Swi Qa

THE WELDING INSTITUTE
Quality
Quality is a subjective thing, what is quality to one person might not be quality to another person.
Quality its self is very difficult to define but the concepts of quality or shown below
Requirement
Need or Grade
expectation that Category or rank
is stated, given to the different
generally implied quality requirements
or obligatory for products,
processes or
systems having the
same function use
Quality
Degree to which
a set of inherent
characteristics Capability
fulfils Ability of an organisation, system
requirements or process to realise a product
that will fulfil the requirements for
that product.
Customer satisfaction
Customer’s perception of the
degree to which the customer’s
requirements have been fulfilled.
It must be said that these terms although they are all widely used and definitions of their meanings
defined in many documents, are not sufficiently precise for really general application. It is not
uncommon to find that these functions overlap or that in particular instances QA is planned and
organized as a department, which in practice covers inspection and quality control. Again many
manufacturing plants are organized with a Project Office dealing with the aims of quality and an
Inspection Office dealing with the attainment of quality.
Senior Welding Inspection – QA / QC 2b. 1 Rev 09-09-02

Copyright  2002 TWI Ltd
Note: quality can be used with objectives such as poor, good or excellent.
Note: inherent, as opposed to assigned, means existing in something, especially as a permanent
characteristic.
Note: requirements can be generated by different interested parties.
Note: a specified requirement is one which is stated, for example a document
Note: when establishing a quality requirement, the grade is generally specified.
Note: customer complaints are a common indicator of low customer satisfaction but their
absence does not necessarily imply high customer satisfaction.
Note: Even when customer requirements have been agreed with the customer and fulfilled, this
does not necessarily ensure high customer satisfaction
QA VS QC
QA applies to all areas, which have an affect on quality and asks the question “has the work been
performed correctly?”
QC deals with the actual measurement of quality performance, this performance is compared
against what is required, and action is taken on the difference and asks the question “is the work
been performed correctly?”
QA VS Inspection
QA is not inspection. It deals mainly with documentation and must see the entire picture.
Inspection is mainly about physical reality, monitoring and measuring basically inspection is a
QC tool.
Definitions Relating to Quality

Quality Assurance: all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate
confidence that a product or service will satisfy given requirements for quality or that quality
requirements will be fulfilled.
Quality Control: The operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfil the requirements
for quality
Inspection: activities such as measuring, examining, testing, gauging one or more characteristics
of a product or service and comparing these with specified requirements to determine conformity.
Inspection is a tool used for quality control.
Aim of quality assurance

The aim of quality assurance is to improve quality whilst keeping costs to an acceptable level.
The objectives of a system used to implement quality assurance, i.e. a quality system is to
determine and rectify the root cause(s) of any problems, thereby reducing faults and wastage. This
will in turn improve quality and reduce costs. The emphasis is on fault prevention rather that
detection and cure i.e. it is a lot more cost effective to prevent welding defects from occurring
rather than repairing defective welds after detection.

Benefits of adopting quality assurance

A properly implemented and managed quality system should:
1. Help to ensure that the company focuses on the market needs and requirements.
2. Make the company more competitive in the market place due to an increased customer
confidence in the company’s output, i.e. a product or service that a customer wants
3. Lead to a reduction of costs due to a reduction in defective items and wastage
4. Give a measure of performance, which will enable any areas for improvement to be identified.
5. Introduce a more organized way of thinking.
6. Provide motivation, motivate employees provide a better working environment in addition to
the product or service output benefits.
Quality assurance provides the objective evidence needed to give maximum confidence for
quality. Quality assurance should be considered as a management tool when used within an
organization. A supplier who implements and maintains a system for assuring quality, is
providing maximum confidence to a purchaser, or potential purchaser, that the supplied product or
service attains, or is going to attain, its fitness for purpose.
Concepts relating to quality assurance for measurement process
Measurement process
Set of operations to
Metrological confirmation determine the value of
Set of operations required to quality
ensure that measuring
equipment conforms to the
requirements for its intended
use
Measurement function
Function with
Measurement control system
organisational
Set of interrelated or interacting
responsibility for defining
elements necessary to achieve
and implementing the
metrological confirmation and
measurement control
continual control of
system
measurement process
Measuring equipment
Measuring instrument,
software, measurement Metrological characteristic
standard, reference material Distinguishing features which
or auxiliary apparatus or can influence the results of
combination thereof measurement
necessary to realise a
measurement process

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THE WELDING INSTITUTE

Senior Welding Inspection – QA / QC 2b. 1 Rev 09-09-02

Definitions Relating to Quality

Aim of quality assurance

Senior Welding Inspection – QA / QC 2b. 2 Rev 09-09-02

Benefits of adopting quality assurance

Concepts relating to quality assurance for measurement process

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