Science 8 18.1 Food Chain and Food Web

Lesson 18.
Food Chain and Food Web
SCIENCE 8 – FOURTH GRADING

Ms. Laila Abegail C. Relox, LPT
classify organisms
Objectives whether they are
1 producers or consumers;
At the end and
of the
lesson, you describe how each
should be organism in the
2
able to: community is related.
Learn about It!
Food Chain
● A food chain represents
how energy is being
transferred across a series
of organisms in the form of
food.
● Basically, organism A eats Sample food chain

organism B, while organism
B is eaten by organism C.
Learn about It!
Trophic Levels
● A stage in a food chain

is referred to as a
trophic level.
● A trophic level is
occupied by organisms
with similar feeding Trophic levels in food
mode. chains
Learn about It!
Trophic Levels
● Primary consumers
occupy the second
trophic level, and may be
followed by a secondary,
tertiary or quaternary
consumer.
Trophic levels in food
chains
Learn about It!
Producers
● Producers (or
autotrophs) can
produce their own
food from inorganic
raw materials such as
light, carbon dioxide,
and water through
photosynthesis.
Plants as producers in
almost all ecosystems
Learn about It!
Consumers
● Organisms at trophic
levels higher than the
producers, consumers
(or heterotrophs),
depend directly or
indirectly on producers
as their source of energy.
Fishes as consumers in
aquatic ecosystems
Learn about It!
Food Web
● When multiple food chains
are interlinked, a food web
is formed.
● Food webs exist because

most consumers feed on
different types of organisms
which may belong to
different trophic levels. Food Web
Learn about It!
Food Web
● Food webs include several
numbers of food chains
that are connected.
● The involved food chain

includes a series of arrows
that represent the
movement of energy.
Food Web
Learn about It!
Food Web Species

1. Basal species includes the
autotrophs such as plants.
These are usually the
producers in the ecosystem.
Food Web
Learn about It!
Food Web Species

2. Intermediate species
includes herbivores and
intermediate level
carnivores such as carp,
slug, and dragonfly.
Food Web
Learn about It!
Food Web Species

3. Top predators include
high-level carnivores such
as snakes and Philippine
eagles.
Food Web
Key Points
Food chain represents how energy is being

1 transferred across a series of organisms in the form of
food.
When multiple food chains are interlinked, a food web

2 is formed.
A stage in a food chain is referred to as a trophic

3 level.
Check Your Understanding
Answer the following questions based on the

given food web.
1. Name all the producers.
2. Name all the primary consumers.
3. Name all the secondary
consumers.
4. Which level gets the least amount
of energy in the food web?
5. Which level gets the highest
amount of energy in the food
web?
Check Your Understanding
Answer the following questions based on the given food web.
1. Name all the producers. The carrot, grass, and grain are
the producers.
2. Name all the primary consumers. The primary consumers
include the rabbit, mouse, grasshopper, and bird
3. Name all the secondary consumers. The secondary
consumers include the fox and owl.
4. Which level gets the least amount of energy in the food
web? Secondary consumers obtain the least amount of
energy.
5. Which level gets the highest amount of energy in the food
web? The primary consumers get the highest amount of
energy.
Challenge Yourself
Instructions: Write true if the given statement is correct, otherwise, write false.
1. A stage in a food chain is referred to as a trophic level. Organisms with the
same feeding mode occupy a similar trophic level.
2. All food chains begin with a producer, thus they occupy the first trophic level.
3. The energy from the atmosphere is utilized by the producers to create their
own food in the form of starch. Once the producers are consumed by the
primary consumer, the energy from the starch shall be utilized by the organism.
4. Producers are photosynthetic organisms that are capable of producing their
own food through the process of photosynthesis.
5. After the second trophic level, the succeeding levels are occupied by
consumers that are normally represented by animals.
6. Simple food chains rarely exist in nature. When multiple food chains are
interlinked, a food web is formed.
Challenge Yourself
Instructions: Write true if the given statement is correct, otherwise, write false.
7. Food webs exist because most consumers feed on different types of

organisms that may belong to different trophic levels.
8. Tertiary consumers occupy the second trophic level and may be
followed by a secondary, tertiary or quaternary consumer. However, food
chains rarely contain more than four trophic levels.
9. A food chain represents how energy is being transferred across a series
of organisms in the form of food.
10. Food web represents feeding relationships within a community, and
just like the food chain, it shows the transfer of energy from its source to
the consumers.
Challenge Yourself
What will happen to

the food chain if the
sun stops to provide
energy to Earth?
Bibliography
Carnegie Mellon University. “Oxygen Cycle.” Accessed August 31, 2017.

http://environ.andrew.cmu.edu/m3/s4/cycleOxygen.shtml
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. “National Greening Program.” Accessed September
1, 2017. https://www.denr.gov.ph/priority-programs/national-greening-program.html
Elmhurst College. “Phosphorus Cycle.” Accessed August 30, 2017.

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/308phosphorus.html
Joan Fong, et al. 2014. Science Matters. Second Edition. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Education.
Jane B. Reese, et al. 2011. Campbell Biology. Ninth Edition. San Francisco CA: Pearson Education, Inc. /
Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Bibliography
Lam, Peng Kwan and Erik Y K Lam. 2007. Biology Matters. First Edition. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish
Education.
Langston University Research & Extension. “Ecosystems, Energy and Production.” Accessed August 29,
2017. http://www2.luresext.edu/aquaculture/Limnology%20lectures/chap%205%20ecosystems.pdf

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Lesson 18.

Food Chain and Food Web

SCIENCE 8 – FOURTH GRADING

● Basically, organism A eats Sample food chain

● A stage in a food chain

● Food webs exist because

● The involved food chain

Food Web Species

Food Web Species

Food Web Species

Food chain represents how energy is being

When multiple food chains are interlinked, a food web

A stage in a food chain is referred to as a trophic

Answer the following questions based on the

7. Food webs exist because most consumers feed on different types of

What will happen to

Carnegie Mellon University. “Oxygen Cycle.” Accessed August 31, 2017.

Elmhurst College. “Phosphorus Cycle.” Accessed August 30, 2017.

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