HAD3 Fathima Shaik

HADITH CLASSIFICATION
There are Five criteria for a Hadith to b accepted. They are

A. ITTISAAL AD SANAD
This means that the chain of the narrators must be

unbroken and each narrator should has to have met with the narrator
preceding and following him.
B. ADAALAH
Adaalah means integrity of the raawi (narrator).
C. DABT
It means the precision and accuracy of the narrators
D. GHAYR SAATHTH
Conforming the hadith with similar hadith narrated on
same topic whose chains are stronger
E. LAA ILLAH
It means the hidden defects of the hadith . The hadith may
appear to be sound but when investigated deeply one will find
defects.
Among these 5 Categories Adaalah and Dabt focuses on the

Raawi himself. And these two categories are very important for a
Hadith to be classified as Saheeh.
Scholar’s have set some conditions and requirements on the

narrator in order to accept them.
 Aql
 Ad Dabt
 Al Adaalah
 Al Islam
Reason
To assure the moral decency ,the intellectual ability,
religious spirituality and physical maturity of the narrator.
AL ADAALAH:
A narrator must be just and a practicing Muslim..
He should not have done any major sins (haram things).
He should be performing his religious obligations .
He must not be a liar otherwise he will be classified as a Khathtaab.
All these characteristics can only be known by continuous observation
and investigation. Investigation can be done by asking his neighbor
those who have made deals with him,those who traveled with him etc.
This is based on the situation happened at the time of Umar Al khattab
(RA). Where he asked a person to bring someone who knows him
i.e., a close neighbor or a friend who traveled with him
“Khattib al baghdabi said : whoever Interacts with people and does not
oppress them he speaks to them and does not lie he promises and does
not break his promise for this is a person that completed his righteous
conduct and his justice has become apparent and it is incumbent to
become his brother to live with him communicate with him and it is not
permissible for us to leave him
It is only possible through continuous observation and investigation and
not from a single moment or an act to identify a person
A testimony of being just is zachia this contributes to the acceptance of a
narrator scholars have differed if a testimony from one person suffices
or it should be minimum of two people.
There are there are several conditions the challenge is the justice
of a narrator
 Fabricator -A Person is known to lie and fabricate report or
has been accused so
 Sinful person (Fasiq)-His inequities have not reached the
level of kufr
 Ignorance (jahil)- Does not know much perhaps week of
mind
 Innovator (Bidah)-Innovative actions in his life not known or
contradicting the Sunnah
 Not righteous (Murua) He does things which may shed doubt
on his personal conduct
Some scholars have set a conditions which were hard and some were
easier in their conditions
For example hard core would take things like playing chess are
listening to music to challenge the righteousness of the narrator.
AL DABT :
It means the accuracy and precision
The accuracy of the text can be determined by two factors
Al Dabt as sabr: Each narrator must be known for his ability to
memorize and repeat with a high degree of accuracy if he had a
tendency to repeat her death in a number of different ways such a
hadith is classified as confused and any other hadith which he may
narrate will be classified as weak
B. Dabt Al kitaabah:Each narrator who does not fulfill
precondition of soundness of memory must be known for recording
his hadith in books accurately and his narrations only be from his
books .
Al Dabt concentrates on two main factors .
Al Mudakara and Munahara :Strong ability and memory and strong
powers of observation in order that they can store the hadith and they
can hear and receive the hadith in all its details the ability to recognize
if or not any mistakes have taken place to grasp the celebrities of
punctuations to differentiate between a person punctuation and what the
words actually are if a person has being incorrect in pronunciation
internal qualities of the narrator that can contribute to him being
accurate
The more a person Hadiths are widely accepted the more he becomes
known as an accurate narrator
Conditions that challenges the accuracy of a narrator
 Bad memorization-Confuses between names or texts or
makes mistakes in his hifz
 Prone to commit mistakes in their narrations ,Pertaining to
his memorization his pronunciation names are dates
wordings of text all these are comprehensive category of
mistakes
 Not smart -not aware of his surroundings
 A dreamer -imagines things
 He would report a hadith that contradict an established
hadith
Ilm Al Jarh Wa Tadeel:
A science that investigates the narrator is he trustworthy
righteous etc
There are a number of famous books on this science.
In this science the narrators of hadith are studied more
comprehensively regardless of characteristics sincere honest
or truthful
The first to pioneer this is imam al Bukhari.
Al jarh challenges a person’s reputation in respect to these

two qualities justice and accuracy Al daalah and al dabt.
Conditions that challenges the justice and accuracy of a
narrator are fabrication ,sinful person, ignorance ,
innovator ,not righteous ,bad memorization prone to commit
mistakes, not smart, a dreamer and reporting a hadith which
contradicts an established hadith
if the narrator is widely acknowledged and popularly known as being
just like imam Malik Ahmed ibn hambal then it serves little benefit to
investigate that they meet these four conditions for it has already been
established
In a case where the narrator It is not sufficiently known and not enough
light has been shed on their lives those that are not to be bad but we
don’t know much about them then we asked them based on the principle
that everyone is innocent unless proven guilty.
Other Two Conditions of a narrator
Al Aql:
Al aql is the ability of the narrator to discern with the mind between
right and wrong is the person able to receive and deliver the hadith.The
scholars agreed that a mature person can both receive and deliver
however a child not yet mature can receive but not deliver .
The age identified to deliver has been deferred on by the scholars
In Basra-10
In kufa-20
In sham-30
Al Islam:
The narrator must be a Muslim.
Conflicting reports
Accept the unknown reason into a Tadeel but not in jarh.
Another opinion is exact opposite in order to preserve the hadith from
any form of corruption or controversy
Another school is that both are not accepted until we find information
on the reasons why tadeel or jarh has been presented.
If the person identity has both a claim and a non claim then we have
certain ways of consolidating between them. firstly if it comes from the
same person we try to identify which claim came first and which came
later so we take the last one
If two parties have claimed then we look into the reasons the situation
and we try to ascertain which is the stronger opinion
Thirdly if a person says I saw so and so do this so he’s a jarh but
another person says yes he did but he performed taubah and he
refrained from repeating that sinful act and indeed he practice he
practiced the slum and proved us too that he became a righteous
Muslim.
Within the jar with a deal there are different levels depending on the
reason for which a person is being identified as weak or strong strength
levels vary the person can be a thiqa or a adil through testimonies .
liar -non accepted hadith, however it might be the case that he forgot
sometimes or he imagined sometimes
Islam does not divorce between persons skill and his character but
rather it is a sign of true knowledge when a person lives that knowledge
this is always been a characteristic that inherits greater knowledge and
deeper understanding and it has been a reoccurring message within the
Koran and the and the hadith to live what we know if a person does not
act upon what they known then it happens that your blemish
accumulates
URL : https://kiu.org/kiu_en/sis/
KIU ID :2020004
EMAIL :fathimashaik1220@gmail.com
TOPIC :Al Dabt wa Adaalah

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HADITH CLASSIFICATION

There are Five criteria for a Hadith to b accepted. They are

This means that the chain of the narrators must be

Among these 5 Categories Adaalah and Dabt focuses on the

Scholar’s have set some conditions and requirements on the

Al jarh challenges a person’s reputation in respect to these

TOPIC :Al Dabt wa Adaalah

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