Online Exam - Parasitology Part 2

ONLINE EXAM: PARASITOLOGY PART 2
Total points 97/106
LEMAR REVIEW HUB
Email *
kayriemarayag29@gmail.com
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Key *
02-111722
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Surname, First Name *
Marayag, Kazzandra Marie R.
School *
Emilio Aguinaldo College

LRH Section *
Section A
Section B
Section C1
Section C2
Section D
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ECOFRIENDLY fecal fixative: * 1/1
Formalin
Schaudinn’s
Polyvinyl alcohol
Merthiolate-iodine-formalin

Which of the following is associated with LOEFFLER’S SYNDROME: * 1/1
Ascaris lumbricoides
Enterobius vermicularis
Trichuris trichiura
Wuchereria bancrofti
Feedback
LOEFFLER’S SYNDROME: transient pulmonary infiltration; day-to-day clearing in 3 to 14

days; associated with marked peripheral eosinophilia
VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS (VLM) and OCULAR LARVA MIGRANS (OLM) *1/1
are caused by accidental ingestion of eggs of:
Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum
Toxocara cati, Tocara canis
Feedback
A serum titer of 1: 8 is considered significant for OLM; 1: 32 is significant for VLM.

CREEPING ERUPTION or CUTANEOUS LARVA MIGRANS (CLM) is caused *1/1
by skin penetration of infective larvae of:
Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum
Toxocara cati, Tocara canis
A patient presents with vague abdominal pains and a MICROCYTIC *0/1

HYPOCHROMIC anemia. A possible causative parasite is:
Ancylostoma duodenale
Brugia malayi
Trichinella spiralis
Correct answer
Infective stage is the SHEATHED FILARIFORM LARVA: * 1/1
Strongyloides stercoralis
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus

Infective stage is the UNSHEATHED FILARIFORM LARVA: * 1/1
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus
Which of the following roundworms is capable of AUTOINFECTION, *0/1

HYPERINFECTION, and a HEAVY WORM BURDEN with characteristic
larval migration required in the life cycle?
Correct answer

Parasite recovery from stool may be enhanced by the BAERMANN *0/1
FUNNEL TECHNIQUE:
Strongyloides stercoaralis
Correct answer
Strongyloides stercoaralis
Feedback
The basic method is to wrap the sample in a PAPER TISSUE OR CLOTH AND SUBMERGE IT
IN A FUNNEL FILLED WITH WATER. The nematodes will clump and sink to the bottom of
the funnel where they can be recovered.
A primate parasite, has been isolated from humans in Africa and causes *1/1
a severe life-threatening condition called “SWOLLEN BELLY SYNDROME.”
Toxocara cati
Toxocara canis
Ancylostoma caninum
Strongyloides fuelleborni
The intestinal nematode considered capable of VERTICAL *0/1

TRANSMISSION and the potential cause for CONGENITAL INFECTIONS
is:
Trichuris trichiura
Correct answer
The filariform larva is the infective stage for: * 1/1
Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichostrongylus spp.
Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis
Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis
Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus

The examination of blood film should be performed at _____ to DETECT *1/1
MICROFILARIAE.
LPO
HPO
OIO
Feedback
MICROFILARIA: LPO
PLASMODIA, TRYPANOSOMES: OIO
MOST COMMON identified species of filarial worms that infect humans: * 1/1
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus

Lymphatic vessel involvement within the RETROPERITONEAL REGION is *1/1
associated with:
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
The nematode Loa loa is transmitted to humans by: * 1/1
Culex spp.
Simulium spp.
Mansonia spp.
Chrysops spp.
The parasite is transmitted by the black fly, Simulium spp. * 1/1
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Onchocerca volvulus
Sheathed microfilaria, nuclei extend to the tail in an irregularly arranged *1/1

fashion:
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Feedback
W. bancrofti: Sheathed, tail free of nuclei

B. malayi: Sheathed, tail with 2 separate nuclei
L. loa: Sheathed, nuclei up to the tip of the tail
O. volvulus: Unsheathed, tail is free of nuclei
M. perstans: Unsheathed, nuclei up to the tip of the tail
M. ozzardi: Unsheathed, tail is free of nuclei
M. streptocerca: Shepherd’s crook

Microfilariae are sheathed and contain 4 to 5 subterminal and 2 *1/1
TERMINAL NUCLEI in the tail:
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Feedback


Unsheathed microfilaria, tail is free of nuclei: * 1/1
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Feedback

The tail of this microfilaria is often referred to as a “shepherd’s crook”: * 1/1
Mansonella perstans
Mansonella ozzardi
Mansonella streptocerca
Wucheriria bancrofti

The endosymbiont Wolbachia sp. is required for parasite reproduction in *0/1

all of the following except:
Onchocerca volvulus
Brugia timori
Loa loa
Correct answer
Loa loa
Feedback
W. bancrofti, Brugia spp., and Onchocerca volvulus harbor an endosymbiotic alpha-

proteobacterium, Wolbachia sp. Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular organism.
The worm has a characteristic, thick cuticle and a large uterus that fills *1/1
the body cavity and contains rhabditoid larvae:
Dracunculus medinensis
Removal and gradual retraction of the adult gravid female worm is *1/1
recommended in infections with:
Ancylostoma braziliense
Dracunculus medinensis
Toxocara cati
The following infection may RESEMBLE ACUTE APPENDICITIS: * 1/1
Parastrongylus costaricensis
Gnathostoma sp.
Toxocara cati
Parastrongylus caninum
Infection with Clonorchis or Opisthorchis may result from eating raw or *1/1
undercooked:
Aquatic vegetation
Crabs
Crayfish
Freshwater fish
Which of the following can be acquired by ingestion of crab or crayfish *1/1

bearing the metacercaria:
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolopsis buski
Clonorchis sinensis
Paragonimus westermani

Which of the following flukes has an OPERCULATED FLASK-SHAPED egg *0/1
with PROMINENT SHOULDERS and a KNOB AT THE OPPOSITE END?
Opisthorchis
Paragonimus
Fasciola
Fasciolopsis
Correct answer
Opisthorchis
Feedback
F. hepatica
Operculated, brownish-yellow, unembryonated
C. sinensis, O. viverrini
Operculated with shoulders, opposite end knob, yellow-brown, embryonated
P. westermani, P. mexicanus
Operculated with shoulders, thick shelled, brownish-yellow, unembryonated
F. buski
Operculated, yellow-brown, unembryonated
H.heterophyes, M. yokogawai
Operculated with slight (minimal) opercular shoulders, yellow-brown, embryonated

The eggs are small, yellow-brown, EMBRYONATED, and operculated and *1/1
may have MINIMAL OPERCULAR SHOULDERS:
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolopsis buski
Heterophyes heterophyes
Feedback
EMBRYONATED (MATURE) EGGS

“CHOS/SHOC” OPERCULATED:
Clonorchis, Heterophyes, Opistorchis
MATURE, NONOPERCULATED: Schistosoma
UNEMBROYONATED (IMMATURE) EGGS, OPERCULATED

Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Echinostoma
UNEMBRYONATED, WITH OPERCULUM AND ABORPERCULUM:

Paragonimus
The infective life cycle stage of a fluke (except blood fluke) is the: * 1/1
Miracidium
Cercariae
Metacercariae
Pleurocercariae
The fluke acquired by eating contaminated vegetation is: * 1/1
Clonorchis sinensis
Fasciolopsis buski
Fish carrying metacercariae may transmit: * 1/1
Clonorchis sinensis
Fasciolopsis buski
Schistosoma haematobium
Paragonimus westermani infection is acquired by: * 1/1
Drinking contaminated water
Eating infected crustacea
Eating infected fish

Eating infected water chestnuts
The mode of transmission of schistosomal infection is by: * 1/1
Ingestion of contaminated aquatic vegetation
Direct penetration of the skin by cercariae
Ingestion of raw fish
Mosquito bite
The drug of choice for treatment of schistosome infections is: * 1/1
Metrifonate
Praziquantel
Bilarcil
Niclosamide
Feedback
Infection with S. mansoni may require a larger dose than that for the other species.

A diagnostic characteristic of the egg of Schistosoma mansoni is: * 1/1
A large lateral spine
No spine
A pointed terminal spine
A small lateral spine
To optimize recovery of S. haematobium in urine, the specimen should be *1/1

collected:
Early morning
Between noon and 2 pm
Between 2 pm and 4 pm
Between 10 pm and 2 am
Infection with S. haematobium may present with which of the following? * 1/1
Nausea
Basophilia
Hematuria
Hematuria
Jaundice
A patient from the Great Lakes area presents with vague abdominal *1/1
symptoms and a MACROCYTIC ANEMIA. Which cestode would be the
probable cause?
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus
Taenia saginata
Hymenolepis nana
In the Diphyllobothrium latum life cycle, the infective stage for humans is: * 1/1
Cysticercus
Cysticercoid
Procercoid
Plerocercoid

Only cestode to have an aquatic life cycle: * 1/1
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis diminuta
Hymenolepis nana
Feedback
1st intermediate host: COPEPOD

2nd intermediate host, reservoir host: FISH
Definitive host: MAN
Lifespan of D. latum, T. saginata and T. solium: * 1/1
Usually less than 1 year
1 to 5 years
10 to 15 years
Up to 25 years
Feedback
H. nana: Perhaps many years as a result of autoinfection

H. diminuta: Usually less than 1 year
D. caninum: Usually less than 1 year
y y
D. latum, Taenia: Up to 25 years
Thick-walled POLLEN GRAINS resemble the eggs of: * 0/1
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis nana
Taenia species
Correct answer
Taenia species
Which of the following can bypass the need for an intermediate host? * 1/1
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis nana
Which tapeworm infects CATTLE as an INTERMEDIATE HOST? * 1/1
Taenia saginata
Taenia saginata
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis nana
Definitive host of Taenia saginata: * 1/1
Cow
Pig
Insect
Human
Feedback
Human serves as the definitive host for beef (Taenia saginata) and pork (Taenia solium)
tapeworms; cows/ camels and pigs serve as intermediate hosts, respectively. Humans
also serve as the intermediate host for T. solium (cysticercosis).
Which tapeworm cannot be identified to the species level based on its *1/1
egg morphology; instead, proglottids must be examined?
Diphyllobothrium
Dipylidium
Hymenolepis
Taenia
Feedback
Feedback
Uterine branches visualized by staining the proglottids with INDIA INK

T. SAGINATA: 15 to 20 branches, dichotomous or tree-like
T. SOLIUM: 7 to 13 lateral branches, dendritic or fingerlike
Gravid proglottids resemble rice grains(dry) or cucumber seeds (moist): * 1/1
Dipylidium caninum
Taenia spp.
Hymenolepis nana
Eggs HAVE POLAR FILAMENTS present in the space between the *1/1
oncospheres and the eggshell:
Hymenolepis nana
The eggs contain a six-hooked oncosphere with the ABSENCE OF POLAR *1/1
FILAMENTS in the space between the oncosphere and the eggshell:
Hymenolepis nana
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Protozoan with large karyosome, may be surrounded by refractile *1/1

granules that are difficult to see (“BASKET NUCLEUS”):
Endolimax nana
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba histolytica
Iodamoeba butschlii
Which operculated ovum contain a miracidium and can appear in sputum, *1/1
often accompanied by blood and Charcot-Leyden crystals?
Fasciola hepatica
Schistosoma mansoni
Dipylidium caninum
Which of the following is the first intermediate host of the flukes? * 1/1
Snail
Water plant
Water plant
Fish
Crab
What is a schistosomule? * 1/1
Cercaria
Cercaria minus tail
Free-swimming cercaria
Metacercaria
Which tapeworm proglottid makes its way across the fecal specimen by *1/1
doubling movements, and is seen under the microscope to have
numerous regular uterine branches (more than 15) resembling those of a
tree?
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
Diphyllobothrium lactum
Dipylidium caninum

Which species of Taenia has 7 to 12 uterine branches? * 1/1
Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
None of the above
The eggs of Echinococcus granulosus are found in the feces of: * 1/1
Cats
Fish
Dog
Cattle
Which of the following is found in the intermediate host of Echinococcus *1/1

granulosus?
Adult worm
Egg
Hydatid cyst
Hydatid cyst
Pseudocyst
The first intermediate host of Diphyllobothrium latum: * 1/1
Copepod
Snail
Fish
Crab
The second intermediate host of Diphyllobothrium latum * 1/1
Cattle
Waterplants
Crayfish
Freshwater fish
What is the infective stage of the broad fish tapeworms to human? * 1/1
Plerocercoid
Coracidium
Hydatid cyst
Cysticerus
In some individuals, particularly those of Scandinavian extraction, this *1/1

worm can case a megaloblastic anemia:
Dipylidium caninum
Taenia solium
Necator americanus
Which of the following worms have separate sexes? * 1/1
Intestinal flukes
Liver flukes
Tapeworms
Blood flukes
The male roundworm is differentiated from the female roundworm by its: * 1/1
Dorsally curved posterior
Pointed posterior
Square posterior
Square posterior
Rounded posterior
Which stage of Trichuris trichiura is infective to humans? * 1/1
Rhabditiform larva
Filariform larva
Cyst
Embryonated egg
Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, and _______ ”unholy three” of roundworm. * 1/1
Taenia saginata
Hymenolepsis nana
The helminth that induces a hypochromic microcytic anemia in its host is *1/1
the:
Hookworm
Whipworm
Pinworm
Pinworm
Threadworm
The rhabditiform larva of the hookworm has a: * 1/1
Long buccal cavity equal to the width of the body
Short buccal cavity equal to ½ the width of the body
Medium length buccal cavity
Has no buccal cavity
Which of the following larval worms enters the host by penetration of the *1/1
skin?
Strongloides stercoralis
Both of these
None of these
A roundworm that inhabits the small intestine and usually is *1/1

demonstrated as rhabditiform larvae in the fecal specimen is the:
Hookworm
Large roundworm
Whipworm
Threadworm
Adults of filarial worms live in: * 1/1
Blood and feces
Urine and lymphatics
Subcutaneous tissues
Lymphatics and subcutaneous tissues
Dirofilaria immitis: * 1/1
Dog heartworm
Dog hookworm
Rat lungworm
Cercarial dermatitis
Cutaneous larva migrans or creeping eruptions is caused by: * 1/1
Larvae of pinworm
Microfilariae
Filariform larvae of the dog hookworm

Metacercariae
Specific gravity of zinc sulfate solution for the flotation method: * 1/1
1.01
1.04
1.18
1.48
The ideal temperature at which to hold a fecal specimen for more than 1 *1/1
hour is:
Freezer temperature
Refrigerator temperature
Room temperature
Incubator temperature
Most tapeworms are intestinal parasites of humans. Humans can be *1/1

both the intermediate and the definitive host of:
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
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Charcot-Leyden crystals in stool may be associated with an immune *1/1

response and are thought to be the breakdown products of:
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Characteristics of the rhabditiform (noninfective) larvae of Strongyloides *1/1

stercoralis include a:
Short buccal capsule and large genital primordium
Long buccal capsule and pointed tail
Short buccal capsule and small genital primordium
Small genital primordium and notch in tail

A mother brings two male children; ages 3 and 4, to the clinic because *1/1
they are restless, haven't been sleeping well, and frequently are
scratching their bottoms. Examination is consistent with perianal
pruritus. What is the most likely etiologic agent involved in this infection?
Stronyloides stercoralis
Acanthamoeba duodenale
Necator americanus
A 33-year-old dog owner presents with abdominal pain and signs of *1/1
internal hemorrhaging. Blood tests show eosinophilia, but parasite eggs
are NOT found in fecal smears. An ELISA test confirms a diagnosis of
visceral larva migrans. What is the most likely etiologic agent involved in
this infection?
Schistosoma mansoni
Taenia saginata
Toxocara canis
Dipylidium caninum

All of the following larva migrate through the lungs except one: * 1/1
Ascaris
Hookworm
Pinworm
Stronyloides
Habitat of the adult Trichinella spiralis: * 1/1
Small intestines
Skeletal muscles
Blood
CSF
Feedback
T. SPIRALIS ADULT - SMALL INTESTINES

T. SPIRALIS LARVA - MUSCLES

Malabsorption syndrome is associated with this parasite: * 1/1
Necator americanus
Trichuris trichiura
Capillaria philippinensis
The mouth of Necator americanus is characterized by the presence of: * 1/1
Teeth
Cutting plates
Both of these
None of these
Which of the following microfilariae is unsheathed? * 1/1
Onchocerca volvulus
Loa loa
Brugia malayi
Eye worm producing fugitive swelling or Calabar swelling: * 0/1
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Dipetalonema perstans
Mansonella ozzardi
Correct answer
Loa loa
Infective stage of the Schistosomes to their final host: * 1/1
Miracidium
Sporocyst
Cercaria
Metacercaria

Eggs of this fluke are small and shaped like an old-fashioned electric light *1/1
bulb:
Clonorchis sinensis
Fasciola lanceolata
Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Infection with this fluke is acquired by eating the tissues of fresh water *1/1
crabs:
Clonorchis sinensis
Fasciolopsis buski
Schistosoma cercaria enter the human body: * 1/1
By eating raw snail
By eating contaminated vegetables and fish

By blood transfusion
By skin penetration
Human tapeworm that does not require an intermediate host to complete *1/1
its natural life cycle:
Hymenolepis nana
Taenia saginata
Dipylidium caninum
Microfilaria is sheathed, the body nuclei extend almost to the tip of the *1/1
tail
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
The term “internal autoinfection” is generally used in referring to *1/1

infections with:
Necator americanus
Necator americanus
Trichuris trichiura
A fibrous skin nodule is removed from the back of a patient from Central *1/1
America. A microfilaria seen upon microscopic exam of the nodule is:
Brugia malayi
Onchocerca volvulus
Loa loa
Cysticercosis is caused by the disseminated larva of: * 1/1
Hymenolepis nana
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
A tapeworm with almond-shaped or spoon-shaped scolex is: * 1/1
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
Taenia solium
Dipylidium caninum
An operculated CESTODE egg that can be recovered in human feces is: * 1/1
Clonorchis sinensis
Dipylidium caninum
Feedback
Clonorchis and Paragonimus - TREMATODES, operculated egg

D. caninum - CESTODE, CYLOPHYLLIDEAN, non-operculated egg
D. latum - CESTODE, PSEUDOPHYLLIDEAN, operculated egg
Migrating larva of this parasite can be found in sputum: * 1/1
Both of these
None of these
Feedback
LARVA IN SPUTUM - ASCARIS, STRONGYLOIDES, HOOKWORM
EGG (OVUM) IN SPUTUM - PARAGONIMUS
Egg of this parasite can be found in sputum: * 1/1
Both of these
None of these
Feedback
LARVA IN SPUTUM - ASCARIS, STRONGYLOIDES, HOOKWORM

EGG (OVUM) IN SPUTUM - PARAGONIMUS
Serve as DEFINITIVE HOST for the beef tapeworm: * 1/1
Cows, camels
Pigs
Humans
Dogs, cats
Feedback
TAENIA SAGINATA
Humans serve as the definitive host for the beef tapeworm, whereas cows/camels serve
as intermediate hosts.
INTERMEDIATE HOSTS of Taenia saginata: * 1/1
Cows, camels
Pigs
Humans
Dogs, cats
Feedback
TAENIA SAGINATA
Humans serve as the definitive host for the beef tapeworm, whereas cows/camels serve
as intermediate hosts.
Eggs can be confused with POLLEN GRAINS: * 0/1
Enterobius
Trichuris
Taenia
Dipylidium
Correct answer
Taenia
Feedback
BAILEY & SCOTT'S: TAENIA EGGS
Eggs can be confused with pollen grains (handle all proglottids with extreme care)
Gravid proglottids resemble rice grains (dry) or cucumber seeds (moist): * 1/1
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis nana
Feedback
BAILEY & SCOTT'S: DIPYLIDIUM CANINUM

Gravid proglottids resemble rice grains (dry) or cucumber seeds (moist).
Parasite recovery from stool may be enhanced by the Baermann funnel *1/1
technique:

Consumption of the infective larval stage encysted on aquatic plants that *1/1
have not been cooked results in infection with:
Clonorchis sinensis
Fasciola hepatica
A schistosoma egg with a terminal spine would be most likely found in *1/1
which of the following?
Feces
Bile
Sputum
Urine
Feedback
S. HAEMATOBIUM - URINE
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ONLINE EXAM: PARASITOLOGY PART 2

Total points 97/106

LEMAR REVIEW HUB

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Surname, First Name *

Marayag, Kazzandra Marie R.

Emilio Aguinaldo College

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ECOFRIENDLY fecal fixative: * 1/1

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LOEFFLER’S SYNDROME: transient pulmonary infiltration; day-to-day clearing in 3 to 14

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Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum

Toxocara cati, Tocara canis

A serum titer of 1: 8 is considered significant for OLM; 1: 32 is significant for VLM.

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Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum

Toxocara cati, Tocara canis

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A patient presents with vague abdominal pains and a MICROCYTIC *0/1

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Infective stage is the SHEATHED FILARIFORM LARVA: * 1/1

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus

Infective stage is the UNSHEATHED FILARIFORM LARVA: * 1/1

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus

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Which of the following roundworms is capable of AUTOINFECTION, *0/1

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The intestinal nematode considered capable of VERTICAL *0/1

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The filariform larva is the infective stage for: * 1/1

Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichostrongylus spp.

Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis

Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis

Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus

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The nematode Loa loa is transmitted to humans by: * 1/1

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The parasite is transmitted by the black fly, Simulium spp. * 1/1

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Sheathed microfilaria, nuclei extend to the tail in an irregularly arranged *1/1

W. bancrofti: Sheathed, tail free of nuclei

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W. bancrofti: Sheathed, tail free of nuclei

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W. bancrofti: Sheathed, tail free of nuclei

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The tail of this microfilaria is often referred to as a “shepherd’s crook”: * 1/1

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The endosymbiont Wolbachia sp. is required for parasite reproduction in *0/1

W. bancrofti, Brugia spp., and Onchocerca volvulus harbor an endosymbiotic alpha-

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The following infection may RESEMBLE ACUTE APPENDICITIS: * 1/1