Galvanic Isolation: A New

Paradigm for High

Voltage Isolated
Interfaces

Gianni Vitale– Analog and Power Application Director

 Agenda

Introduction

ST Isolation Technology

Three Phase Isolated Shunt

Metering Application Board

Solutions Ecosystem

Takeaways
 Where and why galvanic isolation

Smart Metering and EV

Factory Automation Energy Industrial Power Supplies
Charging
 ST embedded galvanic isolation

Sensors Motion Control & Actuators

Intelligent
ΣΔ Iso Gate
Hall Effect Power
Modulator Op Amp System-in-package Drivers
Switches

featuring heterogeneous integration

Connectivity and Interface Increased system robustness, safety and Power Management

Multi-Digital
reliability
Iso UART Iso SPI Chargers Adapters
Channel Expanding the portfolio

Main Standards
ST Isolation Technology
 Galvanic isolation

Why galvanic isolation?

SUPPLY GALVANIC SUPPLY

VOLTAGE A ISOLATION VOLTAGE B
Isolation is required in
modern high voltage electrical
systems for:
✓ Safety
✓ Prevent ground potential
Circuit A Signals Circuit B difference, or ground loop,
can cause data
communication errors
✓ Improve noise immunity
(CMTI)

GROUND A GROUND B

➢ No current flowing between the Systems (eliminate stray currents)

➢ Signals can pass through the isolation
 Common isolation technologies
Polymeric/Ceramic isolation Thick Oxide isolation
isolation: film of polymer (or other dielectric such as glass). isolation: Silicon Oxide grown on top of active silicon area
Custom assembly process required. Standard silicon IC technologies

RF couplers Optocouplers Capacitive coupling Magnetic coupling

(RF Communication) (Communication through light) (Armatures realized with IC metals) (Trasformer windings realized with IC metals)

Armature Armature Primary coil

Armature Armature Secondary coil

IC1 IC2 IC1 IC2

• Good parametric stability over time • Dielectric ageing: parametric • Good parametric stability over time • Good parametric stability over time
instability over time
• Good CMTI immunity • Good CMTI and noise immunity • Very Good CMTI and noise immunity
• Limited CMTI immunity
• Limted communication speed

• Assembly complexity

7
 ST isolated interface product core technology

Thick oxide transformer isolation

Galvanic
Transformer Galvanic Isolation Isolator
(used in STOISO621 – ISOSD61)
Data RX Data
Transmission technique Pulse transformer TX

Isolation Technique On-chip Oxide

Max. withstand Voltage > 6 kV peak
Max. Rate 100 Mbps
Technology Standard Silicon Process
with dedicated Thick Oxide

CMTI
Transformer Pulse
Encoder Noise Decoder
Driver Rejection Amplifier
 Standards and regulations for isolation ratings

Isolation Voltage Ratings and Regulation Compliance

Device level standards

ST is participating in the definition of the new regulation
• IEC 60747-5
• (Optoelectronic devices, aimed at embedded galvanic isolation solutions
• ratings and characteristics)
• UL 1577
• (Optical isolators) • ST participated in the VDE working
• IEC 60747-17 (VDE 0884-11) group that defined the VDE 0884-11
• (Magnetic and capacitive couplers for isolation) UL 1577 DIN VDE 0884-11 IEC 60744-5-2 standard
System/Application level standards • A working group has been established
• IEC 60664-1 inside IEC in order to transfer the VDE
• (Insulation for low-voltage equipment) 0884 into the IEC 60747-17 international
• EN 61800-5-1 standard
• (electrical power drive systems)
• ST is participating in the new standard
• EN 60950-1
• (Telecom & IT equipment safety) definition inside the IEC WG, together
with all of the main players of galvanic
• EN 61010-1
• (Control and measurement equipment) insulated products
• (ST, Infineon, Avago, Analog Devices, TI, Silabs)
Automotive standards
• ISO 6469-3
ST Galvanic ISOLATION is characterized and tested according to
international standards: IEC 60664-1, IEC 60747-2, UL 1577
ST isolators tested and validated per VDE0884-11
Operative voltage VIORM determined by accelerated ageing

Oxide isolation
standard only
tests used to extrapolate failure rate over guaranteed lifetime Dedicated reliability trials and test
of insulation equipment required for device
development and production line
Magnetic field immunity test testing

Partial discharge test

Same tests specified by opto

• 1.875*VIORM production test for reinforced insulation
• 1.6*VIORM production test for basic insulation

Surge test

standards
• 10 kV minimum required for reinforced insulation Communication robustness and
• Test voltage up to manufacturer for basic insulation
BER characterization
(application environment emulation
complexity)
Insulation resistance test, Rio > 109 Ω

Common Mode Transient Immunity (CMTI) test

The DIN VDE 0884-11 Standard is more stringent and demanding

than all existing standards dedicated to opto technologies
 Isolated interface product portfolio
ISOSD61 ISOSD61L
Sensors &
Amplifiers

16-bit SD 16-bit SD
TTL Version LVDS Version
86dB SNR 86dB SNR
25MHz External Clock 25MHz External Clock
SO16 SO16
Mass production Mass production
6kV galvanic isolated high-accuracy and robust sensing devices for industrial market
Connectivity

STISO621W STISO621 STISO620

1/1 channels 1/1 channels 2/0 channels
SO8 8mm Wide Body SO8 Narrow Body SO8 Narrow Body
6kVp Viotm 4.8kVp Viotm 4.8kVp Viotm
100Mpbs 100Mpbs 100Mpbs

Mass production Mass production Coming soon

Up to 6kV galvanic isolated high speed standard digital isolators for a wide range of applications
 STISO621

6kV galvanic isolated dual channel digital IF

Key features
• Dual channel, digital isolator with 1 – 1 channel
directionality
• Up to 6kVpeak Galvanic isolation (VIOTM)
• 1.2kVpeak Working Voltage (VIORM)
• High common-mode transient: >50kV/μs
• High data rate up to 100 Mbps
• Pulse Width Distortions < 3ns
• From 3 V to 5.5 V supply levels
KEY APPLICATIONS VDD1 VDD2
• 3.3 V and 5V level translation
• Opto-Coupler replacement in industrial
applications TX1 TX RX RX2 • Low power consumption
• Industrial field bus isolation • –40°C to +125°C extended industrial temperature range
RX1 RX TX TX2
• Battery monitor and motor drive • SO8 wide and narrow body package options
• Size-critical multichannel isolation GND1 GND2

SO8W SO8N
 ISOSD61 & ISOSD61L
16-Bit, 6kV galvanic isolated Σ-Δ modulator, single-ended and LVDS
interfaces

Key features

• 2nd order 16-bit Sigma-Delta Modulator

• ±320mV Full Scale Differential Input Signal Range
• Up to 25 MHz external clock input for easier synchronization
• Up to 50kHz Bandwidth
• 86 dB typical SNR
• - 83 dB typical THD
• 30 kV/μs typical Common-Mode Transient Immunity
• 6kV VPEAK Highest Allowable Over-Voltage (VIOTM)

KEY APPLICATIONS • 6kV VPEAK Maximum Surge Insulation Voltage (VIOSM)

Current and voltage sensing in: • 1.2kV VPEAK Maximum Working Insulation Voltage (VIORM)
• Industrial motor control • Flexible interface options: Low Voltage Differential Signaling
• Solar inverter and UPS (LVDS) and Single Ended (TTL/CMOS) options
• Electric vehicle charger • –40°C to +125°C extended industrial temperature range
• Factory automation • SO-16 wide package
• Telecom and server power supply
• Lighting
Three Phase Isolated Shunt
Metering Application Board
 EVALSTPM-3PHISO

3-phase AC Watt meter with shunts

• Accuracy class 0.5 according to IEC 62053-22

and ANSI C12.20 standards
• In three-phase systems, monolithic devices
can’t be used with shunts sensors, a modular
isolated solution is mandatory
• Advantages:
• Lower cost, especially at high currents
• Modularity of the solution
• Short analog tracks from transducer to modulator
guarantee maximization of signal to noise
• 6kV data isolation
• Immune to magnetic tamper and robust vs EMI
disturbances
 EVALSTPM-3PHISO Block diagram
N L1 L2 L3

LV Domain
HV Domain
V
Δ
DFE
Σ CLK
C A DAT
Δ
STPMS2 STISO621W STM32F413RH

LV Domain
HV Domain
V
Δ
DFE
• STPMS2 Smart sensor II Dual channel 2nd order
C A
Σ
Δ
sigma-delta modulator with embedded PGA
STPMS2 STISO621W
• STISO621 Dual channel 6KV Galvanic Isolated
Interface
Σ
• STM32F413 high performance microcontroller,
LV Domain
HV Domain

V
Δ
DFE
ARM® Cortex®-M4 core with 6 digital filters
C A
Σ DFSDM
Δ
STPMS2 STISO621W
 Additional key products in the solution: STPMS2

Dual channel SD modulator for Power Metering application QFN16 4x4

• 2nd order Sigma Delta Modulators (up to 4MHz)

• Programmable chopper stabilized low noise and low
offset amplifier
• Internal low drop regulator @ 3V typ
• Vcc supply range 3 – 5.5V
• Precision voltage reference: 1.23V
• Dedicated pins for HW configuration
• Less than 0.1% error over 1:5000 range
• Exceeds 50-60 Hz 50-60 Hz IEC 62053-22 and ANSI
C12.20 standards for class 0.5 and class 0.2 AC watt
meters
 Board description
MCU GPIOs JTAG Connector

AFE Components
Shunt = 0.3 mV/A
5 VDC supply Ai = 16x
MCU reset High resolution (CLK = 4 MHz)
button R1 = 810 KOhm
R2 = 470 Ohm
Power on USB connector
LED
Board Ratings
Cp = 27000 pulses/KWh
V = 80-350 VRMS
STISO621W IMAX = 86 ARMS
Metrology LEDs IMIN = 10 mARMS
STPMS2

Neutral
voltage input

Phase power supply

R-phase S-phase T-phase

voltage input voltage input voltage input
 STM32F413 metrology architecture

Driver architecture and application integration

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metrolo c

metrolo hal c

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atchin
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ata
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ata
 Metrology features
Metrology features implemented in FW
✓ 6 channels V-I decimated samples available @200 us
✓ Line period and phase shift measurement for each phase
✓ Phase voltage delays
✓ RMS and THD calculation (optional) of each V-I signal
✓ 1-ph Active wideband, active fundamental, reactive and apparent power/energy
calculation
✓ 3-ph Active wideband, active fundamental, reactive and apparent power/energy
calculation
✓ Full calibration (amplitude, power offset and samples offset for DC measurement)
✓ Selectable high pass filter for DC measurement
✓ Data latch in registers
✓ Two configurable LED for pulsed outputs
✓ Configurable interrupts for power sign change
✓ Interface to Metrology GUI through USB
Solutions Ecosystem
 Isolated interface device evaluation ecosystem

EVALSTISO62XV1 EVALST-ISOSD61T EVALSTPM-3PHISO STDES-AKI003V1

• Eval platform • Eval platform • Solution example • Solution example

• SO8 or SO8-W • LVDS or TTL • Energy meter • FOC Servo drive
• Up to 6kV isolation • 6kV isolation • 3 phase V/I sense • 3x isolated current
• STISO62* • ISOSD61 • Isolated shunt sense
• Available now! • Available now! • Full energy calcs • 6kV isolation
• GUI + Firmware • ISOSD61
• STISO621 • Coming soon!
• Available now!
Please visit www.st.com for more details on our evaluation platforms such as ordering information
and design files!
 Product and ordering information
Part number Description Isolation Package Packing
voltage
ISOSD61 Isolated Σ-Δ odulator 6kV SO-16W Tray
ISOSD61TR Isolated Σ-Δ odulator 6kV SO-16W Tape and Reel
ISOSD61L Isolated Σ-Δ odulator 6kV SO-16W Tray
ISOSD61LTR Isolated Σ-Δ odulator 6kV SO-16W Tape and Reel
STISO621W 2ch. Bidirectional Digital isolator 6kV SO-8W Tray
STISO621WTR 2ch. Bidirectional Digital isolator 6kV SO-8W Tape and Reel
STISO621 2ch. Bidirectional Digital isolator 4.8kV SO-8N Tray
STISO621TR 2ch. Bidirectional Digital isolator 4.8kV SO-8N Tape and Reel

Please contact your local ST sales representative or distributor for pricing and ordering information
Takeaways
STISO621 and ISOSD61 provide 6kV of
galvanic isolation leveraging high
performance process

Thick oxide isolators provide high

performance and cost-effective isolation
solutions for sensing and communications

Isolated shunt metrology reference design

EVALSTPM-3PHISO available now along
with other demonstration boards.

Visit us at www.st.com for more details and

evaluation tools for isolated interfaces!
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