since implementing See & Spray, farmers using the system have reported significant
improvements in crop yields and reductions in herbicide use. The system has helped farmers
optimise their crop management, reducing costs and improving overall sustainability.

E-Commerce
 Personalized Shopping

Artificial Intelligence technology is used to create recommendation engines through which

you can engage better with your customers. These recommendations are made in
accordance with their browsing history, preference, and interests. It helps in improving your
relationship with your customers and their loyalty towards your brand.

 AI-Powered Assistants
Virtual shopping assistants and chatbots help improve the user experience while shopping
online. Natural Language Processing is used to make the conversation sound as human and
personal as possible. Moreover, these assistants can have real-time engagement with your
customers. Did you know that on amazon.com, soon, customer service could be handled by
chatbots?

 Fraud Prevention

Credit card frauds and fake reviews are two of the most significant issues that E-Commerce
companies deal with. By considering the usage patterns, AI can help reduce the possibility of
credit card fraud taking place. Many customers prefer to buy a product or service based on
customer reviews. AI can help identify and handle fake reviews.

 Amazon AI Case Study

One example of AI being used for retail is the case of Amazon. The e-commerce giant has
implemented an AI-powered recommendation system, which is designed to provide
personalised product recommendations for customers.

The recommendation system uses machine learning algorithms to analyse customers’ browsing
and purchasing behaviour, and provide personalised product suggestions that are tailored to
their interests and preferences. The system is able to identify patterns in customers’ behaviour
and make recommendations based on their individual needs.

Since implementing the AI-powered recommendation system, Amazon has reported significant
improvements in customer engagement and sales. The system has helped to improve
customers’ shopping experiences by providing them with personalised product
recommendations that are relevant to their needs and interests.

Lifestyle

 Autonomous Vehicles

Automobile manufacturing companies like Toyota, Audi, Volvo, and Tesla use machine learning
to train computers to think and evolve like humans when it comes to driving in any
environment and object detection to avoid accidents.
  Spam Filters

The email that we use in our day-to-day lives has AI that filters out spam emails sending them
to spam or trash folders, letting us see the filtered content only. The popular email provider,
Gmail, has managed to reach a filtration capacity of approximately 99.9%.

 Facial Recognition

Our favorite devices like our phones, laptops, and PCs use facial recognition techniques by using
face filters to detect and identify in order to provide secure access. Apart from personal usage,
facial recognition is a widely used Artificial Intelligence application even in high security-related
areas in several industries.

 Recommendation System

Various platforms that we use in our daily lives like e-commerce, entertainment websites, social
media, video sharing platforms, like youtube, etc., all use the recommendation system to get
user data and provide customized recommendations to users to increase engagement. This is a
very widely used Artificial Intelligence application in almost all industries.

Robotics

Robotics is another field where Artificial Intelligence applications are commonly used. Robots
powered by AI use real-time updates to sense obstacles in its path and pre-plan its journey
instantly.

It can be used for:

 Carrying goods in hospitals, factories, and warehouses

 Cleaning offices and large equipment

 Inventory management

Human Resources
Artificial Intelligence helps with blind hiring. Using machine learning software, you can examine
applications based on specific parameters. AI drive systems can scan job candidates' profiles,
and resumes to provide recruiters an understanding of the talent pool they must choose from.

Healthcare

Artificial Intelligence finds diverse applications in the healthcare sector. AI applications are used
in healthcare to build sophisticated machines that can detect diseases and identify cancer cells.
Artificial Intelligence can help analyze chronic conditions with lab and other medical data to
ensure early diagnosis. AI uses the combination of historical data and medical intelligence for
the discovery of new drugs.

 IBM Watson Health AI Case Study

One example of AI being used for healthcare is the case of IBM Watson Health. The
company has developed an AI-powered platform called Watson for Oncology, which is
designed to help healthcare professionals diagnose and treat cancer.

Watson for Oncology uses natural language processing (NLP) and machine
learning algorithms to analyse large amounts of patient data, including medical
histories, lab reports, and other diagnostic tests. The platform is able to generate
personalised treatment recommendations for individual patients based on their specific
medical needs.

Since implementing Watson for Oncology, healthcare professionals have reported

significant improvements in the accuracy and speed of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
The platform has helped doctors identify previously overlooked treatment options and
avoid potential medical errors.

Automobiles

Artificial Intelligence is used to build self-driving vehicles. AI can be used along with the
vehicle’s camera, radar, cloud services, GPS, and control signals to operate the vehicle. AI can
improve the in-vehicle experience and provide additional systems like emergency braking,
blind-spot monitoring, and driver-assist steering.

Social Media

 Instagram

On Instagram, AI considers your likes and the accounts you follow to determine what posts you
are shown on your explore tab.

 Facebook

Artificial Intelligence is also used along with a tool called DeepText. With this tool, Facebook can
understand conversations better. It can be used to translate posts from different languages
automatically.

 Twitter

AI is used by Twitter for fraud detection, for removing propaganda, and hateful content. Twitter
also uses AI to recommend tweets that users might enjoy, based on what type of tweets they
engage with.

 Netflix AI Case Study

One example of AI being used for entertainment is the case of Netflix. The streaming service
has implemented an AI-powered recommendation engine, which is designed to provide
personalised content recommendations for users.

The recommendation engine uses machine learning algorithms to analyse users’ viewing
histories and preferences, and provide them with personalised content suggestions. The system
is able to identify patterns in users’ viewing behaviour and make recommendations based on
their interests and preferences.

Since implementing the recommendation engine, Netflix has reported significant improvements
in user engagement and retention. The system has helped to improve users’ satisfaction with
the service, providing them with personalised content recommendations that are tailored to
their individual interests.
Marketing

Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are popular in the marketing domain as well.

 Using AI, marketers can deliver highly targeted and personalized ads with the help of
behavioral analysis, and pattern recognition in ML, etc. It also helps with retargeting
audiences at the right time to ensure better results and reduced feelings of distrust
and annoyance.

 AI can help with content marketing in a way that matches the brand's style and voice.
It can be used to handle routine tasks like performance, campaign reports, and much
more.

 Chatbots powered by AI, Natural Language Processing, Natural Language Generation,

and Natural Language Understanding can analyze the user's language and respond in
the ways humans do.

 AI can provide users with real-time personalizations based on their behavior and can
be used to edit and optimize marketing campaigns to fit a local market's needs.

Chatbots
AI chatbots can comprehend natural language and respond to people online who use the "live
chat" feature that many organizations provide for customer service. AI chatbots are effective
with the use of machine learning and can be integrated in an array of websites and applications.
AI chatbots can eventually build a database of answers, in addition to pulling information from
an established selection of integrated answers. As AI continues to improve, these chatbots can
effectively resolve customer issues, respond to simple inquiries, improve customer service, and
provide 24/7 support. All in all, these AI chatbots can help to improve customer satisfaction.

Finance

It has been reported that 80% of banks recognize the benefits that AI can provide. Whether it’s
personal finance, corporate finance, or consumer finance, the highly evolved technology that is
offered through AI can help to significantly improve a wide range of financial services. For
example, customers looking for help regarding wealth management solutions can easily get the
information they need through SMS text messaging or online chat, all AI-powered. Artificial
Intelligence can also detect changes in transaction patterns and other potential red flags that
can signify fraud, which humans can easily miss, and thus saving businesses and individuals
from significant loss. Aside from fraud detection and task automation, AI can also better predict
and assess loan risks.