Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 7 views

    Matrix Charecter Table and Normal Modes

    Uploaded by

    vishakhabalpande542

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Matrix Charecter Table and Normal Modes

    Uploaded by

    vishakhabalpande542
    7 views10 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    7 views10 pages

    Matrix Charecter Table and Normal Modes

    Uploaded by

    vishakhabalpande542

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 10

    Matrix representation of symmetry element

    The symmetry operations in a group may be represented by a set of


    transformation matrices Γ(g), one for each symmetry element g.
    Each individual matrix is called a representative of the
    corresponding symmetry operation, and the complete set of
    matrices is called a matrix representation of the group

    A Point Group describes all the symmetry operations that can be performed
    on a molecule that result in a conformation indistinguishable from the original.
    Point groups are used in Group Theory, the mathematical analysis of groups,
    to determine properties such as a molecule's molecular orbitals.

    CHARACTER TABLE
    A character table is a 2 dimensional chart associated with a point group that
    contains the irreducible representations of each point group along with their
    corresponding matrix characters. It also contains the Mulliken symbols used to
    describe the dimensions of the irreducible representations, and the functions
    for symmetry symbols for the Cartesian coordinates as well as rotations about
    the Cartesian coordinates.
    C2v H20
    C3v
    C2h
    D6h Benzene
    Normal modes and Normal co ordinates

    Normal modes are used to describe the different vibrational motions in molecules.
    Each mode can be characterized by a different type of motion and each mode has a
    certain symmetry associated with it. Group theory is a useful tool in order to
    determine what symmetries the normal modes contain and predict if these modes
    are IR and/or Raman active. Consequently, IR and Raman spectroscopy is often
    used for vibrational spectra.

    In general, a normal mode is an independent motion of atoms in a molecule that


    occurs without causing movement to any of the other modes. Normal modes, as
    implied by their name, are orthogonal to each other. In order to discuss the
    quantum-mechanical equations that govern molecular vibrations it is convenient to
    convert Cartesian coordinates into so called normal coordinates. Vibrations in
    polyatomic molecules are represented by these normal coordinates.

    There exists an important fact about normal coordinates. Each of these coordinates
    belongs to an irreducible representation of the point the molecule under
    investigation. Vibrational wavefunctions associated with vibrational energy levels
    share this property as well. The normal coordinates and the vibration wavefunction
    can be categorized further according to the point group they belong to. From the
    character table predictions can be made for which symmetries can exist. The
    irreducible representation offers insight into the IR and/or Raman activity of the
    molecule in question.

    Normal co-ordinates – A normal co-ordinate is a linear combination of Cartesian displacement co-


    ordinates.
    Degree of freedom – The degrees of freedom are how many parameters can vary during the evolution of
    the system. When a harmonic oscillator oscillates, the position and velocity generally take on different
    values, while the mass stays constant. So the mass doesn't count towards the degrees of freedom.
    Normal modes –A normal mode of an oscillating system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the
    system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation. The free motion
    described by the normal modes takes place at fixed frequencies. In mathematical terms, normal modes are
    orthogonal to each other.
    Application of group theory

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy