ON-LINE VOTING SYSTEM

A Project report Submitted to

Department of Commerce
Dr. BRR Government Degree College,
Jadcherla

Submitted By

M.Swetha 19033006405548
M.Srinu 19033006405550
N.Harika 19033006405551
P.Bindu 19033006405555

Under the Guidance of

Smt R. VijayaLaxmi devi
Lecturer in Commerce

2021-2022
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project report titled “On-line Voting System” is bonafide work
done by

M.Swetha 19033006405548
M.Srinu 19033006405550
N.Harika 19033006405551
P.Bindu 19033006405555

Students of B.Com III , Dr. BRR Government Degree College Jadcherla.

These students have completed the above said project under my supervision. This project
has not been submitted partly or fully to any other university or institution for the award of
any degree or diploma.

Smt. R. Vijayalaxmi
Devi Lecturer in
Commerce
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the task would be put incomplete
without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement
crown all the efforts with success.

We avail this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude and hearty thanks to the Principal
Dr.BRR Government Degree College, Jadcherla

We would like to thank Smt VijayaLaxmi Devi for her expert guidance and encouragement at various
levels of our Project.

We express our deep sense of gratitude and thanks to all the Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of
our college who stood with us during the project and helped us to make it a successful venture.

We place highest regards to our Parents, our Friends and Well wishers who helped a lot in making
the report of this project.

M.Swetha 19033006405548
M.Srinu 19033006405550
N.Harika 19033006405551
P.Bindu 19033006405555
 ABSTRACT

We are developing an on-line voting system by taking advantage of centralized database

with a web interface. The main concept of this project is to build a website , which will be able to
allow people to cast their vote through on-line. Time saving , working load reduced , information available
at time and it provides security for data.
In a democratic country like India we are not getting 100% of voting. People are not ready to poll their vote
because of many factors like people can’t go to the polling stations to cast their vote(especially aged persons
and physically challenged people). People may be at remote places .
There are several issues with traditional paper based voting like ridging votes during election , insecure or
inaccessible polling stations , inadequate polling materials and also inexperienced personnel.
This On-line Voting System seeks to address the above issues. With this system , the citizens may get ample
time during the voting period.
Every citizen is registered first and all the details are managed at centralized database.
And at the time of elections the citizens will be login through their credentials and cast their vote
 CONTENTS

Abstract
1. Introductio
n Motivation
Problem definition
Objective of Project
Limitations of
Project
Organization of Documentation

2. LITERATURE
SURVEY Introduction
Existing System
Disadvantages of Existing system
Proposed System

3. ANALYSI
S Introduction
Software Requirement Specification 3.2.1.User
requirement 3.2.2.Software requirement
3.2.3.Hardware requirement
Content diagram or Architecture of Project
Technologies used

4. DESIG
N Introduction
DFD / ER / UML diagram (any other project diagrams)

5. IMPLEMENTATION &
RESULTS Introduction
Explanation of Key functions
Method of Implementation
Output Screens
Result Analysis

6. TESTING &
VALIDATION Introduction
Design of test cases and scenarios
Validation

7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
 Elections allow the populace to choose their representatives and express their preferences for
how they will be governed . The election system must be sufficiently robust to withstand a variety of
fraudulent behaviours and must be sufficiently transparent and comprehensible that voters and can-
didates can accept the results of an election. The voting system must be tamper-resistant
Online voting systems are software platforms used to securely conduct elections. As a digital platform
, they eliminate the need to cast votes using paper or having to gather in person . Presently voting is
performed by using ballot paper and the counting is done manually , hence it consumes a lot of time
. There can be possibility of invalid votes.
In our proposed systems , voting and counting is automated . It makes the election process easy
and secure
It also protect the integrity of every vote by preventing voters from being able to vote multiple times .
Voting services helps to save time , stick to best practices , and meet internal requirements and/or ex-
ternal regulations , such as third-party vote administration needs .

Motivation
Elections play a major role in the country. Usually elections follow the Traditional Paper based
Voting or EVMs . Citizens has to move to the polling stations to cast their vote. It leads to gathering of peo-
ple in large number .In this pandemic situation its not safe to encourage gatherings. And also we cannot
avoid the elections. People at remote areas from their native places find difficult to reach their hometowns
to cast vote due to various reasons . Aged people cannot travel to polling stations and wait for longer time in
queue to cast vote. In order t overcome all these issues ,we decided to find a solution and that is on-line vot-
ing system.

Problem Definition
Now-a-days people find very less time to cast the vote .And there are several issues where India, democratic
country is unable to get polling of 100%.In order to make voting easy and secure , online voting system is
helpful. Voter has to register first and then login .Voter is authenticated and then proceed to voting page
. Voter cast the vote and logout. One can view the results at any instance of time .

Objectives Of The Project

● As everything became on-line now-a-days , making the voting process As everything
became on-line now-a-days , making the voting process also on-line
● To make more convenient for the people to vote especially for people who stay at remote
places like army or people who migrated to other places for their studies or occupations
● To prevent tampering of votes
● To Provide high security by using secured authentication mechanisms
● To increase Voting percentage

Limitations Of Project:
We are developing a website for casting the vote online. While casting the vote the most important
thing is security. We are providing security through the otp authentication . OTP also provides strong
secu- rity but it would be more secure if we use fingerprint detection and cornea detection and map it with
the aadhar database details.

Organization Of Documentation:
In the document,
1) The first section provides the literature survey done for the project
2) Second section discusses the requirements of the project
3) Third section shows the project design
4) Fourth section discusses the results of the project
5) The fifth section discusses the validation and the last section gives the conclusion of the project
 LITERATURE SURVEY

Introduction
Now-a-days , there are tons of things we do online , from shopping to doing of any official
ar- rangement .So , why don’t we make the elections also to be online .
In this pandemic situation , gatherings is very danger . So , if we are trying to make voting
process online

Vote at any time from anywhere : Today’s way of living doesn’t leave much free time . We have

little to no time to do anything or go anywhere . So it would be good that may be giving the
chance to the members of our country to cast their vote in just a few minutes , without the need
 to go to a certain place , would be a good option . So probably online voting would be better
op- tion . Unlike traditional voting , that makes voters go to a specific time in order to vote,
online voting allows them to cast their vote at anytime of the day and from any place , just
with the
need of an Internet connection

Boost Participation : As a result of previous point , choosing online voting for election will more

likely boost the participation . Many people can participate in the elections to cast their vote
so that the turnout increases

Less Physical Infrastructure : When running a online voting system , we can avoid the need for

all the physical infrastructure usually required on a traditional voting . No need of paper, print-
ing , physical urns or staff. This may therefore lead to a lower monetary investment

Fast and easy votes tally : Since the counting of votes takes place through machines(automated

), human errors can be avoided . And also the process becomes more faster so that the results
are also processed faster

Security : Most important factor for voting systems . In our proposed system security is pro-

vided by OTP authentication .We have observed some major components provided in their
website. Some of them are

Voters : Target users of the website. Website provides platform to utilize their right to

vote. Services : It allows citizens to cast the vote .

Results: Every citizen can view the results of elections at any point of time

Security: Security is provided by the website using the otp authentication

technique

We used html, css, javascript for the front end development and PHP for connecting to the database
and storing the data.
Visual Studio code is the tool used for writing the code code.XAMPP is also used for developing the project
since it is a free and open source cross platform.It consists APACHE HTTP server,MARIA DB database,
and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages.We have gone through the
OTP authentication codes and chose to implement the random OTP generation.
Existing System
 In our country , we are following the traditional paper based voting system or EVMs
which has several drawbacks .Whatever the system we follow , we need to move to the polling
stations to cast the vote and it leads to gathering of people in larger number.

Disadvantages Of Existing System

Inaccessible polling stations

Proposed System
In order to overcome the issues of existing voting system that is traditional paper based
voting system we are developing an online voting system by taking the advantage of centralised
database with a web interface .

Online Voting System enables voter to cast the from any remote place

It will help to increase the level of population to cast the vote that is it increases the total

turn- out

High security is provided since aadhar number is taken as primary key

User is authenticated by OTP

Voting on internet provides a safe and private channel that allows all users t participate

on equal terms

Increased accessibility for residents abroad and for persons with difficulties in travelling or re-

duced mobility

The reduction in organizational and implementation costs significantly increases the

efficiency of online voting compared to traditional voting system

Since the counting of votes takes place through machines(automated ), human errors can be avoided
. And also the process becomes more faster so that the results are also processed faster

Advantages :
It removes the possibility of invalid and uncertain votes which, in many cases, are the root
 Instant results of voting

ANALYSIS

Introduction:
Analysis is gathering and interpreting the data needed for the dental clinic and website.It is used for
understanding how the system works. It gives a good understanding about the requirements of the project.

Software Requirement Specification:

It captures complete description of how system works and the requirements of the system

User Requirement:
The website should allow the voter to cast the vote and give services only to the genuine user.
Genuine user should be identified via OTP authentication. User should be able to cast the vote only once
and only during the time of elections.

Software Requirements:
Operating System:
Windows,Linux,Mac
Languages:PHP,HTML,CSS,Java Script
Database:MYSQL
Server:Apache
Tools:Visual Studio
Code,XAMPP Browser:All
compatable browsers

Hardware
Requirements:
Processor:core i3 or higher
RAM:2GB
Hard disk:25GB
Architecture of Project:

Admin maintains a database to maintain voters data.Voters cast the vote by registering through
the website. To reduce the manual work we have built a online voting website for a elections to automate
the elections process like generating the results. It works as follows:
A new user should register to access the services provided by the website. Then the user has to login. Later,
user will be verified by sending an OTP to his/her email. If user is a genuine user he will be redirected to the
voting page where he can access the services provided by the website. The information given

by the user will be stored in the database.so it can be retrieved whenever required. Users can cast the vote
online, view
the results at any point of time.Once the users are done with their activities they can log out of the website.In
this way, their work becomes easier, secure, and save their time.

Technologies used:
HTML:

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.HTML is the standard markup language for
creating Web pages.HTML describes the structure of a Web page.HTML consists of a series of
elements.HTML ele- ments tell the browser how to display the content.

CSS:

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on
screen, paper, or in other media.CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all
at once.External stylesheets are stored in CSS files

JS:

JS(Java Script) is used for:

(i) Client side validation of form elements instead of sending data to server every time.
(ii)To insert new elements such as text box etc. to the website on the go.
(iii) To provide users notifications from the server.
(iv) To load data in the background from the server and loaded on to the page side without reloading.
PHP:
PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”.PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting
language.PHP scripts are executed on the server.PHP is free to download and use
PHP can be used for the following:
• PHP can generate dynamic page content
• PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
• PHP can collect form data
• PHP can send and receive cookies
• PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
• PHP can be used to control user-access
• PHP can encrypt data
 DESIGN

Introduction:
The design phase shows how the project has been implemented.The components involved in the
project.In this one or more designs are developed which gives the apparent results for the project.
UML(Unified Modelling language) is a standard language for specifying, visualising, constructing,
and documenting the artifacts of software systems.UML diagrams are simple to understand.UML represents
two different types of diagrams:
1) Structural diagrams:

These diagrams represents how the system is going to be built.These define the structure of the sys-
tem and the components involved in the system.It shows the static features of the system
The structural diagrams are:
• Class diagrams
• Object diagrams
• Components diagrams
• Deployment diagrams
2) Behavioural diagrams:
These diagrams represent the dynamic behaviour of the system.The interactions in the system are
shown using the behavioural diagrams
The behavioural diagrams are:
• Activity diagrams
• Interaction diagrams
Sequence diagram
Collaboration
diagram
• Usecase diagrams

We have chosen class diagram,Usecase diagram and Sequence diagram for showing the static
and dynamic features of our project
UML Diagrams:

Usecase Diagram:
Usecase diagram represents the user interactions with the system.It shows customer relationship
with different usecases. It helps in designing a system from users perspective.It also shows the different
function- alities provided by the system.

This usecase diagram shows that a voter can login and logout of the system ,cast the vote, update profiles,
manage votes, manage candidates, manage voters, display results.
Class Diagram:
It represents the structure of the system showing systems classes, attributes, operations and relation-
ships among among the objects.It is a basic notation for other structure diagrams in UML

This class diagram has the following classes:

1)voter
2)candidate
3)result
4) result process
5)registration
One or more voters can use the web app and cast the vote.

Sequence diagram:
It is a type of interaction diagram which shows how a group of objects work together in the system.
It shows how objects and components interact with each other to complete a process.

This sequence diagrams represent how the interactions in our website takes place once a valid user logins
into the system, the system checks if the credentials are present in the database.If he is a valid user he will be
navigated to next page where he can perform different operations like casting votes, managing their details
viewing results.Once he finished his tasks he can logout of the system
.

IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

Introduction:
Implementation is the carrying out plans mentioned in our system planning.Implementation gives
the opportunity to see the plans become a reality.Implementation is executing the project.It makes the
reality and helps in understanding the project.

Explanation Of Key Functions:

The main function used in our project is OTP authentication. We have generated a random OTP and sent
to mail using PHP mailer and mail function .Once the OTP is sent the user can type the OTP and again
login into the system and access the services.

Method of Implementation:
We have followed iterative model for implementing the project.

In the Iterative model, iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a small set of the software
requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the complete system is implemented and
ready to be deployed.
An iterative life cycle model does not attempt to start with a full specification of requirements. Instead, de-
velopment begins by specifying and implementing just part of the software, which is then reviewed to
identify further requirements. This process is then repeated, producing a new version of the software at the
end of each iteration of the model.
Iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a subset of the software requirements and iteratively
enhances the evolving versions until the full system is implemented. At each iteration, design modifications
are made and new functional capabilities are added. The basic idea behind this method is to develop a sys-
tem through repeated cycles (iterative) and in smaller portions at a time (incremental)

Iterative and Incremental development is a combination of both iterative design or iterative method and in-
cremental build model for development. "During software development, more than one iteration of the soft-
ware development cycle may be in progress at the same time." This process may be described as an "evolu-
tionary acquisition" or "incremental build" approach."
In this incremental model, the whole requirement is divided into various builds. During each iteration, the
development module goes through the requirements, design, implementation and testing phases. Each
subse- quent release of the module adds function to the previous release. The process continues till the
complete system is ready as per the requirement.
The key to a successful use of an iterative software development lifecycle is rigorous validation of require-
ments, and verification & testing of each version of the software against those requirements within each
cycle of the model. As the software evolves through successive cycles, tests must be repeated and extended
to verify each version of the software.
Like other SDLC models, Iterative and incremental development has some specific applications in the soft-
ware industry. This model is most often used in the following scenarios −
● Requirements of the complete system are clearly defined and understood.
● Major requirements must be defined; however, some functionalities or requested enhancements
may evolve with time.
● There is a time to the market constraint.
● A new technology is being used and is being learnt by the development team while working on
the project.
● Resources with needed skill sets are not available and are planned to be used on contract basis
for specific iterations.
● There are some high-risk features and goals which may change in the future

Output Screens:
AUTHENTICATION OUTPUT SCREENS:
 Result Analysis
We have made a detailed analysis of various results and their expected output of our project. The
given below are the results we have identified in the result analysis.
1. collecting registration details:
We collect all the user registration details which they fill in the registration form and that user details we
store in our database.

2. Validate Registration form:

At the time of new user registration, we validate the form so that already registered users cannot be regis-
tered again

3. Collect login details:

A user can log in once he has successfully registered with us and we verify the user credentials with the user
details which we have stored in our database
4. Authenticate user:
Using OTP(One Time Password) authentication we authenticate the user. So that we can know that our user
was genuine or not.

5. Access Services:
Once the user is successfully login with our site then user can access all our services like casting the vote,
viewing the results .

6. Logout:

A user can log out at any time after successful login.

 Expected Actual

Collect registration details Yes

Validate registration form Yes

Collect login details Yes

Authenticate user Yes

Access services Yes

Log out Yes

 TESTING AND VALIDATION

Introduction

Validation is ensuring that all the customer needs are satisfied .Software testing is evaluating software
re- quirements against requirements gathered from users and system specifications.
Testing can be done using two approaches:
1) Functionality
testing
2)Implementation
testing Black box
testing:
In black box testing the functionality of the system is tested.Here we do not check how the project is
implemented.For a certain input if expected output matches with the actual output then the project is
success otherwise it has bugs.It is also known as behavioural testing.
White box testing:
In white box testing the implementation is also checked.It is also known as structural testing.In this
design and code structure are known to the tester.

Test Cases:

Test ID Operations Input Expected Output Actual Output Result

1 Login User name and password Navigate to authentica- Navigates to au- Pass
are taken as input tion page thentication page

2 Register All inputs are given cor- Navigate to login page Navigates to login Pass
rect where aadhar number page
is primary key

3 Cast vote Click Stores the vote and Stored the vote Pass
navigates to thankyou and navigates to
page thankyou page
 Test ID Operations Input Expected Output Actual Output Result

4 Enter otp Otp number Navigates to voting Navigates to Pass

page voting page
5 Logout Click Logout Logouts and Pass
shows home
page

Validation:
After the testing phase, following outcomes were achieved.
1)User can access the website at any time.
2) User can cast the vote from any remote area.
3) User can get instance results of elections without any delay.
4) Security is provided with otp authentication and there is no issue of tampering of votes
 CONCLUSION

Conclusion:

We are designing an alternative voting system besides the conventional voting system . Since ,
todays world has become very familiar with internet and people don’t find time to go out for voting

By doing this project we were able to bring a new system for online national voting for our country. With the
advent of technology and Internet in our day to day life, we were able to offer advanced voting system to
voters both in the country and outside through our online voting system.
We are designing an alternative voting system besides the conventional voting system . Since , todays world
has become very familiar with internet and people don’t find time to go out for votingGatherings are also
very dangerous in this pandemic situations. Providing better solution to overcome the issues with existing
system

● On-line web-based voting system which reduces the cost of voting

● Instant results of election

● Higher voter turn-out

● Enables large number of people to cast their vote evn at remote places

● Time saving process

● Improves the accessibility

● Security and Confidentiality

Future Scope:

● It will increase the overall voting percentage

• It will reduce election expenditure

• It can be made more secure by using the advance security methods like biometrics

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT :

• Fingerprinting

• Cornea Detection
 REFERENCES

• Cranor, L. (2004). Electronic Voting Hot List. Retrieved from

http://lorrie.cranor.org/voting/hot- list.html

• Dill, D. (2004). E-voting Misconceptions. Retrieved from

www.verifiedvoting.org/arti- cle.php?id=2609.

• Dill, D. Lecture, October 14, UC Berkeley.

• Dugger, R. (2004). How They Could Steal the Election this Time. The Nation. Retrieved
from www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20040816&s-dugger, July 29, 2004.