2021 Evolution Review

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Evolution Review

What are the main differences between a Eukaryote and a Prokaryote?

What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

What is the order of classification from most broad to most specific?

What 4 kingdoms belong to the Domain Eukarya?

What does the phylum chordata mean?

Define the following terms:

Natural Selection:

Adaptation:

Mutation:

Convergent Evolution:

Divergent Evolution:

Vestigial Traits (Give an Example as well):

Homologous Traits (Give an Example as well):

Analogous Traits (Give an Example as well):

Analogous Traits are a result of ______________________ Evolution

Homologous Traits are a result of ______________________ Evolution

How does DNA get turned into traits in a species? Outline the basic process using the following terms:
DNA, traits, proteins, amino acids, mRNA, tRNA

If an organism’s DNA is 99% identical to another species, what does this mean?

What can cause a change in an organism’s traits? Give a few examples

_____________________ separation is the biggest factor in speciation

1
What evolves as a result of natural selection: The individual or the population as a whole? Why?

Charles Darwin studied finches on the Galapagos Islands. The finches on each island had slightly
different beaks. According to Darwin, how did the finches all get different beaks?

Light-colored lizards move to an area where there is dark- colored sand. After many years, most of the
lizards are dark- colored. Why do you think this happened?

Describe what happened in the peppered moth simulation and how it was an example of natural
selection

EVOLUTION UNIT ASSESSMENT


Student Review Packet
Change With Time

I. Vocabulary: Write the letter of the term being defined on the blank to the left of each of the
following definitions.

_____ 1. All of the genes of a given population a. fossil

_____ 2. Plant or animal in the early stage of b. half-life


development
c. natural selection
_____ 3. Time required for one half of a radioactive
isotope to disintegrate d. embryo

_____ 4. Any evidence of once-living organisms, e. gene pool


such as an imprint or bone

_____ 5. Process that ensures the survival of the


fittest in a particular environment

2
_____ 6. Change that occurs in a population during f. adaptations
a sequence of generations of organisms
over a long period of time g. homologous structures

_____ 7. Body parts that are similar in structure h. analogous structures


and not necessarily similar in function
i. vestigial structures
_____ 8. Body parts that are reduced in size and/or
have no known function j. evolution

_____ 9. Body parts that are similar in function but not


similar in structure

_____ 10. Physical and behavioral traits that enable


organisms to survive

III. Theory of Evolution:


A. The following statements summarize Darwin’s theory of evolution. Write the term that
completes each statement on the blank to the left.

____________________ 16. Certain organisms are naturally born with genes for variations of traits
that enable them to survive. These variations are passed on to the next
generation through _______ .

____________________ 17. Living organisms face a constant _______ to survive.

____________________ 18. Not all organisms _______ and ________.

____________________ 19. Natural selection results in genetic _______ in a population.

____________________ 20. A species must change and adapt to its environment or it will become
________ .

WORD BANK:

change extinct
reproduce

Human Evolution
IV. Relatedness of Organisms
A. Use the data in the table below to answer the following questions:

COMPARISON OF AMINO ACID DIFFERENCES


COMPARED WITH HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN

3
NUMBER OF AMINO ACID
DIFFERENCES
SPECIES
COMPARED WITH HUMAN
HEMOGLOBIN
Human 0
Species A 17
Species B 5
Species C 29

28. Which species is most closely related to humans? __________

29. Which species is most distantly related to humans? __________

30. Explain how a comparison of the differences in the number of amino acids demonstrates the
relatedness between species. _______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

31. Draw a cladogram for the amino acid differences chart found above:

What are the 3 modes of natural selection? Draw a picture and describe each of them below:

4
DNA from four organisms was examined using gel electrophoresis. The results are shown in the
diagram below.

RESULTS OF DNA GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

1 2 3 4

36. According to the data, which of these pairs of organisms is most closely related?
A 1 and 2
B 2 and 3
C 2 and 4
D 3 and 4

5
A team of scientists discovered what they believed to be a new species of fish. Using gel
electrophoresis, they analyzed samples of DNA from the newly discovered fish and from four
known species of fish. The diagram below shows the bands of DNA from the gel electrophoresis.
RESULTS OF GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
FROM FIVE DIFFERENT FISH

NEWLY KNOWN KNOWN KNOWN KNOWN


DISCOVERED SPECIES SPECIES SPECIES SPECIES
FISH A B C D

KEY

= Bands in the Gel

37. Use the results of the gel electrophoresis to:


 Determine if the newly discovered fish is, in fact, a new species of fish.
 Identify which of the known species is most closely related to the newly discovered fish.
 Explain how the relatedness of the fish can be determined by examining the location of
the bands in the electrophoresis gel.
 Describe other types of evidence that scientists can use to determine relationships between
species.

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