Confined Concrete

1) Given Data
Width of Beam (B) 300 mm

Depth Of Beam (D) 500 mm
Width of Confined core of concrete (b) 220 mm
Depth Of Confined core of concrete (d) 420 mm
Clear cover to reinforcement 40 mm
Grade of concrete (fck) 25 N/mm2
Grade of reinforcement steel (Fe) 415 N/mm2
Number of longitudinal bars confined (n) 4
Longitudinal reinforcement 16mm ϕ with 12 No.bars
Transverse reinforcement (X direction) 2 Leg stirrups of 8mm ϕ @ 90 mm c/c
Transverse reinforcement (Y direction) 2 Leg stirrups of 8mm ϕ @ 75 mm c/c
Diameter of Transverse reinforcement (X direction) 8 mm
Diameter of Transverse reinforcement (Y direction) 8 mm
Spacing (s1) 90 mm
Modulus of elasticity (Es) 200000 N/mm2
2) Geometry
300
600
X
3) Calculation of confined strength of concrete (f'c)
cylindrical strength of concrete (f'c) 20 Mpa

cylindrical strength of concrete (f'c) 2900.8 psi
Modulus of elasticity of concrete (Ec) 22360.679775
value of c 0.85
Ash 100.48
ρx Ash/(d*S) 0.0050747475
ρy Ash/(b*S) 0.0026582011
ρs (ρx+ρy)/2 0.0038664743
Ke (nl-2)/nl * [1-s/bc] 0.2954545455
fsx Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρx / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fsy Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρy / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fx ρx*fsx 2.106020202
fy ρy*fsy 1.1031534392
fxc kefx 0.6222332415
fyc kefy 0.3259316979
Smaller Effective Confining Stress Ratio (f'Iy/cf'c) 0.0191724528

Larger Effective Confining Stress Ratio (f'Ix/cf'c) 0.0366019554
Confined Strength Ratio (f'cc/cf'c) 1.2047942805

Confined Strength of Concrete (f'cc) 20.481502768 Mpa
Strain in Concrete at Maximum Stress (εcc) 0.0040479428

εcc = ε0(1+5(f'cc/cf'c-1))
ε0=0.002
Ultimate Strain in Concrete (εcu)

εcu=0.004+fmin/4f'c 0.0080741462
fmin=min(fxc,fyc)
Kent & Park Model :
ε50h 0.004533843
ε50u 0.0046304714
Z 69.790349269
Kent & Park Modified Kent
Model And Park Model
Strain (εc) Stress (fc) Stress (fc)
0.0001 1.95 1.95371353276
0.0002 3.8 3.81485413106
0.0003 5.55 5.58342179488
0.0004 7.2 7.25941652424
0.0005 8.75 8.84283831912
0.0006 10.2 10.3336871795
0.0007 11.55 11.7319631055
0.0008 12.8 13.037666097
0.0009 13.95 14.250796154
0.001 15 15.3713532765
0.0011 15.95 16.3993374645
0.0012 16.8 17.3347487181
0.0013 17.55 18.1775870373
0.0014 18.2 18.9278524219
0.0015 18.75 19.5855448721
0.0016 19.2 20.1506643878
0.0017 19.55 20.623210969
0.0018 19.8 21.0031846158
0.0019 19.95 21.2905853281
0.002 20 21.4854131059
0.0021 19.860419301 21.5876679493
0.0022 19.720838603 21.543610495
0.0023 19.581257904 21.3894013569
0.0024 19.441677206 21.2351922188
0.0025 19.302096507 21.0809830808
0.0026 19.162515809 20.9267739427
0.0027 19.02293511 20.7725648046
0.0028 18.883354412 20.6183556665
0.0029 18.743773713 20.4641465285
0.003 18.604193015 20.3099373904
0.0031 18.464612316 20.1557282523
0.0032 18.325031618 20.0015191142
0.0033 18.185450919 19.8473099761
0.0034 18.04587022 19.6931008381
0.0035 17.906289522 19.5388917
0.0036 17.766708823 19.3846825619
0.0037 17.627128125 19.2304734238
0.0038 17.487547426 19.0762642858
0.0039 17.347966728 18.9220551477
0.004 17.208386029 18.7678460096
0.0041 17.068805331 18.6136368715
0.0042 16.929224632 18.4594277334
0.0043 16.789643934 18.3052185954
0.0044 16.650063235 18.1510094573
0.0045 16.510482537 17.9968003192
0.0046 16.370901838 17.8425911811
0.0047 16.231321139 17.6883820431
0.0048 16.091740441 17.534172905
0.0049 15.952159742 17.3799637669
0.005 15.812579044 17.2257546288
0.0051 15.672998345 17.0715454907
0.0052 15.533417647 16.9173363527
0.0053 15.393836948 16.7631272146
0.0054 15.25425625 16.6089180765
0.0055 15.114675551 16.4547089384
0.0056 14.975094853 16.3004998003
0.0057 14.835514154 16.1462906623
0.0058 14.695933456 15.9920815242
0.0059 14.556352757 15.8378723861
0.006 14.416772058 15.683663248
0.0061 14.27719136 15.52945411
0.0062 14.137610661 15.3752449719
0.0063 13.998029963 15.2210358338
0.0064 13.858449264 15.0668266957
0.0065 13.718868566 14.9126175576
0.0066 13.579287867 14.7584084196
0.0067 13.439707169 14.6041992815
0.00680000000000001 13.30012647 14.4499901434
0.00690000000000001 13.160545772 14.2957810053
0.00700000000000001 13.020965073 14.1415718673
0.00710000000000001 12.881384375 13.9873627292
0.00720000000000001 12.741803676 13.8331535911
0.00730000000000001 12.602222977 13.678944453
0.00740000000000001 12.462642279 13.5247353149
0.00750000000000001 12.32306158 13.3705261769
0.00760000000000001 12.183480882 13.2163170388
0.00770000000000001 12.043900183 13.0621079007
0.00780000000000001 11.904319485 12.9078987626
0.00790000000000001 11.764738786 12.7536896245
0.00800000000000001 11.625158088 12.5994804865
0.00810000000000001 11.485577389 12.4452713484
0.00820000000000001 11.345996691 12.2910622103
0.00830000000000001 11.206415992 12.1368530722
0.00840000000000001 11.066835294 11.9826439342
0.0085 10.927254595 11.8284347961
0.0086 10.787673896 11.674225658
0.0087 10.648093198 11.5200165199
0.0088 10.508512499 11.3658073818
0.0089 10.368931801 11.2115982438
0.009 10.229351102 11.0573891057
0.0091 10.089770404 10.9031799676
0.0092 9.9501897052 10.7489708295
0.0093 9.8106090067 10.5947616915
0.0094 9.6710283081 10.4405525534
0.0095 9.5314476096 10.2863434153
0.0096 9.3918669111 10.1321342772
0.0097 9.2522862125 9.97792513914
0.0098 9.112705514 9.82371600106
0.0099 8.9731248154 9.66950686298
0.01 8.8335441169 9.51529772491
0.0101 8.6939634184 9.36108858683
0.0102 8.5543827198 9.20687944875
0.0103 8.4148020213 9.05267031067
0.0104 8.2752213227 8.89846117259
0.0105 8.1356406242 8.74425203452
0.0106 7.9960599257 8.59004289644
0.0107 7.8564792271 8.43583375836
0.0108 7.7168985286 8.28162462028
0.0109 7.57731783 8.1274154822
0.011 7.4377371315 7.97320634412
0.0111 7.298156433 7.81899720605
0.0112 7.1585757344 7.66478806797
0.0113 7.0189950359 7.51057892989
0.0114 6.8794143374 7.35636979181
0.0115 6.7398336388 7.20216065373
0.0116 6.6002529403 7.04795151566
0.0117 6.4606722417 6.89374237758
0.0118 6.3210915432 6.7395332395
0.0119 6.1815108447 6.58532410142
0.012 6.0419301461 6.43111496334
0.0121 5.9023494476 6.27690582526
0.0122 5.762768749 6.12269668719
0.0123 5.6231880505 5.96848754911
0.0124 5.483607352 5.81427841103
0.0125 5.3440266534 5.66006927295
0.0126 5.2044459549 5.50586013487
0.0127 5.0648652563 5.3516509968
0.0128 4.9252845578 5.19744185872
0.0129 4.7857038593 5.04323272064
0.013 4.6461231607 4.88902358256
0.0131 4.5065424622 4.73481444448
0.0132 4.3669617637 4.58060530641
0.0133 4.2273810651 4.42639616833
0.0134 4.0878003666 4.32091736412
0.0135 4 4.32091736412
0.0136 4 4.32091736412
0.0137 4 4.32091736412
0.0138 4 4.32091736412
0.0139 4 4.32091736412
0.014 4 4.32091736412
0.0141 4 4.32091736412
0.0142 4 4.32091736412
0.0143 4 4.32091736412
0.0144 4 4.32091736412
0.0145 4 4.32091736412
0.0146 4 4.32091736412
0.0147 4 4.32091736412
0.0148 4 4.32091736412
0.0149 4 4.32091736412
0.015 4 4.32091736412
0.0151 4 4.32091736412
0.0152 4 4.32091736412
0.0153 4 4.32091736412
0.0154 4 4.32091736412
0.0155 4 4.32091736412
0.0156 4 4.32091736412
0.0157 4 4.32091736412
0.0158 4 4.32091736412
0.0159 4 4.32091736412
0.016 4 4.32091736412
Stress Vs Strain
25
20
16mm ϕ with 12 No.bars

stirrups of 8mm ϕ @ 90 mm c/c 15
stirrups of 8mm ϕ @ 75 mm c/c
Stress
10
0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012
Strain
Kent & Park Modified Kent & Park Mande

Modified Kent And Park Model Mander Model
k 1.080229341 f'c 16
Zm 71.37796217 Ec 22360.68
Esec 5059.731
r 1.292454
Mander
x Stress (fc)
0.0247039063606904 2.173852829
0.0494078127213808 4.179166025
0.0741117190820712 5.998077989
0.0988156254427615 7.633506639
0.123519531803452 9.096255808
0.148223438164142 10.40035553
0.172927344524833 11.56077912
0.197631250885523 12.5922541
0.222335157246214 13.50865514
0.247039063606904 14.32272403
0.271742969967594 15.04597565
0.296446876328285 15.68870827
0.321150782688975 16.26006954
0.345854689049666 16.76814941
0.370558595410356 17.22008306
0.395262501771046 17.62215405
0.419966408131737 17.97989231
0.444670314492427 18.29816448
0.469374220853117 18.58125531
0.494078127213808 18.83294031
0.518782033574498 19.05654966
0.543485939935189 19.25502442
0.568189846295879 19.43096552
0.592893752656569 19.58667645
0.61759765901726 19.72420037
0.64230156537795 19.84535238
0.66700547173864 19.95174753
0.691709378099331 20.04482511
0.716413284460021 20.12586987
0.741117190820711 20.19603034
0.765821097181402 20.25633492
0.790525003542092 20.30770581
0.815228909902782 20.35097124
0.839932816263473 20.38687609
0.864636722624163 20.41609126
0.889340628984853 20.43922185
0.914044535345544 20.45681434
0.938748441706234 20.46936292
0.963452348066924 20.47731507
0.988156254427615 20.48107643
1.01286016078831 20.48101523
1.037564067149 20.47746603
1.06226797350969 20.47073322
1.08697187987038 20.46109398
1.11167578623107 20.448801
1.13637969259176 20.43408487
1.16108359895245 20.41715621
1.18578750531314 20.39820759
1.21049141167383 20.37741523
1.23519531803452 20.35494049
1.25989922439521 20.33093131
1.2846031307559 20.30552337
1.30930703711659 20.27884125
1.33401094347728 20.25099937
1.35871484983797 20.22210293
1.38341875619866 20.19224872
1.40812266255935 20.16152578
1.43282656892004 20.13001617
1.45753047528073 20.09779548
1.48223438164142 20.06493341
1.50693828800211 20.03149424
1.5316421943628 19.9975373
1.5563461007235 19.96311738
1.58105000708419 19.92828507
1.60575391344488 19.89308709
1.63045781980557 19.85756667
1.65516172616626 19.82176373
1.67986563252695 19.7857152
1.70456953888764 19.74945525
1.72927344524833 19.71301547
1.75397735160902 19.67642511
1.77868125796971 19.63971121
1.8033851643304 19.60289882
1.82808907069109 19.5660111
1.85279297705178 19.5290695
1.87749688341247 19.49209385
1.90220078977316 19.45510252
1.92690469613385 19.41811249
1.95160860249454 19.38113946
1.97631250885523 19.34419797
2.00101641521592 19.30730143
2.02572032157661 19.27046226
2.0504242279373 19.23369193
2.07512813429799 19.19700099
2.09983204065868 19.16039923
2.12453594701937 19.12389564
2.14923985338006 19.0874985
2.17394375974075 19.05121546
2.19864766610144 19.01505352
2.22335157246213 18.97901914
2.24805547882283 18.94311823
2.27275938518352 18.90735621
2.29746329154421 18.87173803
2.3221671979049 18.83626821
2.34687110426559 18.80095089
2.37157501062628 18.76578981
2.39627891698697 18.73078836
2.42098282334766 18.69594963
2.44568672970835 18.66127637
2.47039063606904 18.62677109
2.49509454242973 18.592436
2.51979844879042 18.55827307
2.54450235515111 18.52428405
2.5692062615118 18.49047048
2.59391016787249 18.45683368
2.61861407423318 18.4233748
2.64331798059387 18.3900948
2.66802188695456 18.35699451
2.69272579331525 18.32407456
2.71742969967594 18.29133548
2.74213360603663 18.25877765
2.76683751239732 18.22640133
2.79154141875801 18.19420667
2.8162453251187 18.1621937
2.84094923147939 18.13036238
2.86565313784008 18.09871254
2.89035704420077 18.06724396
2.91506095056146 18.03595632
2.93976485692215 18.00484922
2.96446876328284 17.97392222
2.98917266964353 17.94317478
3.01387657600422 17.91260633
3.03858048236491 17.88221623
3.0632843887256 17.85200379
3.08798829508629 17.82196829
3.11269220144698 17.79210895
3.13739610780767 17.76242494
3.16210001416836 17.73291543
3.18680392052905 17.70357952
3.21150782688974 17.6744163
3.23621173325043 17.64542483
3.26091563961112 17.61660412
3.28561954597182 17.5879532
3.31032345233251 17.55947104
3.3350273586932 17.53115662
3.35973126505389 17.50300887
3.38443517141458 17.47502673
3.40913907777527 17.44720913
3.43384298413596 17.41955496
3.45854689049665 17.39206312
3.48325079685734 17.36473251
3.50795470321803 17.33756199
3.53265860957872 17.31055044
3.55736251593941 17.28369672
3.5820664223001 17.2569997
3.60677032866079 17.23045822
3.63147423502148 17.20407115
3.65617814138217 17.17783733
3.68088204774286 17.15175561
3.70558595410355 17.12582485
3.73028986046424 17.10004389
3.75499376682493 17.07441158
3.77969767318562 17.04892677
3.80440157954631 17.02358832
3.829105485907 16.99839509
3.85380939226769 16.97334593
3.87851329862838 16.94843971
3.90321720498907 16.92367529
3.92792111134976 16.89905155
3.95262501771045 16.87456736
Vs Strain
8 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018
Strain
dified Kent & Park Mander

0.3 0.28 0.26
0.3 2.3 2.26 2.22
0.28 2.27 2.27 2.2
Large effective confining Stress Ratio (f'Ix/cf'c)
0.26 2.19 X 2.19

0.24 2.1 X X
0.22 2.05 X X
0.2 1.97 X X
0.18 1.91 X X
0.16 1.83 X X
0.14 1.75 X X
0.12 1.67 X X
0.1 1.59 X X
0.08 1.49 X X
0.06 1.38 X X
0.04 1.25 X X
0.02 1.12 X X
0 1 X X
Smaller Effective Confining Stress Ratio

Larger Effective Confining Stress Ratio (
Confined Strength Ratio (f'

Smaller Effective Confining Stress Ratio (f'Iy/cf'c)
0.24 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06
2.2 2.16 2.1 2.05 2 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.71 1.65
2.16 2.13 2.1 2.04 2 1.94 1.89 1.8 1.71 1.62
2.15 2.1 2.05 2 1.97 1.91 1.87 1.79 1.7 1.61
2.1 2.08 2.03 2 1.96 1.9 1.83 1.78 1.7 1.6
X 2.05 2 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.81 1.75 1.69 1.6
X X 1.97 1.93 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.72 1.67 1.59
X X X 1.91 1.89 1.81 1.77 1.7 1.63 1.54
X X X X 1.83 1.8 1.75 1.69 1.6 1.51
X X X X X 1.75 1.7 1.67 1.59 1.5
X X X X X X 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.49
X X X X X X X 1.59 1.51 1.45
X X X X X X X X 1.49 1.41
X X X X X X X X X 1.38
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
ctive Confining Stress Ratio (f' Iy/cf'c) 0.019172

tive Confining Stress Ratio (f'Ix/cf'c) 0.036602

0.04 0.02 0
1.55 1.42 1.3
1.54 1.41 1.3
1.51 1.41 1.3
1.5 1.4 1.29
1.5 1.4 1.28
1.49 1.39 1.27
1.49 1.38 1.25
1.45 1.35 1.24
1.42 1.32 1.22
1.4 1.3 1.2
1.39 1.29 1.19
1.36 1.26 1.18
1.3 1.22 1.13
1.25 1.2 1.1
X 1.12 1.05
X X 1
1) Given Data

Spacing (s1) 90 mm
2) Geometry
300
600
X
c
c

value of c 0.85
Ash 100.48
ρx Ash/(d*S) 0.0050747475
ρy Ash/(b*S) 0.0026582011
ρs (ρx+ρy)/2 0.0038664743
Ke (nl-2)/nl * [1-s/bc] 0.4431818182
fsx Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρx / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fsy Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρy / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fx ρx*fsx 2.106020202
fy ρy*fsy 1.1031534392
fxc kefx 0.9333498623
fyc kefy 0.4888975469



εcc = ε0(1+5(f'cc/cf'c-1))
ε0=0.002

εcu=0.004+fmin/4f'c 0.0101112193
fmin=min(fxc,fyc)
Kent & Park Model :
ε50h 0.004533843
ε50u 0.0046304714
Z 69.790349269
0.0001 1.95 1.95371353276
0.0002 3.8 3.81485413106
0.0003 5.55 5.58342179488
0.0004 7.2 7.25941652424
0.0005 8.75 8.84283831912
0.0006 10.2 10.3336871795
0.0007 11.55 11.7319631055
0.0008 12.8 13.037666097
0.0009 13.95 14.250796154
0.001 15 15.3713532765
0.0011 15.95 16.3993374645
0.0012 16.8 17.3347487181
0.0013 17.55 18.1775870373
0.0014 18.2 18.9278524219
0.0015 18.75 19.5855448721
0.0016 19.2 20.1506643878
0.0017 19.55 20.623210969
0.0018 19.8 21.0031846158
0.0019 19.95 21.2905853281
0.002 20 21.4854131059
0.0021 19.860419301 21.5876679493
0.0022 19.720838603 21.543610495
0.0023 19.581257904 21.3894013569
0.0024 19.441677206 21.2351922188
0.0025 19.302096507 21.0809830808
0.0026 19.162515809 20.9267739427
0.0027 19.02293511 20.7725648046
0.0028 18.883354412 20.6183556665
0.0029 18.743773713 20.4641465285
0.003 18.604193015 20.3099373904
0.0031 18.464612316 20.1557282523
0.0032 18.325031618 20.0015191142
0.0033 18.185450919 19.8473099761
0.0034 18.04587022 19.6931008381
0.0035 17.906289522 19.5388917
0.0036 17.766708823 19.3846825619
0.0037 17.627128125 19.2304734238
0.0038 17.487547426 19.0762642858
0.0039 17.347966728 18.9220551477
0.004 17.208386029 18.7678460096
0.0041 17.068805331 18.6136368715
0.0042 16.929224632 18.4594277334
0.0043 16.789643934 18.3052185954
0.0044 16.650063235 18.1510094573
0.0045 16.510482537 17.9968003192
0.0046 16.370901838 17.8425911811
0.0047 16.231321139 17.6883820431
0.0048 16.091740441 17.534172905
0.0049 15.952159742 17.3799637669
0.005 15.812579044 17.2257546288
0.0051 15.672998345 17.0715454907
0.0052 15.533417647 16.9173363527
0.0053 15.393836948 16.7631272146
0.0054 15.25425625 16.6089180765
0.0055 15.114675551 16.4547089384
0.0056 14.975094853 16.3004998003
0.0057 14.835514154 16.1462906623
0.0058 14.695933456 15.9920815242
0.0059 14.556352757 15.8378723861
0.006 14.416772058 15.683663248
0.0061 14.27719136 15.52945411
0.0062 14.137610661 15.3752449719
0.0063 13.998029963 15.2210358338
0.0064 13.858449264 15.0668266957
0.0065 13.718868566 14.9126175576
0.0066 13.579287867 14.7584084196
0.0067 13.439707169 14.6041992815
0.00680000000000001 13.30012647 14.4499901434
0.00690000000000001 13.160545772 14.2957810053
0.00700000000000001 13.020965073 14.1415718673
0.00710000000000001 12.881384375 13.9873627292
0.00720000000000001 12.741803676 13.8331535911
0.00730000000000001 12.602222977 13.678944453
0.00740000000000001 12.462642279 13.5247353149
0.00750000000000001 12.32306158 13.3705261769
0.00760000000000001 12.183480882 13.2163170388
0.00770000000000001 12.043900183 13.0621079007
0.00780000000000001 11.904319485 12.9078987626
0.00790000000000001 11.764738786 12.7536896245
0.00800000000000001 11.625158088 12.5994804865
0.00810000000000001 11.485577389 12.4452713484
0.00820000000000001 11.345996691 12.2910622103
0.00830000000000001 11.206415992 12.1368530722
0.00840000000000001 11.066835294 11.9826439342
0.0085 10.927254595 11.8284347961
0.0086 10.787673896 11.674225658
0.0087 10.648093198 11.5200165199
0.0088 10.508512499 11.3658073818
0.0089 10.368931801 11.2115982438
0.009 10.229351102 11.0573891057
0.0091 10.089770404 10.9031799676
0.0092 9.9501897052 10.7489708295
0.0093 9.8106090067 10.5947616915
0.0094 9.6710283081 10.4405525534
0.0095 9.5314476096 10.2863434153
0.0096 9.3918669111 10.1321342772
0.0097 9.2522862125 9.97792513914
0.0098 9.112705514 9.82371600106
0.0099 8.9731248154 9.66950686298
0.01 8.8335441169 9.51529772491
0.0101 8.6939634184 9.36108858683
0.0102 8.5543827198 9.20687944875
0.0103 8.4148020213 9.05267031067
0.0104 8.2752213227 8.89846117259
0.0105 8.1356406242 8.74425203452
0.0106 7.9960599257 8.59004289644
0.0107 7.8564792271 8.43583375836
0.0108 7.7168985286 8.28162462028
0.0109 7.57731783 8.1274154822
0.011 7.4377371315 7.97320634412
0.0111 7.298156433 7.81899720605
0.0112 7.1585757344 7.66478806797
0.0113 7.0189950359 7.51057892989
0.0114 6.8794143374 7.35636979181
0.0115 6.7398336388 7.20216065373
0.0116 6.6002529403 7.04795151566
0.0117 6.4606722417 6.89374237758
0.0118 6.3210915432 6.7395332395
0.0119 6.1815108447 6.58532410142
0.012 6.0419301461 6.43111496334
0.0121 5.9023494476 6.27690582526
0.0122 5.762768749 6.12269668719
0.0123 5.6231880505 5.96848754911
0.0124 5.483607352 5.81427841103
0.0125 5.3440266534 5.66006927295
0.0126 5.2044459549 5.50586013487
0.0127 5.0648652563 5.3516509968
0.0128 4.9252845578 5.19744185872
0.0129 4.7857038593 5.04323272064
0.013 4.6461231607 4.88902358256
0.0131 4.5065424622 4.73481444448
0.0132 4.3669617637 4.58060530641
0.0133 4.2273810651 4.42639616833
0.0134 4.0878003666 4.32091736412
0.0135 4 4.32091736412
0.0136 4 4.32091736412
0.0137 4 4.32091736412
0.0138 4 4.32091736412
0.0139 4 4.32091736412
0.014 4 4.32091736412
0.0141 4 4.32091736412
0.0142 4 4.32091736412
0.0143 4 4.32091736412
0.0144 4 4.32091736412
0.0145 4 4.32091736412
0.0146 4 4.32091736412
0.0147 4 4.32091736412
0.0148 4 4.32091736412
0.0149 4 4.32091736412
0.015 4 4.32091736412
0.0151 4 4.32091736412
0.0152 4 4.32091736412
0.0153 4 4.32091736412
0.0154 4 4.32091736412
0.0155 4 4.32091736412
0.0156 4 4.32091736412
0.0157 4 4.32091736412
0.0158 4 4.32091736412
0.0159 4 4.32091736412
0.016 4 4.32091736412
Stress Vs Strain
25
20

Stress
10
0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012
Strain

k 1.080229341 f'c 16
Zm 71.37796217 Ec 22360.68
Esec 4314.039
r 1.239049
Mander
x Stress (fc)
0.0192208720242741 2.16828225
0.0384417440485482 4.164803784
0.0576626160728223 5.979031731
0.0768834880970964 7.617446127
0.0961043601213705 9.09223834
0.115325232145645 10.41755006
0.134546104169919 11.60775267
0.153766976194193 12.67661187
0.172987848218467 13.63689846
0.192208720242741 14.50023786
0.211429592267015 15.27708879
0.230650464291289 15.97679039
0.249871336315563 16.60764311
0.269092208339838 17.17700348
0.288313080364112 17.69138151
0.307533952388386 18.15653453
0.32675482441266 18.57755452
0.345975696436934 18.95894729
0.365196568461208 19.30470344
0.384417440485482 19.61836125
0.403638312509756 19.903062
0.42285918453403 20.16159855
0.442080056558304 20.39645773
0.461300928582579 20.60985741
0.480521800606853 20.80377874
0.499742672631127 20.97999436
0.518963544655401 21.14009289
0.538184416679675 21.28550041
0.557405288703949 21.4174991
0.576626160728223 21.53724365
0.595847032752497 21.64577553
0.615067904776771 21.74403558
0.634288776801045 21.83287495
0.653509648825319 21.91306484
0.672730520849593 21.985305
0.691951392873867 22.05023122
0.711172264898141 22.10842199
0.730393136922416 22.16040435
0.74961400894669 22.20665908
0.768834880970964 22.24762532
0.788055752995238 22.28370469
0.807276625019512 22.31526487
0.826497497043786 22.34264291
0.84571836906806 22.36614812
0.864939241092335 22.38606464
0.884160113116609 22.40265376
0.903380985140883 22.41615604
0.922601857165157 22.42679313
0.941822729189431 22.43476948
0.961043601213705 22.44027385
0.98026447323798 22.44348064
0.999485345262254 22.44455118
1.01870621728653 22.44363477
1.0379270893108 22.44086975
1.05714796133508 22.43638436
1.07636883335935 22.43029761
1.09558970538362 22.42271998
1.1148105774079 22.41375416
1.13403144943217 22.40349561
1.15325232145645 22.39203317
1.17247319348072 22.37944958
1.191694065505 22.36582189
1.21091493752927 22.35122195
1.23013580955354 22.3357168
1.24935668157782 22.31936899
1.26857755360209 22.30223694
1.28779842562637 22.28437523
1.30701929765064 22.26583491
1.32624016967491 22.2466637
1.34546104169919 22.22690627
1.36468191372346 22.20660443
1.38390278574774 22.18579735
1.40312365777201 22.16452173
1.42234452979629 22.14281197
1.44156540182056 22.12070033
1.46078627384483 22.09821707
1.48000714586911 22.07539059
1.49922801789338 22.05224755
1.51844888991766 22.028813
1.53766976194193 22.00511044
1.5568906339662 21.98116198
1.57611150599048 21.95698839
1.59533237801475 21.93260919
1.61455325003903 21.90804275
1.6337741220633 21.88330634
1.65299499408757 21.8584162
1.67221586611185 21.83338763
1.69143673813612 21.80823501
1.7106576101604 21.78297188
1.72987848218467 21.75761099
1.74909935420894 21.73216436
1.76832022623322 21.70664327
1.78754109825749 21.68105838
1.80676197028177 21.6554197
1.82598284230604 21.62973668
1.84520371433031 21.6040182
1.86442458635459 21.57827265
1.88364545837886 21.5525079
1.90286633040314 21.52673138
1.92208720242741 21.5009501
1.94130807445168 21.47517063
1.96052894647596 21.44939918
1.97974981850023 21.42364158
1.99897069052451 21.39790334
2.01819156254878 21.37218962
2.03741243457305 21.3465053
2.05663330659733 21.32085494
2.0758541786216 21.29524286
2.09507505064588 21.2696731
2.11429592267015 21.24414947
2.13351679469442 21.21867555
2.1527376667187 21.19325468
2.17195853874297 21.16789003
2.19117941076725 21.14258454
2.21040028279152 21.11734099
2.22962115481579 21.09216197
2.24884202684007 21.06704993
2.26806289886434 21.04200712
2.28728377088862 21.01703569
2.30650464291289 20.99213761
2.32572551493716 20.96731475
2.34494638696144 20.94256882
2.36416725898571 20.91790145
2.38338813100999 20.89331413
2.40260900303426 20.86880824
2.42182987505853 20.84438508
2.44105074708281 20.82004585
2.46027161910708 20.79579163
2.47949249113136 20.77162344
2.49871336315563 20.74754223
2.5179342351799 20.72354884
2.53715510720418 20.69964406
2.55637597922845 20.6758286
2.57559685125273 20.6521031
2.594817723277 20.62846816
2.61403859530127 20.60492429
2.63325946732555 20.58147196
2.65248033934982 20.55811159
2.6717012113741 20.53484355
2.69092208339837 20.51166814
2.71014295542264 20.48858565
2.72936382744692 20.46559629
2.74858469947119 20.44270025
2.76780557149547 20.41989769
2.78702644351974 20.39718872
2.80624731554401 20.37457341
2.82546818756829 20.35205181
2.84468905959256 20.32962393
2.86390993161684 20.30728975
2.88313080364111 20.28504924
2.90235167566538 20.26290232
2.92157254768966 20.24084889
2.94079341971393 20.21888885
2.96001429173821 20.19702204
2.97923516376248 20.17524831
2.99845603578675 20.15356747
3.01767690781103 20.13197932
3.0368977798353 20.11048365
3.05611865185958 20.08908023
3.07533952388385 20.06776879
Vs Strain
8 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018
Strain

0.3 0.28 0.26
0.3 2.3 2.26 2.22
0.28 2.27 2.27 2.2
0.26 2.19 X 2.19

0.24 2.1 X X
0.22 2.05 X X
0.2 1.97 X X
0.18 1.91 X X
0.16 1.83 X X
0.14 1.75 X X
0.12 1.67 X X
0.1 1.59 X X
0.08 1.49 X X
0.06 1.38 X X
0.04 1.25 X X
0.02 1.12 X X
0 1 X X


0.24 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06
2.2 2.16 2.1 2.05 2 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.71 1.65
2.16 2.13 2.1 2.04 2 1.94 1.89 1.8 1.71 1.62
2.15 2.1 2.05 2 1.97 1.91 1.87 1.79 1.7 1.61
2.1 2.08 2.03 2 1.96 1.9 1.83 1.78 1.7 1.6
X 2.05 2 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.81 1.75 1.69 1.6
X X 1.97 1.93 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.72 1.67 1.59
X X X 1.91 1.89 1.81 1.77 1.7 1.63 1.54
X X X X 1.83 1.8 1.75 1.69 1.6 1.51
X X X X X 1.75 1.7 1.67 1.59 1.5
X X X X X X 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.49
X X X X X X X 1.59 1.51 1.45
X X X X X X X X 1.49 1.41
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X


0.04 0.02 0
1.55 1.42 1.3
1.54 1.41 1.3
1.51 1.41 1.3
1.5 1.4 1.29
1.5 1.4 1.28
1.49 1.39 1.27
1.49 1.38 1.25
1.45 1.35 1.24
1.42 1.32 1.22
1.4 1.3 1.2
1.39 1.29 1.19
1.36 1.26 1.18
1.3 1.22 1.13
1.25 1.2 1.1
X 1.12 1.05
X X 1
1) Given Data

Spacing (s1) 90 mm
2) Geometry
300
600
X

value of c 0.85
Ash 100.48
ρx Ash/(d*S) 0.0050747475
ρy Ash/(b*S) 0.0026582011
ρs (ρx+ρy)/2 0.0038664743
Ke (nl-2)/nl * [1-s/bc] 0.3939393939
fsx Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρx / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fsy Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρy / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fx ρx*fsx 2.106020202
fy ρy*fsy 1.1031534392
fxc kefx 0.829644322
fyc kefy 0.4345755972



εcc = ε0(1+5(f'cc/cf'c-1))
ε0=0.002

εcu=0.004+fmin/4f'c 0.009432195
fmin=min(fxc,fyc)
Kent & Park Model :
ε50h 0.004533843
ε50u 0.0046304714
Z 69.790349269
0.0001 1.95 1.95371353276
0.0002 3.8 3.81485413106
0.0003 5.55 5.58342179488
0.0004 7.2 7.25941652424
0.0005 8.75 8.84283831912
0.0006 10.2 10.3336871795
0.0007 11.55 11.7319631055
0.0008 12.8 13.037666097
0.0009 13.95 14.250796154
0.001 15 15.3713532765
0.0011 15.95 16.3993374645
0.0012 16.8 17.3347487181
0.0013 17.55 18.1775870373
0.0014 18.2 18.9278524219
0.0015 18.75 19.5855448721
0.0016 19.2 20.1506643878
0.0017 19.55 20.623210969
0.0018 19.8 21.0031846158
0.0019 19.95 21.2905853281
0.002 20 21.4854131059
0.0021 19.860419301 21.5876679493
0.0022 19.720838603 21.543610495
0.0023 19.581257904 21.3894013569
0.0024 19.441677206 21.2351922188
0.0025 19.302096507 21.0809830808
0.0026 19.162515809 20.9267739427
0.0027 19.02293511 20.7725648046
0.0028 18.883354412 20.6183556665
0.0029 18.743773713 20.4641465285
0.003 18.604193015 20.3099373904
0.0031 18.464612316 20.1557282523
0.0032 18.325031618 20.0015191142
0.0033 18.185450919 19.8473099761
0.0034 18.04587022 19.6931008381
0.0035 17.906289522 19.5388917
0.0036 17.766708823 19.3846825619
0.0037 17.627128125 19.2304734238
0.0038 17.487547426 19.0762642858
0.0039 17.347966728 18.9220551477
0.004 17.208386029 18.7678460096
0.0041 17.068805331 18.6136368715
0.0042 16.929224632 18.4594277334
0.0043 16.789643934 18.3052185954
0.0044 16.650063235 18.1510094573
0.0045 16.510482537 17.9968003192
0.0046 16.370901838 17.8425911811
0.0047 16.231321139 17.6883820431
0.0048 16.091740441 17.534172905
0.0049 15.952159742 17.3799637669
0.005 15.812579044 17.2257546288
0.0051 15.672998345 17.0715454907
0.0052 15.533417647 16.9173363527
0.0053 15.393836948 16.7631272146
0.0054 15.25425625 16.6089180765
0.0055 15.114675551 16.4547089384
0.0056 14.975094853 16.3004998003
0.0057 14.835514154 16.1462906623
0.0058 14.695933456 15.9920815242
0.0059 14.556352757 15.8378723861
0.006 14.416772058 15.683663248
0.0061 14.27719136 15.52945411
0.0062 14.137610661 15.3752449719
0.0063 13.998029963 15.2210358338
0.0064 13.858449264 15.0668266957
0.0065 13.718868566 14.9126175576
0.0066 13.579287867 14.7584084196
0.0067 13.439707169 14.6041992815
0.00680000000000001 13.30012647 14.4499901434
0.00690000000000001 13.160545772 14.2957810053
0.00700000000000001 13.020965073 14.1415718673
0.00710000000000001 12.881384375 13.9873627292
0.00720000000000001 12.741803676 13.8331535911
0.00730000000000001 12.602222977 13.678944453
0.00740000000000001 12.462642279 13.5247353149
0.00750000000000001 12.32306158 13.3705261769
0.00760000000000001 12.183480882 13.2163170388
0.00770000000000001 12.043900183 13.0621079007
0.00780000000000001 11.904319485 12.9078987626
0.00790000000000001 11.764738786 12.7536896245
0.00800000000000001 11.625158088 12.5994804865
0.00810000000000001 11.485577389 12.4452713484
0.00820000000000001 11.345996691 12.2910622103
0.00830000000000001 11.206415992 12.1368530722
0.00840000000000001 11.066835294 11.9826439342
0.0085 10.927254595 11.8284347961
0.0086 10.787673896 11.674225658
0.0087 10.648093198 11.5200165199
0.0088 10.508512499 11.3658073818
0.0089 10.368931801 11.2115982438
0.009 10.229351102 11.0573891057
0.0091 10.089770404 10.9031799676
0.0092 9.9501897052 10.7489708295
0.0093 9.8106090067 10.5947616915
0.0094 9.6710283081 10.4405525534
0.0095 9.5314476096 10.2863434153
0.0096 9.3918669111 10.1321342772
0.0097 9.2522862125 9.97792513914
0.0098 9.112705514 9.82371600106
0.0099 8.9731248154 9.66950686298
0.01 8.8335441169 9.51529772491
0.0101 8.6939634184 9.36108858683
0.0102 8.5543827198 9.20687944875
0.0103 8.4148020213 9.05267031067
0.0104 8.2752213227 8.89846117259
0.0105 8.1356406242 8.74425203452
0.0106 7.9960599257 8.59004289644
0.0107 7.8564792271 8.43583375836
0.0108 7.7168985286 8.28162462028
0.0109 7.57731783 8.1274154822
0.011 7.4377371315 7.97320634412
0.0111 7.298156433 7.81899720605
0.0112 7.1585757344 7.66478806797
0.0113 7.0189950359 7.51057892989
0.0114 6.8794143374 7.35636979181
0.0115 6.7398336388 7.20216065373
0.0116 6.6002529403 7.04795151566
0.0117 6.4606722417 6.89374237758
0.0118 6.3210915432 6.7395332395
0.0119 6.1815108447 6.58532410142
0.012 6.0419301461 6.43111496334
0.0121 5.9023494476 6.27690582526
0.0122 5.762768749 6.12269668719
0.0123 5.6231880505 5.96848754911
0.0124 5.483607352 5.81427841103
0.0125 5.3440266534 5.66006927295
0.0126 5.2044459549 5.50586013487
0.0127 5.0648652563 5.3516509968
0.0128 4.9252845578 5.19744185872
0.0129 4.7857038593 5.04323272064
0.013 4.6461231607 4.88902358256
0.0131 4.5065424622 4.73481444448
0.0132 4.3669617637 4.58060530641
0.0133 4.2273810651 4.42639616833
0.0134 4.0878003666 4.32091736412
0.0135 4 4.32091736412
0.0136 4 4.32091736412
0.0137 4 4.32091736412
0.0138 4 4.32091736412
0.0139 4 4.32091736412
0.014 4 4.32091736412
0.0141 4 4.32091736412
0.0142 4 4.32091736412
0.0143 4 4.32091736412
0.0144 4 4.32091736412
0.0145 4 4.32091736412
0.0146 4 4.32091736412
0.0147 4 4.32091736412
0.0148 4 4.32091736412
0.0149 4 4.32091736412
0.015 4 4.32091736412
0.0151 4 4.32091736412
0.0152 4 4.32091736412
0.0153 4 4.32091736412
0.0154 4 4.32091736412
0.0155 4 4.32091736412
0.0156 4 4.32091736412
0.0157 4 4.32091736412
0.0158 4 4.32091736412
0.0159 4 4.32091736412
0.016 4 4.32091736412
Stress Vs Strain
25
20

Stress
10
0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012
Strain

k 1.080229341 f'c 16
Zm 71.37796217 Ec 22360.68
Esec 4346.122
r 1.241256
Mander
x Stress (fc)
0.0194567814843102 2.16846392
0.0389135629686204 4.165157881
0.0583703444529305 5.979254682
0.0778271259372407 7.617116423
0.0972839074215509 9.090906417
0.116740688905861 10.41478634
0.136197470390171 11.6031717
0.155654251874481 12.66988239
0.175111033358792 13.62774545
0.194567814843102 14.48844002
0.214024596327412 15.26247383
0.233481377811722 15.95922937
0.252938159296032 16.58704458
0.272394940780343 17.15330791
0.291851722264653 17.66455617
0.311308503748963 18.12656898
0.330765285233273 18.54445658
0.350222066717583 18.92273967
0.369678848201894 19.2654208
0.389135629686204 19.57604773
0.408592411170514 19.85776917
0.428049192654824 20.11338367
0.447505974139134 20.34538231
0.466962755623444 20.55598601
0.486419537107754 20.74717799
0.505876318592065 20.92073217
0.525333100076375 21.07823778
0.544789881560685 21.22112097
0.564246663044995 21.35066357
0.583703444529305 21.46801957
0.603160226013615 21.57422948
0.622617007497925 21.67023295
0.642073788982236 21.75687979
0.661530570466546 21.83493973
0.680987351950856 21.90511096
0.700444133435166 21.96802766
0.719900914919476 22.02426666
0.739357696403786 22.07435331
0.758814477888096 22.11876672
0.778271259372407 22.15794435
0.797728040856717 22.19228616
0.817184822341027 22.22215819
0.836641603825337 22.2478959
0.856098385309648 22.26980701
0.875555166793958 22.28817414
0.895011948278268 22.30325708
0.914468729762578 22.31529494
0.933925511246889 22.32450797
0.953382292731199 22.33109925
0.972839074215509 22.33525623
0.992295855699819 22.33715204
1.01175263718413 22.33694676
1.03120941866844 22.33478853
1.05066620015275 22.33081453
1.07012298163706 22.32515191
1.08957976312137 22.3179186
1.10903654460568 22.30922408
1.12849332608999 22.29917003
1.1479501075743 22.28785098
1.16740688905861 22.27535486
1.18686367054292 22.26176352
1.20632045202723 22.24715317
1.22577723351154 22.23159486
1.24523401499585 22.21515483
1.26469079648016 22.19789488
1.28414757796447 22.17987272
1.30360435944878 22.16114223
1.32306114093309 22.14175377
1.3425179224174 22.12175444
1.36197470390171 22.10118828
1.38143148538602 22.0800965
1.40088826687033 22.0585177
1.42034504835464 22.03648802
1.43980182983895 22.01404133
1.45925861132326 21.99120937
1.47871539280758 21.96802192
1.49817217429189 21.94450689
1.5176289557762 21.9206905
1.53708573726051 21.89659732
1.55654251874482 21.87225046
1.57599930022913 21.8476716
1.59545608171344 21.82288111
1.61491286319775 21.79789814
1.63436964468206 21.77274068
1.65382642616637 21.74742564
1.67328320765068 21.72196893
1.69273998913499 21.6963855
1.7121967706193 21.67068943
1.73165355210361 21.64489393
1.75111033358792 21.61901147
1.77056711507223 21.59305376
1.79002389655654 21.56703181
1.80948067804085 21.54095601
1.82893745952516 21.51483611
1.84839424100947 21.4886813
1.86785102249378 21.46250022
1.88730780397809 21.43630102
1.9067645854624 21.41009136
1.92622136694671 21.38387843
1.94567814843102 21.35766902
1.96513492991533 21.3314695
1.98459171139964 21.30528588
2.00404849288395 21.27912381
2.02350527436826 21.25298858
2.04296205585257 21.22688519
2.06241883733688 21.20081832
2.08187561882119 21.17479239
2.1013324003055 21.14881154
2.12078918178981 21.12287964
2.14024596327412 21.09700035
2.15970274475843 21.07117709
2.17915952624274 21.04541307
2.19861630772705 21.0197113
2.21807308921136 20.99407459
2.23752987069567 20.96850558
2.25698665217998 20.94300673
2.27644343366429 20.91758036
2.2959002151486 20.89222861
2.31535699663291 20.86695348
2.33481377811722 20.84175686
2.35427055960153 20.81664049
2.37372734108584 20.79160597
2.39318412257015 20.76665482
2.41264090405446 20.74178842
2.43209768553877 20.71700807
2.45155446702308 20.69231495
2.47101124850739 20.66771016
2.4904680299917 20.64319471
2.50992481147601 20.61876953
2.52938159296032 20.59443545
2.54883837444463 20.57019326
2.56829515592894 20.54604363
2.58775193741325 20.52198722
2.60720871889756 20.49802458
2.62666550038187 20.47415623
2.64612228186618 20.4503826
2.66557906335049 20.4267041
2.6850358448348 20.40312106
2.70449262631911 20.37963379
2.72394940780342 20.35624254
2.74340618928773 20.33294749
2.76286297077204 20.30974883
2.78231975225635 20.28664667
2.80177653374066 20.26364111
2.82123331522497 20.24073218
2.84069009670928 20.21791992
2.86014687819359 20.19520431
2.8796036596779 20.1725853
2.89906044116221 20.15006283
2.91851722264652 20.1276368
2.93797400413083 20.10530709
2.95743078561514 20.08307355
2.97688756709945 20.06093602
2.99634434858376 20.0388943
3.01580113006807 20.01694819
3.03525791155238 19.99509746
3.05471469303669 19.97334186
3.074171474521 19.95168114
3.09362825600531 19.930115
3.11308503748962 19.90864317
Vs Strain
8 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018
Strain

0.3 0.28 0.26
0.3 2.3 2.26 2.22
0.28 2.27 2.27 2.2
0.26 2.19 X 2.19

0.24 2.1 X X
0.22 2.05 X X
0.2 1.97 X X
0.18 1.91 X X
0.16 1.83 X X
0.14 1.75 X X
0.12 1.67 X X
0.1 1.59 X X
0.08 1.49 X X
0.06 1.38 X X
0.04 1.25 X X
0.02 1.12 X X
0 1 X X


0.24 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06
2.2 2.16 2.1 2.05 2 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.71 1.65
2.16 2.13 2.1 2.04 2 1.94 1.89 1.8 1.71 1.62
2.15 2.1 2.05 2 1.97 1.91 1.87 1.79 1.7 1.61
2.1 2.08 2.03 2 1.96 1.9 1.83 1.78 1.7 1.6
X 2.05 2 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.81 1.75 1.69 1.6
X X 1.97 1.93 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.72 1.67 1.59
X X X 1.91 1.89 1.81 1.77 1.7 1.63 1.54
X X X X 1.83 1.8 1.75 1.69 1.6 1.51
X X X X X 1.75 1.7 1.67 1.59 1.5
X X X X X X 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.49
X X X X X X X 1.59 1.51 1.45
X X X X X X X X 1.49 1.41
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X


0.04 0.02 0
1.55 1.42 1.3
1.54 1.41 1.3
1.51 1.41 1.3
1.5 1.4 1.29
1.5 1.4 1.28
1.49 1.39 1.27
1.49 1.38 1.25
1.45 1.35 1.24
1.42 1.32 1.22
1.4 1.3 1.2
1.39 1.29 1.19
1.36 1.26 1.18
1.3 1.22 1.13
1.25 1.2 1.1
X 1.12 1.05
X X 1
1) Given Data

Spacing (s1) 90 mm
2) Geometry
300
600
X

value of c 0.85
Ash 100.48
ρx Ash/(d*S) 0.0050747475
ρy Ash/(b*S) 0.0026582011
ρs (ρx+ρy)/2 0.0038664743
Ke (nl-2)/nl * [1-s/bc] 0.4924242424
fsx Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρx / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fsy Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρy / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fx ρx*fsx 2.106020202
fy ρy*fsy 1.1031534392
fxc kefx 1.0370554025
fyc kefy 0.5432194966



εcc = ε0(1+5(f'cc/cf'c-1))
ε0=0.002

εcu=0.004+fmin/4f'c 0.0107902437
fmin=min(fxc,fyc)
Kent & Park Model :
ε50h 0.004533843
ε50u 0.0046304714
Z 69.790349269
0.0001 1.95 1.95371353276
0.0002 3.8 3.81485413106
0.0003 5.55 5.58342179488
0.0004 7.2 7.25941652424
0.0005 8.75 8.84283831912
0.0006 10.2 10.3336871795
0.0007 11.55 11.7319631055
0.0008 12.8 13.037666097
0.0009 13.95 14.250796154
0.001 15 15.3713532765
0.0011 15.95 16.3993374645
0.0012 16.8 17.3347487181
0.0013 17.55 18.1775870373
0.0014 18.2 18.9278524219
0.0015 18.75 19.5855448721
0.0016 19.2 20.1506643878
0.0017 19.55 20.623210969
0.0018 19.8 21.0031846158
0.0019 19.95 21.2905853281
0.002 20 21.4854131059
0.0021 19.860419301 21.5876679493
0.0022 19.720838603 21.543610495
0.0023 19.581257904 21.3894013569
0.0024 19.441677206 21.2351922188
0.0025 19.302096507 21.0809830808
0.0026 19.162515809 20.9267739427
0.0027 19.02293511 20.7725648046
0.0028 18.883354412 20.6183556665
0.0029 18.743773713 20.4641465285
0.003 18.604193015 20.3099373904
0.0031 18.464612316 20.1557282523
0.0032 18.325031618 20.0015191142
0.0033 18.185450919 19.8473099761
0.0034 18.04587022 19.6931008381
0.0035 17.906289522 19.5388917
0.0036 17.766708823 19.3846825619
0.0037 17.627128125 19.2304734238
0.0038 17.487547426 19.0762642858
0.0039 17.347966728 18.9220551477
0.004 17.208386029 18.7678460096
0.0041 17.068805331 18.6136368715
0.0042 16.929224632 18.4594277334
0.0043 16.789643934 18.3052185954
0.0044 16.650063235 18.1510094573
0.0045 16.510482537 17.9968003192
0.0046 16.370901838 17.8425911811
0.0047 16.231321139 17.6883820431
0.0048 16.091740441 17.534172905
0.0049 15.952159742 17.3799637669
0.005 15.812579044 17.2257546288
0.0051 15.672998345 17.0715454907
0.0052 15.533417647 16.9173363527
0.0053 15.393836948 16.7631272146
0.0054 15.25425625 16.6089180765
0.0055 15.114675551 16.4547089384
0.0056 14.975094853 16.3004998003
0.0057 14.835514154 16.1462906623
0.0058 14.695933456 15.9920815242
0.0059 14.556352757 15.8378723861
0.006 14.416772058 15.683663248
0.0061 14.27719136 15.52945411
0.0062 14.137610661 15.3752449719
0.0063 13.998029963 15.2210358338
0.0064 13.858449264 15.0668266957
0.0065 13.718868566 14.9126175576
0.0066 13.579287867 14.7584084196
0.0067 13.439707169 14.6041992815
0.00680000000000001 13.30012647 14.4499901434
0.00690000000000001 13.160545772 14.2957810053
0.00700000000000001 13.020965073 14.1415718673
0.00710000000000001 12.881384375 13.9873627292
0.00720000000000001 12.741803676 13.8331535911
0.00730000000000001 12.602222977 13.678944453
0.00740000000000001 12.462642279 13.5247353149
0.00750000000000001 12.32306158 13.3705261769
0.00760000000000001 12.183480882 13.2163170388
0.00770000000000001 12.043900183 13.0621079007
0.00780000000000001 11.904319485 12.9078987626
0.00790000000000001 11.764738786 12.7536896245
0.00800000000000001 11.625158088 12.5994804865
0.00810000000000001 11.485577389 12.4452713484
0.00820000000000001 11.345996691 12.2910622103
0.00830000000000001 11.206415992 12.1368530722
0.00840000000000001 11.066835294 11.9826439342
0.0085 10.927254595 11.8284347961
0.0086 10.787673896 11.674225658
0.0087 10.648093198 11.5200165199
0.0088 10.508512499 11.3658073818
0.0089 10.368931801 11.2115982438
0.009 10.229351102 11.0573891057
0.0091 10.089770404 10.9031799676
0.0092 9.9501897052 10.7489708295
0.0093 9.8106090067 10.5947616915
0.0094 9.6710283081 10.4405525534
0.0095 9.5314476096 10.2863434153
0.0096 9.3918669111 10.1321342772
0.0097 9.2522862125 9.97792513914
0.0098 9.112705514 9.82371600106
0.0099 8.9731248154 9.66950686298
0.01 8.8335441169 9.51529772491
0.0101 8.6939634184 9.36108858683
0.0102 8.5543827198 9.20687944875
0.0103 8.4148020213 9.05267031067
0.0104 8.2752213227 8.89846117259
0.0105 8.1356406242 8.74425203452
0.0106 7.9960599257 8.59004289644
0.0107 7.8564792271 8.43583375836
0.0108 7.7168985286 8.28162462028
0.0109 7.57731783 8.1274154822
0.011 7.4377371315 7.97320634412
0.0111 7.298156433 7.81899720605
0.0112 7.1585757344 7.66478806797
0.0113 7.0189950359 7.51057892989
0.0114 6.8794143374 7.35636979181
0.0115 6.7398336388 7.20216065373
0.0116 6.6002529403 7.04795151566
0.0117 6.4606722417 6.89374237758
0.0118 6.3210915432 6.7395332395
0.0119 6.1815108447 6.58532410142
0.012 6.0419301461 6.43111496334
0.0121 5.9023494476 6.27690582526
0.0122 5.762768749 6.12269668719
0.0123 5.6231880505 5.96848754911
0.0124 5.483607352 5.81427841103
0.0125 5.3440266534 5.66006927295
0.0126 5.2044459549 5.50586013487
0.0127 5.0648652563 5.3516509968
0.0128 4.9252845578 5.19744185872
0.0129 4.7857038593 5.04323272064
0.013 4.6461231607 4.88902358256
0.0131 4.5065424622 4.73481444448
0.0132 4.3669617637 4.58060530641
0.0133 4.2273810651 4.42639616833
0.0134 4.0878003666 4.32091736412
0.0135 4 4.32091736412
0.0136 4 4.32091736412
0.0137 4 4.32091736412
0.0138 4 4.32091736412
0.0139 4 4.32091736412
0.014 4 4.32091736412
0.0141 4 4.32091736412
0.0142 4 4.32091736412
0.0143 4 4.32091736412
0.0144 4 4.32091736412
0.0145 4 4.32091736412
0.0146 4 4.32091736412
0.0147 4 4.32091736412
0.0148 4 4.32091736412
0.0149 4 4.32091736412
0.015 4 4.32091736412
0.0151 4 4.32091736412
0.0152 4 4.32091736412
0.0153 4 4.32091736412
0.0154 4 4.32091736412
0.0155 4 4.32091736412
0.0156 4 4.32091736412
0.0157 4 4.32091736412
0.0158 4 4.32091736412
0.0159 4 4.32091736412
0.016 4 4.32091736412
Stress Vs Strain
25
20

Stress
10
0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012
Strain

k 1.080229341 f'c 16
Zm 71.37796217 Ec 22360.68
Esec 4282.724
r 1.236903
Mander
x Stress (fc)
0.0189906147398083 2.168111554
0.0379812294796167 4.164487076
0.056971844219425 5.978878485
0.0759624589592333 7.617877368
0.0949530736990416 9.093699371
0.11394368843885 10.42046423
0.132934303178658 11.61249848
0.151924917918467 12.68351357
0.170915532658275 13.64622454
0.189906147398083 14.51220369
0.208896762137892 15.29186149
0.2278873768777 15.99449448
0.246877991617508 16.62836634
0.265868606357317 17.20080235
0.284859221097125 17.71828629
0.303849835836933 18.18655376
0.322840450576742 18.61067888
0.34183106531655 18.99515299
0.360821680056358 19.34395507
0.379812294796167 19.66061415
0.398802909535975 19.94826436
0.417793524275783 20.20969303
0.436784139015592 20.44738293
0.4557747537554 20.66354897
0.474765368495208 20.86017035
0.493755983235016 21.03901851
0.512746597974825 21.20168154
0.531737212714633 21.34958548
0.550727827454441 21.48401291
0.56971844219425 21.60611924
0.588709056934058 21.71694695
0.607699671673866 21.81743804
0.626690286413674 21.90844503
0.645680901153483 21.99074061
0.664671515893291 22.06502605
0.683662130633099 22.13193878
0.702652745372908 22.19205893
0.721643360112716 22.2459152
0.740633974852524 22.29399006
0.759624589592333 22.33672431
0.778615204332141 22.3745212
0.797605819071949 22.40775005
0.816596433811758 22.43674951
0.835587048551566 22.46183043
0.854577663291374 22.48327846
0.873568278031183 22.50135639
0.892558892770991 22.5163062
0.9115495075108 22.52835095
0.930540122250608 22.53769641
0.949530736990416 22.54453266
0.968521351730225 22.54903537
0.987511966470033 22.55136706
1.00650258120984 22.55167822
1.02549319594965 22.55010831
1.04448381068946 22.54678668
1.06347442542927 22.54183336
1.08246504016908 22.53535987
1.10145565490888 22.52746985
1.12044626964869 22.51825972
1.1394368843885 22.50781921
1.15842749912831 22.49623191
1.17741811386812 22.48357572
1.19640872860793 22.46992331
1.21539934334773 22.45534246
1.23438995808754 22.43989648
1.25338057282735 22.42364451
1.27237118756716 22.40664181
1.29136180230697 22.38894009
1.31035241704678 22.37058772
1.32934303178658 22.35162996
1.34833364652639 22.33210923
1.3673242612662 22.31206526
1.38631487600601 22.2915353
1.40530549074582 22.27055427
1.42429610548563 22.24915495
1.44328672022543 22.22736808
1.46227733496524 22.20522253
1.48126794970505 22.18274543
1.50025856444486 22.15996224
1.51924917918467 22.13689691
1.53823979392448 22.11357193
1.55723040866428 22.09000849
1.57622102340409 22.06622647
1.5952116381439 22.0422446
1.61420225288371 22.01808052
1.63319286762352 21.9937508
1.65218348236332 21.96927107
1.67117409710313 21.94465602
1.69016471184294 21.91991952
1.70915532658275 21.8950746
1.72814594132256 21.87013355
1.74713655606237 21.84510795
1.76612717080217 21.82000872
1.78511778554198 21.79484612
1.80410840028179 21.76962986
1.8230990150216 21.74436907
1.84208962976141 21.71907235
1.86108024450122 21.69374781
1.88007085924102 21.66840311
1.89906147398083 21.64304544
1.91805208872064 21.61768161
1.93704270346045 21.592318
1.95603331820026 21.56696066
1.97502393294006 21.54161526
1.99401454767987 21.51628716
2.01300516241968 21.4909814
2.03199577715949 21.46570273
2.0509863918993 21.44045561
2.06997700663911 21.41524426
2.08896762137891 21.39007264
2.10795823611872 21.36494447
2.12694885085853 21.33986325
2.14593946559834 21.31483227
2.16493008033815 21.28985464
2.18392069507796 21.26493324
2.20291130981776 21.24007082
2.22190192455757 21.21526992
2.24089253929738 21.19053295
2.25988315403719 21.16586216
2.278873768777 21.14125963
2.2978643835168 21.11672735
2.31685499825661 21.09226715
2.33584561299642 21.06788074
2.35483622773623 21.04356972
2.37382684247604 21.01933559
2.39281745721585 20.99517974
2.41180807195565 20.97110344
2.43079868669546 20.94710789
2.44978930143527 20.9231942
2.46877991617508 20.89936338
2.48777053091489 20.87561639
2.50676114565469 20.85195407
2.5257517603945 20.82837724
2.54474237513431 20.8048866
2.56373298987412 20.78148283
2.58272360461393 20.75816652
2.60171421935374 20.73493821
2.62070483409354 20.71179839
2.63969544883335 20.68874749
2.65868606357316 20.6657859
2.67767667831297 20.64291395
2.69666729305278 20.62013193
2.71565790779258 20.59744009
2.73464852253239 20.57483865
2.7536391372722 20.55232776
2.77262975201201 20.52990758
2.79162036675182 20.5075782
2.81061098149163 20.48533969
2.82960159623143 20.46319208
2.84859221097124 20.44113539
2.86758282571105 20.41916959
2.88657344045086 20.39729465
2.90556405519067 20.37551048
2.92455466993047 20.35381701
2.94354528467028 20.33221411
2.96253589941009 20.31070164
2.9815265141499 20.28927946
3.00051712888971 20.26794738
3.01950774362952 20.24670522
3.03849835836932 20.22555276
Vs Strain
8 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018
Strain

0.3 0.28 0.26
0.3 2.3 2.26 2.22
0.28 2.27 2.27 2.2
0.26 2.19 X 2.19

0.24 2.1 X X
0.22 2.05 X X
0.2 1.97 X X
0.18 1.91 X X
0.16 1.83 X X
0.14 1.75 X X
0.12 1.67 X X
0.1 1.59 X X
0.08 1.49 X X
0.06 1.38 X X
0.04 1.25 X X
0.02 1.12 X X
0 1 X X


0.24 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06
2.2 2.16 2.1 2.05 2 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.71 1.65
2.16 2.13 2.1 2.04 2 1.94 1.89 1.8 1.71 1.62
2.15 2.1 2.05 2 1.97 1.91 1.87 1.79 1.7 1.61
2.1 2.08 2.03 2 1.96 1.9 1.83 1.78 1.7 1.6
X 2.05 2 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.81 1.75 1.69 1.6
X X 1.97 1.93 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.72 1.67 1.59
X X X 1.91 1.89 1.81 1.77 1.7 1.63 1.54
X X X X 1.83 1.8 1.75 1.69 1.6 1.51
X X X X X 1.75 1.7 1.67 1.59 1.5
X X X X X X 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.49
X X X X X X X 1.59 1.51 1.45
X X X X X X X X 1.49 1.41
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X


0.04 0.02 0
1.55 1.42 1.3
1.54 1.41 1.3
1.51 1.41 1.3
1.5 1.4 1.29
1.5 1.4 1.28
1.49 1.39 1.27
1.49 1.38 1.25
1.45 1.35 1.24
1.42 1.32 1.22
1.4 1.3 1.2
1.39 1.29 1.19
1.36 1.26 1.18
1.3 1.22 1.13
1.25 1.2 1.1
X 1.12 1.05
X X 1
1) Given Data

Spacing (s1) 75 mm
2) Geometry
300
600
X

value of c 0.85
Ash 100.48
ρx Ash/(d*S) 0.006089697
ρy Ash/(b*S) 0.0031898413
ρs (ρx+ρy)/2 0.0046397691
Ke (nl-2)/nl * [1-s/bc] 0.3295454545
fsx Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρx / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fsy Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρy / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fx ρx*fsx 2.5272242424
fy ρy*fsy 1.323784127
fxc kefx 0.8328352617
fyc kefy 0.4362470418



εcc = ε0(1+5(f'cc/cf'c-1))
ε0=0.002

εcu=0.004+fmin/4f'c 0.009453088
fmin=min(fxc,fyc)
Kent & Park Model :
ε50h 0.0059598913
ε50u 0.0046304714
Z 58.20475991
0.0001 1.95 1.95439101461
0.0002 3.8 3.81756405845
0.0003 5.55 5.5895191315
0.0004 7.2 7.27025623378
0.0005 8.75 8.85977536528
0.0006 10.2 10.358076526
0.0007 11.55 11.765159716
0.0008 12.8 13.0810249351
0.0009 13.95 14.3056721835
0.001 15 15.4391014611
0.0011 15.95 16.481312768
0.0012 16.8 17.432306104
0.0013 17.55 18.2920814693
0.0014 18.2 19.0606388638
0.0015 18.75 19.7379782875
0.0016 19.2 20.3240997405
0.0017 19.55 20.8190032227
0.0018 19.8 21.2226887341
0.0019 19.95 21.5351562747
0.002 20 21.7564058445
0.0021 19.88359048 21.8864374436
0.0022 19.76718096 21.9157805635
0.0023 19.650771441 21.7852548262
0.0024 19.534361921 21.6547290889
0.0025 19.417952401 21.5242033515
0.0026 19.301542881 21.3936776142
0.0027 19.185133361 21.2631518769
0.0028 19.068723841 21.1326261396
0.0029 18.952314322 21.0021004023
0.003 18.835904802 20.871574665
0.0031 18.719495282 20.7410489277
0.0032 18.603085762 20.6105231904
0.0033 18.486676242 20.479997453
0.0034 18.370266723 20.3494717157
0.0035 18.253857203 20.2189459784
0.0036 18.137447683 20.0884202411
0.0037 18.021038163 19.9578945038
0.0038 17.904628643 19.8273687665
0.0039 17.788219123 19.6968430292
0.004 17.671809604 19.5663172919
0.0041 17.555400084 19.4357915545
0.0042 17.438990564 19.3052658172
0.0043 17.322581044 19.1747400799
0.0044 17.206171524 19.0442143426
0.0045 17.089762005 18.9136886053
0.0046 16.973352485 18.783162868
0.0047 16.856942965 18.6526371307
0.0048 16.740533445 18.5221113933
0.0049 16.624123925 18.391585656
0.005 16.507714405 18.2610599187
0.0051 16.391304886 18.1305341814
0.0052 16.274895366 18.0000084441
0.0053 16.158485846 17.8694827068
0.0054 16.042076326 17.7389569695
0.0055 15.925666806 17.6084312322
0.0056 15.809257287 17.4779054948
0.0057 15.692847767 17.3473797575
0.0058 15.576438247 17.2168540202
0.0059 15.460028727 17.0863282829
0.006 15.343619207 16.9558025456
0.0061 15.227209687 16.8252768083
0.0062 15.110800168 16.694751071
0.0063 14.994390648 16.5642253337
0.0064 14.877981128 16.4336995963
0.0065 14.761571608 16.303173859
0.0066 14.645162088 16.1726481217
0.0067 14.528752568 16.0421223844
0.00680000000000001 14.412343049 15.9115966471
0.00690000000000001 14.295933529 15.7810709098
0.00700000000000001 14.179524009 15.6505451725
0.00710000000000001 14.063114489 15.5200194351
0.00720000000000001 13.946704969 15.3894936978
0.00730000000000001 13.83029545 15.2589679605
0.00740000000000001 13.71388593 15.1284422232
0.00750000000000001 13.59747641 14.9979164859
0.00760000000000001 13.48106689 14.8673907486
0.00770000000000001 13.36465737 14.7368650113
0.00780000000000001 13.24824785 14.606339274
0.00790000000000001 13.131838331 14.4758135366
0.00800000000000001 13.015428811 14.3452877993
0.00810000000000001 12.899019291 14.214762062
0.00820000000000001 12.782609771 14.0842363247
0.00830000000000001 12.666200251 13.9537105874
0.00840000000000001 12.549790732 13.8231848501
0.0085 12.433381212 13.6926591128
0.0086 12.316971692 13.5621333755
0.0087 12.200562172 13.4316076381
0.0088 12.084152652 13.3010819008
0.0089 11.967743132 13.1705561635
0.009 11.851333613 13.0400304262
0.0091 11.734924093 12.9095046889
0.0092 11.618514573 12.7789789516
0.0093 11.502105053 12.6484532143
0.0094 11.385695533 12.517927477
0.0095 11.269286014 12.3874017396
0.0096 11.152876494 12.2568760023
0.0097 11.036466974 12.126350265
0.0098 10.920057454 11.9958245277
0.0099 10.803647934 11.8652987904
0.01 10.687238414 11.7347730531
0.0101 10.570828895 11.6042473158
0.0102 10.454419375 11.4737215784
0.0103 10.338009855 11.3431958411
0.0104 10.221600335 11.2126701038
0.0105 10.105190815 11.0821443665
0.0106 9.9887812955 10.9516186292
0.0107 9.8723717757 10.8210928919
0.0108 9.7559622559 10.6905671546
0.0109 9.6395527361 10.5600414173
0.011 9.5231432163 10.4295156799
0.0111 9.4067336965 10.2989899426
0.0112 9.2903241766 10.1684642053
0.0113 9.1739146568 10.037938468
0.0114 9.057505137 9.90741273069
0.0115 8.9410956172 9.77688699338
0.0116 8.8246860974 9.64636125606
0.0117 8.7082765775 9.51583551875
0.0118 8.5918670577 9.38530978144
0.0119 8.4754575379 9.25478404413
0.012 8.3590480181 9.12425830681
0.0121 8.2426384983 8.9937325695
0.0122 8.1262289784 8.86320683219
0.0123 8.0098194586 8.73268109487
0.0124 7.8934099388 8.60215535756
0.0125 7.777000419 8.47162962025
0.0126 7.6605908992 8.34110388293
0.0127 7.5441813793 8.21057814562
0.0128 7.4277718595 8.08005240831
0.0129 7.3113623397 7.949526671
0.013 7.1949528199 7.81900093368
0.0131 7.0785433001 7.68847519637
0.0132 6.9621337803 7.55794945906
0.0133 6.8457242604 7.42742372174
0.0134 6.7293147406 7.29689798443
0.0135 6.6129052208 7.16637224712
0.0136 6.496495701 7.0358465098
0.0137 6.3800861812 6.90532077249
0.0138 6.2636766613 6.77479503518
0.0139 6.1472671415 6.64426929787
0.014 6.0308576217 6.51374356055
0.0141 5.9144481019 6.38321782324
0.0142 5.7980385821 6.25269208593
0.0143 5.6816290622 6.12216634861
0.0144 5.5652195424 5.9916406113
0.0145 5.4488100226 5.86111487399
0.0146 5.3324005028 5.73058913667
0.0147 5.215990983 5.60006339936
0.0148 5.0995814631 5.46953766205
0.0149 4.9831719433 5.33901192474
0.015 4.8667624235 5.20848618742
0.0151 4.7503529037 5.07796045011
0.0152 4.6339433839 4.9474347128
0.0153 4.517533864 4.81690897548
0.0154 4.4011243442 4.68638323817
0.0155 4.2847148244 4.55585750086
0.0156 4.1683053046 4.42533176354
0.0157 4.0518957848 4.38510083694
0.0158 4 4.38510083694
0.0159 4 4.38510083694
0.016 4 4.38510083694
0.0161 4 4.38510083694
0.0162 4 4.38510083694
0.0163 4 4.38510083694
0.0164 4 4.38510083694
0.0165 4 4.38510083694
0.0166 4 4.38510083694
0.0167 4 4.38510083694
0.0168 4 4.38510083694
0.0169 4 4.38510083694
0.017 4 4.38510083694
0.0171 4 4.38510083694
0.0172 4 4.38510083694
0.0173 4 4.38510083694
0.0174 4 4.38510083694
0.0175 4 4.38510083694
0.0176 4 4.38510083694
0.0177 4 4.38510083694
0.0177999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0178999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0179999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0180999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0181999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0182999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0183999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0184999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0185999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0186999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0187999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0188999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0189999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0190999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0191999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0192999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0193999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0194999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0195999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0196999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0197999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0198999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0199999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0200999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0201999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0202999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0203999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0204999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0205999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0206999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0207999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0208999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0209999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0210999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0211999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0212999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0213999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0214999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0215999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0216999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0217999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0218999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0219999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0220999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0221999999999999 4 4.38510083694
Stress Vs Strain
25

20
15
Stress
10
Strain
0
0 0.005 0.01
Kent & Park Modified K

k 1.096275209 f'c 16
Zm 59.53146446 Ec 22360.68
Esec 4345.123
r 1.241187
Mander
x Stress (fc)
0.0194494364144671 2.168458162
0.0388988728289342 4.165146413
0.0583483092434014 5.979246752
0.0777977456578685 7.617125008
0.0972471820723356 9.090945414
0.116696618486803 10.41486906
0.13614605490127 11.60331011
0.155595491315737 12.6700868
0.175044927730204 13.62802441
0.194494364144671 14.48880043
0.213943800559138 15.26292108
0.233393236973605 15.95976749
0.252842673388073 16.58767644
0.27229210980254 17.1540354
0.291741546217007 17.66538033
0.311190982631474 18.12749015
0.330640419045941 18.54547455
0.350089855460408 18.92385375
0.369539291874875 19.26662994
0.388988728289342 19.57735059
0.40843816470381 19.85916416
0.427887601118277 20.11486903
0.447337037532744 20.34695614
0.466786473947211 20.55764632
0.486235910361678 20.74892274
0.505685346776145 20.92255925
0.525134783190612 21.08014508
0.544584219605079 21.22310636
0.564033656019546 21.35272496
0.583483092434013 21.47015486
0.60293252884848 21.57643663
0.622381965262947 21.67250992
0.641831401677415 21.7592246
0.661280838091882 21.83735045
0.680730274506349 21.90758571
0.700179710920816 21.97056459
0.719629147335283 22.02686398
0.73907858374975 22.0770093
0.758528020164217 22.12147969
0.777977456578684 22.16071267
0.797426892993151 22.19510825
0.816876329407619 22.22503252
0.836325765822086 22.250821
0.855775202236553 22.27278144
0.87522463865102 22.29119651
0.894674075065487 22.30632606
0.914123511479954 22.31840924
0.933572947894422 22.32766634
0.953022384308889 22.33430049
0.972471820723356 22.33849916
0.991921257137823 22.34043554
1.01137069355229 22.34026974
1.03082012996676 22.33814994
1.05026956638122 22.33421335
1.06971900279569 22.32858716
1.08916843921016 22.32138933
1.10861787562463 22.31272936
1.12806731203909 22.30270899
1.14751674845356 22.29142276
1.16696618486803 22.27895863
1.18641562128249 22.26539847
1.20586505769696 22.25081852
1.22531449411143 22.23528987
1.2447639305259 22.21887876
1.26421336694036 22.20164704
1.28366280335483 22.18365242
1.3031122397693 22.16494881
1.32256167618376 22.14558659
1.34201111259823 22.12561289
1.3614605490127 22.10507175
1.38090998542717 22.08400441
1.40035942184163 22.06244949
1.4198088582561 22.04044314
1.43925829467057 22.01801925
1.45870773108504 21.99520958
1.4781571674995 21.97204391
1.49760660391397 21.94855019
1.51705604032844 21.92475462
1.5365054767429 21.90068182
1.55595491315737 21.87635489
1.57540434957184 21.85179553
1.5948537859863 21.82702413
1.61430322240077 21.80205984
1.63375265881524 21.77692066
1.65320209522971 21.75162352
1.67265153164417 21.72618434
1.69210096805864 21.70061808
1.71155040447311 21.67493881
1.73099984088757 21.64915979
1.75044927730204 21.62329346
1.76989871371651 21.59735155
1.78934815013097 21.5713451
1.80879758654544 21.54528448
1.82824702295991 21.51917947
1.84769645937438 21.49303925
1.86714589578884 21.46687249
1.88659533220331 21.44068732
1.90604476861778 21.41449141
1.92549420503224 21.38829198
1.94494364144671 21.36209581
1.96439307786118 21.33590929
1.98384251427564 21.30973842
2.00329195069011 21.28358885
2.02274138710458 21.2574659
2.04219082351905 21.23137456
2.06164025993351 21.20531953
2.08108969634798 21.17930521
2.10053913276245 21.15333576
2.11998856917691 21.12741507
2.13943800559138 21.10154678
2.15888744200585 21.07573432
2.17833687842031 21.04998091
2.19778631483478 21.02428956
2.21723575124925 20.99866309
2.23668518766372 20.97310415
2.25613462407818 20.94761519
2.27558406049265 20.92219854
2.29503349690712 20.89685634
2.31448293332158 20.87159061
2.33393236973605 20.84640322
2.35338180615052 20.82129592
2.37283124256498 20.79627033
2.39228067897945 20.77132795
2.41173011539392 20.74647018
2.43117955180839 20.72169831
2.45062898822285 20.69701354
2.47007842463732 20.67241697
2.48952786105179 20.64790959
2.50897729746625 20.62349236
2.52842673388072 20.5991661
2.54787617029519 20.57493159
2.56732560670965 20.55078954
2.58677504312412 20.52674058
2.60622447953859 20.50278527
2.62567391595306 20.47892413
2.64512335236752 20.4551576
2.66457278878199 20.43148609
2.68402222519646 20.40790994
2.70347166161092 20.38442945
2.72292109802539 20.36104487
2.74237053443986 20.33775639
2.76181997085432 20.3145642
2.78126940726879 20.29146841
2.80071884368326 20.26846912
2.82016828009773 20.24556638
2.83961771651219 20.2227602
2.85906715292666 20.20005059
2.87851658934113 20.17743749
2.89796602575559 20.15492084
2.91741546217006 20.13250054
2.93686489858453 20.11017648
2.95631433499899 20.08794851
2.97576377141346 20.06581646
2.99521320782793 20.04378015
3.0146626442424 20.02183937
3.03411208065686 19.99999389
3.05356151707133 19.97824346
3.0730109534858 19.95658784
3.09246038990026 19.93502673
3.11190982631473 19.91355986
3.1313592627292 19.89218691
3.15080869914366 19.87090757
3.17025813555813 19.84972151
3.1897075719726 19.82862838
3.20915700838707 19.80762784
3.22860644480153 19.78671951
3.248055881216 19.76590304
3.26750531763047 19.74517803
3.28695475404493 19.7245441
3.3064041904594 19.70400085
3.32585362687387 19.68354788
3.34530306328833 19.66318477
3.3647524997028 19.64291112
3.38420193611727 19.6227265
3.40365137253174 19.60263048
3.4231008089462 19.58262263
3.44255024536067 19.56270251
3.46199968177514 19.54286969
3.4814491181896 19.52312372
3.50089855460407 19.50346415
3.52034799101854 19.48389053
3.539797427433 19.46440241
3.55924686384747 19.44499934
3.57869630026194 19.42568085
3.59814573667641 19.40644649
3.61759517309087 19.38729579
3.63704460950534 19.3682283
3.65649404591981 19.34924355
3.67594348233427 19.33034108
3.69539291874874 19.31152042
3.71484235516321 19.29278111
3.73429179157767 19.27412268
3.75374122799214 19.25554467
3.77319066440661 19.23704661
3.79264010082108 19.21862804
3.81208953723554 19.20028849
3.83153897365001 19.18202749
3.85098841006448 19.16384459
3.87043784647894 19.14573931
3.88988728289341 19.12771121
3.90933671930788 19.10975981
3.92878615572234 19.09188466
3.94823559213681 19.0740853
3.96768502855128 19.05636127
3.98713446496575 19.03871211
4.00658390138021 19.02113738
4.02603333779468 19.00363661
4.04548277420915 18.98620936
4.06493221062361 18.96885518
4.08438164703808 18.95157361
4.10383108345255 18.93436422
4.12328051986702 18.91722656
4.14272995628148 18.90016018
4.16217939269595 18.88316465
4.18162882911042 18.86623954
4.20107826552488 18.84938439
4.22052770193935 18.83259878
4.23997713835382 18.81588229
4.25942657476828 18.79923447
4.27887601118275 18.7826549
4.29832544759722 18.76614317
4.31777488401168 18.74969883
Stress Vs Strain
Strain
0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
Kent & Park Modified Kent & Park Mander

0.3 0.28 0.26
0.3 2.3 2.26 2.22
0.28 2.27 2.27 2.2
0.26 2.19 X 2.19

0.24 2.1 X X
0.22 2.05 X X
0.2 1.97 X X
0.18 1.91 X X
0.16 1.83 X X
0.14 1.75 X X
0.12 1.67 X X
0.1 1.59 X X
0.08 1.49 X X
0.06 1.38 X X
0.04 1.25 X X
0.02 1.12 X X
0 1 X X


0.24 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06
2.2 2.16 2.1 2.05 2 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.71 1.65
2.16 2.13 2.1 2.04 2 1.94 1.89 1.8 1.71 1.62
2.15 2.1 2.05 2 1.97 1.91 1.87 1.79 1.7 1.61
2.1 2.08 2.03 2 1.96 1.9 1.83 1.78 1.7 1.6
X 2.05 2 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.81 1.75 1.69 1.6
X X 1.97 1.93 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.72 1.67 1.59
X X X 1.91 1.89 1.81 1.77 1.7 1.63 1.54
X X X X 1.83 1.8 1.75 1.69 1.6 1.51
X X X X X 1.75 1.7 1.67 1.59 1.5
X X X X X X 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.49
X X X X X X X 1.59 1.51 1.45
X X X X X X X X 1.49 1.41
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X


0.04 0.02 0
1.55 1.42 1.3
1.54 1.41 1.3
1.51 1.41 1.3
1.5 1.4 1.29
1.5 1.4 1.28
1.49 1.39 1.27
1.49 1.38 1.25
1.45 1.35 1.24
1.42 1.32 1.22
1.4 1.3 1.2
1.39 1.29 1.19
1.36 1.26 1.18
1.3 1.22 1.13
1.25 1.2 1.1
X 1.12 1.05
X X 1
1) Given Data

Spacing (s1) 75 mm
2) Geometry
300
600
X

value of c 0.85
Ash 100.48
ρx Ash/(d*S) 0.006089697
ρy Ash/(b*S) 0.0031898413
ρs (ρx+ρy)/2 0.0046397691
Ke (nl-2)/nl * [1-s/bc] 0.4943181818
fsx Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρx / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fsy Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρy / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fx ρx*fsx 2.5272242424
fy ρy*fsy 1.323784127
fxc kefx 1.2492528926
fyc kefy 0.6543705628



εcc = ε0(1+5(f'cc/cf'c-1))
ε0=0.002

εcu=0.004+fmin/4f'c 0.012179632
fmin=min(fxc,fyc)
Kent & Park Model :
ε50h 0.0059598913
ε50u 0.0046304714
Z 58.20475991
0.0001 1.95 1.95439101461
0.0002 3.8 3.81756405845
0.0003 5.55 5.5895191315
0.0004 7.2 7.27025623378
0.0005 8.75 8.85977536528
0.0006 10.2 10.358076526
0.0007 11.55 11.765159716
0.0008 12.8 13.0810249351
0.0009 13.95 14.3056721835
0.001 15 15.4391014611
0.0011 15.95 16.481312768
0.0012 16.8 17.432306104
0.0013 17.55 18.2920814693
0.0014 18.2 19.0606388638
0.0015 18.75 19.7379782875
0.0016 19.2 20.3240997405
0.0017 19.55 20.8190032227
0.0018 19.8 21.2226887341
0.0019 19.95 21.5351562747
0.002 20 21.7564058445
0.0021 19.88359048 21.8864374436
0.0022 19.76718096 21.9157805635
0.0023 19.650771441 21.7852548262
0.0024 19.534361921 21.6547290889
0.0025 19.417952401 21.5242033515
0.0026 19.301542881 21.3936776142
0.0027 19.185133361 21.2631518769
0.0028 19.068723841 21.1326261396
0.0029 18.952314322 21.0021004023
0.003 18.835904802 20.871574665
0.0031 18.719495282 20.7410489277
0.0032 18.603085762 20.6105231904
0.0033 18.486676242 20.479997453
0.0034 18.370266723 20.3494717157
0.0035 18.253857203 20.2189459784
0.0036 18.137447683 20.0884202411
0.0037 18.021038163 19.9578945038
0.0038 17.904628643 19.8273687665
0.0039 17.788219123 19.6968430292
0.004 17.671809604 19.5663172919
0.0041 17.555400084 19.4357915545
0.0042 17.438990564 19.3052658172
0.0043 17.322581044 19.1747400799
0.0044 17.206171524 19.0442143426
0.0045 17.089762005 18.9136886053
0.0046 16.973352485 18.783162868
0.0047 16.856942965 18.6526371307
0.0048 16.740533445 18.5221113933
0.0049 16.624123925 18.391585656
0.005 16.507714405 18.2610599187
0.0051 16.391304886 18.1305341814
0.0052 16.274895366 18.0000084441
0.0053 16.158485846 17.8694827068
0.0054 16.042076326 17.7389569695
0.0055 15.925666806 17.6084312322
0.0056 15.809257287 17.4779054948
0.0057 15.692847767 17.3473797575
0.0058 15.576438247 17.2168540202
0.0059 15.460028727 17.0863282829
0.006 15.343619207 16.9558025456
0.0061 15.227209687 16.8252768083
0.0062 15.110800168 16.694751071
0.0063 14.994390648 16.5642253337
0.0064 14.877981128 16.4336995963
0.0065 14.761571608 16.303173859
0.0066 14.645162088 16.1726481217
0.0067 14.528752568 16.0421223844
0.00680000000000001 14.412343049 15.9115966471
0.00690000000000001 14.295933529 15.7810709098
0.00700000000000001 14.179524009 15.6505451725
0.00710000000000001 14.063114489 15.5200194351
0.00720000000000001 13.946704969 15.3894936978
0.00730000000000001 13.83029545 15.2589679605
0.00740000000000001 13.71388593 15.1284422232
0.00750000000000001 13.59747641 14.9979164859
0.00760000000000001 13.48106689 14.8673907486
0.00770000000000001 13.36465737 14.7368650113
0.00780000000000001 13.24824785 14.606339274
0.00790000000000001 13.131838331 14.4758135366
0.00800000000000001 13.015428811 14.3452877993
0.00810000000000001 12.899019291 14.214762062
0.00820000000000001 12.782609771 14.0842363247
0.00830000000000001 12.666200251 13.9537105874
0.00840000000000001 12.549790732 13.8231848501
0.0085 12.433381212 13.6926591128
0.0086 12.316971692 13.5621333755
0.0087 12.200562172 13.4316076381
0.0088 12.084152652 13.3010819008
0.0089 11.967743132 13.1705561635
0.009 11.851333613 13.0400304262
0.0091 11.734924093 12.9095046889
0.0092 11.618514573 12.7789789516
0.0093 11.502105053 12.6484532143
0.0094 11.385695533 12.517927477
0.0095 11.269286014 12.3874017396
0.0096 11.152876494 12.2568760023
0.0097 11.036466974 12.126350265
0.0098 10.920057454 11.9958245277
0.0099 10.803647934 11.8652987904
0.01 10.687238414 11.7347730531
0.0101 10.570828895 11.6042473158
0.0102 10.454419375 11.4737215784
0.0103 10.338009855 11.3431958411
0.0104 10.221600335 11.2126701038
0.0105 10.105190815 11.0821443665
0.0106 9.9887812955 10.9516186292
0.0107 9.8723717757 10.8210928919
0.0108 9.7559622559 10.6905671546
0.0109 9.6395527361 10.5600414173
0.011 9.5231432163 10.4295156799
0.0111 9.4067336965 10.2989899426
0.0112 9.2903241766 10.1684642053
0.0113 9.1739146568 10.037938468
0.0114 9.057505137 9.90741273069
0.0115 8.9410956172 9.77688699338
0.0116 8.8246860974 9.64636125606
0.0117 8.7082765775 9.51583551875
0.0118 8.5918670577 9.38530978144
0.0119 8.4754575379 9.25478404413
0.012 8.3590480181 9.12425830681
0.0121 8.2426384983 8.9937325695
0.0122 8.1262289784 8.86320683219
0.0123 8.0098194586 8.73268109487
0.0124 7.8934099388 8.60215535756
0.0125 7.777000419 8.47162962025
0.0126 7.6605908992 8.34110388293
0.0127 7.5441813793 8.21057814562
0.0128 7.4277718595 8.08005240831
0.0129 7.3113623397 7.949526671
0.013 7.1949528199 7.81900093368
0.0131 7.0785433001 7.68847519637
0.0132 6.9621337803 7.55794945906
0.0133 6.8457242604 7.42742372174
0.0134 6.7293147406 7.29689798443
0.0135 6.6129052208 7.16637224712
0.0136 6.496495701 7.0358465098
0.0137 6.3800861812 6.90532077249
0.0138 6.2636766613 6.77479503518
0.0139 6.1472671415 6.64426929787
0.014 6.0308576217 6.51374356055
0.0141 5.9144481019 6.38321782324
0.0142 5.7980385821 6.25269208593
0.0143 5.6816290622 6.12216634861
0.0144 5.5652195424 5.9916406113
0.0145 5.4488100226 5.86111487399
0.0146 5.3324005028 5.73058913667
0.0147 5.215990983 5.60006339936
0.0148 5.0995814631 5.46953766205
0.0149 4.9831719433 5.33901192474
0.015 4.8667624235 5.20848618742
0.0151 4.7503529037 5.07796045011
0.0152 4.6339433839 4.9474347128
0.0153 4.517533864 4.81690897548
0.0154 4.4011243442 4.68638323817
0.0155 4.2847148244 4.55585750086
0.0156 4.1683053046 4.42533176354
0.0157 4.0518957848 4.38510083694
0.0158 4 4.38510083694
0.0159 4 4.38510083694
0.016 4 4.38510083694
0.0161 4 4.38510083694
0.0162 4 4.38510083694
0.0163 4 4.38510083694
0.0164 4 4.38510083694
0.0165 4 4.38510083694
0.0166 4 4.38510083694
0.0167 4 4.38510083694
0.0168 4 4.38510083694
0.0169 4 4.38510083694
0.017 4 4.38510083694
0.0171 4 4.38510083694
0.0172 4 4.38510083694
0.0173 4 4.38510083694
0.0174 4 4.38510083694
0.0175 4 4.38510083694
0.0176 4 4.38510083694
0.0177 4 4.38510083694
0.0177999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0178999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0179999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0180999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0181999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0182999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0183999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0184999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0185999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0186999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0187999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0188999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0189999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0190999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0191999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0192999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0193999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0194999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0195999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0196999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0197999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0198999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0199999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0200999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0201999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0202999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0203999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0204999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0205999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0206999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0207999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0208999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0209999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0210999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0211999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0212999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0213999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0214999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0215999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0216999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0217999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0218999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0219999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0220999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0221999999999999 4 4.38510083694
Stress Vs Strain
25

20
15
Stress
10
Strain
0
0 0.005 0.01

k 1.096275209 f'c 16
Zm 59.53146446 Ec 22360.68
Esec 4220.931
r 1.23269
Mander
x Stress (fc)
0.0185362542556823 2.16779482
0.0370725085113647 4.16394933
0.055608762767047 5.978769859
0.0741450170227294 7.619057526
0.0926812712784117 9.097066676
0.111217525534094 10.42686653
0.129753779789776 11.62268968
0.148290034045459 12.69813669
0.166826288301141 13.66580971
0.185362542556823 14.53717434
0.203898796812506 15.32254446
0.222435051068188 16.03113171
0.24097130532387 16.67112662
0.259507559579553 17.24979245
0.278043813835235 17.77356105
0.296580068090918 18.24812507
0.3151163223466 18.67852343
0.333652576602282 19.06921894
0.352188830857965 19.42416773
0.370725085113647 19.7468808
0.389261339369329 20.04047821
0.407797593625011 20.30773662
0.426333847880694 20.55113085
0.444870102136376 20.77287022
0.463406356392058 20.97493019
0.481942610647741 21.15908
0.500478864903423 21.32690684
0.519015119159105 21.47983682
0.537551373414788 21.61915345
0.55608762767047 21.7460137
0.574623881926152 21.86146213
0.593160136181835 21.96644324
0.611696390437517 22.06181233
0.630232644693199 22.14834509
0.648768898948882 22.22674599
0.667305153204564 22.29765574
0.685841407460246 22.36165783
0.704377661715928 22.41928434
0.722913915971611 22.47102113
0.741450170227293 22.51731239
0.759986424482976 22.55856468
0.778522678738658 22.59515061
0.79705893299434 22.62741203
0.815595187250023 22.65566295
0.834131441505705 22.68019209
0.852667695761387 22.7012652
0.87120395001707 22.71912717
0.889740204272752 22.73400385
0.908276458528435 22.74610375
0.926812712784117 22.75561955
0.945348967039799 22.76272947
0.963885221295482 22.76759847
0.982421475551164 22.77037941
1.00095772980685 22.77121403
1.01949398406253 22.77023385
1.03803023831821 22.76756104
1.05656649257389 22.76330913
1.07510274682958 22.75758374
1.09363900108526 22.75048316
1.11217525534094 22.74209894
1.13071150959662 22.73251641
1.14924776385231 22.72181516
1.16778401810799 22.71006945
1.18632027236367 22.69734864
1.20485652661935 22.68371752
1.22339278087504 22.66923666
1.24192903513072 22.65396272
1.2604652893864 22.63794873
1.27900154364208 22.62124434
1.29753779789776 22.60389605
1.31607405215345 22.58594747
1.33461030640913 22.56743946
1.35314656066481 22.54841038
1.37168281492049 22.5288962
1.39021906917618 22.50893072
1.40875532343186 22.48854567
1.42729157768754 22.46777088
1.44582783194322 22.44663436
1.46436408619891 22.42516247
1.48290034045459 22.40338
1.50143659471027 22.38131027
1.51997284896595 22.35897524
1.53850910322164 22.33639557
1.55704535747732 22.31359072
1.575581611733 22.29057903
1.59411786598868 22.26737775
1.61265412024436 22.24400318
1.63119037450005 22.22047066
1.64972662875573 22.19679464
1.66826288301141 22.17298877
1.68679913726709 22.14906591
1.70533539152278 22.1250382
1.72387164577846 22.10091708
1.74240790003414 22.07671336
1.76094415428982 22.05243722
1.7794804085455 22.02809828
1.79801666280119 22.00370563
1.81655291705687 21.97926782
1.83508917131255 21.95479295
1.85362542556823 21.93028865
1.87216167982392 21.90576211
1.8906979340796 21.88122015
1.90923418833528 21.85666918
1.92777044259096 21.83211526
1.94630669684664 21.80756409
1.96484295110233 21.78302109
1.98337920535801 21.75849133
2.00191545961369 21.73397962
2.02045171386937 21.70949048
2.03898796812506 21.6850282
2.05752422238074 21.66059679
2.07606047663642 21.63620005
2.0945967308921 21.61184155
2.11313298514778 21.58752467
2.13166923940347 21.56325258
2.15020549365915 21.53902827
2.16874174791483 21.51485454
2.18727800217051 21.49073404
2.2058142564262 21.46666926
2.22435051068188 21.44266252
2.24288676493756 21.41871603
2.26142301919324 21.39483183
2.27995927344892 21.37101187
2.29849552770461 21.34725793
2.31703178196029 21.32357172
2.33556803621597 21.29995482
2.35410429047165 21.2764087
2.37264054472734 21.25293475
2.39117679898302 21.22953425
2.4097130532387 21.20620839
2.42824930749438 21.18295829
2.44678556175006 21.15978498
2.46532181600575 21.13668941
2.48385807026143 21.11367247
2.50239432451711 21.09073497
2.52093057877279 21.06787767
2.53946683302848 21.04510124
2.55800308728416 21.02240631
2.57653934153984 20.99979347
2.59507559579552 20.97726322
2.6136118500512 20.95481603
2.63214810430689 20.93245233
2.65068435856257 20.91017249
2.66922061281825 20.88797684
2.68775686707393 20.86586568
2.70629312132962 20.84383924
2.7248293755853 20.82189776
2.74336562984098 20.8000414
2.76190188409666 20.77827032
2.78043813835234 20.75658462
2.79897439260803 20.73498439
2.81751064686371 20.7134697
2.83604690111939 20.69204055
2.85458315537507 20.67069697
2.87311940963076 20.64943892
2.89165566388644 20.62826636
2.91019191814212 20.60717923
2.9287281723978 20.58617744
2.94726442665348 20.56526088
2.96580068090917 20.54442942
2.98433693516485 20.52368293
3.00287318942053 20.50302124
3.02140944367621 20.48244418
3.0399456979319 20.46195155
3.05848195218758 20.44154315
3.07701820644326 20.42121877
3.09555446069894 20.40097817
3.11409071495462 20.38082111
3.13262696921031 20.36074733
3.15116322346599 20.34075658
3.16969947772167 20.32084857
3.18823573197735 20.30102303
3.20677198623304 20.28127967
3.22530824048872 20.26161817
3.2438444947444 20.24203823
3.26238074900008 20.22253955
3.28091700325576 20.20312178
3.29945325751145 20.18378461
3.31798951176713 20.16452771
3.33652576602281 20.14535072
3.35506202027849 20.12625331
3.37359827453418 20.10723512
3.39213452878986 20.0882958
3.41067078304554 20.069435
3.42920703730122 20.05065234
3.4477432915569 20.03194746
3.46627954581259 20.01332
3.48481580006827 19.99476958
3.50335205432395 19.97629582
3.52188830857963 19.95789835
3.54042456283532 19.93957679
3.558960817091 19.92133075
3.57749707134668 19.90315986
3.59603332560236 19.88506373
3.61456957985804 19.86704197
3.63310583411373 19.84909419
3.65164208836941 19.83122001
3.67017834262509 19.81341904
3.68871459688077 19.79569089
3.70725085113646 19.77803516
3.72578710539214 19.76045147
3.74432335964782 19.74293943
3.7628596139035 19.72549864
3.78139586815918 19.70812872
3.79993212241487 19.69082927
3.81846837667055 19.6735999
3.83700463092623 19.65644023
3.85554088518191 19.63934986
3.8740771394376 19.6223284
3.89261339369328 19.60537548
3.91114964794896 19.58849069
3.92968590220464 19.57167365
3.94822215646032 19.55492399
3.96675841071601 19.5382413
3.98529466497169 19.52162521
4.00383091922737 19.50507534
4.02236717348305 19.48859131
4.04090342773874 19.47217273
4.05943968199442 19.45581923
4.0779759362501 19.43953043
4.09651219050578 19.42330595
4.11504844476147 19.40714543
Stress Vs Strain
Strain
0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025

0.3 0.28 0.26
0.3 2.3 2.26 2.22
0.28 2.27 2.27 2.2
0.26 2.19 X 2.19

0.24 2.1 X X
0.22 2.05 X X
0.2 1.97 X X
0.18 1.91 X X
0.16 1.83 X X
0.14 1.75 X X
0.12 1.67 X X
0.1 1.59 X X
0.08 1.49 X X
0.06 1.38 X X
0.04 1.25 X X
0.02 1.12 X X
0 1 X X


0.24 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06
2.2 2.16 2.1 2.05 2 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.71 1.65
2.16 2.13 2.1 2.04 2 1.94 1.89 1.8 1.71 1.62
2.15 2.1 2.05 2 1.97 1.91 1.87 1.79 1.7 1.61
2.1 2.08 2.03 2 1.96 1.9 1.83 1.78 1.7 1.6
X 2.05 2 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.81 1.75 1.69 1.6
X X 1.97 1.93 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.72 1.67 1.59
X X X 1.91 1.89 1.81 1.77 1.7 1.63 1.54
X X X X 1.83 1.8 1.75 1.69 1.6 1.51
X X X X X 1.75 1.7 1.67 1.59 1.5
X X X X X X 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.49
X X X X X X X 1.59 1.51 1.45
X X X X X X X X 1.49 1.41
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X


0.04 0.02 0
1.55 1.42 1.3
1.54 1.41 1.3
1.51 1.41 1.3
1.5 1.4 1.29
1.5 1.4 1.28
1.49 1.39 1.27
1.49 1.38 1.25
1.45 1.35 1.24
1.42 1.32 1.22
1.4 1.3 1.2
1.39 1.29 1.19
1.36 1.26 1.18
1.3 1.22 1.13
1.25 1.2 1.1
X 1.12 1.05
X X 1
1) Given Data

Spacing (s1) 75 mm
2) Geometry
300
600
X

value of c 0.85
Ash 100.48
ρx Ash/(d*S) 0.006089697
ρy Ash/(b*S) 0.0031898413
ρs (ρx+ρy)/2 0.0046397691
Ke (nl-2)/nl * [1-s/bc] 0.4393939394
fsx Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρx / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fsy Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρy / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fx ρx*fsx 2.5272242424
fy ρy*fsy 1.323784127
fxc kefx 1.1104470156
fyc kefy 0.5816627225



εcc = ε0(1+5(f'cc/cf'c-1))
ε0=0.002

εcu=0.004+fmin/4f'c 0.011270784
fmin=min(fxc,fyc)
Kent & Park Model :
ε50h 0.0059598913
ε50u 0.0046304714
Z 58.20475991
0.0001 1.95 1.95439101461
0.0002 3.8 3.81756405845
0.0003 5.55 5.5895191315
0.0004 7.2 7.27025623378
0.0005 8.75 8.85977536528
0.0006 10.2 10.358076526
0.0007 11.55 11.765159716
0.0008 12.8 13.0810249351
0.0009 13.95 14.3056721835
0.001 15 15.4391014611
0.0011 15.95 16.481312768
0.0012 16.8 17.432306104
0.0013 17.55 18.2920814693
0.0014 18.2 19.0606388638
0.0015 18.75 19.7379782875
0.0016 19.2 20.3240997405
0.0017 19.55 20.8190032227
0.0018 19.8 21.2226887341
0.0019 19.95 21.5351562747
0.002 20 21.7564058445
0.0021 19.88359048 21.8864374436
0.0022 19.76718096 21.9157805635
0.0023 19.650771441 21.7852548262
0.0024 19.534361921 21.6547290889
0.0025 19.417952401 21.5242033515
0.0026 19.301542881 21.3936776142
0.0027 19.185133361 21.2631518769
0.0028 19.068723841 21.1326261396
0.0029 18.952314322 21.0021004023
0.003 18.835904802 20.871574665
0.0031 18.719495282 20.7410489277
0.0032 18.603085762 20.6105231904
0.0033 18.486676242 20.479997453
0.0034 18.370266723 20.3494717157
0.0035 18.253857203 20.2189459784
0.0036 18.137447683 20.0884202411
0.0037 18.021038163 19.9578945038
0.0038 17.904628643 19.8273687665
0.0039 17.788219123 19.6968430292
0.004 17.671809604 19.5663172919
0.0041 17.555400084 19.4357915545
0.0042 17.438990564 19.3052658172
0.0043 17.322581044 19.1747400799
0.0044 17.206171524 19.0442143426
0.0045 17.089762005 18.9136886053
0.0046 16.973352485 18.783162868
0.0047 16.856942965 18.6526371307
0.0048 16.740533445 18.5221113933
0.0049 16.624123925 18.391585656
0.005 16.507714405 18.2610599187
0.0051 16.391304886 18.1305341814
0.0052 16.274895366 18.0000084441
0.0053 16.158485846 17.8694827068
0.0054 16.042076326 17.7389569695
0.0055 15.925666806 17.6084312322
0.0056 15.809257287 17.4779054948
0.0057 15.692847767 17.3473797575
0.0058 15.576438247 17.2168540202
0.0059 15.460028727 17.0863282829
0.006 15.343619207 16.9558025456
0.0061 15.227209687 16.8252768083
0.0062 15.110800168 16.694751071
0.0063 14.994390648 16.5642253337
0.0064 14.877981128 16.4336995963
0.0065 14.761571608 16.303173859
0.0066 14.645162088 16.1726481217
0.0067 14.528752568 16.0421223844
0.00680000000000001 14.412343049 15.9115966471
0.00690000000000001 14.295933529 15.7810709098
0.00700000000000001 14.179524009 15.6505451725
0.00710000000000001 14.063114489 15.5200194351
0.00720000000000001 13.946704969 15.3894936978
0.00730000000000001 13.83029545 15.2589679605
0.00740000000000001 13.71388593 15.1284422232
0.00750000000000001 13.59747641 14.9979164859
0.00760000000000001 13.48106689 14.8673907486
0.00770000000000001 13.36465737 14.7368650113
0.00780000000000001 13.24824785 14.606339274
0.00790000000000001 13.131838331 14.4758135366
0.00800000000000001 13.015428811 14.3452877993
0.00810000000000001 12.899019291 14.214762062
0.00820000000000001 12.782609771 14.0842363247
0.00830000000000001 12.666200251 13.9537105874
0.00840000000000001 12.549790732 13.8231848501
0.0085 12.433381212 13.6926591128
0.0086 12.316971692 13.5621333755
0.0087 12.200562172 13.4316076381
0.0088 12.084152652 13.3010819008
0.0089 11.967743132 13.1705561635
0.009 11.851333613 13.0400304262
0.0091 11.734924093 12.9095046889
0.0092 11.618514573 12.7789789516
0.0093 11.502105053 12.6484532143
0.0094 11.385695533 12.517927477
0.0095 11.269286014 12.3874017396
0.0096 11.152876494 12.2568760023
0.0097 11.036466974 12.126350265
0.0098 10.920057454 11.9958245277
0.0099 10.803647934 11.8652987904
0.01 10.687238414 11.7347730531
0.0101 10.570828895 11.6042473158
0.0102 10.454419375 11.4737215784
0.0103 10.338009855 11.3431958411
0.0104 10.221600335 11.2126701038
0.0105 10.105190815 11.0821443665
0.0106 9.9887812955 10.9516186292
0.0107 9.8723717757 10.8210928919
0.0108 9.7559622559 10.6905671546
0.0109 9.6395527361 10.5600414173
0.011 9.5231432163 10.4295156799
0.0111 9.4067336965 10.2989899426
0.0112 9.2903241766 10.1684642053
0.0113 9.1739146568 10.037938468
0.0114 9.057505137 9.90741273069
0.0115 8.9410956172 9.77688699338
0.0116 8.8246860974 9.64636125606
0.0117 8.7082765775 9.51583551875
0.0118 8.5918670577 9.38530978144
0.0119 8.4754575379 9.25478404413
0.012 8.3590480181 9.12425830681
0.0121 8.2426384983 8.9937325695
0.0122 8.1262289784 8.86320683219
0.0123 8.0098194586 8.73268109487
0.0124 7.8934099388 8.60215535756
0.0125 7.777000419 8.47162962025
0.0126 7.6605908992 8.34110388293
0.0127 7.5441813793 8.21057814562
0.0128 7.4277718595 8.08005240831
0.0129 7.3113623397 7.949526671
0.013 7.1949528199 7.81900093368
0.0131 7.0785433001 7.68847519637
0.0132 6.9621337803 7.55794945906
0.0133 6.8457242604 7.42742372174
0.0134 6.7293147406 7.29689798443
0.0135 6.6129052208 7.16637224712
0.0136 6.496495701 7.0358465098
0.0137 6.3800861812 6.90532077249
0.0138 6.2636766613 6.77479503518
0.0139 6.1472671415 6.64426929787
0.014 6.0308576217 6.51374356055
0.0141 5.9144481019 6.38321782324
0.0142 5.7980385821 6.25269208593
0.0143 5.6816290622 6.12216634861
0.0144 5.5652195424 5.9916406113
0.0145 5.4488100226 5.86111487399
0.0146 5.3324005028 5.73058913667
0.0147 5.215990983 5.60006339936
0.0148 5.0995814631 5.46953766205
0.0149 4.9831719433 5.33901192474
0.015 4.8667624235 5.20848618742
0.0151 4.7503529037 5.07796045011
0.0152 4.6339433839 4.9474347128
0.0153 4.517533864 4.81690897548
0.0154 4.4011243442 4.68638323817
0.0155 4.2847148244 4.55585750086
0.0156 4.1683053046 4.42533176354
0.0157 4.0518957848 4.38510083694
0.0158 4 4.38510083694
0.0159 4 4.38510083694
0.016 4 4.38510083694
0.0161 4 4.38510083694
0.0162 4 4.38510083694
0.0163 4 4.38510083694
0.0164 4 4.38510083694
0.0165 4 4.38510083694
0.0166 4 4.38510083694
0.0167 4 4.38510083694
0.0168 4 4.38510083694
0.0169 4 4.38510083694
0.017 4 4.38510083694
0.0171 4 4.38510083694
0.0172 4 4.38510083694
0.0173 4 4.38510083694
0.0174 4 4.38510083694
0.0175 4 4.38510083694
0.0176 4 4.38510083694
0.0177 4 4.38510083694
0.0177999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0178999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0179999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0180999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0181999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0182999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0183999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0184999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0185999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0186999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0187999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0188999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0189999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0190999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0191999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0192999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0193999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0194999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0195999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0196999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0197999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0198999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0199999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0200999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0201999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0202999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0203999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0204999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0205999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0206999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0207999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0208999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0209999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0210999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0211999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0212999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0213999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0214999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0215999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0216999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0217999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0218999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0219999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0220999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0221999999999999 4 4.38510083694
Stress Vs Strain
25

20
15
Stress
10
Strain
0
0 0.005 0.01

k 1.096275209 f'c 16
Zm 59.53146446 Ec 22360.68
Esec 4261.012
r 1.235419
Mander
x Stress (fc)
0.0188309689631479 2.167997167
0.0376619379262957 4.164284716
0.0564929068894436 5.978810535
0.0753238758525914 7.618241449
0.0941548448157393 9.094808109
0.112985813778887 10.42261361
0.131816782742035 11.61595229
0.150647751705183 12.68849724
0.169478720668331 13.65292426
0.188309689631479 14.52076848
0.207140658594626 15.30240661
0.225971627557774 16.00710551
0.244802596520922 16.64310325
0.26363356548407 17.21770337
0.282464534447218 17.73737143
0.301295503410366 18.20782795
0.320126472373514 18.6341347
0.338957441336661 19.02077297
0.357788410299809 19.37171369
0.376619379262957 19.69047956
0.395450348226105 19.98019972
0.414281317189253 20.24365774
0.433112286152401 20.48333357
0.451943255115548 20.70144014
0.470774224078696 20.8999553
0.489605193041844 21.08064971
0.508436162004992 21.24511111
0.52726713096814 21.39476554
0.546098099931288 21.53089588
0.564929068894435 21.65465809
0.583760037857583 21.76709534
0.602591006820731 21.86915049
0.621421975783879 21.96167704
0.640252944747027 22.04544868
0.659083913710175 22.12116782
0.677914882673322 22.18947301
0.69674585163647 22.25094555
0.715576820599618 22.30611532
0.734407789562766 22.35546596
0.753238758525914 22.39943943
0.772069727489062 22.43844017
0.790900696452209 22.47283861
0.809731665415357 22.50297453
0.828562634378505 22.52915986
0.847393603341653 22.55168135
0.866224572304801 22.5708028
0.885055541267949 22.5867672
0.903886510231097 22.59979858
0.922717479194245 22.61010368
0.941548448157393 22.61787347
0.960379417120541 22.62328451
0.979210386083689 22.62650017
0.998041355046836 22.62767178
1.01687232400998 22.62693958
1.03570329297313 22.62443367
1.05453426193628 22.62027485
1.07336523089943 22.61457531
1.09219619986258 22.6074394
1.11102716882572 22.59896418
1.12985813778887 22.58924003
1.14868910675202 22.57835113
1.16752007571517 22.56637597
1.18635104467832 22.55338779
1.20518201364146 22.5394549
1.22401298260461 22.52464114
1.24284395156776 22.50900613
1.26167492053091 22.49260565
1.28050588949405 22.47549184
1.2993368584572 22.45771353
1.31816782742035 22.43931641
1.3369987963835 22.42034331
1.35582976534665 22.40083437
1.37466073430979 22.3808272
1.39349170327294 22.36035711
1.41232267223609 22.33945722
1.43115364119924 22.31815863
1.44998461016239 22.29649053
1.46881557912553 22.27448036
1.48764654808868 22.2521539
1.50647751705183 22.22953539
1.52530848601498 22.20664761
1.54413945497813 22.18351201
1.56297042394127 22.16014875
1.58180139290442 22.13657682
1.60063236186757 22.11281409
1.61946333083072 22.08887738
1.63829429979386 22.06478254
1.65712526875701 22.0405445
1.67595623772016 22.01617732
1.69478720668331 21.99169425
1.71361817564645 21.96710779
1.7324491446096 21.94242971
1.75128011357275 21.91767109
1.7701110825359 21.89284241
1.78894205149905 21.86795354
1.80777302046219 21.84301376
1.82660398942534 21.81803186
1.84543495838849 21.7930161
1.86426592735164 21.76797428
1.88309689631478 21.74291376
1.90192786527793 21.71784148
1.92075883424108 21.69276397
1.93958980320423 21.66768741
1.95842077216738 21.64261759
1.97725174113052 21.61756001
1.99608271009367 21.59251983
2.01491367905682 21.56750191
2.03374464801997 21.54251084
2.05257561698311 21.51755094
2.07140658594626 21.49262628
2.09023755490941 21.46774069
2.10906852387256 21.44289778
2.12789949283571 21.41810092
2.14673046179885 21.39335332
2.165561430762 21.36865798
2.18439239972515 21.3440177
2.2032233686883 21.31943514
2.22205433765144 21.29491278
2.24088530661459 21.27045294
2.25971627557774 21.24605782
2.27854724454089 21.22172945
2.29737821350403 21.19746976
2.31620918246718 21.17328052
2.33504015143033 21.14916342
2.35387112039348 21.12512002
2.37270208935663 21.10115176
2.39153305831977 21.07726
2.41036402728292 21.053446
2.42919499624607 21.02971093
2.44802596520922 21.00605587
2.46685693417236 20.98248182
2.48568790313551 20.9589897
2.50451887209866 20.93558037
2.52334984106181 20.9122546
2.54218081002496 20.8890131
2.5610117789881 20.86585654
2.57984274795125 20.84278549
2.5986737169144 20.8198005
2.61750468587755 20.79690204
2.63633565484069 20.77409056
2.65516662380384 20.75136642
2.67399759276699 20.72872997
2.69282856173014 20.7061815
2.71165953069329 20.68372127
2.73049049965643 20.66134947
2.74932146861958 20.6390663
2.76815243758273 20.61687189
2.78698340654588 20.59476635
2.80581437550902 20.57274975
2.82464534447217 20.55082214
2.84347631343532 20.52898354
2.86230728239847 20.50723394
2.88113825136161 20.48557329
2.89996922032476 20.46400155
2.91880018928791 20.44251862
2.93763115825106 20.42112441
2.95646212721421 20.39981879
2.97529309617735 20.37860162
2.9941240651405 20.35747273
3.01295503410365 20.33643194
3.0317860030668 20.31547906
3.05061697202994 20.29461387
3.06944794099309 20.27383615
3.08827890995624 20.25314566
3.10710987891939 20.23254214
3.12594084788254 20.21202534
3.14477181684568 20.19159496
3.16360278580883 20.17125073
3.18243375477198 20.15099235
3.20126472373513 20.1308195
3.22009569269827 20.11073188
3.23892666166142 20.09072915
3.25775763062457 20.07081099
3.27658859958772 20.05097705
3.29541956855087 20.03122698
3.31425053751401 20.01156044
3.33308150647716 19.99197706
3.35191247544031 19.97247647
3.37074344440346 19.95305831
3.3895744133666 19.9337222
3.40840538232975 19.91446777
3.4272363512929 19.89529461
3.44606732025605 19.87620236
3.46489828921919 19.85719061
3.48372925818234 19.83825898
3.50256022714549 19.81940706
3.52139119610864 19.80063446
3.54022216507179 19.78194077
3.55905313403493 19.76332559
3.57788410299808 19.74478851
3.59671507196123 19.72632913
3.61554604092438 19.70794704
3.63437700988752 19.68964182
3.65320797885067 19.67141307
3.67203894781382 19.65326037
3.69086991677697 19.63518331
3.70970088574012 19.61718148
3.72853185470326 19.59925446
3.74736282366641 19.58140185
3.76619379262956 19.56362321
3.78502476159271 19.54591815
3.80385573055585 19.52828625
3.822686699519 19.51072709
3.84151766848215 19.49324026
3.8603486374453 19.47582536
3.87917960640844 19.45848196
3.89801057537159 19.44120966
3.91684154433474 19.42400805
3.93567251329789 19.40687672
3.95450348226104 19.38981526
3.97333445122418 19.37282327
3.99216542018733 19.35590034
4.01099638915048 19.33904606
4.02982735811363 19.32226004
4.04865832707677 19.30554186
4.06748929603992 19.28889114
4.08632026500307 19.27230748
4.10515123396622 19.25579047
4.12398220292937 19.23933972
4.14281317189251 19.22295483
4.16164414085566 19.20663543
4.18047510981881 19.19038111
Stress Vs Strain
Strain
0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025

0.3 0.28 0.26
0.3 2.3 2.26 2.22
0.28 2.27 2.27 2.2
0.26 2.19 X 2.19

0.24 2.1 X X
0.22 2.05 X X
0.2 1.97 X X
0.18 1.91 X X
0.16 1.83 X X
0.14 1.75 X X
0.12 1.67 X X
0.1 1.59 X X
0.08 1.49 X X
0.06 1.38 X X
0.04 1.25 X X
0.02 1.12 X X
0 1 X X


0.24 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06
2.2 2.16 2.1 2.05 2 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.71 1.65
2.16 2.13 2.1 2.04 2 1.94 1.89 1.8 1.71 1.62
2.15 2.1 2.05 2 1.97 1.91 1.87 1.79 1.7 1.61
2.1 2.08 2.03 2 1.96 1.9 1.83 1.78 1.7 1.6
X 2.05 2 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.81 1.75 1.69 1.6
X X 1.97 1.93 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.72 1.67 1.59
X X X 1.91 1.89 1.81 1.77 1.7 1.63 1.54
X X X X 1.83 1.8 1.75 1.69 1.6 1.51
X X X X X 1.75 1.7 1.67 1.59 1.5
X X X X X X 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.49
X X X X X X X 1.59 1.51 1.45
X X X X X X X X 1.49 1.41
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X


0.04 0.02 0
1.55 1.42 1.3
1.54 1.41 1.3
1.51 1.41 1.3
1.5 1.4 1.29
1.5 1.4 1.28
1.49 1.39 1.27
1.49 1.38 1.25
1.45 1.35 1.24
1.42 1.32 1.22
1.4 1.3 1.2
1.39 1.29 1.19
1.36 1.26 1.18
1.3 1.22 1.13
1.25 1.2 1.1
X 1.12 1.05
X X 1
1) Given Data

Spacing (s1) 75 mm
2) Geometry
300
600
X

value of c 0.85
Ash 100.48
ρx Ash/(d*S) 0.006089697
ρy Ash/(b*S) 0.0031898413
ρs (ρx+ρy)/2 0.0046397691
Ke (nl-2)/nl * [1-s/bc] 0.5492424242
fsx Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρx / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fsy Es(0.0025+0.04*(ke ρy / f'c)^(1/3) 415
fx ρx*fsx 2.5272242424
fy ρy*fsy 1.323784127
fxc kefx 1.3880587695
fyc kefy 0.7270784031



εcc = ε0(1+5(f'cc/cf'c-1))
ε0=0.002

εcu=0.004+fmin/4f'c 0.01308848
fmin=min(fxc,fyc)
Kent & Park Model :
ε50h 0.0059598913
ε50u 0.0046304714
Z 58.20475991
0.0001 1.95 1.95439101461
0.0002 3.8 3.81756405845
0.0003 5.55 5.5895191315
0.0004 7.2 7.27025623378
0.0005 8.75 8.85977536528
0.0006 10.2 10.358076526
0.0007 11.55 11.765159716
0.0008 12.8 13.0810249351
0.0009 13.95 14.3056721835
0.001 15 15.4391014611
0.0011 15.95 16.481312768
0.0012 16.8 17.432306104
0.0013 17.55 18.2920814693
0.0014 18.2 19.0606388638
0.0015 18.75 19.7379782875
0.0016 19.2 20.3240997405
0.0017 19.55 20.8190032227
0.0018 19.8 21.2226887341
0.0019 19.95 21.5351562747
0.002 20 21.7564058445
0.0021 19.88359048 21.8864374436
0.0022 19.76718096 21.9157805635
0.0023 19.650771441 21.7852548262
0.0024 19.534361921 21.6547290889
0.0025 19.417952401 21.5242033515
0.0026 19.301542881 21.3936776142
0.0027 19.185133361 21.2631518769
0.0028 19.068723841 21.1326261396
0.0029 18.952314322 21.0021004023
0.003 18.835904802 20.871574665
0.0031 18.719495282 20.7410489277
0.0032 18.603085762 20.6105231904
0.0033 18.486676242 20.479997453
0.0034 18.370266723 20.3494717157
0.0035 18.253857203 20.2189459784
0.0036 18.137447683 20.0884202411
0.0037 18.021038163 19.9578945038
0.0038 17.904628643 19.8273687665
0.0039 17.788219123 19.6968430292
0.004 17.671809604 19.5663172919
0.0041 17.555400084 19.4357915545
0.0042 17.438990564 19.3052658172
0.0043 17.322581044 19.1747400799
0.0044 17.206171524 19.0442143426
0.0045 17.089762005 18.9136886053
0.0046 16.973352485 18.783162868
0.0047 16.856942965 18.6526371307
0.0048 16.740533445 18.5221113933
0.0049 16.624123925 18.391585656
0.005 16.507714405 18.2610599187
0.0051 16.391304886 18.1305341814
0.0052 16.274895366 18.0000084441
0.0053 16.158485846 17.8694827068
0.0054 16.042076326 17.7389569695
0.0055 15.925666806 17.6084312322
0.0056 15.809257287 17.4779054948
0.0057 15.692847767 17.3473797575
0.0058 15.576438247 17.2168540202
0.0059 15.460028727 17.0863282829
0.006 15.343619207 16.9558025456
0.0061 15.227209687 16.8252768083
0.0062 15.110800168 16.694751071
0.0063 14.994390648 16.5642253337
0.0064 14.877981128 16.4336995963
0.0065 14.761571608 16.303173859
0.0066 14.645162088 16.1726481217
0.0067 14.528752568 16.0421223844
0.00680000000000001 14.412343049 15.9115966471
0.00690000000000001 14.295933529 15.7810709098
0.00700000000000001 14.179524009 15.6505451725
0.00710000000000001 14.063114489 15.5200194351
0.00720000000000001 13.946704969 15.3894936978
0.00730000000000001 13.83029545 15.2589679605
0.00740000000000001 13.71388593 15.1284422232
0.00750000000000001 13.59747641 14.9979164859
0.00760000000000001 13.48106689 14.8673907486
0.00770000000000001 13.36465737 14.7368650113
0.00780000000000001 13.24824785 14.606339274
0.00790000000000001 13.131838331 14.4758135366
0.00800000000000001 13.015428811 14.3452877993
0.00810000000000001 12.899019291 14.214762062
0.00820000000000001 12.782609771 14.0842363247
0.00830000000000001 12.666200251 13.9537105874
0.00840000000000001 12.549790732 13.8231848501
0.0085 12.433381212 13.6926591128
0.0086 12.316971692 13.5621333755
0.0087 12.200562172 13.4316076381
0.0088 12.084152652 13.3010819008
0.0089 11.967743132 13.1705561635
0.009 11.851333613 13.0400304262
0.0091 11.734924093 12.9095046889
0.0092 11.618514573 12.7789789516
0.0093 11.502105053 12.6484532143
0.0094 11.385695533 12.517927477
0.0095 11.269286014 12.3874017396
0.0096 11.152876494 12.2568760023
0.0097 11.036466974 12.126350265
0.0098 10.920057454 11.9958245277
0.0099 10.803647934 11.8652987904
0.01 10.687238414 11.7347730531
0.0101 10.570828895 11.6042473158
0.0102 10.454419375 11.4737215784
0.0103 10.338009855 11.3431958411
0.0104 10.221600335 11.2126701038
0.0105 10.105190815 11.0821443665
0.0106 9.9887812955 10.9516186292
0.0107 9.8723717757 10.8210928919
0.0108 9.7559622559 10.6905671546
0.0109 9.6395527361 10.5600414173
0.011 9.5231432163 10.4295156799
0.0111 9.4067336965 10.2989899426
0.0112 9.2903241766 10.1684642053
0.0113 9.1739146568 10.037938468
0.0114 9.057505137 9.90741273069
0.0115 8.9410956172 9.77688699338
0.0116 8.8246860974 9.64636125606
0.0117 8.7082765775 9.51583551875
0.0118 8.5918670577 9.38530978144
0.0119 8.4754575379 9.25478404413
0.012 8.3590480181 9.12425830681
0.0121 8.2426384983 8.9937325695
0.0122 8.1262289784 8.86320683219
0.0123 8.0098194586 8.73268109487
0.0124 7.8934099388 8.60215535756
0.0125 7.777000419 8.47162962025
0.0126 7.6605908992 8.34110388293
0.0127 7.5441813793 8.21057814562
0.0128 7.4277718595 8.08005240831
0.0129 7.3113623397 7.949526671
0.013 7.1949528199 7.81900093368
0.0131 7.0785433001 7.68847519637
0.0132 6.9621337803 7.55794945906
0.0133 6.8457242604 7.42742372174
0.0134 6.7293147406 7.29689798443
0.0135 6.6129052208 7.16637224712
0.0136 6.496495701 7.0358465098
0.0137 6.3800861812 6.90532077249
0.0138 6.2636766613 6.77479503518
0.0139 6.1472671415 6.64426929787
0.014 6.0308576217 6.51374356055
0.0141 5.9144481019 6.38321782324
0.0142 5.7980385821 6.25269208593
0.0143 5.6816290622 6.12216634861
0.0144 5.5652195424 5.9916406113
0.0145 5.4488100226 5.86111487399
0.0146 5.3324005028 5.73058913667
0.0147 5.215990983 5.60006339936
0.0148 5.0995814631 5.46953766205
0.0149 4.9831719433 5.33901192474
0.015 4.8667624235 5.20848618742
0.0151 4.7503529037 5.07796045011
0.0152 4.6339433839 4.9474347128
0.0153 4.517533864 4.81690897548
0.0154 4.4011243442 4.68638323817
0.0155 4.2847148244 4.55585750086
0.0156 4.1683053046 4.42533176354
0.0157 4.0518957848 4.38510083694
0.0158 4 4.38510083694
0.0159 4 4.38510083694
0.016 4 4.38510083694
0.0161 4 4.38510083694
0.0162 4 4.38510083694
0.0163 4 4.38510083694
0.0164 4 4.38510083694
0.0165 4 4.38510083694
0.0166 4 4.38510083694
0.0167 4 4.38510083694
0.0168 4 4.38510083694
0.0169 4 4.38510083694
0.017 4 4.38510083694
0.0171 4 4.38510083694
0.0172 4 4.38510083694
0.0173 4 4.38510083694
0.0174 4 4.38510083694
0.0175 4 4.38510083694
0.0176 4 4.38510083694
0.0177 4 4.38510083694
0.0177999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0178999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0179999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0180999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0181999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0182999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0183999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0184999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0185999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0186999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0187999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0188999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0189999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0190999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0191999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0192999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0193999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0194999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0195999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0196999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0197999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0198999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0199999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0200999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0201999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0202999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0203999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0204999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0205999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0206999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0207999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0208999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0209999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0210999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0211999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0212999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0213999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0214999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0215999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0216999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0217999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0218999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0219999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0220999999999999 4 4.38510083694
0.0221999999999999 4 4.38510083694
Stress Vs Strain
30

20
Stress
15
10
Strain
0
0 0.005 0.01

k 1.096275209 f'c 16
Zm 59.53146446 Ec 22360.68
Esec 3863.192
r 1.20885
Mander
x Stress (fc)
0.0159058233875647 2.16658256
0.0318116467751293 4.163479851
0.047717470162694 5.983974788
0.0636232935502586 7.635778089
0.0795291169378233 9.131106544
0.095434940325388 10.48353115
0.111340763712953 11.70658521
0.127246587100517 12.8131122
0.143152410488082 13.81497701
0.159058233875647 14.72296707
0.174964057263211 15.54679412
0.190869880650776 16.295148
0.206775704038341 16.97577498
0.222681527425905 17.59556538
0.23858735081347 18.16064172
0.254493174201035 18.67644277
0.270398997588599 19.14780134
0.286304820976164 19.57901476
0.302210644363729 19.97390801
0.318116467751293 20.33588965
0.334022291138858 20.66800131
0.349928114526423 20.97296113
0.365833937913987 21.25320184
0.381739761301552 21.51090415
0.397645584689117 21.74802601
0.413551408076681 21.96632816
0.429457231464246 22.16739654
0.44536305485181 22.35266194
0.461268878239375 22.52341717
0.47717470162694 22.68083222
0.493080525014504 22.82596753
0.508986348402069 22.95978569
0.524892171789634 23.08316175
0.540797995177198 23.19689233
0.556703818564763 23.30170365
0.572609641952327 23.39825865
0.588515465339892 23.48716333
0.604421288727457 23.56897237
0.620327112115021 23.64419407
0.636232935502586 23.71329485
0.652138758890151 23.77670318
0.668044582277716 23.83481314
0.68395040566528 23.88798759
0.699856229052845 23.93656101
0.71576205244041 23.98084203
0.731667875827974 24.02111577
0.747573699215539 24.05764586
0.763479522603104 24.09067629
0.779385345990668 24.12043313
0.795291169378233 24.14712601
0.811196992765798 24.17094949
0.827102816153363 24.19208433
0.843008639540927 24.21069859
0.858914462928492 24.22694864
0.874820286316057 24.24098011
0.890726109703621 24.25292875
0.906631933091186 24.26292115
0.922537756478751 24.27107549
0.938443579866315 24.27750216
0.95434940325388 24.28230433
0.970255226641445 24.28557853
0.98616105002901 24.28741509
1.00206687341657 24.28789864
1.01797269680414 24.28710846
1.0338785201917 24.28511893
1.04978434357927 24.28199983
1.06569016696683 24.27781667
1.0815959903544 24.27263099
1.09750181374196 24.26650065
1.11340763712953 24.25948003
1.12931346051709 24.25162034
1.14521928390466 24.24296974
1.16112510729222 24.23357363
1.17703093067979 24.22347476
1.19293675406735 24.21271345
1.20884257745492 24.20132772
1.22474840084248 24.18935344
1.24065422423004 24.17682447
1.25656004761761 24.16377279
1.27246587100517 24.15022862
1.28837169439274 24.13622049
1.3042775177803 24.12177542
1.32018334116787 24.10691891
1.33608916455543 24.09167514
1.351994987943 24.07606695
1.36790081133056 24.06011599
1.38380663471813 24.04384276
1.39971245810569 24.02726667
1.41561828149326 24.01040612
1.43152410488082 23.99327855
1.44742992826838 23.97590051
1.46333575165595 23.95828767
1.47924157504351 23.94045492
1.49514739843108 23.92241637
1.51105322181864 23.90418543
1.52695904520621 23.88577482
1.54286486859377 23.86719661
1.55877069198134 23.84846228
1.5746765153689 23.82958273
1.59058233875647 23.81056831
1.60648816214403 23.79142887
1.62239398553159 23.77217376
1.63829980891916 23.75281187
1.65420563230672 23.73335166
1.67011145569429 23.71380115
1.68601727908185 23.69416801
1.70192310246942 23.6744595
1.71782892585698 23.65468253
1.73373474924455 23.6348437
1.74964057263211 23.61494925
1.76554639601968 23.59500515
1.78145221940724 23.57501706
1.7973580427948 23.55499039
1.81326386618237 23.53493027
1.82916968956993 23.51484157
1.8450755129575 23.49472897
1.86098133634506 23.47459687
1.87688715973263 23.4544495
1.89279298312019 23.43429087
1.90869880650776 23.4141248
1.92460462989532 23.39395491
1.94051045328289 23.37378466
1.95641627667045 23.35361735
1.97232210005802 23.33345611
1.98822792344558 23.31330391
2.00413374683314 23.29316359
2.02003957022071 23.27303785
2.03594539360827 23.25292926
2.05185121699584 23.23284025
2.0677570403834 23.21277314
2.08366286377097 23.19273014
2.09956868715853 23.17271334
2.1154745105461 23.15272474
2.13138033393366 23.13276624
2.14728615732123 23.11283962
2.16319198070879 23.09294659
2.17909780409635 23.07308879
2.19500362748392 23.05326774
2.21090945087148 23.0334849
2.22681527425905 23.01374166
2.24272109764661 22.99403933
2.25862692103418 22.97437916
2.27453274442174 22.95476231
2.29043856780931 22.9351899
2.30634439119687 22.91566299
2.32225021458444 22.89618257
2.338156037972 22.87674959
2.35406186135956 22.85736492
2.36996768474713 22.83802941
2.38587350813469 22.81874385
2.40177933152226 22.79950897
2.41768515490982 22.78032549
2.43359097829739 22.76119404
2.44949680168495 22.74211527
2.46540262507252 22.72308973
2.48130844846008 22.70411797
2.49721427184765 22.6852005
2.51312009523521 22.66633778
2.52902591862277 22.64753026
2.54493174201034 22.62877835
2.5608375653979 22.61008242
2.57674338878547 22.59144282
2.59264921217303 22.57285988
2.6085550355606 22.55433389
2.62446085894816 22.53586512
2.64036668233573 22.51745383
2.65627250572329 22.49910024
2.67217832911086 22.48080454
2.68808415249842 22.46256694
2.70398997588599 22.44438757
2.71989579927355 22.4262666
2.73580162266111 22.40820414
2.75170744604868 22.39020031
2.76761326943624 22.37225519
2.78351909282381 22.35436886
2.79942491621137 22.33654138
2.81533073959894 22.31877279
2.8312365629865 22.30106312
2.84714238637407 22.28341239
2.86304820976163 22.26582062
2.8789540331492 22.24828778
2.89485985653676 22.23081385
2.91076567992432 22.21339882
2.92667150331189 22.19604264
2.94257732669945 22.17874525
2.95848315008702 22.1615066
2.97438897347458 22.14432661
2.99029479686215 22.12720521
3.00620062024971 22.1101423
3.02210644363728 22.0931378
3.03801226702484 22.07619159
3.05391809041241 22.05930357
3.06982391379997 22.04247363
3.08572973718753 22.02570162
3.1016355605751 22.00898743
3.11754138396266 21.99233092
3.13344720735023 21.97573194
3.14935303073779 21.95919035
3.16525885412536 21.94270599
3.18116467751292 21.9262787
3.19707050090049 21.90990832
3.21297632428805 21.89359469
3.22888214767562 21.87733762
3.24478797106318 21.86113695
3.26069379445074 21.8449925
3.27659961783831 21.82890408
3.29250544122587 21.8128715
3.30841126461344 21.79689458
3.324317088001 21.78097313
3.34022291138857 21.76510693
3.35612873477613 21.74929581
3.3720345581637 21.73353956
3.38794038155126 21.71783796
3.40384620493883 21.70219083
3.41975202832639 21.68659795
3.43565785171396 21.6710591
3.45156367510152 21.65557409
3.46746949848908 21.64014269
3.48337532187665 21.62476469
3.49928114526421 21.60943988
3.51518696865178 21.59416803
3.53109279203934 21.57894893
Stress Vs Strain
Strain
0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025

0.3 0.28 0.26
0.3 2.3 2.26 2.22
0.28 2.27 2.27 2.2
0.26 2.19 X 2.19

0.24 2.1 X X
0.22 2.05 X X
0.2 1.97 X X
0.18 1.91 X X
0.16 1.83 X X
0.14 1.75 X X
0.12 1.67 X X
0.1 1.59 X X
0.08 1.49 X X
0.06 1.38 X X
0.04 1.25 X X
0.02 1.12 X X
0 1 X X


0.24 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06
2.2 2.16 2.1 2.05 2 1.95 1.9 1.8 1.71 1.65
2.16 2.13 2.1 2.04 2 1.94 1.89 1.8 1.71 1.62
2.15 2.1 2.05 2 1.97 1.91 1.87 1.79 1.7 1.61
2.1 2.08 2.03 2 1.96 1.9 1.83 1.78 1.7 1.6
X 2.05 2 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.81 1.75 1.69 1.6
X X 1.97 1.93 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.72 1.67 1.59
X X X 1.91 1.89 1.81 1.77 1.7 1.63 1.54
X X X X 1.83 1.8 1.75 1.69 1.6 1.51
X X X X X 1.75 1.7 1.67 1.59 1.5
X X X X X X 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.49
X X X X X X X 1.59 1.51 1.45
X X X X X X X X 1.49 1.41
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X


0.04 0.02 0
1.55 1.42 1.3
1.54 1.41 1.3
1.51 1.41 1.3
1.5 1.4 1.29
1.5 1.4 1.28
1.49 1.39 1.27
1.49 1.38 1.25
1.45 1.35 1.24
1.42 1.32 1.22
1.4 1.3 1.2
1.39 1.29 1.19
1.36 1.26 1.18
1.3 1.22 1.13
1.25 1.2 1.1
X 1.12 1.05
X X 1

Confined Concrete

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Confined Concrete

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1) Given Data

Width of Beam (B) 300 mm

cylindrical strength of concrete (f'c) 20 Mpa

Smaller Effective Confining Stress Ratio (f'Iy/cf'c) 0.0191724528

Confined Strength Ratio (f'cc/cf'c) 1.2047942805

Strain in Concrete at Maximum Stress (εcc) 0.0040479428

Ultimate Strain in Concrete (εcu)

Kent & Park Model :

16mm ϕ with 12 No.bars

Kent & Park Modified Kent & Park Mande

8 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018

dified Kent & Park Mander

0.26 2.19 X 2.19

Smaller Effective Confining Stress Ratio

Confined Strength Ratio (f'

ctive Confining Stress Ratio (f' Iy/cf'c) 0.019172

Confined Strength Ratio (f'cc/cf'c) 1.204794

Width of Beam (B) 300 mm

cylindrical strength of concrete (f'c) 20 Mpa

Smaller Effective Confining Stress Ratio (f'Iy/cf'c) 0.0287586792

Confined Strength Ratio (f'cc/cf'c) 1.3202677583

Strain in Concrete at Maximum Stress (εcc) 0.0052026776

Ultimate Strain in Concrete (εcu)

Kent & Park Model :

16mm ϕ with 12 No.bars

Kent & Park Modified Kent & Park Mande

8 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018

dified Kent & Park Mander

0.26 2.19 X 2.19

Smaller Effective Confining Stress Ratio

Confined Strength Ratio (f'

ctive Confining Stress Ratio (f' Iy/cf'c) 0.028759

Confined Strength Ratio (f'cc/cf'c) 1.320268

Width of Beam (B) 300 mm

cylindrical strength of concrete (f'c) 20 Mpa

Smaller Effective Confining Stress Ratio (f'Iy/cf'c) 0.0255632704

Confined Strength Ratio (f'cc/cf'c) 1.3139596191

Strain in Concrete at Maximum Stress (εcc) 0.0051395962

Ultimate Strain in Concrete (εcu)

Kent & Park Model :

16mm ϕ with 12 No.bars

Kent & Park Modified Kent & Park Mande

8 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018

dified Kent & Park Mander

0.26 2.19 X 2.19

Smaller Effective Confining Stress Ratio

Confined Strength Ratio (f'

ctive Confining Stress Ratio (f' Iy/cf'c) 0.025563

Confined Strength Ratio (f'cc/cf'c) 1.31396

Width of Beam (B) 300 mm

cylindrical strength of concrete (f'c) 20 Mpa

Smaller Effective Confining Stress Ratio (f'Iy/cf'c) 0.031954088

Confined Strength Ratio (f'cc/cf'c) 1.3265758975

Strain in Concrete at Maximum Stress (εcc) 0.005265759

Ultimate Strain in Concrete (εcu)

Kent & Park Model :

16mm ϕ with 12 No.bars

Kent & Park Modified Kent & Park Mande

8 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018

dified Kent & Park Mander