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PITMAN SHORTHAND
NEW COURSE
NEW ERA EDITION
LL
PITMAN
aPUBLISHING
COPYRIGHT
This edition of Sir Isaac Pitman’s system of
Shorthand is the exclusive copyright of Sir
Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd., and it will be an
infringement of such copyright if matter from
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PREFACE
SAAC PITMAN published the first edition of his shorthand system
in 1837. He spent half a century improving it, and the great work
has since been continued by several generations of expert writers
and teachers.
Millions have used this system as a means of earning a livelihood,
and today, throughout the world, wherever accurate and immediately
legible recording of spoken English is required, in Parliaments and
Congresses, in the Courts of Justice, and in offices of every size and
sort, there is Pitman Shorthand, doing what no machine can so
effectively reproduce, the whole speech and nothing but the speech
(with whatever helpful notes the intelligent recorder may choose to
append to the speech), in a form that can be read like a book as soon
as it is written or ten years afterwards. No system has been tested for
so long or by so many writers of such a wide diversity of natural
aptitude; and no system has won so high a reputation on the testing
ground of experience.
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM

Isaac Pitman devised his system after a profound and epoch-making
study of the phonetic structure of the English language. The system
is a result of his scientific analysis. Systems before Pitman, and even
some systems in use today, could achieve speed only. through the
laborious memorization of hundreds of special forms and arbitrary
abbreviations. In Pitman Shorthand, speed and facility of writing
and safety of reading are achieved by following a coherent and com-
prehensive scheme: each individual sound has its sign, and sounds of
the same family have signs with an appropriate family likeness, so
that, after a little practice, the signs seem to produce themselves like
snapshots from the sounds, and the sounds themselves seem to speak
from the written page.
Handwriting Motion Inadequate. The consonants of the language

are represented by a series of simple strokes, selected to provide the
most facile joinings with one another. Because these strokes do not
follow the slope of ordinary longhand writing, they can be formed
with complete distinctiveness when they are joined together and
written with great speed. The purpose of shorthand is to represent
letters as briefly and as distinctively as possible. The adoption of a
uniform slope in a shorthand system would result in a confusing similarity
of consonants, and the hand of the writer would be retarded because
of the necessity for careful and laborious representation of fine
distinctions.
Pairing of Consonants. In certain cases consonants are paired

because of their similarity of sound. The first consonant in the pair is
pronounced lightly (as “‘S’’) and is unvoiced, and the second consonant
in the pair is the corresponding heavy sound (as “Z’’) and is voiced.
The same stroke is used for both consonants, but for the first con-
sonant a light stroke is written, and the second stroke of the pair is
written with a slight pressure of the pen. This avoids the necessity
of employing different strokes to represent similarly sounded consonants.
If, for instance, half- and double-length strokes were used to represent
these pairs, valuable shorthand abbreviating material would be .lost,
which in Pitman Shorthand is used to represent the addition of letters
and even whole syllables. The use of this device thus saves time and
labour for the shorthand writer and involves no extra penmanship.
Elimination of Vowel Signs. Words are represented by a complete

shorthand outline of their consonants. Short forms are provided for
common words. Circles, loops and hooks are used for the representation
of frequently occurring and natural combinations of consonants in
English words. In the application of this abbreviating material the
presence or absence of a vowel is indicated, and it is unnecessary to
write signs for the vowel sounds. Here again the shorthand writer is
saved much time and labour. A series of disjoined vowel signs is pro-
vided for insertion where necessary, such as in isolated words, or proper
names.
Position Writing. Position writing is a simple and effective device

for the indication of vowels. Writing a word above, on, or through
the line, according to its first vowel sound, is another means of expressing
sound without actual writing, and it is a device highly prized by the
fastest writers. Generations of the best writers in the world have
proved that the most effective means of securing compact, swift and
legible shorthand outlines is through complete representation of the
consonants, and that the insertion of the vowel signs is not ordinarily
necessary.
Summary. In Pitman Shorthand the amount of actual writing has

been reduced to a minimum because of the scientific use of the steno-
graphic abbreviating material. Circles, loops, hooks, halving and
doubling are devices used for the representation of syllables, and not
for the formation of an alphabet. An adequate skill in shorthand
iv
writing is developed through the application of the abbreviating
principles of the system. These devices are few in number, and they
are easily understood and applied.
FEATURES OF THE BOOK

This. book presents the principles of Pitman Shorthand in a logical
arrangement. The principles are stated briefly and simply, and each
statement. is followed by an adequate amount of application. The
work of the teacher is made easier by dividing the principles into small
units of construction.
An unusual feature of the book is the wealth of drill material pro-

vided for each unit of instruction. The amount of this material is
more than that appearing in any shorthand textbook previously issued.
The exercises have been so compiled that they are similar in subject
matter to the material dictated to students in later stages of the study
of the subject. The development of skill in reading and writing these
exercises is therefore of great importance, for they provide practice as
valuable to the student as the dictation he will receive when the
principles have been completed. Realization of this will encourage the
student and will stimulate rapid progress. The exercises provide a
cumulative review of the principles and of the short forms
In the application of the principles a vocabulary of the two thousand

commonest words has been used. Less frequently occurring words are
used occasionally, however, to provide additional illustrations and to
demonstrate in the exercises the application of a principle to similar
words. These additional words are always well within the average
student’s vocabulary.
Most of the exercises are in shorthand. Reading correct shorthand

is invaluable to the student, and the reading approach makes it possible
to prevent students from writing or seeing incorrectly written outlines,
and in this way assists them to write accurately from the start. The
shorthand exercises are also useful for home preparation and from
Chapter IX onwards longhand exercise or dictation material is
included.
Dictation is always interesting to the student, and teachers will find

Graded Dictation Studies of great use to them when used side by side
with the New Course. In this book there is a wealth of dictation
material arranged so as to correspond accurately with the chapters of
the New Course and at the same time progressively graded by word-
frequency. Complete practice for dictation purposes is also given in
v
the whole vocabulary of each chapter of the New Course, including
short forms, phrases and word lists.
The very frequently used words expressed in shorthand by some

logical principle of abbreviation are introduced in their appropriate
places in the text and are also given in three alphabetically arranged
lists at the end of the volume. The first list gives those short forms
that are included in the text and these all come within the two
thousand commonest words. The second list gives additional short
forms occurring in the first ten thousand commonest words, and the
third list a few others which do not occur in the ten thousand com-
monest words. It will be noticed that for all ordinary purposes the
first list is adequate and in fact represents between 50 and 60 per cent
of average matier.
Reference can be made to the wide selection of Pitman shorthand

books which will be most useful for consolidating and expanding the
principles by different approaches, supplying also abundant material
for reading and dictation.
Much dictation material is available in Office Dictation Today and in

the Shorthand Speed Development series. These books and the New
Course itself are provided with supporting sound-tapes.
Shorthand material appears each week in the Pitman periodical Memo.
vi
CONTENTS
CHAPTER - PAGE
PREFACE . : : : ‘ i 5 F iil
INTRODUCTION . F ; ; - A , . Vil
I. FIRST S1x CONSONANTS; @ AND é@ _.. 3 , : 1
Il. Next EIGHT CONSONANTS; 6 AND iz 4
III. Next EIGHT CONSONANTS . : 6 : ioe O
IV. First-PLACE VOWELS . 5 6 6 C A tt)
V. THIRD-PLACE VOWELS 6 : , ‘ ‘ Falke:
VI. Two ForMS FoR R . 5 c 3 5 . eae 17
VII. DIPHTHONGS AND H . : A c Z : 25
VIII. S Circre . ‘ ‘ 6 : ; 3 ’ a alll
IX. St AND Str Loops; Ses AND Sw CIRCLES; VOWEL INDI-
CATION . : : : : : ; : . 41
X. HALVING; DOWNWARD L; ABBREVIATED W : am Oey
XI. DouBLE CONSONANTS : ; ; : : . 68
XII. N aNp F Hooks : : : ; : ‘ 5 oh,
XIII. -Shun Hook. : . : : : : . 106
XIV. COMPOUND CONSONANTS; TICK AND Dot H : 5 ie
XV. HALVING AND DOUBLING . j : : : 5 LAS
XVI. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES : é : : : 5 lls
XVII. DreHones; MEDIAL W; SH, R, AND S : : . 149
XVIII. FiGurEs; COMPOUND WorDsS; INTERSECTIONS ; . 156
SHORT FORMS . : , : : : A . 163
INDEX 5 AMA
Vii
INTRODUCTION
HORTHAND is the art of representing spoken sounds by written
S signs. Pitman Shorthand provides a way of representing every
sound heard in English words.
Ordinary longhand spelling is seldom phonetic. Pitman Shorthand

is phonetic; that is, words are generally written as they are sounded
and not according to ordinary longhand spelling. With certain
exceptions no signs are used that are not wanted to represent the
sound.
The following illustrations show how to think of the words when

writing shorthand—
palm is p-ah-m wrought is r-aw-t

pale is p-ay-l coal is k-oh-l
key is k-ee tomb _ is t-oo-m
With the exception of worsted (the woollen material) and a few

proper names, e.g. Worcester, if an R appears in the spelling of a
word it always appears in the shorthand. Words that include a
“silent R” in some pronunciations of English are thus made much
easier to read, e.g. iron, park.
The shorthand characters should be made as neatly and as accu-

rately as possible. The size of the shorthand strokes in this book is a
good standard to adopt in your own writing. The signs join readily
with one, another and they can be written with great speed when
practised sufficiently. Resist the temptation to sacrifice accurate
formation for speed. Speed in writing will naturally follow the practice
of neat and accurate writing.
viii
/’ CHAPTER I
PITMAN SHORTHAND ALPHABET
1. The First Six Consonants

The sounds heard in English words are, in Pitman Shorthand
divided into—
Twenty-four Consonants Twelve Vowels Four Diphthongs
A shorthand sign is provided for each of these sounds.
The first six consonants are represented by straight strokes written
downward—
| Letter Name As in
|
P pee Pay, 4Pe,.Up

B bee bay, Abe, be
T tee Tay, ate, it
D dee day, aid, do
CH chay chest, etch, which
J jay jest, edge, age

l
The arrows indicate the direction in which the strokes are written.
They are never written in any other direction.
NOTE: These consonants form pairs: p and 5b, t and d, ch and j. In each
pair a /ight sound is represented by a /ight stroke, and a corresponding heavy
sound is represented by a heavier stroke.
2. Vowel a
Vowels are represented by dots and dashes written alongside the
consonant: strokes. When a vowel comes before a consonant, it is
placed before the stroke (left side); when a vowel comes after a
consonant, it is placed after the stroke (right side).
1
2 PITMAN SHORTHAND
The long vowel a is represented by a heavy dot—

Nis OP, Gehan) BY ei
ape, pay, Abe; bay, aid, day, age.
Write the consonant stroke first and then place the vowel sign. Two
light dashes underneath an outline indicate that the word represented
begins with a capital letter.
NOTE: There are three places alongside a stroke in which vowels may be
written—beginning, middle, and end, or first, second, and third place. The
dot for long 4a is written in the middle place, and it is therefore called a
“second-place vowel.”
3. Joining of Consonants
Consonants are joined without lifting the pen, as in longhand.
Begin the second where the first ends, and write the stroke in its proper
direction. Note that the first stroke rests on the line.
Pa
Sesan cea. |
p ch, bt, tp, dt, ch p,
paid, page, - bait, babe, tape, date.
4. Vowel é
Short é is represented by a light dot, and is a second-place vowel—
= wba eats efor (.

etch, edge, bet, Pep, Ted, debt, Jet.
NOTE: The first stroke rests on the line. Write the consonant outline first,
and then place the vowel sign.
5. Short Forms for Common Words

A few very frequently used words, such as be, it, the, to, are ex-
pressed in shorthand by a single sign. These short forms promote
speedy writing, and they should be thoroughly memorized—
X be, | it, | do, if which, _. . the, to, \~\ two or too,

|. but, 4. who.
NEW COURSE 3
6. -Phrasing
As an aid to rapid writing, shorthand words may often be joined.
This is called phrasing. Outlines should be phrased only when they
join easily and naturally, as shown in the examples throughout this
textbook. The first word in a phrase is written in its normal position—
oa sag Oe but which.
A small tick at the end of a word represents the. The tick is written
either upward or downward, whichever forms the sharper angle but,
whether written upward or downward, its angle to the line of writing
is always the same—
ea A PE ier Lee <0 ae

to the, be the, do the, which the, pay the, paid the.
7. Punctuation
The following special punctuation marks are used in shorthand—
wK
>
x
|
x
Be oe
full stop, question, exclamation, hyphen, dash, parenthesis.
Other signs are written as in longhand.
Exercise 1
CHAPTER II
8. The Second Group of Consonants
The next four pairs of consonants are curves, and they are written
downward—,
Letter | Sign |Name As in a) Short Form for

i q
few, safe, for
view, Save, have have
thigh, bath, think think ©...

thy, bathe, them [RET eee
seal, ice, us
zeal, eyes, was was a ce
she, wish, shall shall _)

measure, treasure, usual | usual/ly ee
Ricoud atl ie nm vol <7 ee Y- sth

(a) they, say, fade, faith, shape, bathe, shade.
S|ies 2 wy aa f ic tees
(b) fed, fetch, death, shed, essay.
9. Vowels o and u
Long 6 is represented by a heavy dash, and is a second-place vowel—
lopteclt 6. .cu/etenie RC ar ai
toe, oat, bow, Joe, foe, oath, SO; owes,
show, showed, boat, both, vote.

4
NEW COURSE 5
Short u is represented by a light dash, and is a second-place vowel—
up, us, tub, touch, Dutch, judge.
Exercise 2
CHAPTER III
10. The Next Eight Consonants
The next eight consonants are all written forward. They are all
light strokes except g and ng—
Letter | Sign t Name i As in al Short Form for

t-
K se |) Kay cane, leak, come CORICR ae
G 72 | gay | gain, league, give | give or given. __
M 72 | em may, seem, him him...
N &” | en nay, seen, no
NG | & | ing long, sing, thing thing
L Pas el lay, coal, will lordcak
ee way | weigh, aware, we we «~
Y: ag yay youth, yellow, yes

1 i —— I! |
When a vowel comes before a horizontal stroke it is written above the

stroke; when a vowel comes after a horizontal stroke it is written
below the stroke.
~ - > OTS BPs Ta
cA LT
(a) ache, egg, gay, keg, cake, aim, may, make
: : = ;
came, game, gum, comb, no, know, mame, neck.
Re Gl le “ Cae A...
(b) ail, lay, laid, led, lake
EMS laartC Nea, RL AAUSree (ee ae

below, love, luck, lung, coal, goal, mail.
wile oe IA ae
(c) way, weigh, woe, web, wed, wedge, yoke, yellow.
NEW COURSE 7
(d) take, check, joke, became, beg, shake, folk,
shame, _ thumb, lunch, bunch, change, length, tongue.

In a phrase, the stroke / is used to represent the word will—
ee es /aan pelaie\iiohiing eat Cie ee VEE

it will, which will, who will, they will, it will be,
vd ak Ae ee CONGR Pree CK
it will have, they will be, they will have, etc.
Exercise 4
1. Nein XS.tee: {2 5 7 eee ee

PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 6
CHAPTER IV
11. First-place Vowels
The next four vowels are written in the first place, that is, at the
beginning of a stroke. When the first vowel in a word is a first-place
vowel, thé outline is written in first position, that is, the first down-
stroke or upstroke in the outline is written above the line. First-position
outlines consisting of horizontal strokes are written above the line.
(a) Long ah is represented by a heavy dot—
ee See
(6) Short @ is represented by a light dot—
at, add, path, pal, EPs back, bath, attack,
attach, tank, bank, damage, shadow, catch, cash,
gang, am, among, map, away, lack, manage,
es oo
annum, package.
(c) Long aw is represented by a heavy dash—
Pe << eae er
saw, paw, ball, bought, talk, tall, auto, _ chalk,
Se ae
jaw, — law.
(d) Short 6 is represented by a light dash—
got, lodge, lock, long, knock, watch, wash.

9
10 PITMAN SHORTHAND
SHORT FORMS
neler! ese
of ania Ofee oP ae ola had
Phrases—
©. om the, £.. but the (the signs for on and but slightly slanted).
Exercise 7
cA sae cS ya Sie Nae Stes oe

NEW COURSE 11
Exercise 8
~ / 2 3 ;
. x < 3
12. Second Position

When a second-place vowel is the first vowel in a word, the outline
is written in second position, that is, the first downstroke or upstroke
rests on the line—
12 PITMAN SHORTHAND
get, enough, Monday, engage, month, envelope,
Br, oof eects |ae

cup, leg, debt, coal, take.
Exercise 9
CHAPTER V
13. Third-place Vowels
The last four vowels are written in the third place. When a third-
place vowel comes between two strokes, it is put in third place before
the second stroke.
When a third-place vowel is the first vowel in a word, the outline
is written in third position, that is, the first downstroke or upstroke is
written through the line.
(a) Long é is represented by a heavy dot—
a Re |. foo ). ai ypre a) ee Kenge \ eee. ie
eal, ted, each, “see, she, ease, fee, feed, deep,
keep, leave, teach, theme, deal, _ meal, team.

(b) Short 7 is represented by a light dot—
Kens Pet Ne ee NG es ee ten: (NR Poe ay ee =] hoe foi
if, bit, pick, big, ship, _ live, inch, —kid, _—_ il,
bill, mill, — milk, thick, — width:

(c) Long oo is represented by a heavy dash—
‘ SS Ss
ee ): \ EN Reo ee a
chew, shoe, food, move, youth, tool, pool, cool, tooth.
(d) Short 00 is represented by a light dash—
book, took, look, wood, pull, push.

NOTE: The sound of y at the end of a word is represented by the light dot 7.
baby, lucky, money, copy, many, lady, family,
oak teal een

He monthly, daily, apology.
13
14 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Where an outline consists only of horizontal strokes and the first

vowel is a third-position vowel, the outline is written on the line—
key, kick, cook, ink, king.

Drop the 7 vowel in the termination -ing—
PORE EeAiehe Re ae i Ne So =
making, taking, leaving, living, looking, asking,
mailing, talking, washing.
SHORT FORMS
| different or difference, | _) wish, \ put \ be, _' owe,
—— =e /
“ in or any.
Sere
can, £0, ought,
Short Form Derivatives: \_- being, Es doing,\ having, —— going.
Exercise 10
\ asey ric A rorNighy
eS ey a
NEW COURSE 15
16 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 12
2 sic, el
c
hind oeeal hi vce
poe
:
|
Se eee Kg Soe
| bee x
CHAPTER VI
14. Two Forms for R
L Letter Sign Name As in
R og ray raw, reach, carry
aN ar car, air, dare
red, ‘raw, road, route, rug, rush, ring, reach, ready,
readily, retail, wrong, range, rank, relief, relieve.

When a word begins with the combination “‘vowel-r” use _\. as in—
Che ee a, a ass
air, arm, or, ear, early, army.
SHORT FORMS
FB (up) are, / (up) our or hour, “ (up) and, 7 (up) should.

NOTE: Chay and Ray: These strokes are somewhat similar, but they are
different in slope and in the direction in which they are written. Chay is always
written downward at a small angle from the vertical.
Ray is always written upward at a small angle from the horizontal.
For the inclusion of consonant 7 in shorthand writing, see Introduction, p. viii.
Exercise 13
18 PITMAN SHORTHAND
car, far, per, error, appear, fear, fur, assure.

(6) Words that end in -ore or -air, however spelled, are written with
a second-place heavy vowel, as in— '
Ser aw aes 4atl Dy eectia hie eee ae

door, pour, pear, shore, share, four, fair, bear.
(c) When a word ends with the combination “‘r-vowel” use 7 as
carry, marry, ferry, memory, factory, injury, borrow,
eee ae 7 ee Nel ieee ie

dairy, jury, narrow, thorough, vary, tomorrow.
NEW COURSE a9
SHORT FORMS
ge your, | Ae year, ) whose, / ~, large; ( thank or thanked.
NOTE: In the phrase “to go” . —- the vowel is inserted.
Exercise 14
20 PITMAN SHORTHAND
16. In order to avoid awkward joinings r is written—

(a) Downward before m—
ayaa fos a tok 2S er eereh! ei ee Ae

¢
room, Rome, remedy, form, firm, alarm, remove.
(6) Upward before ¢, d, ch, j and th—
errata, arid, arch, urge, earth,
(c) Upward after a straight upstroke— Bee? a
rear, rare, roar, aware, career, lawyer.
NOTE: Usually it is better to write upward r in the middle of a

word—
fourth, mark, parade, _ thoroughly.
Exercise 15
NEW COURSE 21
2—(S.517)
PITMAN SHORTHAND
CHAPTER VII
17. Diphthongs
The four double vowels used in Pitman’s Shorthand are i, oi, ow,
and u, as heard in the words J enjoy Gow’s music. —
(a) The diphthong i is represented by a small angular mark written as
shown, in the first vowel place—
ee ea
pie, pipe, tie, type, die, by, buy, time, my,
y :
v
AN AST ts ee CHE AN PONE SP RTE OO NEM a tetera e saree Se Vinocees

retire, arrive, pile, bite, ~~ dime, rye, knife, mile,
aie
SS ee Te Go ONG Olen oa ee
boy, joy, enjoy, toy, boil, boiler, annoy, coil,
ai ee
toil, coy, __ alloy.
(c) The diphthong ow is written as shown, in the third vowel place—
Dee an loud, mouth, row, couch, outlay, lounge, county.

(d) The diphthong u is represented by a small semicircle written in
the third vowel place—
Nile nthe
beauty, duty, failure, cure, endure, cube, _ bureau,

4
LoS
Vv
tube, occupy.
23
24 PITMAN SHORTHAND
SHORT FORMS
. NEW COURSE 25
Be neme eet So oes LIIRSIG Sonliriy

26 PITMAN SHORTHAND
18. Joined Diphthongs

(a) The diphthong signs are joined to strokes when an easy joining can
be made—
new, avenue, review, value, renew, revenue, bough or bow.
(6) The sign for ow is contracted in the word ~~ now.

(c) The sign for i is contracted before /, m, k, and upward r to form
such phrases as—
(d) The short form you is turned on its side to form the phrases—
se € 3
Reg enegs sacs avdeagetcne’sécnaansace —r-- Rak iosRuka eece arasceeesaee Ee CONN
a5sade getee nn eae ER ee ee
can you, give you, with you, when you, what you,
ean A Sakae : ae ore
would you, _are you, etc.
19. Triphones
Olea, ~~
Oe
enjoying,
ees
power, shower,
x
tower, towel,
Sra
fewer, _ issuing.
Exercise 19
NEW COURSE 27
Distinctive Outlines: \... pure, \...... poor.

28 PITMAN SHORTHAND
5 © Al > oy Aiea We ae < ae. ;oes eee me Si
als, aes ions a | on tak a (99)
Exercise 21
NEW COURSE 29
20. Consonant H
he, high, hay
hope, happy, head
(a) When h is the only consonant stroke, or is followed by k or g,

use the downward form—
he, hay, high, hake, Haig,
and also in the derivatives of words written with the downward h—
ae aa»
highly, higher, highway, _hayrick.
(2) Use the upward form when 2 is joined to other consonants—
happy, hope, head, heavy, hotel, hang, huge, hurry.
(c) The word hope is contracted to the stroke p to form the phrases
I hope, I hope you will, I hope you are, we hope,
we hope you will, we hope you are, etc.
(d) The word he is represented in the middle or at the end of a phrase

by the short form ..1.... In other cases 7. is used.
oh » Pee i Pte ee Se pig ab
ifhe, ifhe should, but he will.
30 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 22
i ee ee oa
CHAPTER VIII
21. S Circle
The very frequently occurring consonant s, and its corresponding
heavy sound z, are represented by a small circle as well as by the
strokes.) and.)
The small circle joins easily to other consonant strokes at the beginning,
in the middle, or at the end of a word. At the beginning of a word,
the s circle is always read first; at the end of a word, the s circle is
always read last.
The s circle is written inside a curve—
- fo ;
Ane ta © ee ar, Poe PaaS y ed Boe ol oe SBA cote: Ne
(a) face, these, shoes, loss, knows, names, bills,
Fe er Oe co
else, anxious, less, months, leaves, shows, lose,
\4 ee
=, waar)
Per eae ae> eee: BO ee! VTEere Jhe Nee. & G os Neds bt et
miss, arms, ears, nice, size, voice, invoice,
A fixe
Se Ae We Roce oes a aserad SEE oh am

announce, advice, news, views, refuse, items,
23S et ed EE ee issa ces ae le ies a Pia et bert qt

(b) safe, seem, slow, song, silk, sir, small,
ae 4S aoe shane! igeee ft ers A Caen Ae ae see how
Sunday, sense, sale, sales, save, saving, sell,
; ; R ;
tone Peseta 6X eee ora att ns aN ee ee oe ee eae arena Gs
selling, sleep, snow, some, soon, sun, since,
y age gw
A
soil, south, sign, salary.
(c) message, absence, business, cousin, reason, receive,

31
oz PITMAN SHORTHAND
aS - Eee ee ere ican
receiving, passing, dozen, inside, music, Wednesday.
SHORT FORMS
ee has or as, 0 his or is, &__ several, Kees _G this, ~-{.--thus.

NEW COURSE 33
22. The s circle is written with a left (anti-clockwise) motion to straight

strokes.
(a) This means that it is written on the right side of straight down-
strokes—
34 PITMAN SHORTHAND
sat, said, sets, speech, such, sad, sit, city,
en ee eee a os ©coe be
cities, stay, spare, Saturday, side, suit, etc. (et cetera),
outside; decide, Tuesday.
(6) It is written on the upper side of straight horizontal strokes and

straight upstrokes—
ell Shs (ee pe Sp Se a. AE ine (SESS S al
guess, looks, box, fix, folks, case, cause, sick, soak,
enTeVapfol
ees eae 11) Remar Pe OV ton Sos Were GE chee Ba csr Ee
six, sake, secure, securely, excuse, use, ways, yes, raise,
eet a ME AS a A
house, carries, marries, varies, twice, sorry, series, service.
SHORT FORMS
because, X\.. special or specially, ee speak,
_.X_ subject or subjected.

The s circle is added to short forms—
[ge CM tae Wate eM ee Oe ee
speaks; subjects, yours, years, ours or hours, wishes,
RES ¢ ae ae
SOI A sn 2a5GcSSW swaySor he ERR Raa
er A = TO eee= Me eek
thinks, thanks, goes, gives, comes, things,
differences, puts, etc.

NEW COURSE 35
Exercise 26
36 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 27
NEW COURSE 37
forus, tous, giveus, takeus, showus, making us,
charge us, etc.
NOTE: .°. with us, .«...when is, _.. Bae when is the, >. what is,
a>
what is the.
Exercise 28
ee... raeR aces oe phe ee iedee BN oeee Sig Sa cNt oN aa

38 PITMAN SHORTHAND
NEW COURSE 39
24. The s circle is written on the outside of the angle formed by two
straight strokes—
desk, __ discuss, dispose, besides, opposite, _justice,

i
sixty, succeed, receipt, history.
25. The circle at the beginning of a word represents s only.

In the few words beginning with z, the stroke z is used—
ee
zeal, zero, zenith, etc.
Exercise 29
40 PITMAN SHORTHAND
5
heer —— ae froik op
ee et anaeswes x | OD
al
26. Upward r is used following the curve and circle in words like—
see Ae ee
officer, answer, sincere,
even though the words do not end with a vowel; because a much
more swiftly written and readable outline is obtained in this way.
(See p. 18.)
27. The stroke / may easily be written downward, and when it pre-
cedes or follows circle s attached to a curve it is written in the
same direction as the circle—
vessel, nicely, cancel, council, lesson, noiseless, muscle, loosely.
Exercise 30
CHAPTER IX
28: St Loop
(a) A small loop, written in the same direction as the s circle, repre-
sents st (called ‘“‘stee’’)—
S Ye 4
stuff, style, steel, still, stone, stem, _ store.
post, based, test, just, adjust, suggest, fixed,
Reena aoe meio SS een ee SoS nee Se aS eenetaceon we ae cuecse He SaaS ra ae
guest or guessed, cost, waste, rest, haste, host.

i
step, state, stayed, stage, stock, story.

(6) The st loop represents either a light or heavy final sound—
2
SS ns agae en Leee —
past, paused, used, advised, refused, disposed, supposed.
Final s circle after a st loop is added as shown—
Sp eS dy eee. Z3 ie Dns f: ae.

lists, posts, tests, wastes, adjusts, costs, suggests.
(c) The st loop may be written in the middle of a word—
testing, adjusting, suggesting, artistic.
SHORT FORMS
0first, “~ most, —° influence, ~ influenced, a next, ~ all,‘though.
NOTE: although, 4) all right, MA. already, wv always,

almost, J): also, & as fast as.
41
42 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 31
——
Distinctive Outlines: |... cost, Tae caused.
Vai
We)
~
co
| NEW COURSE 43
Dae ea a 7“ er ia re SA
Coe pods sere eh ae a oe
29. Str Loop

A large final loop, written in the same direction as the s circle,
represents ster—
master, register, faster, poster, minister, administer,
a oa
een er
investor, Leicester, Chester, Rochester, coaster, _ roadster.
The ster loop is not used at the beginning of a word.
The s circle is added for such words as—
SH ae ey eee OP ne ea
masters, registers, posters, investors.
Exercise 32
44 PITMAN SHORTHAND
in, ee) eee Se eee ae ee ee

ey
30. Ses Circie

(a) A large final circle represents ses, or sez. This large circle is
written in the same direction as the circle s—
faces, losses, services, cases, pieces, boxes, _ taxes,
success, passes, fixes, causes, uses, chooses, supposes.

(b) The large circle also represents ses in the middle of a word—
‘
Pa abe ealeles eae ee oe ae

necessary, necessity, successive, successfully.
(c) Any vowel other than short @ between the two s’s is indicated by
basis, insist, exhaust, resist, census, exercise, exercises.

NEW COURSE 45
SHORT FORMS
_G. themselves, _&..ourselves, eo eGsel ecu Issas myself,
cos... himself, wf itself, . / much,
Exercise 33
46 PITMAN SHORTHAND
8.
be 2! ee
Ce) (Ot Gee
>:
Exercise 34
(Write in Shorthand)
(Phrases are indicated by hyphens. Short Forms are indicated by italic type.)
1% Are-you enjoying your study of-this subject? JI-hope-you-are.

7, When you-can write these exercises fast, you-will-be on-your way
to-making your living in a business office.
. Besides its value to-you, I-hope-you like-the subject for-itself.
. As you know, this subject is widely used in business offices, but
it-has many uses besides this.
. You-can use it for-many different purposes. Can-you name some
of-them?
. The success of-many a famous head of a Jarge business firm is
due to-his study of-this subject. It-was-the first step in-his business
career.
. Write-the signs as-fast-as you-can. Always read back what you-
write.
. Each time you-write an exercise you-should write it faster and read
it back faster.
. Write-the forms just-as they appear in-this book.
. In-time you-may, if-you wish, write these same forms as-fast-as
you-can speak.
NEW COURSE 47
31. Sw Circle
(a) A large initial circle represents sw (called “sway’’). The sw circle
_is written in the same direction as the s circle—
| Se eee e ee fo heen 6. inhi Bore Sioa (OTA cates OLY...
sweep, sweet, sweetest, swell, swelling, swim, swing,
swear, switch, swiftest, swayed.
(6) The sw circle represents the words as we in such phrases as—
Ae Matodas Bios potion.Wut.Sees: wrt

as we have, as we think, as we shall, as we wish,
On QU o= Gra
as we may, asweknow, aswecan, as wear’, etc.

y?
It is also used to form the phrase 6 _as well as.
(c) The large circle represents the two s’s in such phrases as—
Asante sam 6me ee e Age ae OS oe

this.is, this is the, this city, as soonds, as soon as possible.
SHORT FORMS
OQ... United States, . <<. New York, f largest.

4
Special Phrase: OQ. United States of America.
Exercise 35
ite ry Ns gr inn es — :
48 PITMAN SHORTHAND
32. Vowel Indication

(a) A circle or loop is always read first at the beginning of a word.
When a vowel begins a word, we must write a stroke in order to
place the initial vowel sign—
NEW COURSE 49
sack but ask, sleep but asleep, sum. but assume,
ae a ea ,ae
Scope but escape, __ side but aside.
(6) A circle or loop is always read last at the end of a word. When
a word ends in a vowel, we must write a stroke in order to place
the final vowel sign—
bees but busy, police but policy, honest but honesty,
LE Sots Blonelot Unelach

ee ae
lace but lazy, _—modest but modesty.
(c) When a vowel occurs between s and 1, the st loop is not used—
deposed but deposit, vast but visit, opposed but opposite,

cp ee ade Zlatan
best but beset, rest but receipt.
The outline thus indicates the presence or absence of a vowel sound.
(d) As there are no places alongside a circle or loop for placing vowel
signs, we must write—
us, SO, SOW OF Sew, Say, Says, See,
seized or ceased, seizes OY ceases, ice, essay, eyes,
ease, easy, owes.

50 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Special Phrases: dey... much, “ar much, Ss oda much,
f as much as, “6 inasmuch as, as much as possible,
NOTE: In Pitman Shorthand we represent all the consonants we hear in the

words we write. Except for the “‘short forms,” where for the sake of extreme
brevity we use only one or two of the consonants in a word, we do not normally
resort to the expedient of writing only some part of a word. This is one of the
reasons for the remarkable legibility of Pitman Shorthand.
As we proceed we shall find that the various abbreviating devices of the system
enable us to represent all the consonants in words in concise, legible, and
rapid shorthand forms. These outlines are so clearly distinctive that it is
unnecessary to insert the vowel signs. The outlines are perfectly legible without
them.
In addition to writing a full outline of the consonants, we employ a means of

indicating the presence or absence of a vowel with very nearly every abbrevia-
ting device of the system. Another expedient, highly prized by the fastest and
most accurate shorthand writers in the world, is position writing. It is not
surprising, therefore, that the system is so legible.
From now on we shall omit all but essential vowel signs in the shorthand
exercises ; but we shall take care to insert essential vowels to eliminate any
possibility of hesitation in reading back shorthand notes.
Exercise 36
NEW COURSE 51
oz PITMAN SHORTHAND
AERO. ye Vasant
Exercise 40
1. Suppose some big customer of-yours ceased to-deal-with-you.
What-would you do? We-think-you would write to-him, asking if-he
had any special reason for-his silence.
2. This-is what we-are-now asking-you. Although in-the past our

business with-you in-this-city was extensive, several months have
elapsed since you last had any dealings with-us. We should like to
know why, as-we-are unaware of any failure to-give-you-the best
service.
3. We always desire to-satisfy all-our customers, large buyers

or small. We assure-you we-shall-do anything we-can to put things
right, if-you think our service in-any-way faulty. (118)
NEW COURSE 53
Exercise 41
1.. I-have-seen your notice in to-day’s “Star,” and-I should-like to-have
details of-your new Masters’ Reading Series. J-think such a series
should make a wide appeal, and-I-wish-you much success with-it.
2. Many of-those who have-seen my set of “Stories of-the Earth, Sea,

and Sky” speak highly of-it, and-several, I-know, have bought
similar sets for-themselves.
3. I-am-sorry you have allowed ‘Poster Designing” to-go out of stock.

Such a book, it-seems to-me, should-have a large sale, as so-many
are-now taking-up-the study of-this-subject. In-view of-this, may I
suggest a new issue? (116)
CHAPTER X
33. Halving
Strokes are halved to indicate a following ¢ or d.
(a) In words of one sy/lable a light stroke is generally halved to indicate

a following ¢ but not a following d—
lath Le Soe a
aawa seni Baa ase a fire Br POE eOneE thy Leer E a7 ae EES
not, note, aunt, act, caught, coat, cut, met,
ne 16 tee ures eae laiein aes) rile ee

meet, fat, _ fight, thought, art, wait, yet, lot,
eae ae oe ee e
light, slight, late, let, stopped, asked, talked,
Se /e ) eee
kept, reached, shipped, marked, left, checked.
NOTE: ~~”. night.
The s circle is always read last: +e notes, ~ acts, ©" thoughts,
& lots, 2 waits, nights.
(6) In words of one syllable a heavy stroke is generally halved to

indicate a following d but not a following :—
N \’
aes, No toed} a a ae A
lived, changed.
SHORT FORMS
nn guite, could, 4 that, (without, °~ sent, _/ wished.

54
NEW COURSE 55
Exercise 42
56 PITMAN SHORTHAND
34. (a) In words of two or more syllables, a stroke is generally halved
to indicate a following t or d—
(1) attached, answered, except, suggested, avoid, market,
oe ee oe = io 1a ie
Sopa
recent, absent, admit, arrived, engaged, enjoyed,
es een 5eee pacira pT i ay aoe

estate, stated, exact, result, benefit, booklet.
(2 actually,
—
writing, badly, lately, entire, entirely,
evidence, sometimes, waiting, certain, goodbye, absolutely.

i]
(3) omit, omitted, note, noted, accept, accepted, submit,

vl
submitted, await, awaited, limit, limited, visit,
visited, list, listed, remit, remitted, deduct, deducted,
notify, notified, invited.

(b Sa A half-length stroke is not written through the line to indicate a
third position. Words like the following are written on the line— ~
7) eC e e n Ee CR She
east, feet, fit, sheets, bid, did, written, invite, indeed,
/
needed, instead, little, moved.
NEW COURSE 57
(c) Where a final diphthorig is joined, a single stroke is generally

halved to indicate a final t or d—
‘doubt, about, bowed, cute, issued.
Exercise 44
58 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 45
NEW COURSE By)
(80)
Exercise 48
We-have-sent several notes to-you asking-you to pay-the bill for-the-
goods you bought six-months-ago, but-you have-not answered any
of-them.
We-are-sorry to say that now we-shall-have to-take-the usual steps to-
avoid-the loss of-our money, if-your cheque is-not received by-the first
of next month. We urge you to-mail your cheque to-us without-delay.
(74)
35. (a) To avoid confusion with ~..should and ~ and, we do not
use < rtand 7 rts standing alone. Therefore we write—
EA ie te | len 4
rate, rates, right, rights, write, wrote, route.
(6) In certain words, where the proper length of a halved stroke

would not clearly show, the halving prinziple is not employed—
ee eli sleet Seminal. A AA ei

Vv
fact, effect, liked, locate, minute, select, territory, tonight.
(c) When a final vowel follows ¢ or d, it is necessary to write the

stroke f or d in order to place the vowel sign—
s yi as SA te S4- oni =a ae:
pity, body, forty, window, empty, into, Toronto.

60 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 49
NEW COURSE 61
Exercise 52
Exercise 53
Do-you know that-we sell good tyres? It-is-not-necessary for-you to
buy tyres in a repair shop, for our store now carries them. You-
can buy them when you-are in-the store, just-as you would select silks,
or something for-your house.
These tyres are good value, and-they sell rapidly. Each of-them carries
our guarantee. (63)
Exercise 54
It-is quite some time since you bought anything in-this store. J-am-
writing to-you myself, because I should-be sorry to-lose your custom.
It-may-be that-we-have offended you in-some-way. If-this-is-the case,
I-hope-you-will write to-me. Our service and our way of-doing business
are things which-we boast about. /t-would-be a pity fo stay away
because of-something which could-be easily remedied, and you-should-
not hesitate to-write to-me and let-me-know-the cause. (95)
36. Downward L
Usually / is written upward.
(1) For convenience, / is usually written downward after n or ng—
62 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Nn al MMMM ae of
' 1 ae x
Co
only, unless, until, canal, analysis, exceedingly, annual,
— mea saa ee Ee ee EL.

evidently, unfortunately, recently, certainly, Nelson.
(2): For the purpose of vowel indication, / is written downward in the
following two cases—
(a) When an initial vowel comes before /, and the / is followed by a
simple horizontal stroke—
alone, along, Allen, alike, elm, elect, elected,
but ee like, lake. lime.

(b) When / follows f, v, sk, or a straight upstroke, and a vowel does
not end the word—
fail, fall,
fain awful, _feel,
Ae feeling,
agate
fell, fill, full, veal,
Se Os (ee Sl ee ie he Pete: ote
=-
skill, rule, __ scale, harrel successful, useful, __ rail.

When a vowel ends the word, / is written ee
t X
Ke ee als ee A Cee IS —
folly, Paine Benak: fully, lovely, successfully,
ie
usefully,
SS
yellow,
ae
—_rely, __sickly.
Special Outlines: se volume, aS ees Kee pilin.
SHORT FORMS
eA: inform-ed, ~\__ never, November, Be Satisfactory,
van respect-ed, — \ expect-ed, men inspect-ed-ion, L January,
ae February, \. together, altogether, a7... insurance.
NEW COURSE
Exercise 55
64 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 56
pods Sas £
pie Feeake Meect ae
NEW COURSE 65
Wr bo ach abba =: ee)

ea re. ee Oa (a (132)
37. Abbreviated W
A small initial semicircle, written as shown, is used as an abbrevia-
tion for w at the beginning of k, g, m, and upward and downward r—
week or weak, walk, walked, wig, womanly, worry, worth,
Be ee Vv
ae NN a ke
worthy, were, wear, wire, work, worked, worse, worst.
NOTE: The small semicircle is always read first. When a vowel

begins a word, the stroke w must be written—
Cae LS) e oe
awake, awoke, aware.
Special Phrases: Ps _ you were, A which were, . ao were,
WRC ETO we were.
Exercise 58
PITMAN SHORTHAND
We Le
NEW COURSE 67
Exercise 59
Exercise 60
I-wish to-thank-you for-the catalogue which-you-were good-enough
to post to-me recently. Several books listed on page 21 appear to-be
just what I-am looking for. I-have marked them on-the attached sheet.
Although I-think that-these books should-be useful to-me in-my work,
I should like to inspect them to see if-they would-be satisfactory. May
any of-the books be sent back to-you if, when I-have looked at-them,
I-decide that-they would-not-be satisfactory for-my purpose? (96)
CHAPTER XI
38. Double Consonants—P! Series
A small beginning hook, written on the circle side of straight down-
strokes and k and g, forms a series of double consonants—
pl fbb Oy eel ech lem ie ee

These double consonants are called pel, bel, etc. The vowel signs are
placed to them just as they are placed to single consonants—
plate, played, plus, blue, black, blame, blank,
block, class, clear, clerk, close, closed, enclose,

'
Ro varcvanecet aaa m4 eee | Fee nS ae es Ree conte ee
cloth, clothes, club, claim, glass, glad, single,
apply, applied, replied, simple, couple, able, enable,
double, table, reasonable, terrible, oblige, total,

“AV <
eh oes WV. Ree Pes ee a (Sate eee
entitled, include, included, including, local, uncle,
article, duplicate, o’clock.
Distinctive Outlines: NS ibahiabie, x coed available.

68
NEW COURSE 69
An s circle is written inside the hook of the pl series—
supply, supplied, split, settle, settled, possible,
ae meg ie ae = = Aiibe ees b Cas eres a3

possibly, sae displace, disclose, Physical, —_exclusive.
SHORT FORMS
Ne
eerie
people,
NS
Ss belief, believe or believed, t’ ath Me.
( till,
Cc
AK _ deliver, delivered or delivery, call, called, < equal
or equally, c equalled or cold, .\. build or building (or able-to).
Phrases: di at all, ~ by all, . Ne believe, S able to.
Exercise 61
ae pe ee Ne & / Rh te
RG ae ae (39)
CE Sie [ Yo PGP Se cee See me
oe ss Pia are one ee oe (Oe es Nie ato ie

PITMAN SHORTHAND
NEW COURSE 71
72 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 64
We-enclose a booklet which gives details of-our plate-glass window
insurance. When-you renew your insurance we-believe it-will pay you
to-take-out this type of policy.
You-will-note that-we-are able-to give-you especially useful service.
As-soon-as-we receive your claim we replace-the glass. Your claim is
settled without-delay, and a cheque Jarge enough to pay for all-the
damage, including any damage to-your window display, is sent to-you.
(83)
39. Double Consonants—Pr Series
A small initial hook, written on the non-circle side of straight down-
strokes and k and g, forms a series of double consonants—
pr, br, tr, dr, chr, jr, kr, fae

These double consonants are called per, ber, etc.
SS ss See eal Saeee ee ee oe

(a) pray, press, price, propose, presume, present,
NG ee eee ae oe ee re ces
April, break, _ branch, bridge, bring, bright, broke,
< fh Ve \ es a:
=P. ead, Cmmle eileen oF cd Seats eeentenb ae ne ects a Ke ANS
brought, try, trial, trip, truly, trust, trusting,
dry, drop, dream, dress, address, grow, —_—group,
eases sacs thgusqueSvauesnaucnns Seen sencsnrsnacyavevevsractsawantienas ste cepO.esmuncsrunal seen eae

A
Sreatest, grades, across, crop, cream, cry, credit, crowd.
ma, ON —~] :
(6) better, labour, teacher, manager, proceed, progress,
Nv IN ORR ae eee a Re Pate Sin TH Shoe

properly, increased, programme, __ problem, proud,
NEW COURSE 73
alice: [PTS ce es ee CG
eg a Gob pondan Sree x (70)
4 ORS
74 PITMAN SHORTHAND
NEW COURSE 75
Exercise 68
Dear Dr. Waters, We-are taking-the liberty of asking-you to address
our graduates on-Monday, 29th-January. Our principal and teachers,
as-well-as-the graduates, wou’d-be proud to-have-you deliver an
address. We-know-that what-you-would tell-us as-the principal speaker
on-our programme would-be remembered by-all our graduates for-
many-years to-come.
We-know-that-you have many calls to-speak, and-that your time is
exceedingly valuable, but-we-feel that-you-will-be-glad to-talk to-us
if-you possibly can. We-trust that-you-will-be-able-to accept. Yours-
truly, (107)
40. (a) When an initial circle or loop is written on the same side as
the hook of the pr series, the r is included—
Spring, strange, strong, street, straight, strength,
supper, separate, secretary, sweeter, sticker.
(6) Both hook and circle are shown in the middle of a word—
hie nes ee So...

extra, extremely, industry, district, express.
76 PITMAN SHORTHAND
(c) When skr or sgr follows t or d, the combinations are written thus—
ney et en a SPT
describe, disgrace, disagree.
Distinctive Outlines: Saeed oe property,
SX propose, > No... purpose.

SHORT FORMS
NEW COURSE 77
Exercise 70
41. Special Use of Double Consonants

In a special group of words, the double consonant strokes are used
although a distinct vowel comes between a consonant and hook / or
hook r. The double consonant strokes are employed in order to secure
briefer or more facile outlines. The most important of these words are
given below.
Although it is seldom necessary to vocalize these special outlines, a
dot vowel may be indicated by writing a small circle instead of the
dot, either after or before the double consonant stroke—
parcel, darling, dark, charm, direct, directly.
The short é vowel is never indicated in words like ‘S\g!v person,
shea girl, ie term.

A dash vowel, or a diphthong, is shown by writing the vowel sign or
diphthong sign through, or at the beginning or end of the stroke—
Seow aa BO eet
college, accordance, accordingly, course, court, church,
78 PITMAN SHORTHAND
occurred, record, purchase, correct, collect, courtesy,
attorney, lecture, literature, lectures.
Distinctive Outlines: 4... regard, an regret.
Exercise 71
454
N
ao x
Vv ~N
NEW COURSE 79
80 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 75
1. If-you-will bring me a supply of-samples of-this new breakfast food,
I-will-try to-close-the deal with-the firm myself.
2. During-the course of-my lecture, [-shall try to show how-the progress
of art is related to-the growth of industry.
NEW COURSE 81
3. When I-know what-the proposed water power scheme includes,

I-shall-be-glad to-express my views.
4. A loud voice troubles and annoys us. Pleasant voices resemble
sweet music.
5. Castles in-the air are fabrics which soon crumble, but dreamers
have solved many a pressing problem.
6. Few people are able themselves to better-the labour of-those they
blame.
Exercise 76
Dear-Sirs, Because-of-the rapidly increasing cost of copper and steel,
we-are-obliged to increase-the prices of-many of-the articles included
in our catalogue. We extremely regret-the necessity of passing on-the
higher charges to-our customers, but at-the present-time this-is-the
only possible course we-can follow.
You-will-be notified when better terms are available on-our supplies,
and-we-are thus enabled to-reduce-the prices. Yours-truly, (79)
42. Double Consonants—Curves

(a) A small initial hook, written on the inside of curves, forms a
series of double consonant strokes, fr, vr, etc.—
a i ote <a oie Ss ee

Friday, afraid, average, every, everybody, other,
A eo ee « id ae oe Pigeon bergen 7 =) i
Vv
otherwise, author, shrub, shrink, dinner, pressure,
measure, leisure, enclosure, favour, favourable,
ms ge See es Se ee
favoured, endeavour, honour, manner, effort, efforts,
sooner, summer, farmers, nervous, corner, north, normal.

82 PITMAN SHORTHAND
(6) A large initial hook, written on the inside of curves, forms the
double consonants 1, vl, etc.—
ie a ae ee ee ee
fy, flat, flowers, evil, civil, arrival, approval,
“Re ree em aePORTA ke Eres oa aL Ln Lh

beautiful, delightful, _final, __finally, _ original, _ originally,
caret % Diset sia ae ers etnies Pena oe
privilege, personal, personally, travel.
SHORT FORMS
[aos
= nor (or in our), <_near, Owns. Skowners more,
4 SS
remark or remarked, —\ remarkable, <> Mr. or mere, o, sure,
_/_ pleasure, a _larger, Sa keel C

everything, . V over,
A... however, ne: respectful-ly.
Exercise 77
NEW COURSE 83
84 PITMAN SHORTHAND
(124)
43. Additional Forms

(a) The double consonants fr, vr, thr, and THr, are represented by
Sear: NO”, thr, )..THr (reverse forms), as well as by

asf, Nor, A thr, TH (original forms).
NEW COURSE 85
When one of these double consonant strokes is the only stroke in the
word, the reverse form is used if the word does not begin with a vowel—
but either, ever, offer, offered, other.

(5) When joined to another stroke, the forms are used which join
most conveniently. Usually, the reverse forms are joined to strokes
written towards the right—
Beat) ae a ee ee
-
before, bother, leather, brother, cover, covered,

cay) ;
cat Saber ere ncurmoveems
syeccmcasye tPowe Grewccnec esas csencetancnesccsncccccavccescHessuse 5 eB ex ccocpwestencesssecene eeseers esccesncesscevecceccess
1 —
discover, forgot, gather, lever, Hanover.

NOTE: ...y.. Thursday, ~ptiry SS fresh
(c) After k, g,n, ora straight upstroke, ff and v/ are reversed—
rifle, reflect, naval, novel, rival, cavalry.
44. The double consonant stroke shi is always written upward. The
stroke shr is always written downward—
AD ye ie een ee
official, shelf, partial, specialize, speciality, essential,
oe ee Sy baxteeee Ly=
ae
artificial, pressure, Fisher.
45. The heavy sign <-is used to represent ng-kr or ng-gr—_
thinker, banker, conquer, finger, stronger.
SHORT FORMS
PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 80
NEW COURSE 87
88 PITMAN SHORTHAND
: i )
Exercise 82
Dear-Sirs, We-are afraid that-we-shall-be unable-to recover-the total
sum due on-your claim unless you adopt different measures. We-have
used special efforts, but up to-the present we-have met with no success
in-our endeavours to-get-the debtor to settle. We-are-unable-to collect
any money, nor can-we extract any promise from-him.
We-think-you-will-be-obliged finally to pass-the claim over to-your
solicitors. Please notify us if-you wish-us to proceed with-the case and
take this step for-you. Very-truly-yours, (100)
CHAPTER XII
46. N Hook
(a) A small final hook, written on the inside of curves, adds n—
fine, phone, often, even, seven, than, then, zone,
ee Gs ame “eg een el ea es

shown, machine, man, men, mean, remain,
salesman, mine, nine, none, known, line, loan,
iron, earn, women.
(6) The x hook is written with a right (clockwise) motion at the end
of all straight strokes—
pen, pain, open, plan, brown, ten, ton,
Za:
il 6RES: Secs er SEAT AC fovecePyececeeceeceeeeeeeeeceed a ;
al iFseahies
retain, forgotten, fifteen, bulletin, done,
pardon, drawn, kitchen, join, June, imagine,

5 ea)
Poa Ar lL eta Wieser [eseSee Sete LD earn rere eee Sas Peon
clean, Edmonton, taken, gone, green, begin,
rain, run, one, everyone, win, between, children.
Final r, when hooked, is usually written upward—
Vo DCR PE, le / poe

turn, return, learn, western, corn, pattern, Woburn.
89
90 PITMAN SHORTHAND
SHORT FORMS
>». been, a general or generally, (.. within, G. southern,

northern, ..»—2..opinion.
Phrases: ee, been, \.. have been, “> more than, | better than,
larger than, SLD smatter than, _/7_our own, 2D) their own,
going on, Jcarried on.
Exercise 83
NEW COURSE 91
92 PITMAN SHORTHAND
AMENDS WR ep ntises. A
Vf See es eee (35)
ho es
ae
(29)
(43)
47. F or V Hook
(a) A small final hook, written with a left (anticlockwise) motion at
the end of all straight strokes, adds f or v—
Se Xe ale
brief, proof or prove, approve, above, active, relative,

on ¥ :
Eminence ia a
attractive, drive, achieve, gave, rough, serve, deserve,
preserve, __ reserve, wife, _ half.

(6) There is no f or v hook to curves.
SHORT FORMS
represent or represented, LASS representative, S behalf,
ee advantage.
Phrases: of out of, S number of, ..f...instead of, . is which have,
...L...who have.
NEW COURSE 93
Exercise 85
94 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 86
PA BR eo See REN L.
ae oe ee . §f ew
2 ae ‘ 3 Ne ies “was
ks eS oa el tee
NEW COURSE 95
48. A finally hooked stroke is halved to indicate a following t or d—
(a) find, _found, event, meant or mend, demand, mind,
—~
amount, moment, statement, payment, movement, settlement,
shipment, _ friend, _front, department, land, around,
ee et ea ie ne oT Se
(6) opened, band, print, plant or planned, spent or spend, point,
Ne ee d...
Ai , ame =>
stand, president, kind, count, account, discount, second,
Bh OPO 2 ae ete VA ae
grand, inclined, went, want, turned, current, round, returned.
(c) approved, gift, served, draft, achieved, deserved,
reserved, observed.
SHORT FORMS
xd gentleman, J gentlemen, > cannot, told, | tried,

1. trade or toward, ‘) third.
Phrases: 4 had not or donot, | did not.
If it is necessary to indicate in your shorthand notes that a longhand
abbreviation is to be used, write a fully vocalized outline for the
abbreviation—
64 hadn't, S7- don't, U.. didn’t, Fe doesn’ t, > haven't,

“ won't, 0. isn’t, ~,J..couldn’t, a2 can't.
NOTE: — ~.can not (separate words).

96 PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 87
a a iereae
DEN omy
Exercise 88
NEW COURSE 97
Exercise 89
Gentlemen, Please be kind-enough fo supply-the items on-the attached
list as-soon-as-possible. At-the present moment fthere-is an active
demand for-them, and-we-hope that-we-can count on having them
within three days. If-you find that-you-cannot supply them within
that-time, please-inform-us by return.
Please-note-that-the exact items specified are to-be supplied. If-you-
are out-of stock of any of-the items, do-not supply different articles.
Anything that-is-not exactly as specified should-be returned. Yours-
truly, (95)
98 PITMAN SHORTHAND
49. Hooks for v and n are used in the middle of a word when they
join easily to the following strokes—
igs icity 2 ae LG alate alll
(a) evening, finance, arrange, arrangement, opening,
pie ete {GOs ME Bs oh at on

planning, training, attended, splendid, extended,
merchandise, hundred, beginning.
Se os ie ae e
(6) perfect, profit, provide, provided, _ private, advance,
veer Lege eng ade

definite, definitely, telephone, __ refer, _prefer, _province.
ae men? Le! os NOI eee Pe Se

(c) pointing, standing, spending, finding, printing,
amounting, mountain, extending, apparently,
memorandum, correspondence, country, kindly, kindness.
but note: wanted, printed, meantime, seconded, accounted.
Exercise 90
NEW COURSE 99
100 PITMAN SHORTHAND
50. Final s circle is written inside the f or v hook—
proofs or proves, relatives, drafts, achieves, deserves,
reserves, wives, gifts, representatives, advantages.
51. A final circle, or a final loop, written on the same side of a straight
stroke as the n hook, includes the n—
é ie eee Rate en B 4 sc)

chance, chances, expense, expenses, distance, dance, dances,
See Me ee re
danced, _ plans, instance, instances, turns, returns, once,
accounts, against, bonds, wants, attends, pounds, stands,
students, depends, reference, references.

NEW COURSE 101
52. A circle written inside an n hook attached to a full-length curve

adds the final sound z only—
means, remains, loans, shines, opinions, earns, _ women’s.

A circle written inside an n hook attached to a half-length curve adds
the final sound s or z: .As events, L.. demands.
53. After a curved stroke the light sound -nce is represented by stroke
n and the final s circle—
offence, announce, allowance, romance, offences,

a 4“ ; A
announces, allowances, fenced, announced, announcing.
54. When a vowel follows f, v, or n, at the end of a word, it is neces-

sary to write the stroke in order to be able to indicate the
following vowel—
coffee, cough, county, count, penny, pen, review, rough.
SHORT FORMS
NEW COURSE
Exercise 95
Exercise 96
NEW COURSE 105
Exercise 97
1. This firm gave us excellent references, so we-think-we should
extend-the time for-payment of-the balance due on-their-account.
2. The young-man stands a very-good chance of obtaining-the post of
assistant manager of-the bond department owing to-the splendid
training he-has received.
3. Please provide us with a memorandum of all merchandise which-is
subject to a special allowance.
4. The rough draft serves to show how-the use of-the telephone has-
been extended during-the last seven years.
5. Several of-the students have-been taken out-of-the second grade,
and-we plan to-make other arrangements for-those-who remain.
6. Your statement is returned because-the amount of-the discount
that-you have deducted is-not correct.
Exercise 98
Gentlemen, We should-be ungrateful indeed if-we-did-not accept your
kind hint. As a direct result we-have planned a series of trips for our
representatives which-will bring them into closer touch with our
customers all-over-the country. Our men are leaving at-once with
samples of-our advance lines. They-will explain to-you-the reasons
for-the apparent slackness we-have shown during-the past season.
It-has-been one of-much stress for-us, and-we-are-inclined-to-think you-
will make-the proper allowances when-you learn-the reason.
You-will-be-glad to know that-the new lines to-be shown to-you have-
been favourably received in-the east. They-are of splendid value,
and are sold at-prices that give-us a very-low margin of-profit. Yours
very-truly, (144)
CHAPTER XIil
55. -Shun Hook
A large final hook adds the final syllable -shun. This large hook is
written on the inside of curves—
session > division > explanation, extension, rofession,
lL,
supervision, mention, admission, expansion, intention.
The s circle is added as shown: \s fashions, 2 nations, re eee

When a good joining is obtained, the large hook is used when the -shun
syllable occurs in the middle of a word—
Bion ire egese ee sige

national, professional, intentional.
Exercise 99
NEW COURSE 107
1) oe
56. When attached to a straight stroke, the -shun hook is written on
the opposite side to an initial circle or hook, to balance the
é
Te ee ee ee
outline—
section, Station, exception, expression, transaction, reception,
Bgl. Ud eee ene) Boing se

! A
anticipation, discussion, recollection, registration, exceptionally.
After \ "= \ =< -and/ the -shun hook is written away from the
curve, to balance the outline—
eee ee ee Nee Leek (ER cicie Ge,

fiction, vacation, vocation, location, selection,
Exercise 100
NEW COURSE 109
notation, invitation, expectation, imitation, presentation,
Wt eee
reputation, petition, addition, edition, additional, _magician.
When added to other simple straight strokes, -shun is written on the

side opposite to the last vowel—
> ma ie) ee Ee
action, caution, portion, operation, occasion, education,
application, distribution, election, direction, attraction,

i
~~ e
iA oe eee (rs ie 22 (a ee LS.

deduction, obligation, reduction, occupation, educational,
{> | ee
occasional, occasionally.
Exercise 101
NEW COURSE 111
Sis | eve ie ereaah ca a ee be

ae eine
“eae ee i. peciaien Oe: Nox

f So aeeen \ CNR e ates)
58. S-Shun
When -shun follows the s circle or the ns circle, it is represented by
a small curl (a continuation of the circle). A third-place vowel between
the s and -shun is placed outside the curl. Any other vowel is not
indicated.
decision, position, opposition, disposition, Proposition,
< oe
possession, taxation, physician, musician, succession,
Qe
sensation, transition.
_ A final s circle is placed inside the curl—
S ieee ee h,
possessions, decisions, physicians, transitions,
59. In words ending in -uation or -uition, the stroke sh and n hook
Saas
are generally used—
situation, tuition.
A stroke hooked for -shun is halved to indicate a final t or d—
‘p ee 8
motioned, cautioned, fashioned.
SHORT FORMS
— information, NR public, publish or published, aoe publication,
y object or objected, > objection, \_., organize or organized,
ar organization, { satisfaction, ie investigation, Palyesterday.
Exercise 103
NEW COURSE 13
Exercise 104
Exercise 106
y,
NEW COURSE 115
Exercise 107
Gentlemen, We-think-we-are in a position to assist you to-tell in what
direction your promotion work may best be extended. As you-are-
no-doubt aware, our organization has given many years of attention
to problems of distribution of-every description, and-the information
in-our-possession is very reliable.
We-believe-that-you would-find a discussion of-the problem with our
Mr. Jones of-value to-you. He-will-be-glad to-receive an invitation
from-you to-call. Very-truly-yours, (87)
Exercise 108
Dear-Sir, Wéith-the small amount of information in-our-possession,
we-are-unable-fo give-you a definite decision on-your application for a
loan. You-make no mention at-all of any provision for expansion
at-your present factory, nor do-you tell-us if-you have any intention of-
taking over-the operation of more machines.
However, we-believe-that-the proposition is certainly worth discussion,
although action must, of-course, wait till-you supply us with additional
information about your plans.
We-suggest that-you call at-our office some time during-the-next few
days, to-permit us to-go over every detail of-the situation with-you.
Yours-truly, (114)
CHAPTER XIV
60. Compound Consonants
Besides the double consonants in the pel and per series, there are
six compound consonants—
Letter Sign Name As in

L
KW Jak th ah a) cq
_:quick, ACP request
GW — gwa <—S\ Guelph, linguist
MP, MB — a zea, oe. Se embody
LR SAD er hes filler, nie _ scholar
RR ENON, Yer _\... poorer, < ae. sharer
WH CL... | hwa eho lene Lehi
Norte: Ler is used only where the downward / would be used; rer is used
only where the downward r would be used.
quit, quote, quoted, quoting, quarter,
quantity, | acquaintance, acquainted, equipment, _ banquet,
csehessiceee meena!
=a
square, exquisite, adequate, Quebec, linguist.
a ee Sas [es Me ate eee as

De camp, campaign, stamp, dump, lump, sympathy,
embody, impose, imposes, imposition.

116
NEW COURSE 117
3. roller, counsellor, ruler, scholars.
SY oe 8 SSarene ya mee <De Tee
4. bearer, fairer, admirer, poorer, sharer, wearer.
Ser Fee ee oy eee af ae is 8 et yee re ea

5. white, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere, elsewhere.
When mm is immediately followed by pr, br, pl, or bl, the double con-
sonant strokes SX. SNX\.\ NX. are used—
me ee NO ey, aN
impress, embrace, imply, emblem.
SHORT FORMS
tZwhether, ~~ important or importance, —~ improve, improved or
improvement, <> impossible, SD child, 2 chaired, ..9 cheered,

ca
accord or according (or according to), _<— cared, >. particular,
..S..0pportunity.
Phrases: 7... according to, <?according to the.
Exercise 109
NEW COURSE
Exercise 111
61. WI and Whi

A small initial hook prefixes w to upward /. A large initial hook
prefixes wh to upward /. These hooks are read first—
Wiens as eae C ae. Cr ee WI ae kee Re

well, welfare, will, willing, unwilling, wild, wall, wealth,
NEW COURSE 121
62. Tick and Dot H

Generally the upward form of h is used when this stroke is joined
to other consonants. When h is the only consonant, or when it is
followed by k or g, the downward form is used—
Fn eh ce Ca
he, hug, hog, hook, high, highway.
(a) The upward form is used for half-length h standing alone—
hate, hot, hat, heat, height.
(6) A small tick, written as shown, represents A before m, /, and

downward r—
AS NGee tc pe
home, whom, Hamilton, hall, health, hello,
Li Vile &Then SEee, ae ee roe
herself, horse, ——hurt, harm.
(c) Where it would be awkward to write the stroke h in the middle

of a word, h is represented by a light dot placed alongside the
vowel sound, in words such as—
“Saude oe ae ee OY
perhaps, neighbourhood, likelihood, household, | Manhattan.
PITMAN SHORTHAND
Exercise 113
NEW COURSE 123
63. Omission of Consonants

(a) Where a medial ¢ is only lightly sounded after circle s, it may
sometimes be omitted, as in—
postpone, postage, __postal, _ post office, mostly, honestly,
ie Np eh ree en et APY oem, Oe

~
substitute, institute, institution, adjustment, mistake,
waneees PER ore et Mesa tel CR
mistaken, investigate.
(b) Other lightly sounded consonants may sometimes be omitted, as
anxious, anxiously, distinct, _ distinction, prompt, stamped.
Exercise 114
PITMAN SHORTHAND
NEW COURSE 125
Exercise 116
1. Gentlemen, We-are anxious to-receive-the pens which according-to
your invoice of 14th-November were sent by post five days ago.
We-presume that-the parcel was sent by registered post.
In-answer to-our inquiry, the post-office here says that-the package
has-not-yet-been received. Do-you think that-there-has-been a
mistake in addressing-it? Yours very-truly, (66)
2. Gentlemen, We-are-sorry to-learn that-the package we-sent to-you

by registered post on 14th-November has-not-been received.
Promptly upon receipt of-your note we-sent a duplicate. It-is-
possible, of-course, that-the label was incorrectly addressed, but-we-
do-not-think that-there-is any likelihood that-this-is-the case. We-
‘are asking-the postal authorities fo institute a search for-the lost
parcel, and-no-doubt they-will-be-able-to find it.
Meanwhile, if-the original package is delivered to-you, will-you-
kindly return it to-us. The cost of postage will-be-sent to-you, or
you-can make an adjustment in-your-account when-you post your
cheque. Very-truly-yours, (125)
CHAPTER XV
64. Halving
There are a few additional applications of the halving principle.
(a) The strokes m and n are halved and thickened to indicate a

following d—
made, mad, madam, moderate, modern, middle,
DN Se gan See pene etidy isgenadse seca hy liane
seemed, named, ashamed, assumed, end, send,
a a Re od ee eet wQo euER i eee peter hats!

signed, sound, intend, thousand, designed, telephoned,
4 are ae ee Fen aeA Pe
indicate, undoubtedly, need,
(b ~~ Downward / and downward r are halved and thickened to indicate

a following d—
billed, mailed, nailed, field, old, world, filed,
° = = ¢ E
detailed, yield, failed, installed, board, appeared,
afford, desired, acquired, card, insured, assured,
4 a £ ae
lee
heard, wired, standard, ordinary.
126
127
Gee ee
NEW COURSE
Exercise 117
ae ase s
(oe
eee
RCs
\ieaaes ce
a
/
a8
fi POA
Wags
hao ata
We { y ns Bee .
65. Final /r is expressed by ( , and final rt is generally expressed

lay bE = ’
PN a Re Se bo gal: L A eee Jake
belt, =efed, built, —_fault, bolts, start, support, smart,
sort, skirt, part, ports, sport, report, export, import.
66. When a vowel comes between /-d or r-d, the full strokes must be
written—
eS 4 1 CAI a : Wi] sue
carried, delayed, followed, married, valued,
M| mae
borrowed, worried.
67. As indicated in paragraph 35 (6), strokes of unequal length must

not be joined if their length would not clearly show. To show
the difference in length, disjoin half-length ¢ or d following stroke
t or d—
if a 15 Ay oe
, |
attitude, credited, treated, dictated, straightened,
i *t
illustrated, post-dated.
Special use of amon promptness, >, indebtedness, cle outfit.
SHORT FORMS
y short, ~ hand, V under, yard, ™ word, —~ immediate,
2 School, ce schooled, ~ spirit, oe certificate, “7 knowledge,
~~ acknowledge.
The halving principle is used to form such phrases as \ if it, Gif it is,
<4 in which it is, “> Iam not, o7 you are not, ? you will not,
a. you were not, Gathis would be, >I would.

NEW COURSE i)98]
Exercise 118
ZN elite oe e Tat & 3 ae ay NGG 1S

Exercise 119
NEW COURSE 131
Exercise 122
Gentlemen, Please-inform-us immediately when-we-may expect-the
lighting fixtures we ordered from-you on 7th October, for-the apart-
ment house we-are-now building. According-to our understanding at
that-time, you-were to-deliver them towards-the end of-the-month, but-
you have failed to do-so.
It-is understood, of-course, that-the delay may not be intentional
on-your part, but-we-have received no word from-you. Please-do-not
hesitate to inform-us if-you-are-not able-to-make immediate delivery,
We-think-you-will-not misunderstand our attitude when-we say that
if-you-cannot deliver-them immediately we-shall-have to-get them
elsewhere. Work is-now being delayed, and-we simply cannot afford
to-wait. Very-truly-yours, (131)
68. Doubling Principle

Curved strokes are doubled in length to indicate a following syllable
tr, dr, or THr—
Ko
after, father, afternoon, order, enter, motor, matter,
Se
Pe r Teer ach oad : oe
mother, another, neater, centre, central, sister, entertain,
ss Otek “he < Cee.

interview, elevator, Easter, federal, folder, holder,
ats ak saa rae ke eo! é ane oo
remainder, calendar, _ further, shorter, matters, orders.
Stroke / standing alone, or with only a finals circle, is doubled to

add tr only—
letter, letters, later, latter, alter, but leader, older, leather.

NEW COURSE 133
Exercise 123
Exercise 124
ts ay a ween ee om ee. (132)

69. A straight stroke is doubled to indicate tr, dr, or THr, only—
(1) when it follows another stroke or circle s, or
(2) when it has a finally joined diphthong or a final hook—
ieee OO Marto y
chapter, director, operator, educator, refrigerator,
v
ee af Bes Ag Py é we
typewriter, scatter, powder render, painter, tender,
winter, ered foe wonders, but better, gather,
weather, readers, platter, trader.

NEW COURSE 135
70. In a few common words the syllable -ture is represented by the

doubling principle—
Ge SES ce ee OPO Ear One See etter aha ee tence cen Ree Sitegaow
isha sadeseaeee Qe
future, _ nature, natural, picture, pictures, signature.
71. The doubling principle is not used in past tenses—

= Pe e ee
rendered, ordered, entered, centred.
72. .— mp, mb, is doubled to add final -er—
eee eee eee Se et

amber, temper, December, September, chamber.
~~ ng is doubled to add final kr or gr—
anger or anchor, longer, hunger.
These double-length forms are written when they are more convenient
than the hooked forms <—.. (ibTeor ee ae
SHORT FORMS
character, ee _wonderful or wonderfully,
, cratter or writer, ....... )he therefore, Tt. interest.
Phrases: The doubling principle is used in phrases to add the words

their, there, other, or dear—
andthe AX. have their, ad Iam sure there is,
On ~..Some other... cans my dear sir, ~~<>..my dear madam.
Special Phrases: — in order that, ~<_ in order to, Ie rather than,
he _not later than, eons longer than, .... ha this letter.

Exercise 125
NEW COURSE 137
Exercise 127
My-dear-Sir, On behalf of-our-clients, Messrs. Cantor and Walters,
who-have requested us to-represent their interests in-the-matter of-the
leasehold on-the building at 129 Wharf Street, we-wish to inform-you
that-we-have-their permission to obtain a court order, under-the
terms of-which you-will-not-be-able-to alter the front of-the building.
We-think-there-is no-doubt that-the-terms of-the lease have-been
violated, and in-our-opinion it-will-be to-your interest to stop any
further operations until a decision has-been rendered by-the court.
Very-truly-yours, (108)
CHAPTER XVI
73. Prefixes
(a) The prefix con-, or com-, is expressed by a dot, written first at the
beginning of an outline, as shown. In words beginning with
the con- or com- dot, the first vowel after the prefix determines the
position of the outline—
nee fe oe enae Rane Sm
condition, conduct, confident, confidence, connect, connected,
fece a ei eell el |eal earn esate J ee ee wee [eee
connexion, consider, considerable, consideration,
considered, considering, contained, consequently, comfortable,

Baek d ERG Seat ere aie ; hep cs Aa Care See aor |e waz
contents, continue, continued, convention, contract,

. . n °
oy. aoe Feee re ee ee

concern, concerned, construction, conversation, contrary,
ee ea Deer Re ned aie Sal aR

company, committee, common, communication, community,
"av
o ee ee pe
ainEdi as
comply, complete, completely, complaint.
. . ane oe Ea
Special Outlines: '...commerce, __<» commission.
|
(b) Con-, com-, cum-, or cog-, in the middle of a word or phrase, is

expressed by writing two strokes close to each other—
er he eee LL,
. . . fn
misconduct, disconnect, reconsider, discontinued,
OP 6 ie i DS
uncommon, discomfort, circumference, recognize,
Iam cunfident, you will be compelled.

139
74. (a) Accom- or accommo- is expressed by .__ _k, either joined or

disjoined (always in the first position)—
accomplish, accomplished, accommodate, accompany.
(6) Intro- is expressed by ~~ ntr (always in the third position)—

oes ee ptt mapa
introduce, introduced.
(c) Magna-, magni-, or magne- is expressed by disjoined m (always

in the first position)—
ye
magnanimous, magnificent, magnitude, magnetize.
Exercise 128
NEW COURSE 141
MSeoe pleat tig Ase domed yy (145)
75. (a) Self- is expressed by a disjoined s circle, and se/f-con- is repre-

sented by writing the s circle in the place of the con- dot—
fe)
pe olieinial’ foes. (a ped bebe. eee: is Pens ignVer a:

self-defence, self-esteem, self-satisfied, self-contained, self-control.
(6) Trans- may be contracted in most words by omitting the n—
. he ain Te ee,
transfer, transportation, translate, transcribe.
(c) In- before plat eee SEP xP (upward) is expressed by a small

hook, written in the same direction as the circle—
oe ey Pee gob ae Nr Ou
instruct, instructed, instrument, inscriber, inhabit.
(d) Negative Words. When the prefix in- means not, it is always
expressed by the stroke n, as in—
inhospitable, inhuman.
Other negative words are distinguished from the positive by repeating
the first consonant—
tein See eee ar ee Oe ok a ose eee Gs
known, unknown, necessary, unnecessary,
Pe lee ag Stee ter: - oar

legible, illegible, legal. illegal.
SHORT FORMS
—=— NN o—
commercial-ly, . inscribe-d, Saco inscription,
Reali instructive, _._U._ instruction, if___circumstance,
om signify-ied-icant, “>? significance.
Exercise 129
NEW COURSE 143
Exercise 130
Gentlemen, We-received your communication of-the 14th, in-which-
you complain of-the delay in-the completion of-your contract. That-
we-have failed to accomplish what we-promised we-must admit, and-
we very-much regret our failure.
We-are confident, however, that-the contract could-have-been com-
pleted as agreed upon but for-the recent trouble with-the Commercial
Transport Committee, which-was immediately responsible for-the delay.
Their decision interfered considerably with our business, and-when-we
state that only thirty of-our transport men have continued at work,
we-think-you-will recognize how difficult it-has-been to satisfy our
customers.
It-is-unnecessary for-us to add that-we should regret-the transfer of-
your business, considering-the long connexion between us, and-the
cause of-the present interruption. Very-truly-yours, (139)
76. Suffixes and Word-endings

Where it would be awkward to write ng at the end of a word,
the suffix -ing is represented by a light dot—
requesting, ordering, meeting, covering, serving,
oe ee ee
assisting, attempting, morning, wanting, running.
The dot -ing is used after downward r and a light straight down-
stroke—
ee. cee Mee. uly SE =
ees Se
securing, assuring, hearing, bearing, getting, paying,
=* I ON ges ee Pi ZzSeems UT es
teaching, eating, keeping, replying, shipping, sitting,
ea uct hae oe Ai
stating, staying, trying.
Usually the dot -ing is used after a short form—
Pe eee ee oe: ceee Ceee ae
coming, giving, thanking, thinking, interesting.
Where -ing is represented by the dot, the plural -ings is represented
by a light dash, as shown— ee
pws =
cette AN ete t eeeeeeee ee eeeeSS speeeeeee ao Mn ade
ele
meetings, mornings, hearings.
77. The suffix -ment is represented by nt, where the sign mnt
cannot be easily joined—
A wwe : ANY,
eee fee ine se SR aS? eR SARS nen Te eaeee See eee
achievement, consignment, commencement, announcement.
(a) The suffix -mental-ly-ity is expressed by disjoined _-_ mnt—

sesasvonitiae ao Ra eater ai [Ree hina, Shee ot ee Be geates cee
experimental, departmental, sentimental-ly-ity.
(5) The endings -fulness and -lessness are expressed by disjoined

\o.,fs, and _/~Isrespectively—
Pe ee eeek: Val, hens cD. A Rt Sk CS i stsé
thoughtfulness, _ thoughtlessness, _ hopefulness, _ hopelessness.
(c) The suffix -ship is represented by a joined or disjoined _/ sh—
friendship, citizenship, hardship, membership, ownership.

NEW COURSE 145
(d) -Lity or -rity, preceded by any vowel, is expressed by disjoining

the preceding stroke—
a Nex Sa,Ben a Cs ede) 5 eae Pe ees
possiib ility, ina bility, desirability, liability, for m ality,
regularity, similarity, maj ority, minority.

(e) The endings poaery are represented by disjoined j—
ae Se ee a5 eee Beare RSP a,
biological-ly, a yehebeenal iy physiological-ly.
(f) The word endings -ward and -yard are expressed by half-length
w and y respectively—
forward, forwarding, backward, backyard.
Note: forwarded.
(g) -ly is represented by the stroke / (disjoined where necessary), and
in some cases by the hooked form—
fairly, easily, friendly, instantly, particularly,
a |-ine IR te L OY arte aeee d.ve

differently, cheaply, actively, deeply.
SHORT FORMS
_ M..govern-ed, ~~
\s.. government, ree advertise-d-ment,
ZZ... regular, yy Probable-ly-ility, “A individual-ly, ee prospect,
C _whatever, eae Ce sufficient-ly-cy.
Exercise 131
NEW COURSE 147
(116)
Exercise 133
Exercise 134
Dear-Sir, Your-letter dated the 4th reached us this morning. Your
instructions have-been noted, but-we-are afraid that-it-will-not-be
possible ro-make all-the alterations contained in-your memorandum
and-have-the book ready by-the end of-this month. However, we fully
recognize-the desirability of-having-the publication completed at an
early date, and-we-are requesting our printer to hasten-the setting and
printing as-much-as-possible.
The inscription will-be-placed after-the title page, as you desire. Proofs
of-the last chapters will-be forwarded to-you within a few days.
Announcements will-be published in next Saturday’s papers to-the
effect that a new novel by a prominent writer will shortly appear.
Piease fell-us if-you would rather have-us use your name in-the
announcement. Very-truly-yours, (142)
CHAPTER XVII
78. Diphones
Two consecutive vowels, pronounced in two separate syllables,
are represented by the angular signs “7. These signs are called
Diphones.
The first ~... represents a dot vowel followed by any other vowel,
and the second _7.. represents a dash vowel followed by any other
vowel. The signs are written in the place of the first vowel of the
combination.
(1) payable, saying, carrying, earlier, earliest, idea, ideal,

gale
£
SA eee Nes ee = ae AM og See oe pA SO eee SN
material, piano, radio, previous, obvious, premium, medium,
really, real, realize, convenience, convenient, experience,
agreeable, glorious, cordial, courteous, _ seeing, _ senior,
i = ele neater (cede 5) NOS ee aired

Zz
serious, studying, theatre, various, Canadian.
= oe
ee eee ONT ee ee See eee is oes op...

(2) co-operate, co-operation, _ following, drawing, growing,
A
Sd NU | NOD eT 2
knowing, lower, lowest, poem, showing, accruing, jewel.
79. The consecutive vowels in words like question are represented by

the sign we, a8 in—
S Sf & 3
ne SifySe jie ee abe fl ee ee fe SA oe ae SEGA OR ean Ts
question, union, suggestion, million, guardian.
6—(S.517) 149
80. Medial W
There is a small group of words in which w combined with a vowel
in the middle of a word is represented by a small semicircle to give an
easier or shorter outline. A left semicircle represents w followed by a
dot vowel, and a right semicircle represents w followed by a dash
vowel. The semicircles are written in the place of the vowel with
which the w is combined—
twelve, twenty, frequently, herewith, subsequent, hardware,
goodwill, misquote, guesswork, woodwork.

>
Special Outlines: ol. quality, ae qualified, es qualification,

i}
Nie somewhat.
81. Upward SH
The stroke ._/.sh is written upward in certain cases to obtain a
better outline—
finish, shave, shift, dash, fish, brush, associate,

)y
Pe re SeORI MNT te on SS
NMR Lae SS MRE eee ‘4
ee Aes la a
association, appreciate, appreciated, appreciation, _foalish,
Wie as yl
flash, shell, social, shoulder, etc.
82. Stroke R
To keep the outline close to the line of writing, the upward r is
generally used where r follows two downstrokes. For the same reason,
downward r is used finally after two straight upstrokes—
Seypone Spoees 2 agies la haar Le eae ee
prepare, procedure, _ upstairs, | downstairs, __ visitor, despair,
NEW COURSE 151
Se
disappear, treasurer, furniture, Shakespeare, rarer.
83. Stroke S , ~
The stroke s is written (a) in words like “9° science, A... scientific,
‘a “ :
Eagar X sian, where a triphone immediately fdllows initial s,

and (b) in words like err ee We fatuous, Ay, strenuous,
wi wv,
SS pious, where the final syllable -ous is immediately preceded by a

diphthong.
SHORT FORMS
danger, +.
\ financial-ly, © mortgage-d, —“—.neglect-ed,
=x. familiar-ity, LA telegram.
Exercise 135
NEW COURSE 153
(52)
Exercise 136
4)
a ee
a lee oe Sa es Ue Aten ae ae
oe a Mee (272)
Exercise 137
1. William J. Anderson, who-is a professor at Acadia University, has
recently compiled a book of quotations from Shakespeare. An examin-
ation of-the book shows that-we-do-not-have to-go to-the theatre to-
hear-the language of Shakespeare, for-we use his terms and-phrases
constantly in-our everyday speech. (53)
2. We-are so familiar with-the-many conveniences which science has
put within our reach that-we-do-not realize or appreciate the debt we
owe to science. Constant use and familiarity with-the various time-
saving and labour-saving devices tend to-make-us overlook their
tremendous value. The contributions to-our comfort and convenience
by men of scientific training are continuous, and-they-have made-the
modern world a wonderful place to-live in. (76)
NEW COURSE 155
3. The treasurer prepares a statement of-the financial condition of-the

company annually. IJn-the case of a public corporation, this statement
is usually sent to-the stockholders. A comparison with previous
annual reports, or balance sheets, shows whether-the year’s trading
has-been more or less profitable. (48)
4. It-is-the practice of large insurance firms to invest the bulk of-their
funds in first mortgages on buildings, homes, and farms. It-is considered
that real estate is less liable to sudden changes in value, and, therefore,
there-is less danger of-the companies’ having to suffer any financial loss
through a sudden drop in-the value of-their holdings. (62)
5. Dear-Sir, Will-you please consider my application for-the position
of-treasurer in-your organization. I-believe-that I-have-the necessary
qualifications and experience, and-J-enclose a summary of-them for-
your information. If-it-is convenient, I-shall appreciate an opportunity
to discuss my application with-you, and any questions you-may desire
to ask can-be answered fully during-the course of-our interview. Yours-
respectfully, (71)
CHAPTER XVIII
84. Figures
Figures one to seven and the figure nine are best represented by
shorthand outlines when they stand alone. Other numbers, except
round numbers, are represented by the ordinary arabic numerals.
Round numbers are represented as follows—
x «... for hundred or hundredth; 7... 100, ...2,,. £200
_(.. or 120 0,
.G. for thousand; 5(.. 5,000, 2G... £2,000, 3... 300,000
ox... for million; 4. 4,000,000, _2. 200,000,000
85. Compound Words

Compounds of here, there, where, are written as follows—
of with after
Here eS ee Nace =ae ae er es Re
mu Do b.,
86. Intersections
The practice of intersecting one stroke through another is a very
useful device for the representation of very commonly occurring
phrases.
The device may be adapted to meet the special needs of the writer.
Thus, for some shorthand writers the stroke p might usefully represent
the word party, whereas in an insurance office the stroke p might’
better be used to represent policy.
156
NEW COURSE 157
Where intersection is not practicable, write one stroke close to another.

The following list shows how the device may be used—
P represents party ay othe Conservative Party
B = bank or bill... xl vot bank rate
Ten a, ee city bank
SLL... bill of lading

Te ee attention aval es early attention
D oy department 26 ae foreign department
CH- _,, charge iti... &eee this charge
ee > ee free of charge
J ie Journal ee. oe Bankers’ Journal
Bhs 7... Journal of Commerce
K “py company ~ P<, == hoe this company

cover, Or
COPE
P NAM cite
os under separate
iy cover
See Captain Thompson
G os government __....... 7 government official
G (with n hook) abs _

represents beginning: woos at the beginning
F represents form OX... necessary form
as a matter of form
TH represents month ye oF in a month’s time
me ioe for a month
Bie: =f, _.. hext month
SOC ts lYr agricultural society
manager, des general manager

morning, OF
mark Monday morning
ae lee _ auditor’s mark
national 7 _. national affairs
limited LN Be Robinson, Limited

a
RAY require-d-ment, _ .—><.... you may require

or
railway (>< Will be required
et your requirements
4S railway officials
arrange-d-ment == please make arrangements
oa we have arranged
corporation, or Ss ublic corporation

colonel :
Ce Colonel Alexander
Pr professor per Professor Jackson

(“2
NEW COURSE 159
? SHORT FORMS
~K,. inconvenience-t-ly, be distinguish-ed, eae income, become,
oe becoming, . (—..welcome,' ~<.._nevertheless.
Exercise 138
NEW COURSE 161
bhalix
te (108)
-
iva
|
NEW COURSE 163
Short Forms
LIST ONE
The number in parenthesis indicates the chapter in which the word
is presented.
becoming (18) Xe. |child (14) pote

a (4) been (12) _.\....| circumstance (16)... ifoP
accord-ing (14) | behalf (12) \ | [cold (11) ene
acknowledge (15) i$8 belief (11) ake \. |come (3) eran
advantage (12) believe-d (11) ans eset pee
advertise- beyond (7)
-ment-d (16) — <e could (10) eee:
build-ing (11)
all (9)
but (1) = Nhe D
altogether (10)
danger (17) —___h........
an (4)
dear(11I) ile?
and (6)
call (11) —__|deliver-y-ed (11) ....f....
any (5)
called (11) oo... |deseription (11) ye
anything (9)
can (5) me |different-ce'(5)) |ee
are (6)
cannot (12) 29 >. |difficult (12) cofoone
as (8)
care (11) oz... |difficulty (12) z fe
as is (9)
cared (14)
as aes k=...
B
myelldoa [ste
certificate (15)
balance (12) chair (11)

7 doctor, Dr. (11) ...... 71
hers:
balanced (12) chaired (14)
= |durins(11) oe i
be (1) character (15)
because (8) cheer (11) .e fe E

become (18) cheered (14) _2...| English (17) 7...
equal-ly (11) ea H information ee)

(3) oo
squad’) ea nag A ee ee inscribe-d (16) ..?.......
especial-ly (9) _....2....... hand (15) Det e
inscription (16) 5 awe
everything (11) © |has(8) -... On
inspect-ed-
exchange-d (17) oh phave (Qe as ee -ion (10) oes
expected (10). \. [he@) sl. id instruction (16) _..... i¢hae
eye (7) _w...... |him (3) Ae instructive (16) “si |
himself (9) MeO insurance (10) cine! |
F his) eee gies interest (15)
familiar-ity (17) \oon.. hour (6) Nora
investigation
February (10) 9 oS... how. Cis ee (13)
financial-ly (17) .\s_-. however (11)... ered is. (8) > 4 tec
first.(9) ee ee (Ws. is as (9) Peebs
' I
for) Freee
_ Gal Be an Oat ee
o ii oa Lae
itself 9) \.te
a immediate (15) oyxA..
G important- —_~ J
-ce (14) eee eeeeerseeeee
January (10) Wa
general-ly (12)
impossible (14) ae _K
gentleman (12)... ee
improve-d- knowledge (15) mrs
gentlemen (12) __...., Law -ment (14) cee
L
give-n (3) je Wan C5) hee
language (9) eee
go (5) _.. |income (18) rice:
large (6) / ae
godly. 4 &~..... |INConvenience- Ne
-t-ly (18) : “| largely (11)
govern-ed (16)... kes ;
government ae individual-ly (16)... larger (11)
(ig) Se influence Q) “
great (12) _em...;influenced 9) 7...
guard (12)... <..... |inform-ed (10) AL. Lord (3)
NEW COURSE
M Ona Weitz beers Q

me (7) raw opinion :2) quite (10)
member (11), Ne R
mere (11) = eS organization (13) ees rather (15)
more (11) jeiany: organize-d (13) 4. regular (16)

mortgage-d (17) ©. ought (S))" — Lie Ot remarkable (11) |
most (9) het our (6) AT a remark-ed (11)
Mr. (11) LES _| ourselves (9) ae remember-

-ed (11)
reg C) A ee / i oven dD ity
represent-
myself (9) LG Oe: OWE (5) Beene ten -ed (12)
owing (9) Vere. representative
N
own. (11) Gee (12)
near (11) he, respect-ed (10)
owner (11) ey
neglect-ed (17) 9<<" respectful-
never (10) ee P 2
-ly (11)
nevertheless (18) eed _| particular (14) = responsible-
-ility (12)
New York (9) people (11) oe
pleasure (11) wee
S
next (9) 2?
satisfaction (13)
nor (11) 6 practic(s)e-d (17) “\N__
satisfactory (10)
northern (12) 2 principal-ly (11) \
school (15)
nothing (9) wa principle (11) Ny
schooled (15)
November (10) TX probable-
-ly-ility (16) ae sent (10)
number-ed (11) SX...
prospect (16) > several (8)
O public (13) < shall (2)
object-ed (13) publication (13) short (15)
objection (13) y publish-ed (13) me should (6)
of (4) ys put (5) oe significance (16)

significant (16) third (12) a welcome (18) iy comet
signify-ied (16) this (8) mG what”) “9 lad

something (9) _| those (8) ihe whatever (16)... om
southern (12) _ |though (9) ( when (7) ams

speak (8) -| thus (8) ie whenever (16) 3 ge
special-ly (8) ~| till U1) af whether (14) Caste,
spirit (15) to (1) pies | which (1) 4 lee
subject-ed (8)
to be (5) ANS _| who (1) BS 7h).
sufficient-
together (10) — whose (6) i y-
-ly-cy (16)
sure (11) told (12) f why (7) balotes
surprise (11) too (1) Xs wish (5) ee
surprised (11) toward (12) 1 _ |wished (10) nes
trade (12) ene with (7) eee:

T
tried (12). 1 within (12) (ad
telegram (17)
truth (11) _| without (10) wee
tell (11)
two (1) ~ wonderful-ly (15) Be
thank-ed (6)
U word (15) > Be.
that (10)
winalese (IS) — _| would (7) Ree
the (1)
United States (9) ~O. writer (15)
their (11)
them (2)
university (17) <4... Y
usual-ly (2) hee eVyard(IS)'" 39 yee
themselves (9)
there (11) V year (6) eos
therefore (15) very (11) neat yesterday (13) teat

they are (11) WwW YOu] ).-- Ele wigs fale
thing (3) was (2) ks oat young (9) Zea

think (2) we (3) jade your (6) pe
NEW COURSE 167
Short Forms
LIST TWO
The Short Forms given in the text are for words that are very
frequently used. The following additional short forms will be found
useful in high-speed writing. The words occur in lists of the ten
thousand commonest words.
A destruction a ee
administrator ale discharged i... }ere

appointment —s_—iéit. . . Oe!
arbitrary ep E
arbitration oo res efficient-ly-cy Vee
architect-ure-al 2S ate electric ieee
assignment nee electrical Moana
B electricity =... Ceoe

emergency ¥ onthe
bankruptcy roi
Engiand 9) a EN
Cc enlarge i—=.. te ae
Se ys sense enlargement ....... ‘kK re
characteristic ences | Ont eatin ent [5
contentment _...... eee pone at pas en, 2
D establish-ed-ment Pek are

dangerous, tien _ | executive aie ste
defective ie executor ee es
deficient-ly-cy le expediency ae
demonstrate ——.. Le . | expenditure boieeg ales:
demonstration ve ly WISCXDENSIVE 0 ees. Dae
WA XTUT ee eee
identical 4 Mei she mechanical-ly x ee

identification eds Nea: messenger Lis ae
imperfect-ion-ly LES ee minimum ose one
incorporated ie DUNISEY Oh ee eee i bite

independent-ly-ce misfortune si”... AD
indispensable-ly monstrous pret a
influential-ly
N
intelligence
negligence ers
intelligent-ly
notwithstanding wi... be Be
introduction
investment O
irregular objectionable
objective
jurisdiction “ on P
justification ae d.. |passenger
peculiar-ity
perform-ed
legislative ae idl ae performance
legislature so LB practicable SS
prejudice-d-ial-ly > ce
preliminary
manufacture-d production
manufacturer productive
manuscript \ | project-ed
mathematics views oe proportion-ed
NEW COURSE 169
prospective ze oon _ | stranger m SLree

publisher Ss _ | subscribe-d een
subscription — ei
| Q substantial-ly ae
questionable-ly 0... “=| suspected ~ =. dhe=a,
R sympathetic Ne ve
reform-ed Be aoe T
remarkable-ly =. “\__ | telegraphic i... oe
representation PAs Seabank tulge {a
republic U
sep ean unanimous-ly

LN uniform-ity-ly NEE.
pereee ively a | universal Xe.
universe eae sae
selfish-ness _.... oe Vv
sensible-ly-ility Pa | Valuation > gi views %
Short Forms
LIST THREE
The following Short Forms do not occur in lists of the ten thousand
commonest words.
A executrix cemeemmameentena
abandonment Eis. 7 <r cmigeNe > ee ze$s
administratrix L.2.. | extinguish-ed di ie
amalgamate een F
amg eaiation BES ELEN UR er oes a Poa
arbitrate oe ee familiarization _—_..... Les.
arbitrator
alaeae familiarize
attainment SEWN were
Cc generalization veee
circumstantial =... ees
contingency sa ee H
° ; —
cross-examination henceforward Ee
cross-examine-d ss Sl ae howsoever oe
I
D
denomination-al Pp. imperturbable
destructive i inconsiderate
destructively ee informer
intelligiblely |... d.-
E irrecoverable-ly LN ee
enlarger i. yeeae irremovable-ly Ese
enlightenment io tee irrespective & a
NEW COURSE
irrespectively mi AS .. | remonstrance
irresponsible-ility ee Ae remonstrate
removable
e vive (Mi reproduction
magnetic-ism Fg
Sey ty retrospect
mathematical-ly Mieednere Neonat
retrospection
mathematician reciveae Rens:

retrospectiv
e
metropolitan
signification
obstruction
ie sa id stringency
obstructive
oy Aw. subjection
oneself
subjective
organizer
thenceforward
performer
perpendicular
perspective NA... |unanimity
proficient-ly-cy LSE =e. universality
proportionate-ly es unprincipled
prospectus
whensoever
recoverable a /,.......... | whereinsoever
reformer “\e~. | wheresoever

relinquish-ed | whithersoever
INDEX
References are to the paragraph numbers unless otherwise stated
A Diphthongs and Halving, 34

Dr Indicated by Doubling, 68
Abbreviated W, 37
Double Consonants, Additional
Accom-, Prefix, 74
Forms, 42, 43, 44, 45
Additional Forms—Double Con-
Double Consonants and S Circle,
sonants, 42, 43, 44, 45
38, 40
Double Consonants—Curves, 42
C Double Consonants—Special Use of,
Capitals, 2 41
Circle S, 21, 22, 23, 24 Double Consonants, Straight
Circle S and Double Consonants, Strokes, 38, 39
38, 40 Doubling Principle, 68, 69, 70, 71,
Circle S and N and F Hooks, 50, 51 2:
Circle S and L, 27 Doubling Principle and Phrasing, 72
Circle S and Phrasing, 23 Downward L, 27, 36
Circle SES, 30
Circle SW, 31 F
Compound Consonants, 60
F and N Hooks and S Circle, 50, 51
Compound Words, 85
F and N Hooks, medially, 49
Con-, com-, cum-, cog-,
Figures, 84
Prefixes, 73
First-place Vowels, 11
Consonants, 1, 8, 10, 14, 15, 16, 20
First Position, 11
Consonants, Compound, 60
FI, VI, Additional Signs for, 43
Consonants, Double—Curves, 42
F or V Hook, 47
Consonants, Double—Straight
Fr, Vr, etc., Additional Signs for, 42
Strokes, 38, 39
-fulness—W ord-ending, 77
Consonant H, 20, 62
Consonants, Joining of, 3
Consonants, Omission of, 63 G
Gr added to Ng, 45
D
D Indicated by Halving, 33, 34 H
Diphones, 78 Halving, 33, 34, 35, 59, 64, 65
Diphthongs, 17, 18 Halving—Disjoined ¢ or d, 67
NEW COURSE 173
Halving—Finally Hooked Strokes, Negative Words, 75
48 N Hook, 46
Halving, Not used, 35 Ng Doubled to Add kr or gr, 72
Halving—Phrasing, 67 Ng Hooked to Add kr or gr, 45
Halving— -shun Hook, 59
H Consonant, 20, 62 P
Phrasing Defined, 6
I Phrasing—Doubling Principle, 72
In-, Prefix, 75 Phrasing—Diphthongs, 18
-ing, Suffix, 76 Phrasing—Halving Principle, 67
Intersections, 86 Phrasing—L, 10
Intro-, Prefix, 74 Phrasing—S Circle, 23
Phrasing—Stroke H, 20
K Phrasing—SW Circle, 31
PI Series, 38 -
Kr Added to ng, 45
Position, First, 11
Position, Second, 12
L
Position, Third, 13
L and Phrasing, 10 Position of Half-length Strokes, 34
L and the Circle, 27 Pr Series, 39
L Downward, 27, 36 Prefixes, 73, 74, 75
-lessness—W ord-ending, 77 Punctuation, 7
-lity, 77
-logical-ly, 77 R
Loop St, 28
R, Two Forms for, 14, 15, 16, 26, 82
Loop Str, 29
-rity, 77
-ly, Suffix, 77
Ss
M
S Circle, 21, 22, 23, 24, 38, 40, 50, 51
Magna-, Magni-, Magne-, 74
S Circle and Phrasing, 23
-ment, 77
Second-place Vowels, 2, 4, 9
-mental-ly-ity, 77 Second Position, 12
Mp, Mb, Doubled, 72
Self-, Prefix, 75
Self-con-, Prefix, 75
N Ses Circle, 30
W and F Hooks and S Circle, 50, 51 Short Forms, pages 163, 167, 170
N and F Hooks, Medially, 49 Short Forms Defined, 5
-nce, 53 -ship, Suffix, 77
Shr and Shi, How Written, 44 v

-shun Hook, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59
Vowel aw Joined Initially, 28
Sh Upward, 81
Vowel Indication, 14, 15, 32, 35, 36,
Special Use of Double Consonants,
54, 57, 66
41
Vowels Before and After Strokes,
St Loop, 28
2,10
Str Loop, 29
Vowels Between Two Strokes, 13
Strokes S and Z, When Used, 32, 83
Vowels, First-place, 11
Stroke Z, 25
Vowels, Second-place, 2, 4, 9
Suffixes and Word-endings, 76, 77
Vowels, Third-place, 13
Sw Circle, 31
Ww
T W Abbreviated, 37
Third-place Vowels, 13 -ward—Word-ending, 77
Third Position, 13 Whi, 61
Tick The, 6 WI, 61
T Indicated by Halving, 33, 34 W—Medial Semicircle, 80
THr indicated by Doubling, 68
Trans-, Prefix, 75 Y
Tr, Dr, or THr, Indicated by -yard—Word-ending, 77
Doubling, 68
Triphones, 19 Z
-ture, Indicated by Doubling, 70 Z at the Beginning, 25
700 COMMON-WORD READING AND DICTATION EXERCISES.
A list of 700 recurring words and their derivatives, specially selected
for the teaching of Pitman Shorthand in English, together with reading
and dictation exercises using only the words listed.
THE EXPERT SHORTHAND WRITER. Written in shorthand within

the ~700 Common-word vocabulary, this is a book of valuable advice,
from one of the world’s acknowledged experts, Emily D. Smith,
B.Sc. (Econ.) (Hons.), F.R.S.A.
PITMAN
PITMAN
SHORTHAND READING BOOKS

A*SELECTION
The Return of Sherlock Holmes

By Sir A. CONAN DoyLe Vol. 1
Three Men in a Boat

By JEROME K. JEROME
Graded Shorthand Reading for Journalists

By E.H. BUTLER
Also
Today’s World (I)

(First published 1970)
= . ha
headalee 22 » _
i Eye OD hapitg
: 7e
pei Gi ed jis tsene Uby =eaaiele
rn = ——s = =
Jas ; eae Ss eo,

Key to New Course. This invaluable 64 pp. book gives
all the longhand of the 117 printed shorthand exercises
in the NEW COURSE, indicating phrasing by hyphenation
and showing short forms in italics. Correct shorthand
of the 23 longhand exercises is also given.
Se E
fe a)
S Cee bs
SEV

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_ Pitman Shorthand

jab, ide erny

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

SIR ISAAC PITMAN AND SONS LTD.

PITMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY S.A. LTD.

ISBN: 0 273 42231 6

MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN BY

DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM

Handwriting Motion Inadequate. The consonants of the language

Pairing of Consonants. In certain cases consonants are paired

Elimination of Vowel Signs. Words are represented by a complete

Position Writing. Position writing is a simple and effective device

Summary. In Pitman Shorthand the amount of actual writing has

FEATURES OF THE BOOK

An unusual feature of the book is the wealth of drill material pro-

In the application of the principles a vocabulary of the two thousand

Most of the exercises are in shorthand. Reading correct shorthand

Dictation is always interesting to the student, and teachers will find

The very frequently used words expressed in shorthand by some

Reference can be made to the wide selection of Pitman shorthand

Much dictation material is available in Office Dictation Today and in

Shorthand material appears each week in the Pitman periodical Memo.

Ordinary longhand spelling is seldom phonetic. Pitman Shorthand

The following illustrations show how to think of the words when

palm is p-ah-m wrought is r-aw-t

With the exception of worsted (the woollen material) and a few

The shorthand characters should be made as neatly and as accu-

1. The First Six Consonants

P pee Pay, 4Pe,.Up

T tee Tay, ate, it

D dee day, aid, do

CH chay chest, etch, which

J jay jest, edge, age

The long vowel a is represented by a heavy dot—

paid, page, - bait, babe, tape, date.

= wba eats efor (.

5. Short Forms for Common Words

X be, | it, | do, if which, _. . the, to, \~\ two or too,

ea A PE ier Lee <0 ae

Letter | Sign |Name As in a) Short Form for

few, safe, for

view, Save, have have

thigh, bath, think think ©...

zeal, eyes, was was a ce

she, wish, shall shall _)

Ricoud atl ie nm vol <7 ee Y- sth

show, showed, boat, both, vote.

Short u is represented by a light dash, and is a second-place vowel—

up, us, tub, touch, Dutch, judge.

Letter | Sign t Name i As in al Short Form for

G 72 | gay | gain, league, give | give or given. __

M 72 | em may, seem, him him...

N &” | en nay, seen, no

NG | & | ing long, sing, thing thing

L Pas el lay, coal, will lordcak

ee way | weigh, aware, we we «~

Y: ag yay youth, yellow, yes

When a vowel comes before a horizontal stroke it is written above the

(a) ache, egg, gay, keg, cake, aim, may, make

EMS laartC Nea, RL AAUSree (ee ae