Lhanguene Secondary School

LHANGUENE SECONDARY SCHOOL
TOPIC:Floods, their causes, consequences and forms of prevention
Stream:B4
Name:Neyde Boane
Teacher:Bernardo
Maputo, April 2023

Index
Introducion 2
Definition of floods and their causes 3
Consequences and form of prevention 5
Conclusion 6
Introducion
This work focuse on the theme of floods.It is an aprproach that cleary portrays this problem that
affects the world,usually during autumn,winter and spring.It is intented to clarify the concept of
floods,find consequences and ways of prevention.
Finally,some specific cases of floods will be portrayed.

Definition of floods
Floods are extreme and temporary natural phenomena, caused by moderate or permanent rainfall,
or by sudden and high-intensity rainfall.This excess of precipitation increase the flow of
watercourses,causing the overflow of the normal bed and the flooding of the banks and
surrounding areas.In some parts of the globe,floods may also be due to melting ice caps.
Causes of floods
Floods are essentially caused by very abundant rainfall in a short period of time and with storms
originating at sea, accompanied by heavy rains and large waves, however, they are also
aggravated by natural and human factors that increase the risk of flooding.
 in terms of natural factors, the risks of flooding increase due to the climate and the nature
of the rocks ;
 In terms of human factors, floods are aggravated due to deforestation, which increases the
surface runoff of rainwater, which carries with it large amounts of sediment.
They also increase due to the occupation of floodplains, which can translate into serious human
and material damage, as it aggravates the vulnerability of these areas. And finally due to the
impermeability of soils in cities that prevent the infiltration of water, causing the streets to flood
more easily
other causes:
 The accumulation of debris, such as sand, pebbles in streams they can also affect water
circulation;
 Pollution and lack of cleanliness are two other causes of floods;
 Plastics or other materials often clog the sewer grids that are at the edge of the roads,
preventing the water from flowing out;
Another cause is the melting ice, with the increase in global warming the ice in the glaciers
and/or in certain places in the world melts, originating floods.
Consequences
The consequences that floods can cause are sometimes quite catastrophic.
Due to floods:
 The streets become veritable rivers, cars are swept away, houses are flooded and often
destroyed;
 Landslides occur, many people are displaced, others even become mortal victims;
cause serious damage or complete destruction of infrastructure (roads, bridges, monuments,
statues, among others).
 The spread of epidemics such as cholera, gastrointestinal problems or diseases such as
malaria is greater.
Although floods cause a lot of damage, they can also have beneficial effects for river ecosystems
in equine recharge and soil fertility.
Worldwide is the catastrophe that causes higher costs
Forms of prevention
There are some measures that reduce the risk of floods and prevent their effects, such as:
 Avoid building houses on the banks of rivers or seas;
 Keep the banks and beds of rivers and streams clean and unobstructed;
 Reforest areas where there is a greater risk of sediment drift;
 Implementation of security systems that allow the population to be warned in advance in
order to reduce the consequences;
 Build dams to regulate the flow of rivers;
The image above depicts the floods of 2000. The floods killed 800 people and caused at least
100,000 refugees, with the south of the country running out of drinking water and food running
out for a long time.
Conclusion
Floods, although they don't look like it, are quite dangerous and can occur anytime, anywhere.
There are ways to prevent them or at least reduce the severity of their consequences and all
cities, especially in our country, should resort to these preucations.

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LHANGUENE SECONDARY SCHOOL

TOPIC:Floods, their causes, consequences and forms of prevention

Maputo, April 2023

Definition of floods and their causes 3

Consequences and form of prevention 5

floods,find consequences and ways of prevention.

Finally,some specific cases of floods will be portrayed.

out for a long time.

cities, especially in our country, should resort to these preucations.

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